2021年高考英语专题练习——情态动词和虚拟语气案例解析

高考英语专题练习——情态动词和虚拟语气
易错点1
情态动词的误用
1.
Some
people
who
don’t
like
to
talk
much
are
not
necessarily
shy;
they
_______________
just
be
quiet
people.
A.
must
B.
may
C.
should
D.
would
________________________________________
【错因分析】考生容易误选C项，认为是＂一定是＂，实际上这里表示可能性。
【试题解析】句意：一些不爱说话的人并不是真的害羞，他们可能只是比较安静。must必须；may可能；should应该；would将要。由句意可知这里表示不确定的推测，要用may。
【参考答案】B
________________________________________
may/might接动词原形时表示对现在情况的推测，意思是＂可能＂。
She
thought
it
might
be
wise
to
try
her
luck
here.
她认为在这儿碰碰运气也许不错。
2.
—What
does
the
sign
over
there
read?
—No
person
______________
smoke
or
carry
a
lighted
cigarette,
cigar
or
pipe
in
this
area.
A.
will
B.
may
C.
shall
D.
must
________________________________________
【错因分析】考生容易误选A项，认为这里要用will表示将来或意愿。shall在本句中用于第三人称，表示警告和禁止；will表示现在的意志、愿望等，意为＂要，希望＂；may表示许可，或用于请求许可，意为＂可，可以＂；must意为＂必须，要，应当＂。
【试题解析】句意：——那边的那个标志说的什么？——任何人都不准在这个区域吸烟、或携带点着的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。根据语境可知这里表示警告和禁止，因此要用should。
【参考答案】C
________________________________________
shall用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：
（1）用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示征求对方意见。
Shall
I
help
you?
要不要我帮你？
Shall
I
open
the
window?
要我把窗子打开吗？
Shall
she
go
to
the
concert
with
us
this
evening?
她要和我们一起去音乐会吗？
（2）用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等（可用于各类人称）。
You
shall
suffer
for
this.
你会为此事吃苦头的。（表威胁）
Each
competitor
shall
wear
a
number.
每个参赛者要戴一个号码。（表规定）
You
shall
hear
everything
as
soon
as
you
come.
你一来就可以听到所有的情况。（表允诺）
You
shall
go
to
the
front
at
once.
你马上到前线去。（表命令）
Don’t
worry.
You
shall
get
the
answer
this
very
afternoon.
不要着急，你今天下午晚些时候可以得到答案。（表允诺）
He
shall
be
sorry
one
day.
I
tell
you.
我告诉你，他早晚会后悔的。（表警告）
Nothing
shall
stop
us
from
fighting
against
pollution.
什么也阻止不了我们与污染作斗争。（表决心）
1.（2018·北京卷）In
today’s
information
age,
the
loss
of
data
_________
cause
serious
problems
for
a
company.
A.
need
B.
should
C.
can
D.
must
【解析】：考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。
【答案】C
2.
I
think
the
work
____________
be
completed
ahead
of
time.
【解析】：句意：我认为这项工作可以提前完成。由句意可知这里表示说话人的一种看法，故填can。
【答案】can
【名师点睛】此题有些考生可能会认为这里是要求工作＂必须＂提前完成而误填must，因此在做此类题时，一定要结合语境，仔细推敲语境暗含的意思，从而提高做题的正确率。
3.
—It’s
the
office!
So
you
____________
know
eating
is
not
allowed
here.
—Oh,
sorry.
A.
must
B.
will
C.
may
D.
need
【解析】：句意：——这里是办公室。所以你必须知道在这儿吃东西是不被允许的。——哦，对不起。结合语境可知，这里表示命令，因此要用must。
【答案】A
【名师点睛】must常用来表示禁止、命令，这时主要用于否定句中。
You
must
not
speak
ill
of
others.
你一定不要说别人的坏话。
You
must
not
go
there.
你不准去那儿。
情态动词的基本用法
（一）情态动词的特点
情态动词，在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。它很接近中文里的能愿动词。从用法上来说，它有这样几个特点：
1.
各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。
2.
情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。
3.
情态动词在句中不受任何人称、性、数变化的影响。
4.
情态动词后接的不定式（除ought外）都不带to，即接动词原形。
（二）常用情态动词的基本用法
英文中的情态动词主要有：can,
could;
may,
might;
must;
ought;
need;
dare,
dared，另外，shall,
will,
should,
would在一定的场合也可用作情态动词。
He
can
speak
five
languages.
他会说五种语言。
She
must
have
arrived
home
by
now.
现在她准到家了。
We
should
study
hard
for
our
motherland.
我们应该为祖国而努力学习。
They
needn’t
be
in
such
a
hurry
for
there
is
enough
time
for
them.
他们还有足够的时间，用不着这么慌张。
1.
can,
could
能，会
could可以看作是can的过去式，这两个词除了时态不相同外，在表达意思的许多方面是相同的。当然could也有自己独特的用法。
（1）表示脑力或体力上的能力
Nobody
can
stop
the
development
of
science.
谁也无法阻止科学的发展。
She
can
sing
that
song
in
English.
她能用英文唱那歌。
He
can
submerge
to
a
depth
of
about
twenty
meters.
他能潜入约二十米深的水中。
He
could
hardly
support
his
family
before
he
found
the
new
job.
他在找到那份新工作前几乎无法养家。
I
could
not
understand
the
lecture
on
the
computer
given
by
Mr.
Smith.
我听不懂史密斯先生作的那个关于计算机的讲座。
（2）表示客观上的可能性
You
can
borrow
this
useful
book
from
the
library.
你可以从图书馆借到这种有用的书。
A
more
suitable
person
than
him
for
the
job
cannot
be
found.
不可能找到比他更适合这份工作的人了。
Now
people
can
skate
on
the
lake.
现在人们可以在湖上滑冰了。
When
the
storm
stopped,
the
plane
could
take
off.
当风暴停下来时，飞机可以起飞了。
（3）表示主观上的允许
Can
I
ask
you
some
questions
about
it?
我可以问你有关这件事的几个问题吗？
You
cannot
leave
here
till
I
come
back.
直到我回来你才能离开。
Such
kind
of
thing
can’t
happen
anymore
later.
