三维设计2012高考二轮专题辅导与测试之(语法部分10份打包下载)

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名称 三维设计2012高考二轮专题辅导与测试之(语法部分10份打包下载)
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科目 英语
更新时间 2012-02-29 11:51:39

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(共56张PPT)
1. 本专题内容知识性强,主要涉及语言形式。五年高
考考查的热点为倒装句和强调句,占本专题试题总
量的52%。
2.对倒装句的考查主要从以下几个方面入手:
(1)含有否定意味的词置于句首时,部分倒装;
(2)only位于句首时(主语前除外),部分倒装;
(3)so/such...that句型中,so/such位于句首时,so/such
后的主句倒装,that从句不倒装。
3.对主谓一致的考查重点是:
(1)主语+as well as/together with+名词/代词;
(2)not only...but(also)...,neither...nor...,either...or...
连接两个主语。
4.强调句型的考查重点是:
(1)强调句型的疑问句形式;
(2)对not until 的强调。
讲高频考点
提综合能力
练专题语法
1.完全倒装
(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语,如here,there,now,
then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on
the wall等,置于句首时,完全倒装。
[链高考—2010·陕西]John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.
约翰打开门,他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。
[链高考—2009·上海]Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away fled the thief.
听到狗的狂叫声,小偷逃掉了。
[注意] 上述情况中,若主语是人称代词,则不用倒装。
Away they went.
他们走了。
(2)表语位于句首时,其倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+
主语”。
Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.
许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。
Gone are the days when we were poor.
我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。
2.部分倒装
(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时。
[链高考—2011·湖南]Only after they had discussed the
matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
直到他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才作出决定。
(2)否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,
scarcely,rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time,
under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on
no condition等置于句首时。
[链高考—2010·四川]We laugh at jokes, but seldom do we think about how they work.
我们听到笑话会开怀大笑,但我们很少思考它是怎样让人笑的。
[链高考—2010·江西]Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.
直到他离开家,他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。
(3)hardly...when...,no sooner...than...,not only...but
also...等引导两个句子时,前一个句子用部分倒装,
后一个句子不倒装。
Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he
began to cry.
他一听到这个消息就哭了。
[链高考—2009·全国卷Ⅰ]The computer was used in teaching.As a result,not only was teachers' energy saved,but students became more interested in the lessons.
电脑被应用于教学中,结果,不仅节省了老师的精力,学生也对课堂感兴趣了。
(4)so/neither/nor置于句首,意为“也(不)”,表示前面所说的情况也适
用于另一个人或事物时,要用部分倒装,其句型为:so/neither/nor
+be/助动词/情态动词+主语...。
Since my return to China, I haven't seen my host mother in America, nor have I heard from her.
自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈,也没有收到她的来信。
[注意] so表示“是的,确实”时,主谓语不倒装。
—It is too hot.
—So it is.
——天太热了。
——是啊,的确很热。
(5)在so...that...和such...that...句式中,如果so或such引导的
部分位于句首时,主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。
So frightened was she that she could not say a word.
她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。
Such great progress did he make that he was praised.
他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。
(6)as, though引导让步状语从句时,可将表语、状语或谓
语动词提前,构成倒装。句式为:表语、状语或动词原
形+as/though+主语+其他。
[链高考—2009·重庆]Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.
虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意,但是他为了得到一些工作经验还是接受了它。
Try as he would, he might fail again.
尽管他还会试,但可能还会失败。
1.Only when he reached the tea house________it was the
same place he'd been in last year. (2011·新课标全国卷)
A.he realized       B.he did realize
C.realized he D.did he realize
解析:考查倒装。当only+状语从句位于句首时,主句采用部分倒装语序,因此应把助动词did提到主句的主语之前。
答案:D
2.Jane won't join us for dinner tonight and ________.(2011·全
国卷Ⅱ)
A.neither won't Tom B.Tom won't either
C.Tom will too D.so will Tom
解析:考查特殊句式。句意:简不会来参加我们今晚的宴会,汤姆也不会来。此处是否定句,故使用either,而too 一般用于肯定句中。此处也可以用so 倒装的否定式,即 neither/nor will Tom ,注意A项中 neither 表否定意义,所以不能用won't。
答案:B
3.—It's nice.Never before________ such a special drink!
—I'm glad you like it.(2011·福建高考)
A.I have had B.I had
C.have I had D.had I
解析:考查时态及倒装。never 是否定副词,置于句首,句子要部分倒装;由语意可知说话人以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料,应该用现在完成时,故选C项。
答案:C
4.________, his idea was accepted by all the people at the
meeting.(2011·济南模拟)
A.Strange as might it sound
B.As it might sound strange
C.As strange it might sound
D.Strange as it might sound
解析:句意:尽管他的想法听起来很奇怪,但是与会的人都接受了。as引导让步状语从句时,可将表语、状语、谓语动词提前,构成倒装。本题中提前了表语。
答案:D
5.—What's all that noise
—Just in front of the bus ________ an injured man, all
covered with blood.(2011·南京一模)
A.where lies B.lies
C.does lie D.lying is
解析:考查倒装。当介词短语置于句首时,句子要使用全部
倒装语序,本题中谓语动词lies直接提前。
答案:B
1.强调句的基本句型是“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+
其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。
[链高考—2010·湖南]John's success has nothing to do with good luck. It is
years of hard work that has made him what he is today.
约翰的成功与运气无关,是多年的努力让他取得了今天的地位。
It is only children who make such stupid mistakes.
只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。
2.强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前,特殊疑问句的
结构是“疑问词+is/was+it+that从句”。
Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English
教你们英语的是王教授吗?
What is it that you want me to do
你要我干什么?
3.如果原句中含有“not...until”,在强调时间状语时,将主句
中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘下墨镜,我才认出她是一位著名的电影明星。
1.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into
what we do ________benefits our work most. (2011·陕西
高考)
A.who B.which
C.that D.what
解析:考查强调句型。it is ... that... 是强调句型,被强调部分是not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do。 句意:给我们工作带来最大益处的不是我们做了多少而是我们将多少爱投入到我们所从事的事业中。
答案:C
2.—Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree
—Of course, I have.It was in our village________it was
made.(2011·重庆高考)
A.that B.where
C.when D.which
解析:考查强调句型。 问话人询问对方是否看过《山楂树之恋》这部电影, 答话人回答说当然看过, 这部电影是在自己的村庄拍摄的。 本句是强调句,被强调的部分是地点状语in our village。
答案:A
3.Was it on a lonely island______he was saved one month
after the boat went down (2011·四川高考)
A.where B.that
C.which D.what
解析:考查强调句型。强调句的结构是:“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+句子的其他部分”,表示“正是……”或“就是……”。强调句型的一般疑问句结构:Is/Was it...that/who...
答案:B
4.—The patient looks much better. ________ is it that has
made him ________ he is today
—Perhaps the special medicine and his family's patient
care.(2011·南昌一模)
A.What; that B.That; that
C.What; what D.What; which
解析:考查强调句和名词性从句。问句的意思是“是什么让他变成今天这样的呢?”本句是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式,被强调部分是主语,故第一空用what;第二空what在从句中作is的表语。
答案:C
5.It was not until midnight ________ we got home because
of traffic jams.(2011·宝鸡质量检测一)
A.that B.when
C.while D.as
解析:考查强调句型。not...until句型有两种强调的方式:一种是将not until短语提至句首,主句采用部分倒装语序;第二种方式是采用一般强调句型结构,只是要把否定词转移到until前边去。此题采用的是第二种强调方式,它的第一种强调方式为:Not until midnight did we get home because of traffic jams.
答案:A
1. 在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as, if,unless,
as if,though,as等引导的状语从句中,若谓语部分含有be动词,而主语又与主句主语相同或主语是it时,从句的主语和be动词常被省略。
[链高考—2010·浙江]The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health.
实验表明,如果有规律地进行适量运动能强身健体。
Get up early tomorrow,if not (you don't get up early),you will miss the first bus.
明天早点起床,如果不的话,你会错过早班车。
2.I‘m afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等
作答句,后面跟so与not分别等于肯定或否定,宾
语从句可省去。
—Do you think it will rain
—I hope not (that it will not rain).
——你认为会下雨吗?
——我希望不下。
—Do you believe our team will win
—I guess so.
——你相信我们队会赢吗?
——我猜会赢。
3.不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to。
(1)用来代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常在be afraid,
glad,happy,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,
love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,
wish等的后边。
I asked him to see the film,but he didn't want to.
我请他去看电影,但他不想去。
—Will you join in the game
—I'd be glad to.
——你愿意加入做游戏吗?
——我很高兴加入。
(2)如果不定式中含有be,have,have been,通常保留be,
have和have been。
—Are you a sailor
—No,but I used to be.
——你是海员吗?
——不,但我过去是。
1.It sounds like something is wrong with the car's
engine.________, we'd better take it to the garage immediately.(2011·江苏高考)
A.Otherwise B.If not
C.But for that D.If so
解析:考查省略和替代。从句意可知,此处表示对可能发生的事件的假设,因此选择if so“如果这样的话”,so代替前面句子中提到的情况。
答案:D
2.—Hi, are you an engineer in Lenovo Group
—No, but I ________.(2011·东北三校第一次联考)
A.want to B.want to be
C.want so D.want it
解析:考查省略。答话人想成为联想集团的工程师,答语是“No, but I want to be an engineer in Lenovo Group.”的省略形式。当不定式后有be时,be不可省略。
答案:B
3.The footballer didn't succeed in scoring, though ________
several chances by his teammates.(2011·温州第一次适应性
测试)
A.was given B.being given
C.giving D.given
解析:考查非谓语动词和省略。该句though后面是省略,相当于though he was given several chances by his teammates。逻辑主语the footballer与动词give构成逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词given,所以这里选D项。
答案: D
4.Although ________ considerable success as an artist, the
young man keeps working hard.(2011·海淀第二学期期中练习)
A.achieving B.achieved
C.to achieve D.having achieved
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然作为一名艺术家取得了相当大的成就,这位年轻人仍然继续努力工作。the young man 与achieve之间是主谓关系,且根据句意可知achieve动作已经完成,故用现在分词的完成式,相当于“Although he has achieved considerable success as an artist”。
答案: D
1.就近一致原则
(1)由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but
also...等连 接的并列主语,谓语动词常与最近的主
语在单复数上保持一致。
[链高考—2009·湖南]Either you or one of your students
is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。
[注意] “with/along with/together with/including/but
/except/like/as well as/besides/rather
than+名词”置于主语后,谓语动词一般仍与前面的名词在单复数上保持一致。
[链高考—2009·陕西]Mr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.
史密斯先生和他的妻子、女儿们今年夏天将要一起参观北京。
I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident.
我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。
(2)由there,here引起的主语不止一个时,谓语动词的数通
常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil box.
文具盒内有一支铅笔和两支钢笔。
2.意义一致原则
(1)由连词and连接的并列成分指的是同一概念,兼具身份
或匹配出现(不可分割的整体),谓语动词用单数。
The worker and writer is from Wuhan.
那个工人兼作家来自武汉。
A needle and thread was given to her, but she could not sew the button on.
针线给了她,但她不会把纽扣缝起来。
(2)“no/each/every/many a+单数名词+and+
no/each/every/many a+单数名词”作主语,谓
语动词用单数。
Every man and every woman has a good reason to be
proud of the work done by their fathers.
每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。
(3)非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语,谓语动词用单数。
Persuading him to join us seems really hard.
劝他加入我们看起来确实难。
To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit.
早睡早起是一个好习惯。
1.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest
of which ________ saved for other purposes. (2011·安徽高考)
A.is B.are
C.was D.were
解析:考查主谓一致和时态。句意:这家工厂使用了65%的原材料,其余的节省下来以作他用。后半句中的 the rest of which 中的which 指的是raw materials, 所以谓语动词用复数,再结合前半句中的时态可判断D项正确。
答案:D
2.One third of the country ________ covered with trees and the
majority of the citizens ________black people. (2011·湖南高考)
A.is; are B.is; is
C.are; are D.are; is
解析:考查主谓一致。在第一空中,one third of the country 指“一个国家的三分之一”, 后面的谓语动词应用单数形式。在第二空中,the majority 后面的citizens 为复数意义,故谓语动词用复数形式。 句意:这个国家的三分之一被树覆盖,而且大多数公民是黑人。
答案:A
3.The writer and teacher Smith ________ through millions of
ups and downs since he moved to Sydney.(2011·豫南四校高三调研)
A.have gone B.had gone
C.went D.has gone
解析:考查时态和主谓一致。句意:既是作家又是教师的史密斯自从搬到悉尼经历了无数的成败。由句中since可知主句要用现在完成时,且主语表示史密斯身兼两职,为单数,故选D项。
答案:D
4.The day before yesterday the police including one officer
________ searching for the murderer in that mountain.(2011·
山西省运城市模拟)
A.is B.are
C.was D.were
解析:考查主谓一致和时态。句意:前天警察包括一个警官在山上搜捕那个杀人犯。police为集体名词,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
答案:D(共59张PPT)
1. 非谓语动词形式多样,结构复杂,内涵丰富,功能
较多,最能体现英语独特的形式特征,是近几年来高考考查的热点。
2.从2011年的考题来看,设题点已从非谓语动词作状语
一枝独秀,开始向其他考点特别是非谓语动词作定语和宾补发展。而且试题的特征继续呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势。
讲高频考点
提综合能力
练专题语法
1.动词 ed形式作状语
(1)动词 ed形式作状语,进一步说明谓语动词的动作或状
态,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。
[链高考—2011·天津]Translated into English, the sentence was
found to have an entirely different word order.
被译成英语后,我们发现这个句子有了一个完全不同
的语序。
[链高考—2009·江西]Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
给予正确的训练,这些青少年足球运动员有一天会成为国际明星。
某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,此时这些过去分词表示
一种状态。这样的词有:lost(迷路的),seated(坐),hidden
(躲),stationed(驻扎),lost/absorbed in (沉溺于),dressed in
(穿着),tired of(感到厌倦)等。
Absorbed in his book, he didn't notice me enter the room.
