2021年外研版英语中考专题复习讲义：时态（含答案）

中考英语复习专题—六大时态
学员姓名： 年 级：初三 课 时 数：3 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 讲义审核：
授课主题 六大时态的区分与运用
教学目标 掌握六大时态的基本构成与用法
教学重难点 1.掌握单项选择中的时态常考易混点
2.减少在作文上的时态语态语法错误
授课日期及时段
教学内容
以下为广东省近8年的动词时态考题，观察动词时态的考察方向，尝试写出考点。
历年中考真题
考点
1. —Your shoes are so old. Why don’t you buy a new pair?【2013广东】
—Because I ______ all my money on an MP5.
A. spend B. have spent C. am spending D. was spending
语境
现在完成时
2. — I didn't see you at the beginning of the party last night.【2014广东】
— I __ ___ on my biology report at that time.
A. worked B. work C. was working D. am working
时间标志词
过去进行时
3. ——What do you think of the new foreign teacher Thomson?【2014广东】
——Pretty good. I think he _ ___ a great job so far.
A. does B. did C. has done D. was done
时间标志词
现在完成时
4. Don’t disturb Allen now. He ______ for the Spelling Bee competition. 【2015广东】
A.prepares B.prepared C.is preparing D.will prepare
语境
现在进行时
5. Lei Feng ______ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us. 【2015广东】
A.died B.has died C.was dead D.has been dead
时间标志词
现在完成时
6.With the development of science and technology, robot cooks______in our families in the future.【2016广东】
A. appear
B. appeared
C. will appear
D. were appearing
时间标志词
一般将来时
7.School violence______much attention of the whole society and people are calling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible.【2016广东】
A. drew
B. will draw
C. has drawn
D. was drawing
语境
现在完成时
8. Sue wasn’t happy because she _______ the concert given by her favorite singer.【2017广东】
A. misses B. missed C. will miss D. is missing
复合句时态呼应
一般过去时
9. Betty ___________ hard since last term. That’s why her exam results are so good!【2017广东】
A. has worked B. will work C. worked D. was working
时间标志词
现在完成时
10．It is said that the number of forest Parks in Guangdong_____to more than 1,000?so far．【2018广东】
A．increase ???B．increased ???C．has increased ???D．will increase
时间标志词
现在完成时
10．—I saw the light of your room was still on at two o’clock last night．【2018广东】
—Oh,?I ____a football match of the Russia World Cup．
A．watched ???B．was watched ???C．am watching ???D．was watching
语境+上下文时态信息
过去进行时
12. My father ____ in a panda protection center for 10 years, so he knows a lot about panda. 【2019广东】
A. was working B. is working C. has worked D. will work
时间标志词
现在完成时
— “What do you think of when you see a kite?”her dad asked.【2020广东】
— Judie thought for a moment and?____,“ Butterflies.”
A.answers
B.answered
C.will answer
D.has answered
语境+上下文时态信息
一般过去时
知识梳理
目标一：各时态用法
目标二：中考动词时态考点分析
专题精讲
英文主要用谓语动词来表示时间上的变化，要正确掌握各种时态的形式构成。
现在时
过去时
将来时
一般
一般现在时
do
一般过去时
did
一般将来时
①will/shall do ②be going to do
进行
现在进行时
be doing
过去进行时
was/were doing
完成
现在完成时
have done
【对点练习】以work为例，在对应时态的方框里填入谓语结构。
现在时
过去时
将来时
一般
进行
完成
然后着重掌握不同时态形式背后的意义表达。
意义
核心意义
例句
说明
类比
一般时态
完整、不变
John lives in Foshan.
没有进一步发展和变化的可能。
静态的油画
进行时态
不完整、未完成
John is living in Foshan.
存在发生变化的可能。
动态的沙画
图文解说时态：
一般情况下，表示现在正在发生的动作，用现在进行时；表示过去发生的动作用一般过去时；表示将来要发生的动作用一般将来时；表示过去、现在、将来都发生的动作用一般现在时。
①She is crying now.（现在进行时）
②She cried loudly yesterday.（一般过去时）
③I will get up at six tomorrow.（一般将来时）
④We have breakfast at seven every day.（一般现在时）
各时态用法
一、一般现在时：
考点一：
1.概念：经常发生的动作或存在的某种状态。
2.常见时间标志：always , usually , often , sometimes , every week (day, year, month…),etc.
3.谓语构成：①系动词be要用：am，is，are
②实义动词：用动词原形或第三人称单数形式
eg: I am a boy.
We always help each other.
考点二：
当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即：动词be用is，动词have用has，行为动词在其后加-s或-es。主要体现在其词尾的变化上。
动词第三人称单数变化规则
规则
原形
第三人称单数形式
1. 一般情况+s：
let????
get
take
________?
________
________
2. 以s, x, ch, sh和o结尾+es：
guess
finish
teach
go
do
________
________
________
________
________
3.以-y结尾
以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i+es
study
try?
worry? ?