这类事以后不准再发生了。
Can
you
tell
me
how
to
get
to
the
airport?
你能告诉我怎么去机场吗？
Could
you
tell
me
how
to
get
to
the
airport?
您能告诉我怎么去机场吗？
Could
I
be
forgiven
my
negligence?
请原谅我的疏忽，行吗？
（4）表示猜测、怀疑或惊诧（用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）
How
can
/
could
you
be
here?
你怎么会在这儿？
She
couldn’t
/
can’t
be
so
stupid
to
do
that.
她不可能蠢得去做那种事吧。
He
couldn’t
/
can’t
be
over
seventy.
他不可能有七十多岁了。
Where
could
/
can
the
boy
be
now?
那孩子现在能在哪儿呢？
另外，could还常用于表示较客气委婉的看法、提问及用于虚拟语气的结构中。这时候，could就不可以看作是can的过去式了。而是could自己独特的用法。
Could
you
speak
a
little
slowly?
您能稍微说慢一点儿吗？
I
could
come
earlier
if
asked.
如果要让我早一点来，我可以来早一点。
I’m
afraid
that
we
couldn’t
give
you
any
definite
answer
at
this
moment.
恐怕我们这时候还无法给予你任何确切的答复。
We
would
appreciate
it
if
you
could
offer
us
any
help.
如果您能为我们提供帮助的话，我们将不甚感激。
You
could
have
done
better
if
you
had
worked
harder
at
it.
如果你再加把劲，你本来可以做得更好一些的。
2.
may,
might
或许，可能，可以
might可以看作是may的过去式，这两个词除了时态不相同外，在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然may
和might又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。
（1）可能性
I
may
be
busy
from
tomorrow
on.
从明天起我可能会忙起来。
I
wondered
if
they
might
agree
with
the
idea.
我想知道他们是否会同意这种想法。
She
thought
it
might
be
wise
to
try
her
luck
here.
她认为在这儿碰碰运气也不错。
You
may
catch
sight
of
the
sunrise
from
here
when
you
get
up
before
5
in
the
morning.
你在早晨五点钟以前起来，或许能从这儿看到日出。
（2）表示允许
May
I
come
in?
我可以进来吗？
I’d
like
to
have
a
smoke
here
if
I
may.
如果可以的话我想在这儿抽一支烟。
The
librarian
told
her
that
she
might
return
the
book
to
the
library
in
three
days.
图书馆理员告诉她说，她可以在三天后还那本书。
At
the
press
conference,
a
news
reporter
asked
the
chairman
if
she
might
trouble
him
with
a
question
about
Taiwan
issue.
在记者招待会上，一位新闻记者问大会主席她是否能提一个有关台湾问题方面的问题。
（3）may可以用来表示祝愿，也常用于表示目的或让步的状语从句中：
May
that
day
come
soon.
但愿那天早日到来。
May
you
succeed
in
winning
the
first
prize
in
the
game.
祝愿你比赛夺冠成功。
May
you
continue
in
your
efforts
and
achieve
greater
successes.
祝愿你继续努力并取得更大的成功。
（4）might也常用于表示目的等状语从句中，或用于虚拟语气的结构中：
I
could
not
convince
him,
try
as
I
might.
我无论用什么样的办法也不能说服他。
He
died
so
that
the
others
might
live.
为了其他的人能活下去，他自己牺牲了。
One
error
in
calculation
might
ruin
the
whole
project.
计算中出一点错就可能毁掉整个工程。
They
left
off
earlier
on
that
day
so
that
they
might
catch
the
first
train.
那天，他们为了赶上头班车动身早一些。
If
you
had
made
better
use
of
your
time,
you
might
have
learned
more.
假若你将自己的时间利用得更好一些，你本可以学到更多东西的。
★
注意：在回答以may引导的问句时，一般说来避免使用may，以免显得太严厉、或不太客气，而改用其他方式。
—May
I
come
in?
我可以进来吗？
—Yes,
please.
/
Sure.
/
Certainly.
请进。
—Please
don’t.
请不要进来。
—No
,
you
mustn’t.
不行。
3.
must
应该，必须，一定
（1）表示出于职责、义务该做某事
We
must
protect
people’s
rights.
我们应该保护人民的利益。
Everyone
must
be
loyal
to
his
motherland.
每个人都应该忠于自己的祖国。
You
must
serve
the
people
when
you
grow
up.
你们长大成人后应该服务于人民。
Students
must
work
hard
at
their
study.
学生应该努力学习。
（2）表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事
We
must
speed
up
the
pace
of
our
economic
reform.
我们必须加速经济改革的步伐。
We
must
keep
steps
to
the
scientific
development.
我们一定要与科学的发展保持步调一致。
You
must
hurry
up
or
you’ll
be
late.
你必须得快点儿，不然会迟到的。
★
注意：在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事；have
to却表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事。除此以外，have
to自身有时态的变化形式。
I
have
to
go
now
for
I’ve
got
a
meeting
15
minutes
later.
我现在必须要走了，因为我15分钟后有个会要开。
He
has
to
be
back
home
by
five
to
fetch
his
son
from
kindergarten.
他必须在五点钟前回家去幼儿园接他的儿子。
Jenny
had
to
tidy
up
the
room
before
her
mother
came
back.
珍尼不得不在她妈妈回家以前将房间整理好。
★
注意：在这种用法中，回答以must引导的问句时，若是否定答复，不可以用mustn’t
而需要用needn’t
或是don’t
have
to，因为mustn’t意思是＂绝不能、一定不要＂，而没有＂不必＂的意思。
—Must
we
hand
in
our
exercises
today?
我们今天必须交作业吗？
—Yes,
you
must.
是的，必须交。
—No,
you
needn’t（or,
you
don’t
have
to
）.
不，不必今天交。
（3）表示禁止（用于否定句）
You
must
not
speak
ill
of
others.
你一定不要说别人的坏话。
Cars
must
not
park
here.
这里禁止停车。
Smoking
must
not
allow
in
the
office.
严禁在办公室吸烟。
You
mustn’t
talk
to
girls
like
that.