专心于读书,他没注意到我进入房间。
2.动词 ed形式作定语
动词 ed形式(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑
上存在被动关系,并表示该动作的被动或完成。
[链高考—2010·新课标全国卷]Mrs. White showed her students some old maps borrowed from the library.
怀特老师向她的学生展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。
[链高考—2010·北京]I'm calling to enquire about the position advertised in yesterday's China Daily.
我打电话是想询问一下关于昨天在《中国日报》上所刊登招聘职位的情况。
3.动词 ed形式作宾语补足语
动词 ed形式作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。
[链高考—2011·重庆]Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself reminded of his own dreams.
迈克尔把姚明的画像挂在床边,目的是提醒自己记住自己的梦想。
[链高考—2010·上海]Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused with her stories.
Lucy很有幽默感,总是讲故事让她的同事消遣。
4.动词 ed形式作表语
动词 ed形式作表语是大多数已形容词化的过去分词,如:seated, disappointed, stuck, excited等。
[链高考—2010·福建]In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained stuck abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
四月份,成千上万的度假者由于火山灰的影响而被滞留在国外。
[链高考—2009·四川])Ladies and gentlemen, please remain seated until the plane has come to a complete stop.
先生们、女士们,请坐着直到飞机完全停下来为止。
1.Tsinghua University, ________in 1911, is home to a great
number of outstanding figures.(2011·福建高考)
A.found        B.founding
C.founded D.to be founded
解析:考查非谓语动词。found 与 Tsinghua University 之间存在着动宾关系,所以用其过去分词形式,表示被动意义。此处用 founded, 相当于 which was founded。
答案:C
2.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves
________ for words. (2011·浙江高考)
A.lose B.lost
C.to lose D.having lost
解析:考查非谓语动词。此处lost是过去分词作themselves的宾语补足语。语意表示“甚至最好的作家有时候也会表达不出来”,所以答案选B项。
答案:B
3.________an important role in a new movie, Andy has got
a chance to become famous.(2011·四川高考)
A.Offer B.Offering
C.Offered D.To offer
解析:考查非谓语动词作状语。句子主语Andy与offer之间是动宾关系,所以用过去分词作状语。故选C。
答案:C
4.The rare fish, ________ from the cooking pot, has been
returned to the sea.(2011·上海高考)
A.saved B.saving
C.to be saved D.having saved
解析:考查非谓语动词作定语。句意:那条罕见的鱼已被放回到海中,它是被从烧锅里救出来的。fish和选项中非谓语动词之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故排除B和D两项;A项过去分词表被动和完成;C项不定式表将来的动作,由语境可知A为正确答案。
答案:A
5.The question was so difficult to answer, and the students
looked ________.(2011·福州质量检测)
A.puzzling B.puzzled
C.to puzzle D.be puzzling
解析:句意:这个问题很难回答,学生们看起来都很迷惑。过去分词puzzled与连系动词look构成系表结构,表示一种状态,主语常是人。而现在分词puzzling作表语常说明主语的性质、特征等,主语一般是物;不定式作表语表示将来的具体内容。
答案:B
1.动词 ing形式作状语
(1)动词的 ing形式作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行
的另一动作,它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的 ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况。
[链高考—2011·陕西]More highways have been built in China, making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
中国又建了很多公路,这使得人们出行变得更加容易了。
[链高考—2010·江西]The lady walked around the shops, keeping an eye out for bargains.
那位女士逛商店,留意着廉价商品。
[链高考—2010·重庆]The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about students' safety at school.
这个消息使公众非常吃惊,导致了对在校学生安全问题的极大关注。
(2)动词 ing形式有一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形
式,每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not构成。一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作;被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作;完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作;完成被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。
[链高考—2009·四川]Having been told many times, he finally understood it.
被告诉了许多次,他终于明白了。
The old man, having worked abroad for twenty years, came back to his motherland.
在国外工作了二十年后,这位老人回到了祖国。
Not having fully recovered from the operation, the patient was advised to stay in hospital for another two weeks.
手术后还没有完全康复,这位病人被建议再住院两周。
2.动词 ing形式作定语
动词 ing形式(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,表示该动作的主动和进行。
[链高考—2010·浙江]The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and weighing less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
交通规则上写明四岁以下的孩子和体重在四十磅以下的孩子必须在孩子安全座上。
I'm afraid we'll have to work extra hours, for there are still some problems remaining to be settled.
恐怕我们要加班几小时,因为仍有许多问题要解决。
3.动词 ing形式作宾语补足语
动词 ing形式作宾语补足语时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。动词 ing形式作宾语补足语强调正在进行中的主动动作。可以带有这种复合宾语的动词有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。
[链高考—2010·湖南]Listen! Do you hear someone calling for help
听!你听到有人正在呼救吗?
Jenny found a wallet lying on the ground.
詹妮发现地上有一个钱包。
4.动词 ing形式作宾语
(1) 常接动词 ing作宾语的动词(短语)
advise(建议),admit(承认),appreciate(感激),avoid(避免),can‘t help (禁不住),consider(考虑),delay(推迟),enjoy(欣赏),escape(逃脱),finish(完成),imagine(想象),keep (on) (继续),mind(介意),practice(练习),suggest(建议),miss(错过),feel like(意欲),devote...to(把……献给),get used to(习惯于),look forward to(期望),object to(反对),set about(开始),put off(推迟)等。
[链高考—2009·陕西]I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
我仍记得别人带我去过法门寺,并记得在那里所看到的一切。
(3)动词want,need,require意为“需要”时,后面跟动词 ing主
动式或动词不定式的被动式作宾语区别不大。
The flowers need/want/require watering/to be watered.
这些花需要浇水。
(4) 在动词allow,advise,forbid,permit后面直接跟动词 ing
作宾语,如果有名词或代词作宾语,则应构成“allow/advise/forbid/permit+名词/代词+动词不定式(作宾语补足语)”。
We don't allow smoking here.
我们不允许在这里吸烟。
We don't allow anyone to smoke here.
我们不允许有人在这里吸烟。
5.动词 ing形式作主语
动词 ing形式作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作,尤其是一般行为倾向。
(1) 一般形式
It's not easy to learn English well. Reading as much as possible is necessary.
学好英语不容易,广泛阅读是有必要的。
(2)通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长,用it作形式主语。
It is no good learning without practice.
只学习不实践没有好处。
1.Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,
________on your feet.(2011·北京高考)
A.to keep B.keeping
C.having kept D.to have kept
解析:考查非谓语动词。keeping on your feet 表示“站立”,在
句中说明使你疲劳的原因。
答案:B
2.The next thing he saw was smoke________from behind
the house. (2011·全国卷Ⅰ)
A.rose B.rising
C.to rise D.risen
解析:考查非谓语动词。 句意: 后来, 他看到房子的后面冒烟了。 smoke与rise之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系, 故用rise的现在分词形式作后置定语。
答案:B
3.Recently a survey________prices of the same goods in two
different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.(2011·江苏高考)
A.compared B.comparing
C.compares D.being compared
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:最近,一项对两家超市的同样商品的价格进行比较的调查在市民中引起了激烈的争论。survey与compare在逻辑上存在主动关系,因此使用comparing。 comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets 在句中作后置定语,修饰survey。
答案:B
4.Lydia doesn't feel like________abroad. Her parents are
old.(2011·四川高考)
A.study B.studying
C.studied D.to study
解析:考查非谓语动词。 feel like sth./ doing sth.想要某物/想要做某事。 句意: Lydia 不想出国学习, 她的父母都上年纪了。
答案:B
5.It‘s no use ________ without taking any action.(2011·上海
高考)
A.complain B.complaining
C.being complained D.to be complained
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:不采取行动而只是抱怨是没有用的。It's no use doing...是固定句式,所以B为正确答案。
答案:B
6.When I caught him ________ to cheat me, I phoned my
lawyer Mr. Black.(2011·太原市部分重点中学联考)
A.try B.to try
C.trying D.to have tried
解析:句意:当我发现他企图欺骗我时,我给我的律师布莱克先生打了电话。catch sb. doing sth.为固定结构,意为“看见/逮住某人在做某事”。动词 ing形式在其中作宾补。
答案:C
1.不定式作状语
(1) 不定式用来作目的状语:作目的状语时,不定式的逻辑主语通
常也是全句的主语,往往译作“为了,想要”。
[链高考—2011·重庆]More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced to raise people's concern over food safety.
根据政府官员的说法,将创作更多的电视节目以提高人们对食品安全的关注。
[链高考—2009·辽宁]To be a winner,you need to give all you have and try your best.
要想成为赢家,你要付出所有并竭尽全力。
(2)不定式用于:so...as to...;such...as to;enough to...;too...to;
only to等结构中往往用来作结果状语。
He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.
他匆忙去了售票处,结果被告知所有的票已经卖完了。
[注意] 不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别:不定式作结果状语往往表示意想不到的结果,而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。
[链高考—2010·天津]It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces.
南方雨下的很大,导致几个省发生洪灾。
(3)不定式与形容词连用时,大多表示原因,用来作原因状语。这
些形容词主要有:happy,kind,surprised,frightened,angry,shocked,glad,delighted,disappointed等。
[链高考—2010·辽宁]We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
看到寺院仍处于原始的状态,我们感到非常震惊。
(4) 在be+adj.(pleasant, nice, comfortable, hard,easy等)+to
do sth.结构中,常用不定式的主动形式表被动含义。
[链高考—2010·四川]In many people's opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to deal with.
在许多人看来,那个公司虽然相对来说较小,但与之
打交道令人愉快。
2.不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语多表示将来动作。
[链高考—2010·重庆]Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one to be repaired first is the library.
城市的许多建筑需要修理,但是首先需要修理的是图
书馆。
[链高考—2009·山东]We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday.
我们被邀请参加下星期五在我们俱乐部举办的晚会。
1.It's important for the figures________regularly.(2011·北
京高考)
A.to be updated B.to have been updated
C.to update D.to have updated
解析:考查非谓语动词。句中的时间状语regularly 表示经常发生,因此排除B、D两项; 又因为figures 是被更新的,故选A项。
答案:A
2.Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the
chocolate easier ________ into small pieces.(2011·安徽高考)
A.break B.breaking
C.broken D.to break
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:汤姆问糖果制造商是否可以把巧克力制作得更容易弄碎些。be+easy/difficult... 后常跟不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,故答案为D项。
答案:D
3.The ability ________ an idea is as important as the idea
itself.(2011·湖南高考)
A.expressing B.expressed
C.to express D.to be expressed
解析:考查非谓语动词。ability 后常接不定式一般式的主动形式作定语,意为“做……的能力”。句意:表达思想的能力和思想本身一样重要。
答案:C
4.Today we have chat rooms, text messaging,
emailing...but we seem ________ the art of
communicating face to face.(2011·上海高考)
A.losing B.to be losing
C.to be lost D.having lost
解析:考查非谓语动词作表语。句意:现在我们有聊天室,能传递文本信息,还可发电子邮件……但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的技能。seem后通常用动词不定式,排除A和D两项;此处非谓语动词后有名词the art of communicating face to face作其宾语,所以排除C项(被动形式),故选B。
答案:B
5.The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier
version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable_______.
(2011·福建高考)
A.held B.holding
C.be held D.to hold
解析:考查非谓语动词作状语。句意:厚度和重量与先
前版本的不同使得iPad 2拿着更舒服。hold 与the iPad 2
之间是动宾关系,且有性质形容词comfortable,所以用
动词不定式的主动形式表达被动含义。
答案:D
6.With Father's Day around the corner,I have taken some
money out of the bank ________ presents for my dad.(2010·全国卷Ⅰ)
A.buy B.to buy
C.buying D.to have bought
解析:考查非谓语动词的用法。此处拿出钱来是为了买礼物,表目的,故选B。句意:父亲节马上就要到了,我从银行里取出了一些钱给爸爸买礼物。
答案:B
have,get表示“使、让、叫”,后接三种形式作宾补。
1.have sth.done=get sth.done使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某
人做某事)
Every year, Tom remembers to have some flowers sent to her mother on her birthday.
每年,汤姆记着在母亲生日那天给她寄些花。
Mr. Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.
在度假期间,史密斯先生家的房子被人破门而入。
1.Claire had her luggage ________an hour before her plane
left.(2011·陕西高考)
A.check B.checking
C.to check D.checked
解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:在飞机起飞前一个小时Claire 对行李进行了安检。check 与 luggage之间是动宾关系,所以应用过去分词形式表示被动,构成“have +宾语+过去分词”结构,表示“找人做……”或“使……被 ……”。
答案:D
2.Alexander tried to get his work ________ in the medical
circles.(2010·辽宁高考)
A.to recognize B.recognizing
C.recognize D.recognized
解析:考查非谓语动词。题干中含有“get sth. done”结构,表示“使某事被做”。句意:Alexander试图使他的工作被医学界认可。his work与recognize为逻辑上的动宾关系,因此用过去分词作宾补。故选D项。
答案:D
3.—Do you have anything ________ for this weekend
—It depends on the weather. We'll go camping if it's fine.(2011·河南省洛阳市检测)
A.planned B.planning
C.to be planning D.plan
解析:考查非谓语动词。anything与plan之间为被动关系,所以要用动词的过去分词形式作后置定语。
答案:A(共85张PPT)
1. 定语从句是近五年来高考考查的热点,主要考查非限制性
定语从句(特别是先行词是整个句子时);“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,分隔式定语从句。
2.名词性从句主要考查内容:语序问题、连接词的选用。
2011年高考中关于名词性从句的考查全部是连接词的选用。在连接词的选用中关于what的用法的考查,占考查名词性从句总量的42%。
讲高频考点
提综合能力
练专题语法
1. whose用来指人或物,在定语从句中只作定语。
[链高考—2010·北京]Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。
[链高考—2010·陕西]The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair.
在暴风雨中房顶严重受损的庙宇正在维修。
2.who, whom,that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或
代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
[链高考—2010·湖南]I've become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year.
我已与去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的我校的几个学生成为了好朋友。
3.which, that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词,
在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
[链高考—2011·上海]You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station which you can hire to reach your host family.
在公共汽车站你会发现有出租车在那里等,你可以租(一辆)去主人家里。
[链高考—2010·全国卷Ⅱ]I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.