________
________
________
以元音字母（a, e, i, o, u）加y结尾，直接+s
play??
say
buy
________
________
________
4.不规则变化
have
be
________
________
【注意】1. 只有在第三人称为主语的肯定句中，动词才用三单式
2. 动词第三人称“单数”要与名词“复数”区分开来
【对点练习】用括号内动词的适当形式填空
We/You(你们)/They (go) to school every day.
Tom and Mike (like) playing basketball.
His children (enjoy) watching cartoons.
Tom (help) his mother with housework on Sunday.
My brother (wash) his clothes himself.
He/She (keep) a diary every day.
答案：go/ like/ enjoy/ helps/ washes/ keeps
考点三：
① be动词：在一般现在时态中有am/is/are三种形式。其句式如下：
be动词
肯定句
I am...
He/She/It is...
We/You/They are...
My bike is...
My bikes...
I am a boy.
否定句
I am not...
He/She/It is not...
We/You/They are not...
He is not a worker.
一般疑问句
Is he/she/it...?
Are you/they...?
---Are you a student?
一般疑问句的回答
Yes,主语+am/is/are.
No,主语+am not/isn’t/aren’t.
　---Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句
疑问词+is...?
疑问词+are...？
Where is my bike?
②行为动词：在一般现在时态中由动词原形或第三人称单数形式表示。
行为动词
肯定句
主语+动词原形...
主语+动词三单式...
We often play basketball after school.
否定句
主语+ don’t+动词原形...
主语+ doesn’t+动词原形...
We don’t play basketball after school.
一般疑问句
Do +主语+动词原形...
Does +主语+动词原形...
---Do you often play basketball after school?
一般疑问句的回答
Yes,主语+do./No,主语+don’t.
Yes,主语+does./No,主语+doesn’t.
---Yes, we do. / No, we don't.
特殊疑问句
疑问词+do+主语+动词原形...?
疑问词+does+主语+动词原形...?
What do you often do after school?
be动词的变化
1.当主语为第一人称单数I时： I am ；第一人称复数we时： ；
2.当主语为第二人称单数you时： ；第二人称复数you时： ；
3.当主语为第三人称单数she/he/it时： ；第三人称复数they时： 。
此外：当主语为名词单数时，be动词为is（My bike ）；
当主语为名词复数时，be动词为are（My bikes ）。
【对点练习】
1.根据要求改写下列句子。
He has a walk in the park every day.?
①否定句：He a walk in the park every day.?
②一般疑问句： he a walk in the park every day? ---Yes, he . / No, he .
③划线提问?：Where he a walk in the park every day?
2.造句。
①孩子们不喜欢家庭作业。
②她英语说得好。
答案：1.①doesn't/have ②Does/have/ does/ doesn't ③does/ have
2.①Children don't like homework. ② She speaks English well.
考点四：
什么情况下要用一般现在时
1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。
常见时间标志：always , usually , often , sometimes , seldom, never, once a year…, every…
例：I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. 我每天早上7点左右离开家去学校。（经常性动作）
2. 描述主语现在所具备的个性、特征、能力等，目的是为了“描述现阶段的动作或者状态”。
例：I don’t want so much. 我不想要太多。（现在的状态）
　　 Wang An writes good English but doesn't speak well. 王安英语写得很好但是说的不好。（现在的状态）
3. 陈述客观事实，普遍真理；或格言、谚语。
　例：The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
　　 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海市在中国的东部。
【对点练习】
1．Mary is a kind girl. She often _______ her classmates with their homework.
A． help B． helps C． is helping D． helped
【答案】B【解析】句意：玛丽是一个善良的女孩，她经常帮助她的同学做作业。根据often判断，经常性的动作用一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数，因此动词要用三单形式，故答案为B。
2．I_______football quite well, but I haven't had time to play since the new year.
A． will play B． have played C． played D． play
【答案】D【解析】句意：我足球踢的相当好，但是自从新年我就没有时间去踢了。根据“but I haven't had time to play since the new year”。是现在完成时，根据语境可知前文表达的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故选D。
3．—My grandma looking at that photo on the wall.
—I can understand. It helps her remember her childhood.
A． enjoys B． enjoyed C． was enjoying D． will enjoy
【答案】A【解析】句意：——我奶奶喜欢看墙上的那个照片。——我能理解，它能帮她想起她的童年。A. enjoys喜欢， 用于一般现在时态 ，主语单三时； B. enjoyed 喜欢， 用于一般过去时态 ； C. was enjoying 喜欢， 用于过去进行时态 ，主语单三时 ； D. will enjoy喜欢， 用于一般将来时态 ； 根据It helps her remember her childhood.可知用一般现在时态；故选A
4．________Mike ________his homework in the evening
A． Do, do B． Do, does C .Does, do
【答案】C【解析】句意：迈克晚上做作业吗？实意动词作谓语时，它的一般疑问句用助动词do或does。Mike为单数，因此助动词用does；后面的谓语动词用原形。故选C。
5．Every year many foreigners ________ to China to learn Chinese.