你绝不能那样对女孩子说话。
（4）表示猜测、推测，must常用于肯定句中表示猜测。对现在或未来的事进行猜测时，后接动词原形；对已经发生的事进行猜测时，后接have
+
过去分词。
You
must
be
tired
after
working
so
long.
你工作这么长时间，肯定累了吧。
It
must
be
that
naughty
boy
crying
outside.
肯定是那个调皮的孩子在外面大叫。
It
must
have
rained
last
night
for
it
is
so
wet
outside.
外面这么湿，昨晚肯定下雨了。
The
idea
must
be
accepted
by
the
society
sooner
or
later.
这种想法肯定迟早会被社会所接受的。
I
didn’t
see
you
in
class
yesterday.
You
must
have
been
absent.
我昨天上课没见着你，你肯定没有来。
4.
ought
应该（后接带to的不定式构成谓语动词）
（1）表示出于职责、义务该做某事
You
ought
not
to
be
so
careless
in
your
work.
你不应该在工作上如此粗心大意。
We
ought
to
study
hard
for
the
sake
of
our
motherland.
我们应该为了我们的祖国而努力学习。
His
doctor
said
to
him
that
he
oughtn’t
to
smoke
so
much.
他的医生说他不应该抽这么多烟。
Oughtn’t
you
to
give
us
a
chance
to
try?
你难道不应该给我们一个尝试的机会吗？
（2）表示极有可能发生某事
As
an
auto
repairman,
Dick
ought
to
know
what
is
wrong
with
the
car.
作为一个汽车修理工，狄克应该知道这部车的毛病所在。
If
we
set
off
right
now,
we
ought
to
be
able
to
get
there
in
time.
如果我们马上出发，我们应当能够按时到达那里。
Tomorrow
ought
to
be
a
nice
day
for
we
have
such
a
fine
sunset
today.
今天有这么好的晚霞，明天准是个晴天。
5.
need需要（用于否定句和疑问句）
There
are
still
one
and
a
half
hours
to
go,
we
needn’t
be
in
such
a
hurry.
还有一个半小时，我们无需如此慌张。
I
hardly
need
say
how
much
we
missed
you.
不用说我们是多么地想念你。
Need
you
go
so
soon?
你需要这么早就去吗？
You
need
have
no
anxiety
on
my
account.
你不必为我而着急。
6.
dare,
dared敢（用于否定句、疑问句和疑问句）
Dare
you
stay
here
alone
in
the
night?
你敢在夜里待在这儿吗？
Nobody
dared
mention
that
matter.
没有人敢提那件事。
How
dared
you
say
that
to
her?
你怎么敢对她说那件事？
Even
if
you
dare
do
it,
I
won’t
allow
you
to
because
it’s
too
dangerous.
即使你敢做，我也会让你做那件事，因为太危险了
7.
shall用作情态动词时，适用于第二人称和第三人称。
主要表示下面几层意思：
（1）许诺
You
shall
hear
everything
directly
you
come.
你一来就可以听到一切了。
＂Whatever
you
want
you
shall
have,
＂said
the
Fairy.
仙女说：＂你想得到什么，你就可以有什么。＂
I
don’t
want
to
be
hard
on
your
daughter;
she
shan’t
be
pressed.
我不想对你女儿太严厉，她不会受压制。
I
promise
that
you
shall
see
her
again
before
long.
我保证你不久就能再见到她。
（2）命令
You
shall
come
to
my
office
immediately.
你必须马上来我的办公室。
She
shall
not
stay
in
my
garden.
她不可以待在我的花园里。
He
shall
not
come
into
my
study.
不许他进我的书房。
You
shall
do
as
you
are
told.
按告诉你的那么做。
（3）决心（表示某事一定会发生）
That
day
shall
come.
那一天一定会到来。
It
has
been
decided
that
he
shall
be
given
the
job.
已经决定让他做那份工作了。
This
law
shall
come
into
effect
on
January
1st
2001.
这个法律于2001年1月1日生效。
（4）规定
Each
competitor
shall
wear
a
number.
每个参赛者要佩戴一个数字标。
The
renter
shall
keep
the
house
in
a
neat
and
orderly
state.
租赁者要保持房屋整洁有序。
The
supplier
shall
make
shipment
before
October
and
the
purchaser
shall
make
payment
within
15
days
after　　receipt
of
the
goods.
卖方十月以前装运，买方在收到货物后十五天内付款。
8.
should用作情态动词时，有时表示具体的意思，有时没有意义。主要用于下面几个方面：
（1）表示出于职责、义务该做某事
You
shouldn’t
come
to
such
a
decision
hastily.
你不应该匆忙做出这么一个决定。
You
should
write
to
your
parents
at
least
once
a
month.
你应该至少每月给你父母亲写一封信。
We
should
read
English
aloud
every
morning.
我们应该每天早晨朗读英文。
They
should
do
it
for
their
own
good.
为了他们自己利益他们应该做这件事。
（2）表示对某种情况的估计
She
shouldn’t
be
out
in
such
an
early
morning.
她不会这么一大早就出去了吧。
This
book
should
be
published
in
two
months
at
most.
这本书最多两个月后就会出版的。
The
effect
of
the
tax
should
be
felt
in
higher
prices.
人们可能会从各种上涨的物价中感觉到这种税的影响的。
The
event
should
lead
them
to
a
even
worse
economic
crisis.
这次事件可能会将他们引向更严重的经济危机。
（3）表示惊讶、失望等情绪
I
think
it
is
dreadful
that
anyone
should
be
so
miserable.
我认为，竟然每个人都如此伤心就太糟糕了。
Why
should
I
pay
him
for
nothing?
我干吗要白白付给他钱？
It
seems
so
unfair
that
this
should
happen
to
me.
这件事竟然发生在我身上，似乎太不公平了。
It’s
strange
that
it
should
be
so
cold
today.
奇怪，今天怎么会这么冷。
（4）用于某些从句中表示虚拟语气
The
doctor
insisted
that
the
girl
should
be
hospitalized.
大夫坚持认为那个女孩要住院治疗。
She
stood
away
so
that
he
should
enter
the
room
first.
她让到一边，好让他第一个进入房间。
I’ll
write
it
down
lest
I
should
forget
it.
我将它记下以免遗忘。
Take
an
umbrella
with
you
in
case
it
should
rain.