我拒绝因别人的过错而承担责任。
4.关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点
或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
[链高考—2010·江西]The girl arranged to have piano
lessons at the training centre with her sister where she would stay for an hour.
小女孩准备在培训中心与她的妹妹一起上钢琴课,在那里她可以呆一小时。
The reason why I don't trust him is that he often tells lies.
我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。
Remember that there is still one point which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow.
记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。
She's in a hopeless situation, where we will keep a very close eye on her.
她处于无望的处境中,在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。
5.the way后面的定语从句的关系词
在定语从句中,the way 是一个比较特殊的先行词,当它在从句中充当方式状语时,其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略;但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时,其后的关系词就用that或which。
The way that/which I thought of to solve this problem proves to be practical.
我想到的解决这个问题的方法证明是可行的。(先行词作宾语)
I don't like the way (that/in which) you solve the problem.(先行词作方式状语)
我不喜欢你解决问题的方法。
1.The prize will go to the writer ________story
shows the most imagination. (2011·新课标全国卷)
A.that          B.which
C.whose D.what
解析: 考查定语从句。 先行词the writer 与定语从句的主语story之间为所属关系, 因此用关系代词whose 引导定语从句。
答案:C
2.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and
a T shirt, ________ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. (2011·全国卷Ⅱ)
A.this B.that
C.what D.which
解析:考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,该句为定语从句,首先排除A和C;根据空前的逗号可知,该句为非限制性定语从句,排除B。该从句应用which 引导, which在从句中作主语,代指前面的整个句子。
答案:D
3.The old town has narrow streets and small
houses________ are built close to each other.(2011·山
东高考)
A.they B.where
C.what D.that
解析:考查定语从句。关系代词that代替先行词small houses,在从句中作主语。句意:这座古老的城镇街道狭窄,小房子挨得很近。
答案:D
4.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends,
________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.(2011·
陕西高考)
A.which B.where
C.who D.That
解析:考查定语从句。句意: 我和我的朋友们走到山顶,在那里我们观赏到湖的美景。句中没有并列连词或从属连词,故逗号后为非限制性定语从句。因从句中缺少地点状语,故用where引导。
答案:B
5.Between the two parts of the concert is an
interval, ________the audience can buy ice cream.(2011·江苏高考)
A.when B.where
C.that D.which
答案:A
解析:考查定语从句。本题中interval是先行词,意思是“休息时间”,表示时间,在定语从句中充当时间状语,因此选择关系副词when。
1.“介词+关系代词”中介词的宾语只能是which或whom。
[链高考—2011·湖南]Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently.
Julie擅长德语、法语和俄语,所有的(三门语言)她都说得很流利。
In the dark street,there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.
在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。
He lived in a big house,in front of which stood a big tall tree.
他住在一所大房子里,房前有一棵大树。
2.介词+which/whom+不定式结构。
The poor man has no house in which to live.
那个可怜的人没有房子住。
3.of+which/whom表示所属关系。(表所属关系也可用
whose)
Recently I bought an ancient vase,the price of which(=whose price) was very reasonable.
最近我买了个古代的花瓶,它的价钱很合理。
1.She showed the visitors around the museum, the
construction ________had taken more than three years.(2011·江西高考)
A.for which B.with which
C.of which D.to which
解析:句意:她带着游客参观这座博物馆——花了三年多才建成的建筑。 the construction of(……的建筑),which指代 the museum。
答案:C
2.English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,
each of ________ uses it somewhat differently.(2011·浙江高考)
A.which B.what
C.them D.those
解析:考查定语从句。本句中的先行词是several diverse cultures,先行词在从句中作each of 的宾语,所以应该用关系代词which。
答案:A
3.I found many people, most of ________ I didn't
know, quarrelling outside.(2011·济南第二次教学质
量调研)
A.that B.which
C.whom D.what
解析:考查定语从句。句意:我发现很多人在外面争吵,他们中的大多数我都不认识。空处所填的关系代词指代的是many people,且在从句中作of的宾语,故用whom。
答案:C
4.The engineer spoke highly of the government's
efforts, ________ he owed his safe return from Libya.(2011·福建质量检测)
A.through which B.to which
C.with whom D.for whom
解析:考查定语从句。先行词为the government's efforts,故应用关系代词which。owe sth.to...“把某事归功于……”,故选B项。
答案:B
5.Mother bought many tomatoes from the market two
days ago, ________ some have gone bad due to the bad weather.(2011·宁夏六校联考)
A.of those B.from which
C.of which D.in which
解析:考查定语从句。此处表示“其中的一些西红柿”,故用“of+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句。
答案:C
1.as引导的定语从句
用在the same...as, such...as, as...as, so...as结构中,as可以作主语、宾语或表语,可以用来代替先行词是表示人或物的名词。
They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.
他们只能读类似这样的一些简易英语改写的故事。(as作主语)
These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.
这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。(as作宾语)
He is not the same man as he was.
他和过去不同了。(as作表语)
[注意] (1)such...as...(定语从句)像……那样
such...that...(状语从句)如此……以至于……
This is such an easy question as I can answer.
(定语从句)这是一个我能回答的简单问题。
This is such an easy question that I can answer it.
(状语从句)这是个简单的问题,我能回答。
(2) the same...as...表示相似的东西
the same...that...表示同一人或物
This is the same knife as I lost.
这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。
This is the same knife that I lost.
这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。
2.关系代词as,which的区别
(1) as引导的非限制性定语从句,既可在主句前,又可在主句
后,有时还可插入主句中,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。
[链高考—2010·四川]After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, which turned out to be a wise decision.
大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游,事实证明这是一个明智的选择。
(2)当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时,只能用as。
As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.
=It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(名词性从句)
=What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(名词性从句)
众所周知,月球每月绕地球一次。
(3)as意为“正如……”,后面的谓语动词多是see,know, expect,say,mention,report,announce等;which意为
“这一点”。
A war is so cruel that it always causes great losses, as has happened in Libya.
战争是如此的残酷以致于总是带来巨大损失,正如利比亚所发生的事情一样。
Tom has made rapid progress, which makes me very happy.
汤姆进步很快,这使我很高兴。
1.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the
others, ________, of course, made all the others upset.(2011·北京高考)
A.who B.which
C.what D.that
解析:考查定语从句。which 引导非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句部分的内容。
答案:B
2.They've won their last three matches, ________ I
find a bit surprising actually.(2011·南昌高三调研)
A.that B.when
C.what D.Which
解析:考查定语从句。后半句是非限制性定语从句,
which 代指前面整句话的内容,在从句中作find的宾语。
答案:D
3.It is such a difficult problem ________ no one can
work out.(2011·吉林模拟)
A.as B.that
C.so D.thus
解析:先行词problem被such修饰,且先行词在从句中作宾语,故用as引导定语从句。
答案:A
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面,但有时候也会被插入语、同位语、状语、谓语或其他定语等成分分隔。如果是隔开了的定语从句,则要先根据句意找到先行词,然后再进行句子结构分析。
[链高考—2009·江苏]Because of the financial crisis, days are gone when local 5 star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
由于金融危机,当地五星级宾馆一晚索价6000元的日子一去不复返了。
Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我有时间和孩子们一起度过一天的机会很少。
1.The days are gone________ physical strength was
all you needed to make a living.(2011·天津高考)
A.when B.that
C.where D.which
解析:考查定语从句。句意:体力是谋生所需的一切的日子已消逝了。根据句意可知此处是when引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the days,且when在从句中作时间状语,故选A项。
答案:A
2.Everyone will go through life's stages of ups and
downs, ________ self respect plays a key role in the maturity of a person.(2011·大连市部分中学联考)
A.when B.which
C.as D.that
解析:考查定语从句。句意:每个人都将经历人生的浮沉阶段,其间,自尊在一个人的成熟过程中起着关键作用。根据句意可知,后半句是定语从句,when在从句中作状语,修饰先行词stages。
答案:A
3.—What does the notice say
—All the storytellers should meet at the same hall ________ won the first three prizes.(2011·吉林省部分重点中学检测)
A.what B.as
C.who D.which
解析:考查定语从句。根据句法,这是个分隔式定语从句,从句“________ won the first three prizes”缺少主语,先行词“All the storytellers”指人,所以用关系代词who或that,且不能省略。
答案:C
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语
从句。
[链高考—2010·全国卷Ⅰ]We haven't discussed yet where we are going to place our new furniture.
我们还没有讨论新家具将放置在什么地方。
[链高考—2010·江苏]—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.
—That's where I don't agree. You should have a more active life.
——在周日我喜欢把自己关在家里一整天听音乐。
——那就是我不赞同的地方,你应该拥有更积极性的生活。
It matters much whether the headmaster supports our activity.
校长是否支持我们的活动很重要。
[链高考—2011·辽宁]When the news came that the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.
当战争爆发的消息传来时,他决定去参军。
1. I'd like to start my own business — that's
________I'd do if I had the money. (2011·陕西高考)
A.why B.when
C.which D what
解析:考查表语从句。句意:我想自己做生意——那是我如果有钱就会做的事情。从句中的do 是及物动词,缺少宾语,所以将A 和B 排除,这两个选项在从句中常常作状语。which 引导名词性从句时,意为“哪个,哪些”,一般用于有一定范围可供选择的情况。不合逻辑,故用what。
答案:D
2.It was never clear ________the man hadn't reported
the accident sooner.(2011·江苏高考)
A.that B.how
C.when D.why
解析:考查名词性从句。句意:那位男士为什么没有及时举报事故尚不清楚。分析句子成分可知,此处是一个主语从句,再结合句意可知应用why引导。
答案:D
3.His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to
make out ________ it is he is trying to express. (2011·安
徽高考)
A.that B.how
C.who D.what
解析:考查句子结构。句意:他的书写如此令人困惑,以至于难以辨认他在试图表达什么。 分析句子结构可知,定语从句 he is trying to express 后缺少宾语,因此用what。
答案:D
4.The message you intend to convey through words may be
the exact opposite of ________ others actually understand.(2011·上海高考)
A.why B.that
C.which D.what
解析:句意:你想通过话语传达的信息也许正与其他人实际理解的完全相反。介词of后的宾语从句中understand缺少宾语,故用what,D为正确答案。
答案:D
5.________ has been proven to be true that China has made
great rapid progress in every field.(2011·湖南十二校第一次联考)
A.What B.As
C.Which D.It
解析:it在句中作形式主语,真正的主语是由that引导的主语从句。如果选择what则需要在that前面加is,此时what引导主语从句。如果选择as则应该把that改为逗号,此时as引导非限制性定语从句。
答案:D
6.—Is there any possibility________you could pick me up
at the airport
—No problem.(2009·浙江高考)
A.when B.that
C.whether D.what
解析:考查同位语从句。此处是由that引导的同位语从句,表示“你有没有可能来机场接我?”。所以这里选B项。
答案:B
that和what的区别
引导名词性从句时,that没有词义,在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整,不缺任何成分时,往往选用that;而what引导名词性从句时,意为“什么”(有时候可以不译),在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语。
[链高考—2008·山东]What was most important to her,she told me,was her family.(主语从句;what作主语)
她告诉我,对她来说最重要的是她的家庭。
[链高考—2010·山东]Before the sales start, I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season.(宾语从句;what作宾语)
在商场大减价销售之前,我列了购物单,列出了下一季孩子们所需的物品。
[链高考—2010·天津]As a new graduate, he doesn't know what it takes to start a business here.(宾语从句;what作宾语)
作为一位新毕业生,他不知道在这儿开始事业需要什么。
China is no longer what she used to be.(表语从句;what 作表语)
中国再也不是从前的中国了。
[链高考—2010·陕西]It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.(主语从句)
我真想不到你竟然说服了他,使他改变了主意。
[链高考—2011·天津]Modern science has given clear evidence that smoking can lead to many diseases.(同位语从句)
现代科学已经给出了确凿的证据——吸烟能导致很多疾病。
[链高考—2010·上海]One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.(表语从句)
她偏爱城市生活的一个原因就是她可以很容易地进出像商场和饭店这样的地方。
1.The villagers have already known________we'll do is
to rebuild the bridge.(2011·江西高考)
A.this B.that
C.what D.which
解析:句意:村民们都已了解到我们要做的事就是重建这座桥。 本题中known后跟宾语从句,其中含有主语从句what we'll do, what在该从句中作do的宾语,表示“……的事”。
案答: C
2.______Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and
happiness.(2011·北京高考)
A.Which B.What
C.That D.Whom
解析:考查名词性从句。由句中的is 可知空格处为主语从句的引导词,且该引导词在从句中作offer 的宾语,故可排除C项;which“哪一个”;whom“谁”。故只有B项正确。
答案:B
3.There is clear evidence ________ the most difficult
feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.(2011·上海高考)
A.what B.if
C.how D.that
解析:考查名词性从句。句意:有确凿的证据表明,所有感觉中最难演绎的是身体上的痛苦。分析句子结构可知空格处引导的是evidence的同位语从句,从句结构和意义完整,故用that引导。
答案:D
4.Nowadays more people realize the importance of health
and ________ health is wealth has been accepted by most of us.(2011·枣庄高三调研)
A.how B.whether
C.that D.what
解析:考查名词性从句。分析句子成分可知,空前的and连接前两个分句,后一分句的主语是________ health is wealth,是个宾语从句,且不缺少任何成分,由此可知应用that引导。
答案:C
5.I persuaded my parents ________ we should go to Italy
for a holiday rather than Scotland.(2011·东城第一学期检测)
A.what B.that
C.where D.how
解析:考查名词性从句。分析句式结构可知,这是一个宾语从句,由于从句中不缺少任何成分,因此选that。
答案:B
whether和if引导名词性从句时,可表示“是否”之意。但是if可用来引导主语从句、宾语从句,不可引导表语从句和同位语从句。whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”。
All people,whether they are old or young,rich or poor,have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
所有的人,不管他们是老人还是年轻人,富人还是穷人,自从发生灾难以来都尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。
It is not immediately clear whether the financial crisis will soon be over.
金融危机是否很快结束还不能立刻明了。
[链高考—2009·北京]At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see if/whether it got any better.