A． come B． came C． have come D． will come
【答案】A【解析】句意：每年，很多外国人来到中国来学习汉语。come来，动词原形；came是come的过去式；have come现在完成时；will come一般将来时态。根据句中的时间状语Every year可知，这里表示经常性的动作，应用一般现在时态，主语是many foreigners，复数，动词用原形，故选A。
【拓展】
1.常考点：“坚持真理”。在宾语从句中，只要是客观真理，不管主句用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时态。
eg: The teacher said the sun is bigger than the moon.
2.表将来：
“定期定点运行”。come, go, arrive, return, leave, start, begin, stop, open, close等动词常用一般现在时表按规定、计划将要发生的动作。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。
eg: The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
School starts at eight.
“主将从现”。在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情：
eg: When Bill comes (不用will come), ask him to wait for me.
【拓展练习】
① –What would you do if it ___ tomorrow? –We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything already.
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
② The Chinese dream ______ true if everyone works hard enough.
come B. comes C. will come D. came
③ We will go to Tian’anmen Square to watch the raising of national flag if it ______ tomorrow.
will rain B. rains C. doesn’t rain D. won’t rain
答案：BCB
二、一般过去时：
考点一：
1.概念：表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为；过去主语所具备的能力和性格。
2.常有表示过去的时间状语：yesterday, last?night, two days?ago, before, just now, in+过去的年份等。
3.谓语构成：①系动词be要用：was或were ②实义动词：用过去式
eg: Last week we asked our students about their free time activities.
注意区别：
He often goes swimming.他经常去游泳。
He often went swimming in 2017. 2017年的时候，他经常去游泳。
考点二：
动词过去式规则变化
规则
原形
第三人称单数形式
1.一般情况+ed：
work????
clean
________?
________
2.以不发音e结尾+d
close
like
________
________
3.以辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i+ed
study
try?
worry? ?
________
________
________
4.以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后辅音字母+ed
stop
plan
________
________
动词过去式不规则变化
【对点练习】
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.
2.Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning.
3.There _________ (be) no one here a moment ago.
4.She watches TV every evening. But she ______ _______ (not watch) TV last night.
5.Did she ________ (have) supper at home?
答案： came/ read/ was/ didn’t watch/ have
考点三：
一般过去时的句式基本结构
构成及变化
例句
be动词的变化
1.当主语为第一人称单数I时： I was ；第一人称复数we时： ；
2.当主语为第二人称单数you时： ；第二人称复数you时： ；
3.当主语为第三人称单数she/he/it时： ；第三人称复数they时： 。
此外：当主语为名词单数时，be动词为was（My bike ）；
当主语为名词复数时，be动词为were（My bikes ）。
①肯定句：主语+be (was, were)+其它。
I was a student.
②否定句：主语+ be (was, were) + not +其它。
He was not a worker.
③一般疑问句：Be (Was, Were) +主语+其它?
---Are you a student? ---Yes. I was. / No, I wasn’t.
④特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句?
Where was my bike?
行为动词的变化
①肯定句：主语 + 动词的过去式。
I watched a film last Sunday .
②否定句：主语+ didn’t + 动词原形。
I didn’t watch a film last Sunday .
③一般疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形?
---Did you watch a film last Sunday ?
---Yes, I did . / No , I didn’t .
④特殊疑问句：疑问词+ 以did 开头的一般疑问句?
What did you do last Sunday ?
一般现在时和一般过去时的否定句和一般疑问句变型步骤：
【1找】找句子中是否有be动词
（如果有be动词，否定句直接在相应be动词后加not；一般疑问句则直接把相应的be动词提前）
例：She is a teacher. 【句子中有be动词---is】
She is not (=isn’t) a teacher. 【否定句在is后加not】
Is she a teacher? 【一般疑问句则把is提前，句号变问号】
【2补】如果句子中没有be动词，则根据时态，否定句补don’t，doesn’t，didn’t，一般疑问句补Do，Does，Did
例：They played basketball yesterday . 【时态是过去式，句子中没有be动词】
They didn’t play basketball yesterday. 【否定句在主语后面补didn’t】
Did they play basketball yesterday? 【一般疑问句在主语前面补Did】
【3原形】don’t，doesn’t，didn’t，Do，Does，Did后面跟动词原形！！！
【对点练习】
句型转换。
1. Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）
　Lucy ___________ ___________ her homework at home.
2. He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)
　___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?
3. She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问）
　__________ ___________ __________ she __________ there?
答案：didn't do/ Did find any/ How long did stay
考点四：
什么情况下用一般过去时
1.动作行为发生在过去；也表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作（此时常与always, never等频率副词连用）。一般不强调动作的影响，只说明的事情。
I had a word with Julia this morning. 今天早晨，我跟朱莉娅说了几句话。
Last week we asked our students about their free time activities.
2.表示过去连续发生的动作时（此时往往没有表示过去的时间状语，而通过上下文来表示）
The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain(船长), and then died.
【对点练习】
1．Lily often________ at school early, but this morning she ________late.
A． arrive；is B． arrived；were C． arrives；are D． arrives；was
【答案】D【解析】句意：莉莉经常很早到达学校，但是今天早上她迟到了。前一分句根据副词often可知用一般现在时，主语Lily是第三人称单数，故此处谓语动词用第三人称单数arrives。后一分句根据时间状语this morning可知用一般过去时，故此处为was。故选D。
2．They their holidays in Paris last summer.