带上雨伞，以防下雨。
9.
will,
would
would可以看作是will的过去式，这两个词除了时态不相同外，在表达意思的许多方面是相近的。当然will
和would又都有一些各自不同的独特用法。
（1）用于第二人称疑问句，表示请求（在这种用法中would使语气更为客气、委婉）
Will
you
tell
her
that
I’ll
be
back
in
twenty
minutes?
请告诉她我二十分钟后回来，好吗？
If
you
want
help,
just
let
me
know,
will
you?
你需要帮助就告诉我，好吗？
Would
you
tell
me
how
to
get
to
the
shopping
center?
您能告诉我怎么去购物中心吗？
Won’t
you
come
in
and
have
a
little
whisky?
你要不要进来喝一点儿威士忌？（或是：你进来喝一点儿威士忌，好吗？）
（2）用于表示愿望
Go
where
you
will.
去你想去的地方吧。
I
will
pay
you
at
the
rate
you
ask.
我会按你要的利率付给你钱的。
He
wouldn’t
let
the
doctor
take
his
blood
pressure.
他不愿意让大夫给他量血压。
They
had
to
obey
whether
they
would
or
not.
不管他们愿意与否，他们必须要遵从。
（3）表示习惯、倾向（可译成＂总是会、老是，等＂
）
Sometimes
the
cat
will
lie
there
all
afternoon.
有时侯，那只猫会整个下午都躺在那儿。
Oil
and
water
will
not
mix.
油和水不能混合。
He
would
sit
there
for
hours,
doing
nothing
at
all.
他总是在那儿一坐就是几个小时，什么都不干。
（4）表示猜测（可译成＂一定是……、想必……，等＂
）
This
will
be
the
house
you’re
looking
for.
这想必就是你要找的房子吧。
He
will
have
gone
back
to
New
Zealand.
他一定是回新西兰去了。
That
would
be
in
1999,
I
think.
那大概是在1999年吧。
（5）will用于表示决心（可译成＂一定要，决心＂等
）
We
will
never
talk
about
that
subject
again.
我们决不会再谈论这个话题了。
I
will
make
this
computer
work
even
if
I
have
to
stay
up
all
night.
我即使整晚不睡觉也一定要让这台计算机工作起来。
（6）would常用于虚拟条件句，表示与事实相反或不太可能实现的情况
But
for
your
help
we
would
have
been
late.
要不是你帮忙我们就迟到了。
Well,
I
wouldn’t
worry
about
it.
It
won’t
do
me
any
good.
好了，我不会担心那件事的，因为它不会给我带来什么好处。
易错点2
混淆＂情态动词+have
done＂各种句式的不同含义
1.
—Where
is
my
dictionary?
I
remember
I
put
it
here
yesterday.
—You
____________
it
in
the
wrong
place.
A.must
put
B.should
have
put
C.might
put
D.might
have
put
________________________________________【错因分析】考生容易误选A项，原因是受汉语表达习惯的影响，认为＂你一定是把它放错地方了＂。根据前面的语境可判断出，本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。所以要用might
have
done。should
have
done表示＂(过去)本来应该做某事＂。must意为＂一定＂，是肯定的推测，与所提供的情景矛盾。might
put表示现在发生的事。
【试题解析】句意：——我的字典在哪儿？我记得昨天把它放这儿了。——你可能放错地方了。结合语境可知，这里表示对过去发生的事情的推测，表示一种可能性，may/might
have
done表示＂过去可能做了(某事)＂，故用might
have
put。
【参考答案】D
________________________________________
情态动词＋have
done
用法
must
have
done
一定做过某事，其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t
have
done
can/could
have
done
本来能够做某事但却未做
可能做过某事
can’t/couldn’t
have
done
不可能做过某事
may/might
have
done
或许/可能做过某事
should/ought
to
have
done
本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了
needn’t
have
done
做了本没有必要做的事情
1.（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）What
a
pity!
You
missed
the
sightseeing,
or
we
_________a
good
time
together.
A.
had
B.
will
have
C.
would
have
had
D.
had
had
【解析】：考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would,
could,
might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。
【答案】C
2.
That
car
nearly
hit
me;
I
______________.
A.
might
be
killed
C.
may
be
killed
B.
might
have
been
killed
D.
may
been
killed
【解析】：句意：那辆小轿车差点撞到了我，我差点被撞死。被撞死是过去可能发生而实际并没有发生的事情，因此要用might
have
been
killed。
【答案】B
【名师点睛】may/might
have
+
过去分词表示对过去已经发生的事进行推测判断，一般只用于肯定句或否定句中（疑问句中用can或could），may/might的意思是＂可能，也许＂，may/might的意思是＂可能不（没有）＂。
Nobody
stopped
him;
he
might
have
been
a
passenger’s
child.
没人制止他，他或许是一个旅客的孩子。
It’s
no
use
going
to
his
house.
He
may
not
have
gone
home;
he
may
have
gone
somewhere
else.
去他家没有用，他可能没有回家，可能去别的地方了。
注意：might
have
+
过去分词可用来表示过去可能发生而没有发生的事情。
You
were
so
careless
that
day.
You
might
have
made
a
bad
mistake.
那天你太粗心了，你有可能犯错误的。（事实上并没有犯错）
1.＂must
have
done＂
表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成＂一定做过某事＂，该结构只用于肯定句。
It
must
have
rained
last
night,
for
the
ground
is
wet.
昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。
You
must
have
been
mad
to
speak
to
the
servant.
你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。
2.＂can’t
have
done＂
表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。
Mr
Smith
can’t
have
gone
to
Beijing,
for
I
saw
him
in
the
library
just
now.
史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
Mary
can’t
have
stolen
your
money.
She
has
gone
home.
玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。
3.＂can
have
done＂
表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。
There
is
no
light
in
the
room.
Can
they
have
gone
out?
屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？
There
is
nowhere
to
find
them.
Where
can
they
have
gone?
到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？
4.＂could
have
done＂
是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。
He
could
have
passed
the
exam,
but
he
was
too
careless.
本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。
5.＂may
have
done＂
表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是＂可能已经＂或＂也许已经＂，用于肯定句中。
—What
has
happened
to
George?