起初他讨厌这份工作,但他决定给自己几个月看看情况是否会有好的改变。
1.It is still under discussion________the old bus
station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.(2011·
重庆高考)
A.whether B.when
C.which D.where
解析:考查主语从句的引导词。 句意: 这个旧汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的旅馆取代还在讨论之中。 本句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是从句“whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”。 whether在句中引导主语从句。
答案:A
2.The problem will appear ________ a different welfare
system will be created.(2011·吉林省部分重点中学检测)
A.unless B.whether
C.until D.if
解析:考查同位语从句。句意:是否创立一个不同的社会福利体系这个问题将会出现。这是一个分隔式的同位语从句,根据语意可知用whether来引导此同位语从句,表示“是否”。if不引导同位语从句,故排除D项。
答案:B
3.—Shall we have a picnic tomorrow
—It depends on the weather ________ we will go.(2011·山西省运城市模拟)
A.if B.whether
C.that D.when
解析:考查名词性从句。句意:“我们明天去野炊吗?”“我们是否去要看天气而定。”whether引导主语从句,it作形式主语。
答案:B
4.Up to now, I haven't got any idea ________ we should
go on with the project.(2011·银川部分重点中学模拟)
A.that B.whether
C.what D.which
解析:考查同位语从句。根据句中的“I haven't got any idea”可知说话人不知道“是否”应该继续这项工程,故选B,引导同位语从句,解释说明idea的内容。A项只起连接作用,没有任何意义,故排除。
答案:B
“疑问词+ ever”与“no matter+疑问词”的区别
“疑问词+ ever”与“no matter+疑问词”虽然都有“无论……”的意思,但是用法有区别:“疑问词+ ever”既可以引导名词性从句也可引导状语从句,而“no matter+疑问词”只能用来引导状语从句。
The book can be of great help to whoever wants to do the job.
那本书对于想要做这份工作的人很有帮助。
Whatever/No matter what you say,I will not believe you.
无论你说什么,我都不相信。
1.The panda is very important to the relationship
between the two countries. They decided to do ________ it takes to save her life.(2011·烟台市第二次诊断)
A.whichever B.however
C.whatever D.whoever
解析:考查名词性从句。句意:这只熊猫对两国之间的关系很重要。他们决定竭尽所能挽救她的生命。第二句的主句中do后面缺少宾语,从句中takes也缺少宾语,故用关系代词whatever。
答案:C
2.Everybody likes to work with ________ is reliable and
easy to get on with.(2011·海淀第二学期期中练习)
A.whom B.who
C.whomever D.whoever
解析:考查名词性从句。句意:每个人都喜欢和值得信任并且容易相处的人一起工作。“whoever is reliable and easy to get on with”是第一个with的宾语,whoever在从句中作主语,相当于anyone who。
答案:D
3.________ the reasons, the new cloning technologies have
so far caused heated debates among scientists, politicians and the general public.(2011·苏锡常镇四市调研)
A.Whenever B.Whatever
C.However D.Whichever
解析:考查状语从句。该状语从句也是一个省略句,原句为:Whatever the reasons are不管有什么样的原因。句意:不管有什么样的原因,新的克隆技术到目前为止已经引起了科学家、政客和普通民众的激烈争论。
答案:B(共78张PPT)
1 .区分各种代词的不同功能是考生掌握的难点。高考
题对代词的考查重点是不定代词none, no one;
another; the other; neither, either等。
2.it, one, that, ones, those作替代词的用法区别。
3.it表时间、天气、距离等及it作形式主语、形式宾语。
4.高考主要考查介词在具体语境中的应用,介词的一
些习惯用法和固定搭配。
讲高频考点
提综合能力
练专题语法
1.it指代前面所提到过的事情、事物;身份不明的人或
婴儿,未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。
—I've broken a plate.
—It (=Breaking the plate) doesn‘t matter.(指前面所提
到过的事情)
——我打碎了个盘子。
——没关系。
The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.(指双方都明白的事情)
帕克一家买了一套新房子,但是在入住之前有大量的工作需要去做。
Look at the baby. Isn't it lovely?(指性别不明的婴儿)
看那个小婴儿,它不可爱吗?
2.it用作形式主语或形式宾语,而把真正的主语或宾语放
在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往由从句、动名词、不定式充当。
[链高考—2011·天津]We feel it our duty to make our country a better place.
我们觉得让我们的国家成为一个更加美好的地方是我们的责任。
It worries me that he keeps changing his mind.
他不断改变主意使我担心。
He didn't make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.
他没有把何时何地召开会议搞清楚。
As far as I'm concerned, it's no use arguing with him, he won't change his mind.
就我个人而言,同他争论没用,他不会改变主意。
3.表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it,构成固定结
构,这类 动词有enjoy, prefer, love, like, hate, dislike,
appreciate等。
I dislike it when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger.
我不喜欢被留下来独自一人与陌生人交谈。
They would appreciate it, to be frank, if the goods could be delivered as soon as possible.
坦率地说,如果货物尽快被送到他们会感激不尽。
1.The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________
difficult to tell one from the other.(2011·山东高考)
A.it           B.them
C.her D.that
解析:考查代词的用法。句意:这两个女孩长得如此相似以至于陌生人很难把她们区分开来。在that引导的结果状语从句中,谓语动词find的真正宾语是to tell one from the other,设空处需要形式宾语,而四个选项中只有it可以作形式宾语,所以选择A。
答案: A
2.Why don't you bring ________ to his attention that
you're too ill to work on?(2011·江西高考)
A.that B.it
C.this D.him
解析:考查代词的用法。句意:你为什么不让他注意到你病得太重了而不能继续工作呢?根据题干所提供的信息可知设空处为形式宾语,“that you're too ill to work on”为真正的宾语。四个选项中只有it可作形式宾语,故为答案。
答案: B
3.When ________ comes to research into heart disease and
the effects on the body, we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.(2011·南京一模)
A.that B.it
C.what D.this
解析:考查代词。when it comes to...是固定句式,表示“当涉及……”。
答案: B
4.We have made ________ clear that we are strongly
against smoking in the office.(2011·济宁检测)
A.this B.that
C.it D.one
解析:考查it的特殊用法。句中的it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是that we are strongly against smoking in the office。
答案: C
1. another另外一个(一些),泛指三者或三者以上的人或物
中的“另一个”。
[链高考—2009·山东]I felt so bad all day yesterday that I
decided this morning I couldn't face another day like that.
昨天一整天我都感觉很糟糕,所以今天早晨我决定不能像那样面对另一天了。
Give me another ten minutes and I will complete the task.
再给我十分钟,我将完成这项任务。
2.the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部
分”,是特指,常用于one...the other...。
[链高考—2010·新课标全国卷] I'll spend half of my holiday practising English and the other half learning drawing.
我准备把我假日时间的一半用来练习英语,另一半时间学习绘画。
3.other作前置定语,表示“另外的”。
We study Chinese, maths, English and other lessons.
我们学习语文、数学、英语和其他课程。
4.others作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。
[链高考—2010·安徽] You are a team star! Working with others is really your cup of tea.
你是队里的明星!与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。
Some are singing and dancing, some are drawing, others are climbing the hill.
一些人在唱歌跳舞,一些人在画画,还有一些人在爬山。
1.To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered
________.(2011·上海高考)
A.the other B.other
C.the others D.another
解析:考查不定代词。句意:为了保持清醒,他喝完了一杯咖啡,又点了一杯。the other指两者中的另一个,不符合语境,故排除;other 后需要名词,排除B项;the others是复数形式,表特指,不符合句意。another另一个,又一个,符合语境,故选D。
答案: D
2.Building a new school is one thing, while keeping it
running smoothly is quite ________.(2011·烟台一模)
A.the other B.another
C.neither D.others
解析:考查代词。此处和前面的one thing相对应,应用another表示不同的另一件事。句意:建一所学校是一回事,然而让学校正常运转是完全不同的另外一回事。
答案: B
3.He paid 30% of the price for the house, and
promised to pay ________ by the end of the
month.(2011·黑龙江检测)
A.those B.the others
C.the rest D.the other
解析:考查指代。从语意“承诺剩下的在月底支付”可知,the rest表示“剩下的”,常用来指代前面提到的名词,选C项。
答案: C
4.Neither side is prepared to talk to ________ unless we
can smooth things over between them.(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)
A.others B.the other
C.another D.one other
解析:句意:除非我们能消除他们之间的矛盾,否则他们两人都不打算和对方讲话。others没有范围,指别人;another没有范围,指另一个;the other指两者中的另一方,根据关键词neither(两者都不),答案选B项。
答案: B
1.it意为“它”,特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物。
[链高考—2009·四川]I like this house with a beautiful
garden in front, but I don't have enough money to buy it.
我喜欢这座前面有花园的房子,但是我没有足够的钱来
买它。
2.that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可
数名词,相当于the+单数/不可数名词。
[链高考—2010·陕西] The cost of renting a house in central Xi'an is higher than that in any other area of the city.
西安市中心的房租比这个城市其他地段的房租都贵。
Few pleasures can equal that (=the pleasure) of a cool drink on a hot day.
没有什么能比得上在炎热的天气里喝上一杯冷饮那样快乐。
3.one用来替代前面出现的单数名词,是泛指概念,相当
于a/an+单数名词;ones用来替代前面出现的复数名词,也是泛指概念;the one用来替代前面的特指的单数名词,有时可用that替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下);the ones用来替代前面的特指的复数名词,有时可用those替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)。
[链高考—2010·山东]Helping others is a habit, one you can learn even at an early age.
帮助他人是习惯,是一种甚至年幼时你就能学着养成的一种习惯。
—Why don't we take a little break
—Didn't we just have one(=a break)
——我们为何不稍微休息一下?
——我们不是刚休息了吗?
Students who do well in examinations are those/the ones who ask questions in class.
考试成绩好的都是上课爱提问的学生。
1.We have various summer camps for your holidays.You
can choose________based on your own interests.(2011·
福建高考)
A.either B.each
C.one D.it
解析:考查代词。根据语意可知应该是选择这些不同的夏令营中的一种,所以用 one,相当于 a summer camp。either表示在两者中进行选择;each表示“每一个”;it指代前面出现过的同一事物。
答案: C
2.—Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.
—What do you think of________over there (2011·重庆
高考)
A.the one B.this
C.it D.that
解析:考查代词用法。 说话人埋怨自己忘记了行李的外观,答话人提醒对方注意那边的行李, 所以用that , 特指the luggage。 luggage是不可数名词, 由此可排除A项; B项与over there矛盾; C项是特指上文已经提到的同一个东西,显然不正确。
答案:D
3.When I moved to a new community, I found it different
from ________ I had stayed in before.(2011·济宁模拟)
A.one B.that
C.it D.the one
解析:考查代词。语意表示这个新社区与“我”先前住的那个社区不同,因为空处与前面的community是同类事物,所以用one代指;同时空后有定语修饰,表特定指代,所以要加the,故选the one。
答案: D
4.His advertisement income this year is about $ 36
million, over three times ________ of last year.(2011·济南模拟)
A.that B.what
C.those D.ones
解析:考查代词。句意:他今年的广告收入为3600万美元,是去年的三倍多。income是不可数名词,故用that代指。
答案: A
1.no one, nobody表“没有人,谁也不”,只指人,作主语时,
后跟单数动词。常可用来回答who引导的问句。
[链高考—2009·全国卷Ⅱ]Charles was alone at home,
with no one looking after him.
查尔斯独自一人在家,没有人照顾他。
2.none“没人,没有任何东西”,既可指人,也可指物。
none后可接of短语,常用来回答how many/much的
问题。
—How many of you have seen the film
—None (of us).
——你们中有多少人看过这部电影?
——一个也没有。
3.nothing意为“没有东西”,一般回答what。
[链高考—2010·天津] Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first
visit to the Palace Museum.
我的一生中,印象最深的就是第一次去参观故宫博物院。
1.I knew that ________ would ever discourage him; he
would never give up wanting to be a director.(2011·湖
南高考)
A.something B.anything
C.everything D.nothing
解析:考查代词。句意:我知道没有什么能阻止他。他是不会放弃当导演的想法的。 nothing 意为“没有什么”,符合句意。
答案: D
2.—How do you find your new classmates
—Most of them are kind, but ________ is so good to me as
Bruce.(2011·陕西教学质量检测)
A.none B.no one
C.every one D.some one
解析: none“没有一个”,指数量,表示没有一个能赶上Bruce对我好的,on one“没有人”。
答案: A
3.Having sent several emails to apply for jobs, the college
graduate waited for a reply, but ________ came.(2011·江苏启东中学摸底考试)
A.none B.neither
C.nothing D.no one
解析:考查代词的用法。句意:发出几封求职信后这位大学毕业生等着回复,但是一个也没来。这里指的是“回复”没来,指物,故选A。
答案: A
1.all表示“三者或三者以上”都,指人或所有的物。
All I want is peace and quiet.
我所需要的是和平和安静。
2.both表示“两者都”。
—Did you go to London or Paris last year
—We went to both. A week in London and two weeks
in Paris.
——你们去年去了伦敦还是巴黎?
——都去了。在伦敦待了一周在巴黎待了两周。
3.either表示“(两者中)任何一个”。
[链高考—2010·重庆]He had lost his temper and his health in the war and never found either of them again.
冲突中他发脾气且损害了健康;但现在两样都没有了。
4.neither表示“(两者)都不”。
I tried two different methods, yet neither of them seemed to work very well.
我已尝试了两种方法,但这两种方法似乎都不好。
5.none表示“(三者或三者以上)都不”。
[链高考—2009·上海]—Wow! You've got so many clothes.
—But none of them are in fashion now.
——哇!你衣服真多啊!