A． spend B． spent C． will spend D． are spending
【答案】B【解析】句意：去年，他们在巴黎度假了。本题考查动词的时态A. spend 花费，度过，是动词原形 B. spent 度过，是动词的过去式 C. will spend 将要度过，是将来时态 D. are spending。正在度过，是现在进行时。根据题意，去年度过的。故选B。
3．—I ________ you at seven and you didn’t pick up. —I was taking a shower at that time.
A． call B． called C． am calling D． have called
【答案】B【解析】句意：——我七点钟打电话给你，你没接。——那时我正在洗澡。考查动词时态辨析题。and连接并列结构，at seven在七点钟，是过去的时间，需用一般过去时，可排除ACD三项。
4．— Could you please _____ me your CD?— Sorry, Emily ______ it an hour ago.
A． lend; borrow B． lend; borrowed C． borrow; lent D． borrow; lend
【答案】B【解析】句意：——请你借给我你的光盘，好吗？——对不起，艾米丽一小时前把它借走了。lend借走，borrow借来。第一空表示借给我你的光盘，表示借入，故用borrow。第二空表示艾米丽借走了，故用lend，根据an hour ago可知此处用一般将来时，故用一般过去时lent，故选B。
5．—What's wrong，Jenny？ —I ______ my textbook at home.
A． forget B． forgot C． leave D． left
【答案】D【解析】句意：——怎么了，詹妮？——我把课本忘在家里了。forget一般是忘记某人或某事，通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用，leave指的是将某物遗忘在某个地方，其后要接表示地点的短语。把课本忘在家里，要用动词leave，而leave这一动词是发生在过去，故用其过去式left，答案为D。
三、一般将来时
考点一：
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.常与表将来的时间状语：soon, tomorrow morning(afternoon...), next week(month...), in +一段时间(in a few days...)。
3.谓语构成: ①am/is/are going to+do ②will/shall+do
eg: I am going to do some washing tomorrow.我明天打算洗衣服。
He won’t play basketball tomorrow.他明天不打篮球。
考点二：
构成及变化
例句
1. be going to +动词原形
①肯定句：主语+ be（am / is / are）going to +动词原形+其它。
My sister is going to learn English next year.
②否定句：主语+be（am / is / are）not going to +动词原形+其它。
I am not going to（go to）the cinema tonight.
③一般疑问句：Be（am / is / are）+主语+going to+动词原形+其它?
---Is your father going to play basketball with you ?---No , he isn’t.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 ?
Where are you going to spend Spring Festival?
2. will /shall +动词原形（在书面语中，主语是第一人称时，常用shall , 在口语中，所有人称都可以用will）
肯定句：主语+will/shall+动词原形+其它。
I (shall) write to him next week.
否定句：主语 + will /shall+ not +动词原形+其它。
They won’t watch TV this evening.
一般疑问句：Will/Shall+主语+动词原形+其它成份?
Will you stay at home with us tomorrow?
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句?
When will your father be back?
【注意】will 不受主语影响，而be going to受主语影响。且be going to 与 will不能连在一起用！！！
（错）He will going to go swimming.
（错）He is going to will go swimming.
考点三：
will与be going to 的区别：
be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别：
1.猜测时有迹象表明的用be going to，只是说明自己的看法不一定有迹象的用will；如表示天气时，be going to表示已有迹象表明。
2. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如：
She is going to lend us her book.
He will be here in half an hour.
3.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：
If any beasts comes at you, I’ll stay with you and help you.
4. be going to往往表示事先经过考虑的打算；will多表示意愿，决心或临时的决定。两者有时不能互换。如：
She is studying hard and is going to try for the exams. 她正努力学习并尝试参加考试。
【对点练习】
1．-Why are you in such a hurry, John?
-There____a basketball match between Class Three and our class in ten minutes.
A． is going to be B．is going to have C．will have D．will hold
【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：--为什么你如此匆忙，约翰？--十分钟以后在三班和我们之间将有一次篮球比赛。根据in ten minutes可知，这里应该用一般将来时。have不能与there be混用；亦无there hold的搭配。考点：考查there be句型的用法。
2．There ______ an exciting party at his house this evening.
A． will have B． will be C． be D． has
【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：今天晚上在他家将有一场令人兴奋的晚会。There will be是There be句式的一般将来时态，据句意，故选B。考点：考查一般将来时态。
3．He said he _______for Beijing the next day.
A． will leave B． is leaving C． was leaving D． has been leaving
【答案】C【解析】句意：他说他明天就要去北京了。will leave一般将来时态，将要离开；is leaving是现在进行时态，表示将来；was leaving过去进行时态，表示过去将来；has been leaving现在完成进行时。根据句意可知，这里说的是将来的事情，said后跟了一个宾语从句，从句中的时态应跟主句一致，应用过去时态。故用过去将来时态，选C。
4．Mary, what’s your plan for the coming Saturday? I _____ play table tennis with my father.