乔治发生了什么事？
—I
don’t
know.
He
may
have
got
lost.
我不知道，他可能迷路了。
6.＂might
have
done＂
表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
She
might
have
achieved
greater
progress,
if
you
had
given
her
more
chances.
如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得了更大的成绩。
7.＂would
have
done＂
虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。
I
would
have
told
you
all
about
the
boy’s
story,
but
you
didn’t
ask
me.
我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。
8.＂should
have
done＂
意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实际没做＂。＂shouldn’t+have+done＂表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含义。
Tom,
you
are
too
lazy.
The
work
should
have
been
finished
yesterday.
汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
Look,
Tom
is
crying.
I
shouldn’t
have
been
so
harsh
on
him.
看，汤姆哭了，我本不应该对他如此严厉的。
9.＂ought
to
have
done＂
表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成＂理应做……＂，往往表示遗憾。与＂should
have
done＂用法基本一样。
I
ought
to
have
gone
home
last
Sunday.
我理应上星期日回家。
You
ought
not
to
have
given
him
more
help.
你不应该帮助他那么多。
10.＂need
have
done＂
表示本来需要做某事而实际没有做。＂needn’t
have
done＂则表示＂本来不需要做某事而实际做了＂
I
needn’t
have
bought
so
much
wine
—
only
five
people
came.
我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。
He
need
have
hurried
to
the
station.
In
that
case,
he
wouldn’t
have
missed
the
train.
他本来需要快点去车站的，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。
易错点3
虚拟语气时态的误用
1.
I
_________
through
that
bitter
period
without
your
generous
help.
________________________________________
【错因分析】此题考生容易误认为空格处表示现在的情况，用＂would+动词原形＂，从而填成了wouldn’t
go，实际上这是对过去的假设。
【试题解析】句意：如果没有你的慷慨帮助我不能度过那段艰难的时期。度过那段艰难的时期是过去发生的事情，因此这里是对过去发生的事情的假设，又因这里表示否定意义，因此要用couldn’t
have
done。
【参考答案】couldn’t
have
gone
________________________________________
虚拟语气中，主句用＂would
/
might
/
could
+
动词原形＂表示现在或将来的情况，用＂would
/
might
/
could
+
have
+
过去分词＂表示过去的情况。
1.（2018·北京卷）They
might
have
found
a
better
hotel
if
they
_________
a
few
more
kilometers.
A.
drove
B.
would
drive
C.
were
to
drive
D.
had
driven
【解析】：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they
might
have
found
a
better
hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if
____
a
few
more
kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。
【答案】D
2.
But
for
their
help,
we
_______
the
program
in
time.
A.
cannot
finish
B.
will
not
finish
C.
had
not
finished
D.
could
not
have
finished
【解析】：句意：要不是他们的帮助，我们不会按时完成这个项目。考生容易误选C项，原因是没有注意到but
for
their
help这一含蓄条件。由语境可知，这里表示与过去的事实相反，所以主句应该用would
/could
/
might
/
should
+
have
done结构。
【答案】D
【名师点睛】
（1）有些句子中，没有任何表示虚拟语气的词、短语或从句，但仍要用虚拟语气。这时，要么是省略了表示虚拟语气的部分，要么是隐含在上下文之中。
We
would
have
made
a
lot
of
money.
我们本来能够挣很多钱的。
（2）用介词代替条件状语从句。常见的介词有：with，without，but
for等。
But
for
the
rain
(=If
it
had
not
been
for
the
rain),
we
would
have
finished
the
work.
要不是下雨，我们就完成这项工作了。
Without
electricity
(=If
there
were
no
electricity),
life
would
be
quite
different
today.
如果没有电，今天的生活就会是另一个样子。
（3）用but，otherwise，or
else等由真实语气转化为虚拟语气或反之。
The
captain
kept
calm
in
the
terrible
storm,
otherwise
the
accident
wouldn’t
have
been
prevented.
船长在可怕的大风暴中显得很镇静，否则一场事故不可避免。
3.
It
is
hard
for
me
to
imagine
what
I
would
be
doing
today
if
I
____________
in
love,
at
the
age
of
seven,
with
the
Melinda
Cox
Library
in
my
hometown.
A.
wouldn’t
have
fallen
B.
had
not
fallen
C.
should
fall
D.
were
to
fall
【解析】：本题考查错综时间条件句中虚拟语气的用法。主句由today可以看出是对现在情况的虚拟，而条件句则是对过去情况的虚拟，因此要用had
not
fallen。本题易误选A项，原因是忽视了前后两句话时间的不一致性。
【答案】B　
【名师点睛】错综条件句就是虚拟条件主句和从句的动作发生的时间不一致，因此，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。
If
I
were
you,
I
would
not
have
missed
the
film
last
night.
如果我是你，我不会错过昨晚的电影。
If
they
had
started
in
the
early
morning,
they
would
arrive
in
half
an
hour.
如果他们清早就出发，那么再有半个小时就到了。
时态类型
主句谓语形式
条件句的谓语形式
例句
与现在事实相反
would
/
should
/
could
/
might
+
动词原形
动词过去式did
be
多用were　
If
I
were
you,
I
should
study
English.
I
would
certainly
go
if
I
had
time.
与过去事实相反
would
/
should
/
could
/
might
+
have
done
动词过去完成式
had
done
If
you
had
taken
my
advice,
you
would
not
have
failed
in
the
test.
If
I
had
left
a
little
earlier,
I
would
have
caught
the
train.
与将来事实相反
would
/
should
/
could
/
might
+
动词原形
动词过去式
If
you
came
tomorrow,
we
would
have
the
meeting.
If
it
were
to
rain
tomorrow,
the
meeting
would
be
put
off.
should
+
动词原形
were
+
to
do　
注意：
1.
would/should/could/might
主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称；would表示结果还表示过去经常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：
If
you
tried
again,
you
would
succeed.
要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。
(would表结果)
If
you
tried
again,
you
might
succeed.
要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。
(might表可能)
If
you
tried
again,
you
could
succeed.
要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)
2.
错综时间虚拟条件句
即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：
If
it
had
rained
last
night,
the
ground
would
be
wet
now.