——但是没一件是跟得上潮流的。
1.—Would you like tea or coffee
—________,thank you. I've just had some
water.(2011·辽宁高考)
A.Either B.Both
C.Any D.Neither
解析:考查代词用法。句意:“你想要茶还是咖啡?”“都不要,谢谢。我刚喝过一些水。”根据答句中的“I've just had some water.”可知此处表示两者都不要,故用neither。
答案: D
2.________ that's important is that you are doing your best
and moving in the right direction.(2010·浙江高考)
A.One B.All
C.Everything D.Anything
解析:考查代词。空格中所要选的代词在整个句子中作主语,后面的that's important作了主语的定语,all that相当于what,所以选B项。
答案: B
3.Your plan, as well as his, sounds original. But the
company, I think, won't approve ________ of them, for they are unrealistic.(2011·南京二模)
A.any B.both
C.each D.either
解析:考查代词用法。由“they are unrealistic”可知它们都不现实,由此可知公司不会批准“两者中任何一个”计划。A、C两项用于三者或三者以上,both表示对两者的肯定,与not连用时,表示部分否定。故选D项。
答案: D
4.—We have two seats free here. Which one would you
like
—________! My mother is coming to see the film
with me.(2011·西城第一学期期末)
A.None B.Neither
C.All D.Both
解析:考查代词。根据题干中的two seats可排除A、C(这两项都用于指三者或三者以上);neither指“两者都不”;both指“两者都”。根据答语中的第二句话可知D项符合语意,即两个座位都要。
答案: D
1.明确指代。在解答代词题目时,我们应首先分析题干,明确代词所指代的对象,避免误判。具体说应从以下几个方面考虑:(1)代词指代的是人还是物;(2)代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词;(3)代词指代的概念是特指还是泛指;(4)代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上之间。
2.吃透语境。有些高考试题考查的是代词在具体语境中的灵活运用,这样的题目需要分析具体的语境才能选出正确答案。
1. 对比历年高考题可以看出,介词类考题常集中于一些常
用介词以及介词短语,如at, in, for, from, of, to, on,
with, beyond, until, about, by, since, as around, in all, in
fact, in place of等的用法辨析上。
2.一定要熟悉和掌握常用的介词以及介词短语,辨识介
词在具体语境中的含义和用法,养成良好的思考习惯和提高辨识能力。
[链高考—2011·山东]I'm sorry I didn't phone you, but I've been very busy over the past couple of weeks.
对不起,我没有给你打电话,但是在过去的两周里我一直非常忙。
[链高考—2011·江苏]We'd better discuss everything in detail before we work out the plan.
在我们制订计划之前我们最好先详细讨论事情的各个方面。
[链高考—2010·福建]More and more high rise buildings have been built in big cities for lack of space.
因缺少空间,在大城市里,越来越多的高楼拔地而起。
[链高考—2010·浙江]I guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just in case.
我觉得我们以前已经谈论过这件事情了,但是我还会再问你一次,以防万一。
[链高考—2010·江苏]So far we have done a lot to build a low carbon economy, but it is far from ideal. We have to work still harder.
为了发展低碳经济,到目前为止我们已经做了很多,但还远未达到理想程度。
1.He was a good student and scored________ average in
most subjects.(2011·天津高考)
A.below B.of
C.on D.above
解析:考查介词词义辨析。句意:他是一个好学生,大多数学科的分数在平均分之上。above 表示“(数目、数量、水平、年龄)超过、多于”,符合句意。
答案: D
2.________good service, the restaurant offers different kinds
of traditional Fujian dishes.(2011·福建高考)
A.Far from B.Apart from
C.Instead of D.Regardless of
解析:考查介词短语。句意:除了优质的服务外,这个饭店还提供不同种类的传统的福建菜。apart from 表“除……以外”,符合句意。far from远离,远非;instead of 代替,而不是;regardless of 不管,不顾。
答案: B
3.I always wanted to do the job which I'd been
trained________.(2011·浙江高考)
A.on B.for
C.by D.of
解析:考查介词辨析。句意:我经常想做我之前为之受过培训的工作。be trained for意为“为了……而受培训”。
答案: B
4.An excellent teacher is believed to be one who devotes
himself to the children but asks for nothing ________.(2011·杭州第二次质量检测)
A.in turn B.in advance
C.in short D.in return
解析:考查介词短语辨析。句意:人们相信一名优秀的教师是把全部身心投入到孩子身上并且不求回报的人。in return表示“作为(对……的)回报”。前三项分别表示“依次”“提前”“简言之”,都不符合句意。
答案: D
5.—Why did you quit your job
—It was good ________ salary, but I didn't like its working conditions.(2011·江苏南通第二次调研)
A.in need of B.in face of
C.in favor of D.in terms of
解析:考查介词词组辨析。根据“就薪水来说,还不错”可知,选in terms of“就……而言”。in need of表示“需要”; in face of表示“面对”; in favor of表示“支持,赞成”,都与语境不符。
答案: D(共75张PPT)
1. 高考中动词的时态和语态命题,大部分试卷都有2~
3道小题。试题的设问大多是在一定的语境中,所以要求考生必须在所设置的语境中根据所给信息进行选择。
2.时态的考查主要以一般体、进行体和完成体为主。
3.2012年对于动词时态和语态的考查仍可能是高考的
测试重点。试题将继续呈现“情景立意”和“能力立意”的原则,即在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时,注重在上下文中考查时态和语态,注重在语境中考查时态和语态。
讲高频考点
提综合能力
练专题语法
1.一般现在时
(1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作和现在的状态、特征。句
中常用often, usually, every day等时间状语。
[链高考—2010·上海]Every few years, the coal workers have their lungs X rayed to ensure their health.
每隔几年,煤矿工人们都要对肺部进行X光检查,以确保身体健康。
[链高考—2010·辽宁]I do all the cooking for my family, but recently I've been too busy to do it.
通常由我来为家人做饭,但是因为最近很忙,所以我没有时间做。
(2)表示客观事实、普遍真理或自然现象,无论在什么情况
下都用一般现在时表示。
The geography teacher told us the earth travels around the sun.
地理老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。
(3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中, 用现在时代替将来时。
If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting.
如果下午你来,我们就开会。
(4)表示按计划、时刻表规定要发生的动作,用一般现在时表
将来,但限于少数动词。如begin, come, leave, go, arrive,
start, stop, return, open, close等。
The flight takes off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday.
飞机每星期三、五2:30起飞。
2.一般过去时
表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示);用于表示过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。
[链高考—2010·全国卷Ⅱ]Excuse me. I didn't realize I was blocking your way.
对不起,我原来不知道挡你的路了。
[链高考—2010·重庆]The book has been translated into thirty languages since it came on the market in 1973.
自从这本书在1973年上市以来已被翻译成三十种语言。
[链高考—2009·四川]—You speak very good French!
—Thanks. I studied French in Sichuan University for four years.
——你的法语说得真好!
——谢谢,我在四川大学学过四年的法语。
1.Planning so far ahead________no sense—so many things
will have changed by next year. (2011·新课标全国卷)
A.made         B.is making
C.makes D.has made
解析:考查谓语动词的时态。 句子的主语为动名词短语planning so far ahead, 谈论的是现在的一种情况, 因此谓语动词用第三人称单数。
答案: C
2.If you don't like the drink you ________, just leave it
and try a different one.(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)
A.ordered B.are ordering
C.will order D.had ordered
解析:考查时态。句意:如果你不喜欢你点的饮料就别喝,可以试试别的。根据句意,“点饮料”的动作应发生在过去,因此使用一般过去时。
答案: A
3.When I got on the bus, I________ I had left my wallet at
home.(2011·山东高考)
A.was realizing B.realized
C.have realized D.would realize
解析:考查动词的时态。我上车后意识到把钱包忘在家里了。这里描述的是过去发生的一个瞬间动作,所以用一般过去时。
答案:B
4.The fact that so many people still smoke in public
places________that we may need a nationwide
campaign to raise awareness of the risks of
smoking.(2011·江苏高考)
A.suggest B.suggests
C.suggested D.suggesting
解析:考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:目前许多人仍然在公共场所吸烟的这一事实表明我们需要开展一场全国范围的运动来提高人们对吸烟的危险性的认识。根据句意可知应使用一般现在时;本句的主语是the fact,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数,故选B项。
答案: B
5.—That must have been a long trip.
—Yeah, it________us a whole week to get there.(2011·北
京高考)
A.takes B.has taken
C.took D.was taking
解析:考查时态。句中的must have been 是对过去情况的肯定推测,表明谈论的是过去的事情,应用一般过去时,故选C项。
答案: C
1.现在完成时
(1)考生要善于通过已经给出的时间状语、固定句型以
及上下文的暗示准确判断应该使用哪种时态。如果句中出现了“for/over+一段时间”“since+过去时间”或时态为一般过去时的从句等或句中出现了already, never, yet等副词,往往要用现在完成时。
[链高考—2010·新课标全国卷]When you are home, give a call to let me know you have arrived safely.
当你到家时,给我打个电话好让我知道你已经安全到达。
[链高考—2010·山东]Up to now, the program have saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
到现在为止,该项目已救助了上千名不然就会面临死亡的孩子。
(2)下列情况下常用现在完成时。
①It is (has been)+一段时间+since从句
This (That/It) is the first (second...) time that+完成时
[链高考—2009·陕西]This is the first time we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。
②在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示将来某时以前已完成的动作。
[链高考—2010·四川]—When shall we restart our business
—Not until we have finished our plan.
——什么时候我们重新开始我们的事业?
——直到我们已完成我们的计划。
2.过去完成时
(1)过去完成时是一个相对的时态,考生做题时关键看该动
作是否发生在题干中所给的过去的动作或过去的时间之前,如果是就用过去完成时,如果不是就用一般过去时。
[链高考—2011·福建]Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they had received from China.
上个月,日本政府对从中国得到的援助表示感谢。
[链高考—2010·北京]It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.
我花了很长时间才能够完全理解他们为我所做的一切。
(2)by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过
去某一时间的短语或从句,主句用过去完成时。
By the end of last year, another new cinema had been built in our city.
到去年年末,我们城市又建了一座新电影院。
I had learnt 5,000 words before I entered the university.
在我上大学前就学了5000个单词。
(3)表示“一……就……”的几个固定句型:Hardly/No
sooner/Scarcely had+主语+过去分词+when/than/before+从句(一般过去时)。
Hardly (No sooner) had I got home when (than) the rain poured down.
我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。
  intend, mean, hope, want, plan, suppose, expect, think等动词的过去完成时可用来表示过去未曾实现的设想、意图或希望等,含有某种惋惜之情。如:
I had intended to call on you yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.
我本来打算昨天去看你,但我有了一个不速之客。
I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.
我本想去帮你的,但当时确实太忙了。
3.将来完成时
将来完成时表示到将来某一时间,某一动作将会完成,常用的时间状语为“by+将来的某个时间”。
By this time of next year, all of you will have become college students.
到明年的这个时候,你们大家就都成为大学生了。
1.—Tommy is planning to buy a car.
—I know.By next month, he ________enough for a used
one.(2011·江苏高考)
A.saves B.saved
C.will save D.will have saved
解析:考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语by next month可知,到下个月,他将会积攒足够的钱,因此应用将来完成时。
答案: D
2.—I didn't ask for the name list. Why ________on my
desk
—I put it there just now in case you needed it. (2011·安
徽高考)
A.does it land B.has it landed
C.will it land D.had it landed
解析:考查时态。问话人质疑的是名单为什么在自己的书桌上,此处强调的是过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,所以用现在完成时。
答案: B
3.By the time Jack returned home from England, his son
________ from college.(2011·辽宁高考)
A.graduated B.has graduated
C.had been graduating D.had graduated
解析:考查时态。句意:杰克从英国回到家时,他的儿子已经大学毕业了。by the time...“到……的时候”,引导时间状语从句时,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词要用过去完成时。
答案: D
4.—What a mistake!
—Yes, I ________his doing it another way, but without
success.(2011·四川高考)
A.was suggesting B.will suggest
C.would suggest D.had suggested
解析:考查时态。过去完成时表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。根据句意“——愚蠢的错误!——是的,我已建议他换种方式做,但没成功。”可知,建议这一动作发生在犯错误这个动作之前,故应用过去完成时。
答案: D
5.It is the most instructive lecture that I ________ since I
came to this school. (2011·湖南高考)
A.attended B.had attended
C.am attending D.have attended
解析:考查时态。根据后面的状语从句since I came to this school 可知, 此处应用现在完成时态。 句意:这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。
答案: D
1. 现在进行时
表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时的一个动作;表近期特定的安排或计划;go, come等表示起止动作的动词可用进行时代替将来时;与always, often等频度副词连用,表示某种感彩。
[链高考—2011·辽宁]I'll go to the library as soon as I finish what I am doing.
我一做完手头上的活就去图书馆。
[链高考—2008·重庆]Teenagers are damaging their health because they play computer games too much.
青少年们正在损害自己的健康,因为他们玩的电脑游戏太多了。
The girl is always talking loud in public.
这个小女孩总是在公众场合下大声谈话。
2.过去进行时
(1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某动作在某一阶段内
发生或频繁发生。
[链高考—2009·山东]I was out of town at the time, so I don't know exactly how it was happening.
那时我不在镇上,因此我不知道那时候究竟发生了什么事情。
[链高考—2010·新课标全国卷]—Have you finished reading Jane Eyre
—No, I was doing my homework all day yesterday.
——你读完Jane Eyre这本书了吗?
——没有,昨天我一整天都在写作业。
(2)某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生,其中一个在由
when或while引导的时间状语从句中。持续性动作用过
去进行时,短暂性动作用一般过去时。
When she was reading the newspaper, Granny fell
asleep.
奶奶读着报就睡着了。
The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it.
那位记者说,当他看到时,不明飞行物正在自东向西飞行。
3.现在完成进行时
(1)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且现在
还在进行。
[链高考—2011·北京]Tom has been working in the library every night over the last three months.
在过去的三个月里,汤姆一直每晚都在图书馆工作。
[链高考—2010·天津]We have been working on this project for four hours. Let's have a rest.
我们工作已持续了四个小时,咱们休息一下吧!
[链高考—2010·陕西]I have to see the doctor because I have been coughing a lot lately.
因为我最近一直咳嗽的厉害所以我必须去看医生。
(2)表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,在说话时
刚刚结束。
Where have you been We have been looking for you
everywhere.
你刚才去了哪里?我们一直在到处找你。
4.将来进行时
将来进行时可用于表示将来某个时刻正在发生的动作或者将来某一段时间内正在进行的动作。将来进行时常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。这些常见的标志性状语有:at this time tomorrow/the day after tomorrow, from 1:30 to 4:30 tomorrow/the day after tomorrow。
[链高考—2009·安徽]Daniel's family will be enjoying their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.