A． am going B． am going to C． will going to D． go to
【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：玛丽，你对即将到来的星期六有什么计划？我要和我的父亲打乒乓球。据what’s your plan for the coming Saturday?故句子要用一般将将来时，故选B。考点：考查一般将来时态。
5．—I ______ a famous book by Mark Twain this weekend.What about you?
—I'll go shopping with my mother.
A． buy B． bought C． am buying D． am going to buy
【答案】D【解析】句意：——这周末我要去买一本马克.吐温写的名著，你呢？——我要和妈妈去购物。根据this weekend可知用将来时态；故选D。
6．If you get on well with your classmates，you ________ your school life better.
A． enjoy B． will enjoy C． enjoyed D． are enjoying
【答案】B【解析】句意：如果你和你的同学们相处得好，你将会能够更好的享受你的学校生活。enjoy享受，喜欢，动词原形；will enjoy一般将来时态；enjoyed动词的过去式；are enjoying现在进行时态。句中If引导的是条件状语从句，从句中用一般现在时态，主句用一般将来时态，故选B。
四、现在进行时
考点一:
1.概念：表示先阶段或说话时正在进行的动作。
2.常与now连用，有时有look，listen，at?the?(this)?moment等词提示，也可从上下文体现出来。
3.谓语构成：am/is/are+doing
eg: Listen, she is singing an English song. 听，她正在唱英文歌。
-What are you doing? -I'm reading book.
At?the?(this)?moment,?he?is?only?weeping.?
考点二：
动词现在分词的构成规则
规则
原形
现在分词
1.一般情况+ing：
work????
clean
take
________?
________
________
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词，去e，+ing??
come
make
________
________
3.以字母ie结尾，变ie为y+ing
die
lie?
________
________
4.以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后辅音字母+ing
stop
plan
________
________
考点三：
现在进行时的句式基本结构
构成及变化
例句
①肯定句：主语+be (is/am/are)+动词-ing形式+其它。
We?are?running?now.?
②否定句：主语+ be (is/am/are)+not+动词-ing形式+其它。
They?aren’t?doing?their?homework.
③一般疑问句：Be (is/am/are) +主语+动词-ing形式+其它?
-Is?she?having?English?lesson?
-Yes,?she?is.?/No,?she?isn’t.?
④特殊疑问句：疑问词+be (is/am/are) +主语+动词-ing形式+其它?
-What?is?he?doing?now???-He?is?swimming.?
【注意】只改变be动词的形式，动词ing形式不变！！！
考点四：
什么情况下用现在进行时
（1）用来表示说话时正在进行或者发生的动作，例如：
Mother?is?cooking?in?the?kitchen.妈妈在厨房里煮饭。
What?are?you?looking?at???你在看什么？
（2）用来表示现阶段正在进行的动作（但说话时不一定在进行），例如：
Is?she?writing?a?novel??她正在写一本小说吗？
（3）用来表示即将发生的动作，一般是指按计划或者安排好要发生的动作。适用于这种情况的动词主要有：go, come, leave, start, arrive等。?
I’m?going?home?in?half?an?hour.我一个半小时内要回家。
?? ?The?train?is?arriving?soon.火车很快就要到达了。
【对点练习】
1．— Hello! May I speak to Mary, please? — Sorry. She________ a shower now.
A． has B． had C． will have D． is having
【答案】D【解析】句意：喂，请找玛丽接电话好吗？
对不起，她正在洗澡。本题考查动词的时态。Have a shower洗澡。A. has 单数第三人称形式 B. had 一般过去时 C. will have一般将来时 D. is having现在进行时。根据题意“她现在正在洗澡”是现在正在进行的动作，故选D。
2．Don’t make any noise. We________ to a piece of wonderful music.
A． will listen B． are listening C． listen D． have listened
【答案】B【解析】句意：不要发出任何噪音。我们正在听一首美妙的乐曲。根据Don’t make any noise.可知表示现在我们正在听音乐，因此不要发出噪音，故用现在进行时be doing，故选B。
3．—Tom, why are you so busy? —I ________ some plans to work in an old people’s home this summer.
A． makes B． am making C． made D． have made
【答案】B【解析】句意：——汤姆，你为什么这么忙？——我正计划今年夏天在一家养老院工作。考查动词时态辨析题。I是第一人称，动词不可用三单形式，可排除A。根据句意语境，可知是正在计划的事情，需用现在进行时，需用be+现在分词结构，故选B。
4．—Where’s your father, Tom? — He __________newspaper in the study.
A． reads B． read C． is reading D． has read
【答案】C【解析】句意：--汤姆，你爸爸在哪里？--他在书房里读报纸。根据问句“汤姆，你爸爸在哪里？”，判断答语的句意是“他正在书房里读报纸。”即设空处的动作在说话时刻正在进行着，所以句子用现在进行时，现在进行时的构成：am/is/are+动词的现在分词，故答案为C。
五、过去进行时
考点一:
1.概念：表示过去某一时刻或某段时间内正在发生或进行的动作。
2.常与时间状语at 7:00 yesterday, at that time, at that moment, the whole night, those days, from eight to ten yesterday morning, when he came in(when,while等引导的表示过去时间的状语从句)连用。
3.谓语构成：was/were+doing
eg: He was writing his composition this time yesterday. 他昨晚在写作文。
I was talking when the teacher came in.