要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。
You
would
be
much
better
now
if
you
had
taken
my
advice.
假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。
3.
If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句）
常考两个句型：If
it
weren’t
for...和If
it
hadn’t
been
for...，其意为＂若不是(有)＂
＂要不是＂。
If
it
weren’t
for
water,
no
plant
could
grow.
要是没有水植物就无法生长。
If
it
hadn’t
been
for
your
assistance,
we
wouldn’t
have
succeeded.
=But
for
your
assistance,
we
wouldn’t
have
succeeded.
=Without
your
assistance,
we
wouldn’t
have
succeeded.
要是没有你的支持，我们不会成功的。
4.
If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were，had，should置于句首。
Were
I
in
school
again
(=
If
I
were
in
school
again),
I
would
study
harder.
如果我再上学，我一定更加努力地学习。
Had
you
asked
me,
I
would
have
told
you.
=If
you
had
asked
me,
I
would
have
told
you.
要是你问我的话，我就告诉你了。
易错点4
忽视名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法
1.
The
doctor
recommended
that
you
______________
swim
after
eating
a
large
meal.
A.
wouldn’t
B.
couldn’t
C.
needn’t
D.
shouldn’t
________________________________________
【错因分析】考生容易误选B项，原因是不知道recommend的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气。
【试题解析】句意：医生建议你在大吃一顿后不要游泳。recommended后的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可以省略。
【参考答案】D
________________________________________
2.
It
is
important
that
we
______________.
A.
shall
close
the
window
before
we
leave
B.
will
close
the
window
before
we
1eave
C.
must
close
the
window
before
we
leave
D.
close
the
window
before
we
1eave
________________________________________
【错因分析】考生容易误选C项，原因是没有掌握主语从句中用虚拟语气的用法。
【试题解析】It
is
important(necessary，strange)
that...主语从句中，谓语用should
+
动词原形表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。
【参考答案】D
________________________________________
表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词（如：advise建议，command命令，demand要求，desire渴望，insist坚持，intend打算，propose提议，order命令，require需要，request要求，recommend劝告）后的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可以省略。
I
suggest
that
we
(should)
set
off
at
once.
我建议我们应该立刻出发。
1.（2018·江苏卷）There
is
a
good
social
life
in
the
village,
and
I
wish
I
_______
a
second
chance
to
become
more
involved.
A.
had
B.
will
have
C.
would
have
had
D.
have
had
【解析】：考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
【答案】A
2.
I’m
ashamed
that
you
______________(do)
such
a
thing.
【解析】：作某些形容词或相当于形容词的过去分词的宾语的that从句，其谓语是＂should+动词原形＂或＂should
+
have
+
过去分词＂，此处从句是过去时态，因此要填should
have
done。
【答案】should
have
done
【名师点睛】在It
is+形容词/名词/过去分词+主语从句的句式中，主语从句用should
+
动词原形，should可以省略。这类形容词或分词有：determined决定的，commanded命令的，arranged安排的，anxious焦急的，important重要的，desired想要，asked请求，natural自然的，insisted坚持，necessary必要的，suggested建议，ordered命令，proposed提议，requested要求的，required要求的，recommended推荐，possible可能的，a
pity可惜的是等。
It
is
necessary
that
he
(should)
be
sent
there
at
once.
有必要立刻派他去那里。
It
is
suggested
that
the
meeting
(should)
be
put
off
till
next
week.
有人建议会议推迟到下星期。
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
1.
wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
We
hope
they
will
come.
(We
don’t
know
if
they
can
come.
我不知道他们是否会来。)
We
wish
they
could
come.
(We
know
they
are
not
coming.
我知道他们不会来。)
2.
if
only
与
I
wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与
wish后所接时态的情况相同：
If
only
she
had
had
more
courage!
她再勇敢一些就好了。
If
only
I
had
listened
to
my
parents!
我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
If
only
she
would
go
with
me!
她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
★
if
only
通常独立使用，没有主句。
3.
would
rather后的句子用虚拟语气只分现在和过去
在would
rather后的that从句中，句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气，
表示宁愿做什么，具体用法为：
（1）一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I’d
rather
you
went
tomorrow
(now).
我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
（2）用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I’d
rather
you
hadn’t
said
it.
我真希望你没有这样说过。
4.
as
if
(though)从句用虚拟语气
以as
if
(as
though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，与wish用法相同。
He
acts
as
if
he
knew
me.
他显得认识我似的。
They
treat
me
as
though
I
were
a
stranger.
他们待我如陌生人。
He
talks
as
if
he
had
been
abroad.
他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
★
注意：（1）从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：
It
looks
as
if
we’ll
be
late.
我们似乎要迟到了。
（2）It
isn’t
as
if...
的翻译：
It
isn’t
as
if
he
were
poor.
他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
5.
从句中should+动词原形，should可省略
（1）在
lest,
for
fear
that(
以免),
in
case(以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气。
She
walked
quietly
lest
she
(should)
wake
up
her
roommates.
她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
（2）表应当做值得做一类动词后的宾语从句
建议advise,
suggest,
propose,
recommend
命令order,
command
请求ask,
demand,
require,
request
指示direct
敦促urge
提议move,
vote
希望desire
坚持insist
打算intend
安排arrange
试比较下列句子：
I
insisted
that
he
(should)
stay.
我坚持要他留下。
He
urged
that
they
go
to
Europe.
他敦促他们到欧洲去。
He
suggested
that
we
should
leave
early.
他建议我们早点动身。
He
ordered
that
it
(should)
be
sent
back.
他命令把它送回去。
He
requires
that
I
(should)
appear.
他要求我出场。
The
general
directed
that
the
prisoners
should
be
set
free.
将军指示释放那些俘虏。
suggest表＂暗示＂，insist表＂坚持认为＂不用虚拟语气。
比较：
He
insisted
that
I
had
read
his
letter.
他坚持说我看过他的信。
He
insisted
that
I
should
read
his
letter.
他坚持要我看他的信。
He
suggested
that
we
(should)
stay
for
dinner.
他建议我们留下吃饭。
I
suggested
that
you
had
a
secret
understanding
with
him.