Daniel 的一家人下星期这个时候将在黄山度假。
I will be having a meeting from 2:30 to 5:30 tomorrow afternoon.
明天下午2:30到5:30我将正在开会。
1.—Joan, what ________ in your hand
—Look! It's a birthday gift for my grandma. (2011·湖南
高考)
A.had you held B.are you holding
C.do you hold D.will you hold
解析:考查时态。根据答语中的Look!可知,“拿”的动作正在进行,故用现在进行时。 句意:“Joan, 你手里拿的是什么?”“看看! 这是给我奶奶的生日礼物。”
答案: B
2.The manager was worried about the press conference
his assistant ________ in his place but, luckily,
everything was going on smoothly.(2011·浙江高考)
A.gave B.gives
C.was giving D.had given
解析:考查动词的时态。从语意“经理很担心现在助手正在代他参加的新闻发布会……”可知,give的动作和was worried这一动作同时发生,根据语意可知用过去进行时。故选C项。
答案: C
3.When Alice came to, she did not know how long she
________there.(2011·新课标全国卷)
A.had been lying B.has been lying
C.was lying D.has lain
解析:考查谓语动词的时态。句意:当Alice醒来时,她不知道自己在那里躺了多久了。由句意可知,爱丽丝在苏醒之前一直在那里躺着。因此空白处应用过去完成进行时。
答案: A
4.—Guess what, we've got our visas for a short term visit
to the UK this summer.
—How nice! You ________ a different culture
then.(2010·福建高考)
A.will be experiencing B.have experienced
C.have been experiencing D.will have experienced
解析:考查时态。由then可知,此处表示将来的某个时候在做某事,故用将来进行时,故选A项。
答案: A
5.Traffic conditions in Beijing ________ for decades. At
first people only complained about jams during rush
hours, but today every hour is rush hour.(2011·东北三
校第一次联考)
A.is worsening B.have worsened
C.have been worsening D.worsened
解析:考查时态。句意:北京的交通状况几十年来一直在恶化。起初,人们只是抱怨交通高峰期的堵塞,但是如今每个小时都是高峰期。现在完成进行时表示这种状态从过去一直持续到现在,而且还可能继续下去。
答案: C
做有关被动语态的题目可以分两步走:第一步确定正确的时态,第二步确定正确的语态。判断用主动语态还是用被动语态的根据是看主语与谓语动词之间的关系:如果是主谓关系则用主动语态,如果是动宾关系则用被动语态。
1.get+过去分词表被动
They got married last week.
他们上周结婚了。
He fell and got hurt.
他摔倒受伤了。
2.主动形式表被动意义
(1)系动词look, feel, sound, smell, taste, seem, appear, go,
prove, turn等+形容词/名词。
The dish tastes delicious.
这道菜味道可口。
His plan proved (to be) practical.
他的计划被证明符合实际。
(2)表示主语的某种属性的词:read, write, sell, wash,
clean, wear, open, start, shut等,其主语往往是物。
—What about the books
—Books of this kind sell well.
——这些书怎么样?
——这种书很畅销。
The door won't open.
门打不开。
The pen writes smoothly.
这只钢笔写起来流利。
1.In the last few years thousands of films________ all
over the world.(2011·天津高考)
A.have produced B.have been produced
C.are producing D.are being produced
解析:考查动词的时态和语态。根据前面的时间状语“In the last few years”可知应用现在完成时,且“films” 和“produce” 是动宾关系,故应用现在完成时的被动语态,选B项。
答案: B
2.Experiments of this kind________in both the U. S. and
Europe well before the Second World War.(2011·北京高考)
A.have conducted
B.have been conducted
C.had conducted
D.had been conducted
解析:考查时态和语态。因为这种实验在二战之前就已经进行了,应用过去完成时,又因为experiments 与 conduct 之间是动宾关系,所以选D项。
答案: D
3.—What do you think of store shopping in the future
—Personally, I think it will exist along with home
shopping but ________. (2011·安徽高考)
A.will never replace   B.would never replace
C.will never be replaced D.would never be replaced
解析:考查时态和语态。答话人认为商店购物将与家庭购物并存,但是永远不会被取代。it 与replace之间是被动关系,再结合本句的时态 will exist 可知,此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。
答案: C
4.In the near future, more advances in the robot
technology ________ by scientists. (2011·湖南高考)
A.are making B.are made
C.will make D.will be made
解析:考查时态和语态。根据时间状语in the near future 可知,此处应用将来时态。 make 和more advances 之间存在动宾关系,故用被动语态。句意:在不久的将来,在机器人技术方面科学家会取得更大的进展。
答案: D
5.After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team
________ four days later.(2011·上海高考)
A.rescued B.was rescued
C.has rescued D.had been rescued
解析:考查动词的时态和语态。句意:海军小组的一名成员在暴风雨中迷失四天后获救了。member 和rescue之间是被动关系,排除A和C两项;rescue并非发生于迷失之前,不是“过去的过去”,排除D项,故选B,句子只是在陈述过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时。
答案: B(共86张PPT)
1.语法突出高频考点、易错点。在编写中,突出二轮特色,
摒弃不必要的繁文缛节,直击高频考点。从要点讲解到
典题应用再到课堂练习,层层剖析,逐级提高,瞄准一
点,突破一点!
2.突出完形、阅读理解的主体地位。得阅读者得高考。在
学语法的同时,兼顾完形、阅读理解的日常练习;完形、阅读专题分题组、分题型进行专项提升训练。两大题型贯穿整个专题复习过程。
3.考前写作再提醒,从另一个角度美化你的写作。
通过本部分,让你知道高考阅卷流程,明确高考写作
特色,如何取悦阅卷老师。考前教你一招!
综观2011年全国各地高考单项填空,所有试题均能够以《考试大纲》的要求为依据,体现了“着重考查考生对英语基础语法和词汇知识的应用”这一要求,知识要点多,覆盖面广,难度与2010年基本相同。单项填空没有刻意追求语言形式与结构的繁杂,而是注重了语言的交流性和实用性,把对语法、词汇和习惯用语等语言项目的考查融入到了真实的情景之中,体现了语言的交际功能。总的来说,这部分试题主要有以下几个突出特点:
一、覆盖面广,几乎涵盖了《考试大纲》中所有的语法和词汇知识
通过对2011年高考试题的分析,我们可以看出全国近20套英语试题中单项填空所考查的知识几乎涉及了《考试大纲》中语法项目的所有考点。我们归纳分析一下2011年新课标全国卷:情景交际2个,动词和动词短语2个,时态3个,情态动词1个,副词1个,非谓语动词1个,冠词1个,倒装2个,定语从句1个,连词1个,这与《考试大纲》中的要求完全一致。虽然有些考点,如名词,没有在高考中直接呈现,但是在具体的语境中,正确理解名词对解答试题起着很重要的作用。另外,所有试题中所涉及的词汇和短语均没有超纲现象,均以《考试大纲》中的词汇为主。
二、试题难度有所降低,题干简洁明了
学习语言的主要目的是交际,而在实际语言运用中,我们不会刻意去使用一些复杂的句子结构,所以2011年单项填空的词汇简单,句子的长度也在变短。从2011年新课标全国卷试题来看,单项填空试题的句子平均用词为13个左右。另外,试题难度也在降低,在题干设置上也做到了明了和简洁,没有出现长难句。
三、动词依然是高考的热点,同时语境体现出创新性
高考对动词的考查所包含的考点比较多,如动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词、情态动词和动词及动词短语的辨析。从2011年的试题来看,动词仍然是单项填空题的“重中之重”。从具体的语境来看,考查动词的试题也体现了创新性的特点,即考查考生在具体的语境中准确把握动词时态的能力。
(2011·新课标全国卷)I can________the house being untidy, but I hate it if it's not clean.
A.come up with   B.put up with
C.turn to D.stick to
解析:考查动词词组辨析。 句意: 我可以容忍房间里不整齐, 但是我讨厌房间里脏。 put up with“ 容忍, 忍受”, 符合句意。 come up with 想出(办法);turn to转向, 求助于;stick to 坚持。
答案:B
四、语境赋予了比较强的时代感
语言的发展与时代同步,这在高考中也有充分的体现。2011年英语试题中的单项填空紧紧把握住了时代的脉搏,使用了一些现在流行的词汇,增加了语言的生动性。
(2011·福建高考)It was April 29, 2011 ________Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.
A.that B.when
C.since D.before
解析:考查状语从句。句意:2011年4月29日,英国威廉王子和凯特·米德尔顿走入婚姻殿堂。根据句意可知设空处引导时间状语从句,故答案为B项。本题易误选A项,认为本题考查强调句型,如选A项,需在April 29,2011前加上介词on。题干中出现了2011英国威廉王子和凯特·米德尔顿走入婚姻殿堂的有关词汇,这使得句子的时代感增强,同时也体现了语言的学习必须与日常生活相结合的特点。
答案: B
1.名词不仅有普通名词和专有名词之分,还有可数名词和
不可数名词之别。近几年来,高考试题主要涉及名词的
数、名词的格、名词作定语及名词词义辨析等。
2.冠词通常分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)和零冠词三类。
(1)近五年高考重点考查冠词的基本用法,对冠词表泛指、特
指的考查占对冠词考查总题量的38%,这反映了近五年高
考“回归基础”的特点。
(2)对冠词的习惯用法的考查仍然是近五年高考的考查
重点之一。
(3)冠词的活用问题仍是近五年高考的难点。
(4)序数词前加不定冠词或定冠词等用法,仍会成为
2012年高考考查的难点。
讲高频考点
提综合能力
练专题语法
1.view, sight, scene
(1)view(从某角度看到的)景色,风景,自然美景。
(2)sight 情景,景象,看见的事物。
(3)scene 景象,风光,事故现场,场面。
From the top of Mount Tai, you can get a wonderful view of sunrise.
从泰山顶上你可以看到特别美丽的日出风景。
Seeing the scene of children playing happily in the park, I'm full of confidence of my country.
看到孩子们在公园里高兴玩耍的场面,我对我们国家的未来充满了自信心。
2.reputation, impression
(1)reputation 表示“名誉,名声”。
(2)impression 表示“印象”,常用于短语give/leave an
impression on sb.“给某人留下印象”。
[链高考—2010·江苏]The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from his patients,so he has a very good reputation.
这名医生治疗心脏病医术高超,而且从不收病人的礼物,所以享有良好的名誉。
3.state, position, condition, situation
(1)state 状态,样子,情况,形势。
(2)position位置,职位。
(3)condition条件,境况。
(4)situation形势,状况,局面。
[链高考—2009·陕西]From their position on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view of the city.
从他们所在的电视塔顶的位置,游客们能更好地观看这个城市的风景。
School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous situations.
学生们必须接受如何应付危险情况的教育。
He was in a poor state of health.
他的健康状况不佳。
4.mark, sign, signal, symbol
(1)mark 标志,标记。
(2)sign 记号,标记,迹象。
(3)signal 信号。
(4)symbol 象征,符号。
[链高考—2009·湖北]In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was a signal for everyone to stand up.
在课堂上,铃声响起,老师合上书就是我们起立的信号。
[链高考—2011·重庆]In communication, a smile is usually a strong sign of a friendly and open attitude.
在交流方面,微笑通常是友好坦诚态度的明显标志。
1.Always remember to put such dangerous things as
knives out of children's________.(2011·四川高考)
A.touch         B.sight
C.reach D.distance
解析:考查名词词义辨析。out of one's reach表示“在某人够不着的地方”。句意:切记将诸如小刀之类的危险物品放在孩子们够不到的地方。out of touch 失去联系;out of sight看不见;out of distance 离……太远,达不到。
答案:C
2.There's a ________in our office that when it's
somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to
share.(2011·山东高考)
A.tradition B.balance
C.concern D.relationship
解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:在我们办公室有一个传统:有人过生日的时候,他们就会带来一个蛋糕与大家分享。tradition“惯例,传统”,符合题意。
答案:A
3.What's the________,in your opinion, of helping him if
he doesn't make an effort to help himself (2011·江西高考)
A.sympathy B.theme
C.object D.point
解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:依你看,如果他都不努力帮他自己,那我们帮他的目的是什么呢?what's the point of...表示“……的目的(意图)是什么?”。sympathy同情;theme主题; object物体。
答案:D
4.Anyway, I can't cheat him — it's against all my
________.(2011·浙江高考)
A.emotions B.principles
C.regulations D.opinions
解析:考查名词词义辨析。句意:不管怎样,我不能欺骗他——那是违背我的原则的。由此可知此处选B项,principle 表示“行为准则”。emotion情感;regulation法规,规则;opinion观点,看法。
答案:B
5.China has got a good ________ for fighting against the
flu with its careful and smooth organization.(2011·济南
二模)
A.reputation B.influence
C.impression D.knowledge
解析:考查名词词义辨析。reputation 意为“名誉,名声”;influence意为“影响,作用”;impression意为“印象”;knowledge意为“知识”。句意:中国在与流感作斗争中因细致与平稳的安排获得了好的名声。
答案:A
根据目前高考试题的情况可知,名词辨析主要分为三大类,即词义、词形、用法。考生一方面要弄清楚同义词或近义词之间的词义、用法区别;另一方面要学会根据上下文的语境辨析名词。因此考生要注意掌握同义词、近义词的意思,要依据语意、词义进行辨析。
1.抽象名词具体化
具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,具体
指特定的某一件事时,这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。
(1)difficulty 困难; a difficulty 一件难事
(2)experience 经验;an experience 一次经历
(3)failure 失败; a failure一位失败者,一件失败的事
(4)knowledge 知识;a good knowledge 丰富的知识
(5)success 成功;a success一位成功者,一件成功的事
(6)surprise 惊奇; a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事
(7)honour 荣誉; an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事
[链高考—2010·福建]It's a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.
上海世博会给人们带来了快乐,欣赏世博会是一种美好的感受。
His new book was a great success.