考点二：
过去进行时的句式基本结构
构成及变化
例句
①肯定句：主语+be (was/were)+动词-ing形式+其它。
We?were running?at 7:00 yesterday.?
②否定句：主语+ be (was/were)+not+动词-ing形式+其它。
They?weren’t?doing?their?homework at 7:00 yesterday.
③一般疑问句：Be (was/were) +主语+动词-ing形式+其它?
-Was?she?having?English?lesson at 7:00 yesterday?
-Yes,?she?was.?/No,?she?wasn’t.?
④特殊疑问句：疑问词+be (was/were) +主语+动词-ing形式+其它?
-What?was?he?doing?at 7:00 yesterday???
-He?was?swimming.?
【注意】其中Be动词was/were需要随主语的人称和数而变化，实义动词保持ing形式。
was与I, he, she, it或单数主语连用；were与第二人称及表复数概念的人称代词或复数主语连用。
考点三：
什么情况下用过去进行时
1. 表示过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。
They were having dinner at this restaurant at seven yesterday evening. 昨晚上七点钟，他们正在这家饭店里吃饭。
2. 它表示一个动作正在进行（过去进行时），另一个动作突然发生(一般过去时)。
My parents were having lunch when I came into the dinning room. 正当我走进餐厅时，我父母正在吃午饭。
3. 表示两个动作同时发生。
While I was doing my homework, my mum was cooking. 我做家庭作业时，妈妈在做饭。
【对点练习】
1．—I called you at 8:00 last night, but no one answered me.
—Sorry,I _________ a shower at that time.
A． take B． took C． was taking D． am taking
【答案】C【解析】句意：-昨天晚上8点我给你打电话了，但是没有人接。-对不起，那时候我正在洗澡。take a shower洗澡，是一个动词短语。A选项是动词原形；took是过去式；was taking是过去进行时；am taking是现在进行时。根据句意可知，这里表示在昨天晚上8点的时候，我正在洗澡，应该用过去进行时态，故选C。
2．___you called me ,I_____ through a newspaper.
A． While / looked B． When / was looking C． When /looked D． While /was looking
【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：当你给我打电话时，我正在浏览报纸。当------的时候用when，根据句子的情景，后句用过去进行时。故选B。
3．－What did your teacher say ?
－She she the newspaper at that time.
A． said；is reading B． said；was reading C． says；was reading D． Says；is reading
【答案】B【解析】本题考查时态。句意“-你的老师说什么了？-她说她那时正在读报纸”。根据第一句话中的did可知为过去时，而且指她当时正在做某事。故选B。
4．While she _________ TV in the living room last night, the bell________.
A． watches, rings B． is watching, rang C． watched, was ringing D． was watching, rang
【答案】D【解析】句意：当她在客厅看电视的时候，门铃响了。本题是由while引导的时间状语从句，强调的是昨晚主语正在进行“看电视”这一动作时，“门铃响了”这一动作也发生了，所以主句用一般过去式，从句用过去进行时，故答案选D。
六、现在完成时
考点一:
1.概念：表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；表示从过去已经开始的、持续到现在的动作或状态。常与时间副词already（已经） ，yet（还、已经） ，just(刚刚、仅仅) ，ever（曾经） ，never（从不） ，before（以前）等连用。
2.常与表示时间段的时间状语连用： for+一段时间, since+过去的某个时间点/从句，so far（到目前为止）。（强调的是“现在”的情况，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。）
3.谓语结构：have/has+done
考点二：
现在完成时的句式基本结构
构成及变化
例句
①肯定句：主语＋助动词（have ／has） ＋过去分词＋其它
I've just copied all the new words
②否定句：主语＋助动词（have ／has）＋not＋过去分词＋其它（肯定句中有some，already时，改为否定句要分别改成any，yet。）
I haven't finished my homework yet．我还没有完成我的作业。
③一般疑问句：助动词（have ／Has） ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它 ？
—Have you ever made dumplings ？你曾经做过饺子吗？ ? —Yes ，I have ．是的，我做过。
④特殊疑问句：疑问词+助动词（have ／Has） ＋主语＋过去分词＋其它 ？
对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long
【注意】1.这里的have ／has是助动词，没有什么具体意义。has，have的缩略式分别为's或've。
2.当主语是第三人称单数时助动词用has，其余人称一律用have。
3.规则动词过去分词的构成与过去式的构成方式一样，不规则动词可参看不规则动词表。
考点三：
什么情况下用现在完成时
1. 表示“刚刚做完某事”。这种用法表示说话人刚刚结束了某个动作。
I have just finished my homework. 我刚做完了作业。
2. 表示“曾经做过某事”。这种用法表示曾经的某种经历。当然也强调了过去的某个动作对于现在的一种影响。
I have seen the film, so I don’t want to see it again. 我已经看过这部电影，所以不想再看了。
3. 表示某个动作的延续。这时需要注意一些动词的变化。
She has had this book for 5 years.她有这本书五年了。
?考点四：
▲部分短暂性动词与之对应的延续性动词：
die??????????? →???????? be dead
borrow???????? →???????? keep
buy/catch?????? →???????? have
finish???????? →? ????????be? over
leave???????? →????????? be? away
begin??????? →??????????? be? on
become? interested? in?? →???? be? interested? in
考点五：
用于现在完成时的句型
1）It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
　 It is the first time that I have visited the city.