我觉得你与他心照不宣。
（3）order,
suggestion,
idea,
plan,
proposal,
advice,
demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句。
Our
suggestion
is
that
you（should）be
the
first
to
go.
我们的建议是你应该第一个去。
（4）advice,
agreement,
command,
decision,
decree,
demand,
determination,
indication,
insistence,
order,
preference,
proposal,
request,
requirement,
stipulation,
suggestion,
idea,
plan,
order
上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词
或important，natural，strange，necessary，surprised，appropriate等形容词后的主语从句。
It
is
ordered
that
the
army
(should)
get
there
by
4
a.m.
军队必须在上午4点之前到达那里.
6.
It’s
time后的从句用虚拟语气：从句谓语通常用过去式表示
(早)该干某事了，有时也用过去进行时或＂should+动词原形＂(较少见，且should不能省略)。
It’s
time
I
was
in
bed.
我该上床睡了。(不用were)
注意：It’s
time
=
It
is
(the
very/high/right/about)
time。
7.
wish引导的虚拟语气
（1）表示与现在事实相反的愿望，构成：主语
+
wish
(that)
+从句主语+动词过去式（be一律用were）。
I
wish
I
knew
everything
in
the
world.
我希望我知道世界上的一切。
I
wish
that
the
experiment
were
a
success.
我希望实验是成功的。
（2）表示与过去事实相反的愿望，构成：主语
+
wish
(that)
+
从句主语
+
would/could
+
have
+
过去分词或had
+
过去分词。
I
wish
that
you
had
called
yesterday.
我希望你昨天打来电话。
I
didn’t
go
to
the
party,
but
I
do
wish
I
had
been
there.
我没有去参加聚会，但我真希望我去过那儿。
（3）表示将来不大可能实现的愿望，构成：主语
+
wish
(that)
+
从句主语
+
would/should/could/might
+
原形动词。
I
wish
that
he
could
try
again.
我希望他能再试一次。
I
wish
that
someday
I
should
live
on
the
moon.
我希望有一天我能在月球上生活。
I.
单项填空
1.（2019·天津卷）The
workers
were
not
better
organized,
otherwise
they
____________
the
task
in
half
the
time.
A.
accomplished
B.
had
accomplished
C.
would
accomplish
D.
would
have
accomplished
【答案】D
【解析】：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好地组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the
workers
were
not
better
organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设，其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would,
could,
might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。
2.（2018·天津卷）I
can't
find
my
purse.
I___________
it
in
the
supermarket
yesterday,
but
I'm
not
sure.
A.
should
leave
B.
must
have
left
C.
might
leave
D.
could
have
left
【答案】D
【解析】：考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+
have
done，再根据后句but
I’m
not
sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。
3.（2018·天津）If
we
___________the
flight
yesterday,
we
would
be
enjoying
our
holiday
on
the
beach
A.
had
caught
B.
caught
C.
have
caught
D.
would
catch
【答案】A
【解析】：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had
+
v-ed。故选A。
4.（2018·江苏）It’s
strange
that
he
_______
have
taken
the
books
without
the
owner’s
permission.
A.
would
B.
should
C.
could
D.
might
【答案】B
【解析】：考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It
is
important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural
that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。
5.
The
law
is
equally
applied
to
everyone.
No
one
_______
be
above
it.
A.
shall
B.
must
C.
may
D.
need
【答案】A
【解析】：考查情态动词。句意：法律面前人人平等。没有人能凌驾于法律之上。A.
shall用于第二、第三人称，则含有命令、警告、允诺或威胁的语气。B.
must（必须，一定）用于肯定句。C.
may（可以，能够）表允许时一般不与第三人称连用。D.
need
(表示没有必要或询问是否有必要)
需要，故选A。
6.
—I
spend
two
weeks
in
Beijing
last
year.
—Then
you
must
have
visited
the
Great
Wall
during
your
stay,
________
you?
A.
mustn’t
B.
didn’t
C.
haven’t
D.
hadn’t
【答案】B
【解析】：考查情态动词。句意：——去年我在北京待了两周。——那么你在逗留期间一定参观过长城，是吗？题中last
summer表示的是一个确定的过去时间，可认定must
have
visited是对“过去”的推断，用一般过去时反问。此处是反意疑问句，前半句肯定，后半句应该用否定形式，故选B。
7.
The
bus
would
not
have
run
into
the
river
________
for
the
bad
tempered
lady.
A.
if
it
were
not
B.
had
it
not
been
C.
if
it
would
not
be
D.
should
it
not
be
【答案】B
【解析】：考查if从句的虚拟语气。句意：要不是那位坏脾气的女士，公共汽车是不会掉进河里的。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，从句用过去完成时态，从句中有had则if省略，把助动词had提到主语前面，故选B。
8.
If
she
________
generous
as
she
makes
out,
she
would
have
donated
more
money
in
the
catastrophe.
A.
had
been
B.
were
C.
would
be
D.
was
【答案】B
【解析】：考查虚拟语气。从句首的if（如果）与主句的would
have
done（早就做……）可判断本题考查虚拟语气，并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设，所以if从句用一般过去式，be动词要用were。虚拟语气中，be动词的一般过去时只能用were不能用was，故选B。
9.
—Where
are
you
going
to
hang
the
picture?
—I
haven’t
decided
yet.
I
______________
hang
it
in
the
dining
room.
A.
might
B.
must
C.
need
D.
would
【答案】A
【解析】：考查情态动词。句意：——你准备把这幅画挂在哪？——我还不确定，可能会把它挂在餐厅。根据前一句可知，此人并不确定要把这幅画挂在哪，may/might可表示＂可能性＂，故选A。
10.
If
you
were
to
have
a
few
minutes
free,
I
______________
the
opportunity
to
ask
you
one
more
question.
A.
would
appreciate
B.
would
have
appreciated
C.
were
to
appreciate
D.
had
appreciate
d
【答案】A
【解析】：考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你有几分钟的空闲时间，我将会珍惜这个机会再问您一个问题。将来时的虚拟语气中，从句为：if
+
主语+were
to
do/should
do/动词过去式，主句为：主语+should/would
+do，故选A。
11.
We
______________
be
careful
with
the
words
we
say
when
we
are
angry.