他的新书获得巨大成功。
2.有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词
物质名词 可数名词 物质名词 可数名词
drink
饮料 two drinks
两杯饮料 sugar 糖 a sugar
一块糖
coffee
咖啡 a coffee
一杯咖啡 paper 纸 a paper
一张报纸;一篇论文
tea 茶 two teas两杯茶 hair 头发 a hair
一根头发
Would you like some coffee
你想喝点咖啡吗?
I would like a coffee and two beers.
我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。
1.It is ________ great honor for China to develop
________ fastest computer in today's world.(2011·宝鸡市质量检测一)
A.an; an B.an; the
C.a; the D.a; a
解析:考查冠词。句意:中国研发出如今世界上最快的电脑,这真是一件令人荣幸的事。此处honor为抽象名词具体化,要加不定冠词,又因为great是以辅音音素开头的单词,应该用a;第二空形容词最高级前要用定冠词。
答案:C
2.The book has been considered as ________ must read
for those who want to get ________ success.(2011·无锡
市高三检测)
A.the; a B.a; a
C.a; 不填 D.the; 不填
解析:考查冠词的用法。a must read泛指“必读物”;get success表示“取得成功”,故选C。
答案:C
3.As it turned out, ________ 2010 World Expo in
Shanghai was ________ success.(2011·海南五校联考)
A.不填; a B.the; 不填
C.the; a D.a; a
解析:考查冠词。第一空处特指2010年上海世博会,应用定冠词the; 第二空后的success是抽象名词具体化,应用不定冠词a,故答案为C。
答案:C
1.不定冠词a(n)表示“某一个”,相当于some,意为“一个”。
—Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons, please
请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走?
—Sorry, we don't have a Johnson here in the village.
对不起,这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。
2.不定冠词a(n)用于抽象名词前。
Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must
on international trade today.
许多人都持相同的看法,在当前国际贸易交往中,英语知
识是必备的。
3.不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐、季节、日期前。
The walk is expected to last all day, so bring a packed lunch.
这段路程预计要走一整天,所以带一份盒装午饭。
It's a wise choice to use a four wheel drive on a snowy day.
在下雪天使用四轮车是一个明智的选择。
4.“a/an+序数词”不表示排序,表“又一、再一”。
Can you give me a second chance, please?(another chance)
再给我一次机会好吗?
5.不定冠词a或an用于形容词最高级前无比较含义,表示程
度,意为 “很,非常”。
—Did you have a good time yesterday, Jane
—Yes, as you know, the party went on in a most pleasant atmosphere.
——简,你昨天玩得好吗?
——是的,你知道,晚会一直在很愉快的气氛中进行。
1.It is generally accepted that ________boy must learn to
stand up and fight like ________man. (2011·新课标全
国卷)
A.a; a    B.a; the
C.the; the D.a; 不填
解析:考查冠词的用法。 句意:人们普遍认为男孩儿必须学会像男人那样勇敢地站起来去战斗。 两个空都表示泛指, 因此都填不定冠词a。
答案:A
2.As he reached ________front door, Jack saw
________strange sight. (2011·全国卷Ⅱ)
A.the; 不填 B.a; the
C.不填; a D.the; a
解析:考查冠词的用法。句意:杰克到前门时,他看到一个奇怪的景象。第一空the front door 表示“前门”,表示特指用 the; 第二空表示“一种奇异的景象”,表示泛指,故用a。
答案:D
3.www., which has ________ food and drink
programme with clear explanations, is ________ very
popular website.(2011·西城第一学期检测)
A.a; the B.the; 不填
C.a; a D.不填; a
解析:考查冠词的用法。句意:www. 是一个很受欢迎的网站,它里面有一个配有清晰讲解的饮食节目。根据句意可知,本题中的两空处都表示泛指,因此都用不定冠词。
答案:C
4.What disappointed ________ Chinese most is that the
national football team was kicked out of the Asian Cup ________ second time, with four points from three matches.(2011·南京二模)
A.the; a B.不填; a
C.the; the D.不填; the
解析:考查冠词用法。句意:最让中国人失望的是国家足球队又一次被踢出了亚洲杯,三场比赛只得了四分。the Chinese表示“中国人”;不定冠词与序数词连用表示“再一;又一”。
答案:A
5.I was invited to have ________ good breakfast and
________ restaurant we went to was excellent.(2011·江西杭州市适应性测试)
A.a; the B.不填; the
C.the; a D.a; 不填
解析:考查冠词。句意:我应邀吃了一顿丰盛的早餐,并且我们去的餐馆也很好。在三餐前一般不用冠词,但当三餐前有形容词修饰时,需要加冠词,此处泛指一顿丰盛的早餐,应用不定冠词a;restaurant后面有一个定语从句,表特指,应用the。
答案:A
1.用在世界上独一无二的人或物、自然现象、表示方位或
表示发明物等的名词前。
The earth moves around the sun.
地球围绕太阳转。
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
1876年亚历山大贝尔发明了电话。
[注意] 有些物体虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。如space太空,nature自然,man人类等。
2.用在序数词和形容词最高级前面。
Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in
China.
在中国杨利伟是第一个登上太空的人。
3.用在表示计量的名词前,如by the hour,by the day,
by the dozen,by the yard等,但是如表示单位的名词
为不可数名词,之前不用冠词,如by weight/height等。
I got paid by the hour.
我按小时得到报酬。
4.用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。
It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties
went to university for further education.
在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修不罕见了。
1.Take your time — it's just________short distance from
here to________restaurant.(2011·山东高考)
A.不填; the        B.a; the
C.the; a D.不填; a
解析:考查冠词。句意:不用急,从这里到饭店只有一小段路程。a short distance 表示“一小段距离”;由语意可知restaurant指双方都知道的那个饭店,所以用定冠词the。
答案:B
2.—It's said John will be in a job paying over $60,000
_____year.
—Right, he will also get paid by_____week.(2011·江西高考)
A.the; the B.a; the
C.the; a D.a; a
解析:考查冠词。句意:“据说约翰会得到一份年薪超过60 000美元的工作。” “是的,而且会按周付薪。”第一空用a,构成a year 相当于every/per year, 而“by the+时间”即“按……计算”,如 by the hour/week/month/year“按时/周/月/年计算”。
答案:B
3.As is known to all, ________ People's Republic of China
is ________ biggest developing country in the world.
(2011·陕西高考)
A.the; 不填 B.不填; the
C.the; the D.不填; 不填
解析:考查冠词。句意:众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。第一空处,由普通名词构成的专有名词前面要用定冠词; 第二空处,最高级前应使用定冠词。故选C项。
答案: C
4.The most important thing about cotton in history is
________ part that it played in ________ Industrial
Revolution.(2011·江西八校联考)
A.不填; 不填 B.the; 不填
C.the; the D.a; the
解析:考查冠词。part后面有that引导的定语从句限定,所以第一空应该用定冠词;第二空,Industrial Revolution(工业革命)是由普通名称构成的专有名词,前面应该加定冠词。
答案: C
5.The education of ________ young is always ________
hot and serious topic in modern society.(2011·山西太
原模拟)
A.the; 不填 B.a; the
C.不填; the D.the; a
解析:考查冠词。第一空是the+形容词,这里表示“年轻人”;第二空表示“一个热门而严肃的话题”,表泛指,故用不定冠词a,故选D项。
答案: D
1.连系动词turn后作表语的单数可数名词不用冠词,但名词前
若有形容词作定语时,则必须加冠词。
Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer/became a writer.
鲁迅成为作家前是医生。
2.as/though引导的让步状语从句中,如果作表语的名词置于
句首,习惯上单数名词前不用冠词。
Clever boy as he is, he can't solve such a difficult problem.
尽管他是聪明的孩子,他无法解决这么难的问题。
3.在某些独立主格结构,如“单数名词+介词短语”中,
名词前不用冠词。
He rushed into the classroom,book in hand.
他冲进教室,手里拿着一本书。
4.no与such连用时应放在such之前,such后的名词不用
冠词。
[链高考—2010·重庆]Everything comes with a price; there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.
一切都是有代价的,因为天下没有“免费的午餐”。
5.称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作宾语补
足语及同位语时,不加冠词。常用名词有king,
president,chairman,monitor,head等。
Hu Jintao, chairman of the People's Republic of China, is considered as a wise leader.
胡锦涛,中华人民共和国主席,被认为是一位英明的领袖。
1.Dr.Peter Spence, ________headmaster of the school,
told us,“ ________fifth of pupils here go on to study
at Oxford and Cambridge.”(2011·四川高考)
A.不填; A B.不填; The
C.the; The D.a; A
解析:考查冠词。表示职位名称的词作同位语或补足语时,之前不用冠词,所以headmaster之前不用冠词;A fifth of pupils为五分之一的学生,所以第二空前用不定冠词。
答案: A
2.The only solution to ________ global warming is to carry
out ________ low carbon economy.(2011·临沂市质量检测)
A.the; 不填 B.不填; the
C.不填; a D.the; the
解析:考查冠词。句意:解决全球变暖的唯一方法是实施低碳经济。global warming是抽象名词,前面不用冠词;a low carbon economy中的不定冠词表示“一种”。
答案: C
3.It is reported that ________ earthquake in Mar. 24, in
Burma has damaged many buildings, many of which are beyond ________ repair.(2011·枣庄高三调研)
A.the; 不填 B.an; a
C.an; the D.不填; the
解析:考查冠词。第一空,特指发生在缅甸的地震,故用定冠词;第二空,beyond repair含义为“无法修理”,不加冠词。
答案: A
4.—How about ________ party
—Cool! It was really ________ great fun! Pity you
weren't there.(2011·海淀第二学期期中练习)
A.a; a B.the; a
C.the; 不填 D.a; 不填
解析:考查冠词用法。问句指的是双方都知道的那次晚会,是特指;fun是不可数名词,故用零冠词。
答案: C
在英语中,一些习语或短语中名词前有无冠词意义截然不同,常见的这类短语有:
at table            在吃饭;
at the table 在桌旁
by day 在白天;
by the day 按日计算
in possession of 拥有
in the possession of 为……所有
out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 不可能(共56张PPT)
1. 形容词、副词辨析是近五年高考的热点。
2.对于形容词、副词比较等级的考查仍然是近五年高
考的重点,但对此点的考查具有“淡化语法,注重深
层语义”的特点。
3.形容词作状语也是高考常考点之一。
讲高频考点
提综合能力
练专题语法
1.所提供的四个形容词或副词是在意义或用法上相近或
拼写形式上相似的易混、易错单词。这类题目难度较大,学生要对单词所适用的语境、单词的准确含义有比较清晰的了解。
2.做这类题目时只靠考场上的发挥是远远不够的,要
在平时的学习中加强对单词、短语的记忆和辨析,做题时,要结合语境,注意惯用法和固定搭配,认真辨析,从而作出最佳选择。
[链高考—2011·江西]The house was too expensive and too big. Besides, I'd grown fond of our little rented house.
这个房子太大、太贵了,此外我已经越来越喜欢我们的小出租屋了。
[链高考—2010·陕西]Studies show that people are more likely to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
研究表明如果长期坐在电脑前人常常患有背部疾病。
[链高考—2010·山东]Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have flexible schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
外出工作的母亲们应具有灵活的时间表以使她们照顾孩子们更容易些。
[链高考—2010·辽宁]Jim went to answer the phone.
Meanwhile, Harry started to prepare lunch.
Jim去接电话。在这期间,Harry去准备午饭。
1.The young man couldn't afford a new car.________, he
bought a used one.(2011·天津高考)
A.Besides        B.Otherwise
C.Instead D.Still
解析:考查副词辨析。句意:这个年轻人买不起新车。他买了一辆二手车以代之。C项表示“代替”,符合句意。
答案: C
2.She has already tried her best.Please don't be too
________ about her job.(2011·江西高考)
A.special B.responsible
C.unusual D.particular
解析:考查形容词词义辨析。句意:她已经尽力了,请不要对她的工作太挑剔。 be too particular about...“对……太挑剔(讲究)”,符合句意。 special特殊的; responsible有责任的; unusual不同寻常的。
答案: D
3.My schedule is very ________ right now, but I'll try to fit
you in.(2011·浙江高考)
A.tight B.short
C.regular D.flexible
解析:考查形容词辨析。根据语意“我的安排很紧……”可知,tight表示“紧的”,符合语境。short表示“短的”;regular表示“有规律的”;flexible表示“灵活的”。
答案: A
4.Nowadays, there is a ________ increase in children's
creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.(2011·福建高考)
A.sharp B.slight
C.natural D.modest
解析:考查形容词辨析。句意:当今,孩子的创造力急剧提高,因为他们被大大鼓励去发展个人才能。sharp “急剧的”,符合题意。slight轻微的;natural 自然的;modest 谦虚的,中等的。
答案: A
1.A is+倍数+比较级+than+B
2.A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
3.A is+倍数+the+名词(size, length, height等)+of+B
4.A is+倍数+that+of+B
5.A is+倍数+what引导的名词性从句
[链高考—2009·辽宁]Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's, but it cost twice as much as his.
彼得的夹克衫看起来与杰克的一样,但是却是他的价钱的两倍。
The money he earns is three times that of hers.
=He earns twice more than her.
他的收入是她的三倍。
1.The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games
will be ________ the present one. (2011·陕西高考)
A.as three times big as B.three times as big as
C.as big as three times D.as big three times as
解析:考查倍数表达法。英语中常见的表达倍数的句型有:①... times+as +adj./adv. (原级)+as...; ②...times+adj./adv.(比较级)+than... ; ③...times+the length/width/...+of...。故B项符合。
答案: B
2.According to statistics, a man is more than twice as
likely to die of skin cancer ________ a woman.(2011·豫
南四校高三调研)
A.than B.such
C.so D.as
解析:考查倍数表达法。句意:根据数据,男性死于皮肤癌的可能性是女性的两倍还要多。twice as... as表示“是……的两倍”。
答案: D
3.It is reported that a new planet has been discovered
recently. It's ________ Earth, and hopefully it can
support human life.(2011·太原市部分重点中学检测)
A.almost three times the size of
B.three times the size than
C.three times almost as large than
D.almost three times as larger as
解析:考查倍数表达法。倍数表达法要注意三种结构:A is+倍数+the size/height/weight/...of+B;A is+倍数+bigger/larger/...than+B;A is+倍数+as big/large/...as+B。故A项的表达正确。
答案: A
1. 平级比较。
用as...as, not as/so...as, the same as, such...as引导。
Henry is a worker as good as Peter(is).