　 It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2）This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
　 This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
　 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.　这是我第一次听他唱歌。
常见延续性动词：be, live, teach, learn, work, study, know, sleep, read, live等。
eg: He has taught in our school for 30 years.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。
He has been busy since last week.自上个星期以来他一直很忙。
终止性动词：die, arrive, close, become, come, fall, leave, go, give, join, buy, borrow, start, begin, finish等。
注：终止性动词表示一个短暂的动作，它可以用于现在完成时中，但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。延续性动词一般不与“点”的时间状语连用。
eg: The train has arrived.火车到了。
不可以说It rained at eight yesterday morning.但可以借助终止性的动作来表达：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.昨天早上八点就开始下雨了。
电影已经开始十分钟了。这个句子不能译成“The film has begun for 10 minutes.”要把终止性动词改为同义的延续性动词来表达：The film has been on for 10 minutes.
【对点练习】
1．—I know you ______ to China many years ago. And how long have you ______ in China ?
—I don’t remember it exactly.
A． come, live B． came; come C． come; come D． came; lived
【答案】D【解析】句意：-我知道你多年前就来中国了。你在中国住了多久了?-我记不太清了。根据过去时间短语many years ago可知，谓语动词使用过去式came。how long与持续性动词连用，live是持续性动词，come暂时性动词。根据语境可知，本句为现在完成时态，所以动词使用过去分词lived。故选：D。
2．I _________a book three days ago and I __________it yet.
A． bought, didn’t read B． bought, haven’t read
C． have bought, didn’t read D． have bought, haven’t read
【答案】B【解析】句意：我三天前买了一本书，我还没读过。根据时间three days ago（三天前）可知此句时态是一般过去式，故填bought，根据yet（用于否定句或疑问句）可知此句时态是现在完成时，可知填haven’t read。故选B。
3．―Hello, Phil. Where is Luke now?―Maybe he_________to the library. But he_________here an hour ago.
A． has gone; stayed B． has been; stayed C． has been; has stayed D． went;has stayed
【答案】A【解析】句意：——你好，菲尔，卢克现在在哪里？——也许他去了图书馆，但他一个小时前还在这里。第一个空根据语境可知用现在完成时，其结构是have/has+动词过去分词，have/has been to表示某人去过某地，此刻在说话地，它强调“最近的经历；have/has gone to意为“去了某地”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中，总之说话时该人不在现场；本句由句意可知应用have/has gone to，主语是he，所以用has。第二个空根据时间状语an hour ago可知时态用一般过去时，stay的过去式是stayed。故答案选A。
4．—Miss Liu, when did you come here?
—In 2015. I_________here for two years.
A． have been to B． have gone to C． have come D． have been
【答案】D 【解析】考查现在完成时态。句意：——刘小姐，你什么时候来这的？——2015年，我已经在这里待两年了。由语境可知此处应用现在完成时态，表示从过去开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。here为副词，其前不用介词。故选D。
单项选择:
（ ）1.We make it a rule that each of us __________ the bedroom one day a week.
A. has cleaned B. have cleaned C. cleans D. clean
（ ）2. Mr. Green, a famous writer, __________ our school next week.
A. visits B. was visiting C. will visit D. has visited
（ ）3. The last time I __________ to the cinema was two years ago.
A. have gone B. have been C. went D. was
（ ）4. Look! Lots of people __________ photos on the beach.
A. took B. takes C. are taking D. is taking
（ ）5. My brother __________ books at that moment.
A. read B. has read C. will read D. was reading
（ ）6. I __________ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai.
A. didn’t hear from B. don’t hear from
C. haven’t heard from D. was hearing from
（ ）7. His brother is a teacher. He __________ maths in a school.
A. taught B. has taught C. teaches D. was teaching
（ ）8. I hope Tom can come to my birthday party. Then we __________ a much happier time.
A. have B. had C. are having D. will have
（ ）9. The students __________ the Art Festival when I passed by their school.
A. celebrate B. will celebrate
C. have celebrated D. were celebrating
（ ）10. Jenny __________ in the kitchen when you called her at 5 this afternoon.
A. is cooking B. was cooking C. cooks D. cook
（ ）11. Sanya is a beautiful city. I __________ there twice.
A. have gone B. have been C. have gone to D. have been to
（ ）12. I began watching here an hour ago, but now nothing __________ yet.
A. happens B. happened C. has happened D. is happening
（ ）13. In the recent years, the economy of our country __________ rapidly.
A. is increased B. has increased C. increased D. increases
（ ）14. David is so pleased that he __________ his lost purse.
A. found B. finds C. had found D. has found
（ ）15. I remember that when the earthquake took place, I __________ my homework.