A.
may
B.
can
C.
might
D.
should
【答案】D
【解析】：考查情态动词。句意：当我们生气的时候我们应该注意我们的话。should表＂应该＂，符合语境，故选D。
12.
After
making
the
speech,
he
went
through
it
in
his
mind
to
reflect
where
he
______________
better.
A.
could
do
B.
would
do
C.
could
have
done
D.
would
have
done
【答案】C
【解析】：考查情态动词与虚拟语气。句意：演讲完成之后，他在脑子里想了一遍，反省还有哪些地方他本来可以做得更好。could
have
done表示未曾实现的能力：即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为＂本来可以＂＂本来能够＂等，故选C。
13.
One
of
our
rules
is
that
every
student
______________
wear
school
uniform
while
at
school.
A.
might
B.
could
C.
shall
D.
will
【答案】C
【解析】：考查情态动词。句意：我们的规定就是每个学生在校期间都要穿校服。shall用于第二、第三人称，表示警告、命令、允诺、威胁等，本句是规定。故C正确。
14.
Obviously,
a
good
habit
______________
help
us
to
speed
up
to
reach
our
destinations.
A.
need
B.
must
C.
can
D.
shall
【答案】C
【解析】：考查情态动词。句意：显而易见，一个好习惯能帮助我们加速到达目的地。need需要；must必须；can能；shall应该，故选C。
15.
—Can’t
you
drive
a
little
faster?
—No.
If
I
______________
another
speeding
ticket,
my
dad
would
take
away
my
car.
A.
would
get
B.
would
have
got
C.
had
got
D.
got
【答案】D
【解析】：考查虚拟语气。句意：——你就不能开得更快一点吗？——不能。如果我再有一个超速罚单，我爸爸就会带走我的车。根据语境可知，表示与现在事实相反，所以用一般过去时。故选D。
16.
—What
if
I
had
parked
my
car
here
just
now?
—What
luck!
You
______________.
A.
would
have
been
fined
B.
should
be
fined
C.
would
be
fined
D.
must
have
been
fined
【答案】A
【解析】：考查虚拟语气。表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构：If
...had
done
...,...would(might,
could)
have
done...，所以选A。句意：——刚才如果我把车子停到这里会怎么样？——你太幸运了，如果那样，你可能要被罚款了。
17.
You
______________
worry
about
me.
I’ve
decided
to
join
a
local
health
club.
A.
mustn’t
B.
can’t
C.
needn’t
D.
daren’t
【答案】C
【解析】：考查情态动词。句意：你不必为我担心。我已经决定加入本地的健身俱乐部了。A.
mustn’t不可以；B.
can’t
不可能，不能；C.
needn’t不必；D.
daren’t不敢。结合句意可知选C。
18.
The
first
thing
you
must
remember
is
that
in
order
to
succeed,
it
is
almost
compulsory
that
you
______________
optimistic.
A.
be
B.
are
C.
must
be
D.
have
been
【答案】A
【解析】：考查虚拟语气。句意：你必须记住的第一件事就是为了成功你一定要乐观。It
is
necessary
/
compulsory
/
important
/
strange
that...句式中，主语从句用should
+
动词原形，should可以省略。
II.
单句语法填空
1.
—Can’t
you
stay
a
little
longer?
—It’s
getting
late.
I
really
______________
go
now.
My
daughter
is
home
alone.
【答案】must
【解析】：考查情态动词。句意：——你不能再多待一会儿吗？——天要黑了，我真的现在必须走了，我的女儿独自待在家里。must必须，符合语境。
2.
You
______________
feel
all
the
training
a
waste
of
time,
but
I’m
a
hundred
percent
sure
later
you’ll
be
grateful
you
did
it.
【答案】may
【解析】：考查情态动词。句意：你也许会认为所有的培训都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百地保证你以后会感激你所做的事情。根据后文的描述可以看出此处培训还没有结束，是一种不肯定的推测语气。
3.
You
______________
be
careful
with
the
camera.
It
costs!
【答案】must
【解析】：考查情态动词。句意：你一定要非常小心地对待这部照相机，它很昂贵。此处表示命令语气。
4.
It
______________
be
the
postman
at
the
door.
It’s
only
six
o’clock.
【答案】can’t
【解析】：考查情态动词。句意：不可能是邮递员在门口，才六点钟呢。根据后一句中＂现在仅仅六点＂，可知，前一句为＂门外的绝不可能是邮递员＂。故用can’t。
5.
Ellen
is
a
fantastic
dancer.
I
wish
I
______________
(dance)
as
well
as
her.
【答案】danced
【解析】：考查虚拟语气。句意：艾伦是一位出色的舞者，我希望我能像她跳得那么好。wish后跟宾语从句时，从句中需要用虚拟语气，从句中用did表示对现在事实的虚拟。
6.
It
is
lucky
we
booked
a
room,
or
we
______________
(have)
nowhere
to
stay
now.
【答案】would
have
【解析】：考查虚拟语气。句意：很幸运我们订了一个房间，否则我们现在将无处可住。引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if
we
hadn’t
booked
a
room,
we
would
have
nowhere
to
stay
now，根据＂now＂可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would＋动词原形。
7.
—Did
you
visit
the
famous
cultural
relics
last
month?
—No,
we
______________
(visit)
it,
but
we
spent
too
much
time
shopping.
【答案】could
have
visited
【解析】：考查情态动词。我们＂本能够＂去的，但是我们花太多时间购物，所以没能去。could
have
done本能够做某事(但没做成)。
8.
He
walked
in
as
if
he
______________
(buy)
the
school,
and
the
word
quickly
got
around
that
he
was
from
New
York
City.
【答案】had
bought
【解析】：考查虚拟语气。在人称代词he后，显然是作谓语；又因他不可能是买下了这所学校，故应用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填had
bought。
9.
I
recommend
that
you
______________
(try)
.
【答案】(should)
try
【解析】：考查虚拟语气。recommend,
suggest,
request,
command等后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，即should
＋动词原形，should可省略。
10.
All
the
students
______________
put
on
masks
before
going
to
school
in
case
they
are
infected
with
flu
virus.
【答案】shall
【解析】：考查情态动词。所有学生应在去学校之前带上口罩以防感染流感。shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
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