A. wrote B. had written C. was writing D. am writing
时态的区分
一般现在时只强调当前习惯性的动作，一般将来时的落脚点在将来。
现在进行时和过去进行时则更多强调某一时刻“正在发生”的动作。
一般过去时的主要侧重点在于描述“过去发生的动作”。在时间上多强调“点”。而现在完成时则主要强调动作的延续，在时间上多强调“段”。
动词的五种基本形式变化表
形式
构成
例词
动词原形
没有经过任何变形，就是词典中一般给出的形式
be，do，have，come
第三人称
单数
一般在动词原形后直接加?s
work—works
read—reads
以s，o，x，z，sh，ch结尾的动词，后加?es
go—goes
wash—washes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加?es
fly—flies
study—studies
规则动词
的过去式
与过去
分词
一般在动词原形后直接加?ed
work—worked—worked
stay—stayed—stayed
在以e结尾的动词后只加?d
close—closed—closed
like—liked—liked
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，应将y改为i再加?ed
study—studied—studied
carry—carried—carried
以双重闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加?ed
stop—stopped—stopped
plan—planned—planned
现在分词
一般在动词原形后直接加?ing
sleep—sleeping
wait—waiting
以不发音的e结尾的动词，去e再加?ing
smile—smiling
move—moving
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写此辅音字母再加?ing
sit—sitting
dig—digging
plan—planning
少数以ie结尾的动词，变ie为y，再加?ing
die—dying
lie—lying
中考动词时态考点分析
在解题过程中，应掌握动词时态的判断技巧，如：
根据时间状语确定时态；
利用上下文语意判断句子的时态；
根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态；
在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态；
固定句型与动词时态间的对应关系；
根据特定动词与时态的对应关系；
根据时态中的“特殊”对策(如客观真理等)。
根据时间状语确定时态
①now，at present，at the moment，these days，look，listen等标志着现在进行时。
②just now，…ago，in 1980，this morning，yesterday，the other day，used to，last night/week/month/year…等标志着一般过去时。
③at 1：00 last night，at that moment，at this time yesterday等标志着过去进行时。
④tomorrow，from now on，soon，in the future，next week/month/year…等标志着一般将来时。
⑤yet，just，before，recently，once，already，lately，ever，never，since 1996，for ten years等标志着现在完成时。
⑥除了上面这些时间状语提示时态外，某些副词也有这种作用，如often，always，usually，never，seldom等表示频度的副词应用一般现在时或一般过去时。
【小试牛刀】
(　C　)1.Last month I ______ to Jay Chou's concert.
A．go B．have gone C．went D．am going
(　B　)2.—Have you ever been to the Bijie Museum(毕节博物馆)?
—Yes.I ______ there twice.
A．have gone B．have been C．had gone D．had been
(　B　)3.Bill likes reading.He ______ picture books with his dad every evening.
A．read B．reads C．is reading D．has read
(　D　)4.—We ______ to Yun Brocade Museum with the exchange students this coming summer holiday.
—That's amazing!
A．went B．go C．have gone D．will go
(　B　)5.Listen! Mr.Black ______ a talk on robots in the hall.
A．gives B．is giving C．will give D．gave
中考连接。
1. Today’s young people can’t live without smart phones. They keep their hands on the phones whenever they go, even while they_______meals.
A. had B. will have C. are having D. were having
2. If Nancy ______ the exam, she will go to Australia for English study.
A. pass B. passed C. passes D. will pass
3. 一Your shoes are so old. Why don’t you buy a new pair?
一Because I ______ all my money on an MP5.
A. spend B. have spent C. am spending D. was spending
4.——I didn't see you at the beginning of the party last night.
—— I _____ on my biology report at that time.
A. worked B. work . C. was working D. am working
5. ——What do you think of the new foreign teacher Thomson?
——Pretty good. I think he ____ a great job so far.
A. does B. did C. has done D. was done
6. ——I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.
——Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match _____.
A. starts B. started C. will start D. is starting
7. Don’t disturb Allen now. He ______ for the Spelling Bee competition.
A.prepares B.prepared C.is preparing D.will prepare
8.---- Sir, Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office.
---- Only when she ______ copying this report.
A.finishes B.finish C.finished D.will finish
9.---- Have you heard of the song Little Apple?
---- Yes. It ______ every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs.
A.is played B.plays C.was played D.played
10. Lei Feng ______ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.
A.died B.has died C.was dead D.has been dead
11.With the development of science and technology, robot cooks______in our families in the future.
A. appear
B. appeared
C. will appear
D. were appearing
12.School violence______much attention of the whole society and people are calling on the government to make laws against it as early as possible.
A. drew
B. will draw
C. has drawn
D. was drawing
13.Unless the weather______, we'll have to cancel the picnic.
A. improve
B. improves
C. improved
D. will improve
14. Johnson won’t answer the phone if he ___________ the number.
A. knew B. doesn’t know C. will know D. didn’t know
15. Sue wasn’t happy because she ___________ the concert given by her favorite singer.
A. misses B. missed C. will miss D. is missing
16. Betty ___________ hard since last term. That’s why her exam results are so good!
A. has worked B. will work C. worked D. was working
答案：CCBCC ACABD CCBBBA