=Henry is as good a worker as Peter(is).
=Henry is such a good worker as Peter(is).
Henry和Peter一样都是好工人。
It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。
he work is not as difficult as you imagine.
这工作不是你想象的那么难。
2.“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越……,
越……”。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you'll make.
你越仔细,犯的错误就越少。
3.the+比较级+of the two+名词,表示“两个中较
……的”。
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
那两个男孩中较高的是我的哥哥。
4.“否定式谓语+比较级”有最高级的含义。
Your story is perfect; I've never heard a better one
before.
你的故事太完美了,我从来没有听到比这好听的故事。
—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting
—No. It couldn't have been worse.
——你对他会议上说的满意吗?
——不,不能再差了。
1.—How was your recent trip to Sichuan
—I've never had________one before.(2011·四川高考)
A.a pleasant B.a more pleasant
C.a most pleasant D.the most pleasant
解析:考查形容词比较级的用法。否定词加比较级往往表示最高级的概念。如:He couldn't have done better.他做得再好不过了。句意:“你最近的四川之行怎么样?”“这是我所有旅行中愉快的一次。”故选B。
答案: B
2.—You've got a stomachache But we ate at the same
place. How come my stomach is fine
—You have an iron stomach! Mine isn't ________ strong.(2011·河南质量调研)
A.as B.such
C.much D.enough
解析:考查比较句式。语意表示“我”的胃不如你的胃结实,题干中含有“not as/so+形容词+as”结构,表示前者不如后者……因此空处填as。可把题干还原为:Mine isn‘t as/so strong as yours.。
答案: A
3.—Who would you like to be your assistant, Jack or
David
—If I had to choose, David would be _____choice.(2011·
沈阳六校3月诊断)
A.good B.the better
C.a better D.the best
解析:考查形容词的比较级。根据语意,此处是特指两个人当中比较好的那一个,所以用the better。
答案: B
4.Though Alice is busy, music has always been ________
her work.(2011·江西七校联考)
A.as much a part of her life as
B.as a part of her life much as
C.as much as a part of her life
D.so much a part of her life as
解析:句意:尽管艾丽斯很忙,但音乐和工作一样,是她生活的一部分。结构“A is as much...as B”,表示“A和B一样都……”,故A项正确。
答案: A
5.Look! How much ________ Alice looks wearing her new
show dress!(2011·山西太原模拟)
A.well B.good
C.better D.best
解析:考查形容词的比较级。much后面不能接形容词的原级和最高级,而应该用形容词的比较级,结合语意选C项。
答案: C
[链高考—2008·北京]After a long journey, the three of them got back home, hungry and tired.
经过长时间旅行后,他们三个回到了家,又饿又累。
He lay in bed, wide awake.
他躺在床上醒着。
1.________, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine
to people through her smile.(2010·安徽高考)
A.Shy and cautious
B.Sensitive and thoughtful
C.Honest and confident
D.Lighthearted and optimistic
解析:考查形容词的用法。由后半句的“她用自己的微笑把阳光传播给人们”可知,她无忧无虑而且非常乐观。故选D项。
答案: D
2.________, the driver looked at the vast desert without
knowing if he could get across safely.(2011·江西七校高
三联考)
A.Tiredly and sadly     B.Tired and sad
C.Tired and sadly D.Tiredly and sad
解析:考查形容词作伴随状语。句意:又累又伤心,这个司机看着广阔的沙漠,不知道自己能否安全穿越。此处主语为the driver,此处用形容词作伴随状语用来描述主语的状态。
答案: B
3.Thinking that her daughter was doing homework, the
mother left the room, ________.(2011·青岛市第二次模拟)
A.quickly and gentle B.quick and gentle
C.quickly and gently D.quick and gently
解析: quick and gentle 在句中是形容词短语作伴随状语,往往用逗号隔开。
答案: B
1. 副词修饰形容词或其他副词时,一般位于被修饰词的前
面,但enough要放在被修饰词的后面。
Although she did not know Boston well, she made her
way easily enough to the post office.
虽然她对波士顿不熟,但她仍然很轻松地到了邮局。
2.can not/never与enough或too连用表示“无论怎样都不过
分;越……越好”。
—I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
—You can never be too careful in the street.
——我在街上正独自骑行,突然一辆轿车切进来把我撞倒了。
——在大街上你再小心也不为过。
3.though副词,表示语义的转折,意为“然而”,常放在
句子末尾。
[链高考—2010·浙江]Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isn't it rather risky, though
在结冰的场地上玩耍听起来很有趣,然而,这难道不是太冒险了吗?
1.We only had $100 and that was ________ to buy a new
computer.(2010·辽宁高考)
A.nowhere near enough  B.near enough nowhere
C.enough near nowhere D.near nowhere enough
解析:考查形容词、副词的排列顺序。enough修饰形容词、副词时,通常要放在被修饰词语的后面。nowhere near为副词,意为“差得远,远不及”。句意:我们只有100美元。这笔钱远远不够买一台新电脑。根据语意选A项。
答案: A
2.—Have you got accustomed to your new job
—Well, yes. It's not as good as I expected, ________.
(2011·江西七校联考)
A.though B.but
C.too D.either
解析:句意:“你适应新工作了吗?”“是的,但是没有我预料中的好。”根据语境可知,此处应用副词though“(尤用于句末补充说明,使语气减弱)不过,可是,然而”。
答案: A
3.Time is pressing. You cannot start your task ________
soon.(2011·皖南八校第三次联考)
A.too B.very
C.so D.as
解析:考查副词辨析。cannot...too...意为“再……也不
为过”。
答案: A
   1.以a开头的形容词多作表语,若作定语,须后置。此类形容词不用very修饰,但可用其他副词修饰。如:The fish is alive./He is a great man alive.
2.下列以 ly结尾的词是形容词,不是副词:lively活泼热情的;lonely孤独的;lovely可爱的;deadly致命的;friendly友好的;ugly丑陋的;silly傻的;motherly慈母般的;brotherly兄弟般的;sickly多病的;likely可能的;kindly关怀的。如:a sickly child一个多病的孩子;be likely of success有可能成功;an ugly wound一个丑陋的伤口;a friendly match一场友谊赛。(共68张PPT)
1. 状语从句是每年高考单项填空部分必考的题目之一,
试题的设问呈现出交叉和综合的特点。考查状语从句
试题的四个选项中往往给出尽可能多的不同性质的连
词,有时干扰项还从定语从句或名词性从句的角度进
行干扰。
2.对于让步状语从句的考查呈明显上升趋势,而对时
间状语从句、条件状语从句的考查相对稳定。
3.whatever, whenever, wherever等引导词与no matter
wh 等引导词的不同用法也是考查的热点。
讲高频考点
提综合能力
练专题语法
[链高考—2010·全国卷Ⅱ]Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.
汤姆正要关窗户,这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
我们正开着会突然有人闯入。
[注意] when还可表原因,意为“既然”。
How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me
既然他们不听我说,我怎么帮他们理解?
2.as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the
moment,the minute,the instant,no sooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)
这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming.
我一听到那个声音,我就知道父亲来了。
3.before
(1)若表达“还未……就……;不到……就……;……才
……;趁……;还没来得及……就……”时,需要连词before。
[链高考—2010·福建]The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
小女孩还没来得及按门铃,门就突然开了,并且她的朋友冲出来问候她。
Please write it down before you forget it.
趁你现在没忘把它记下来。
(2)It will be+一段时间+before...多久之后才……。
[链高考—2010·陕西]John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.
约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。
It's quite a time since he got injured, but it won't be long before he returns to the court.
他受伤已经有一段时间了,但是用不了多久他就会重返球场。
1.One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend
away ________ my daughter heard cries for help.(2011·浙江高考)
A.after         B.while
C.since D.when
解析:考查连词辨析。语意表示我们正在收拾行李,这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。be doing...when...表示“正在做某事,这时(突然)……”,是常用结构,故选D项。
答案:D
2.He had no sooner finished his speech________the
students started cheering.(2011·辽宁高考)
A.since B.as
C.when D.than
解析:考查固定句型。no sooner ...than...“一……就……”为固定句型,故D项正确。hardly...when...也表示“一……就……”。
答案:D
3.As is reported, it is 100 years________Qinghua University
was founded.(2011·四川高考)
A.when B.before
C.after D.since
解析:考查状语从句。since conj. 自……以来,从……以后,引导时间状语从句。句意:据报道,自清华大学建立以来已有一百年了。It is+一段时间+since从句表示“自从……以来已有多长时间了”。
答案:D
4.If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won't bother to
see it, or I'll wait ________ it comes out on DVD.(2011·上海高考)
A.whether B.after
C.though D.until
解析:考查状语从句。句意:如果很多人都说一部电影不好,我就不会去(电影院)看,或者我会等到它的DVD出版。由句意可知D为正确答案。
答案:D
5.—How long will it be ________ the professor makes
another visit to China
—It all depends.(2011·江苏南通市第一次调研)
A.until B.before
C.since D.when
解析:考查状语从句。根据句意可知,此处表示“教授多久之后才会再次访问中国呢?”,所以用before表示“在……之前”,故选B项。
答案:B
1. 通常由连词where和wherever引导,从句可位于主句之
前,也可位于主句之后。
[链高考—2009·山东]The little girl who got lost decided to
remain where she was and wait for her mother.
这个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她妈妈。
When solving the problem a second time, you'd better be
more careful where you made a mistake.
当你第二次解决这个问题的时候,你要在出过差错的地方
更加小心。
2.地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
Where there's a will, there's a way.
有志者事竟成。
Where(ver) there's plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green.
哪里阳光雨水充足,哪里的田野就绿油油。

     where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词,而在
定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。
Bamboo grows best where it's wet and rainy.
竹子在潮湿多雨的地方长得最快。
Bamboo grows best in places where it's wet and rainy.
竹子在潮湿多雨的地方长得最快。
1.There she was, standing exactly ________ I had left her,
crying bitterly.(2011·郑州六校质量检测)
A.when B.that
C.where D.in which
解析:考查状语从句。句意:她就站在我刚才离开她的那个地方悲痛地哭。where I had left her是地点状语从句。
答案:C
2.—Dad, the company is in trouble now. I want to resign
as manager.
—I advise you to stay in the post. The company needs you right ________ you are at the critical moment.(2011·江西省抚州市适应性测试)
A.who B.what
C.where D.in which
解析:考查状语从句。where引导地点状语从句。语境:在这关键时刻,公司需要你坚守你现在所在的岗位。
答案:C
3.Today, we will begin ________ we stopped yesterday so
that no point will be left out.(2010·重庆高考)
A.when B.where
C.how D.what
解析:考查状语从句。where在此处引导地点状语从句。
答案:B
1.通常由if, unless“如果不,除非”,as(so) long as“只要”,
in case(that)“结果,万一”,once “一旦”等连词引导。
[链高考—2010·山东]The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult.
学校规则规定:除非有大人的陪伴,否则任何孩子白天都不允许外出学校。
[链高考—2010·江西]—Our holiday cost a lot of money.
—Did it Well, that doesn't matter as long as you enjoyed yourselves.
——我们的假期花费了许多钱。
——是吗?只要你们玩得开心那没关系。
[链高考—2010·北京]Once they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.
学生一旦决定上哪个大学,他们就应该了解一下入学手续。
2.由on condition (that); provided (that); providing(that)(
假若;倘使);supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。
You can go swimming on condition that you don't go too far from the river bank.
只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。
Supposing an earthquake happens, what should we do
假设地震发生,我们该怎么办?
1.He had his camera ready________he saw something
that would make a good picture.(2011·山东高考)
A.even if B.if only
C.in case D.so that
解析:句意:他准备好了相机,万一看见能拍一张好照片的东西(就可以拍下来了)。结合句意,可知应选in case,意为“以防,万一”。even if 即使;if only 要是……就好了;so that 表结果或目的。
答案:C
2.My students, ________ you have a heart loving life, you
can always find things that would make you happy each day.(2011·郑州六校质量检测)
A.as long as B.if only
C.as though D.even though
解析:考查连词用法。句意:我的学生们,只要你们有一颗热爱生活的心,你们每天总能发现让你们开心的事情。as long as表示“只要”。后三项分别表示“但愿”“似乎”“即使”,都不符合句意。
答案:A
3.________ children believe they can succeed, they will
never become totally independent.(2011·河南部分重点中学联考)
A.If B.Though
C.Unless D.When
解析:考查连词用法。句意:除非孩子们相信他们能够成功,否则他们将永远无法完全独立。unless表示“除非;如果不”,相当于if not。
答案:C
4.—Have you got enough members
—Carol says she will join us ________ the salary meets her expectations.(2011·西城4月一模)
A.until B.if
C.though D.unless
解析:考查连词用法。Carol加入的条件是薪水要达到她的期望,所以用if“如果”来引导条件状语从句。
答案:B
1.让步状语从句可由although,though,as,while,
even if(though),whatever,whether...or...,no
matter who (when,what...)等引导。
[链高考—2009·湖南]Although the police thought he was the most likely one,since they had no exact proof about it,they could not arrest him.
尽管警察认为他是最有可能的一个,由于他们没有确凿的证据,他们就不能拘留他。
[链高考—2010·上海]However serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
不论你的问题有多严重,你都应该鼓起勇气,接受挑战。
[链高考—2010·安徽]The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, even if they have the interest.
工程师们很忙,即使他们对户外活动感兴趣,他们也没有时间。
All the nations should be equal, whether they are strong or not.
所有的国家都应平等,不管它们是否强大。
2.as引导的让步状语从句的常见的几种倒装方式:
(1)如果从句的谓语部分为“不及物动词+副词”时,常
将从句中的副词提到从句的句首。
Hard as you may try,you will not succeed.
尽管你努力了,你可能不会成功。
(2)如果从句的谓语部分为“情态动词+不及物动词”,
常将这个不及物动词提到从句的句首。
Wait as you may,he will not see you.
尽管你等了,他可能不会见你。
(3)如果从句的谓语部分是“系动词+单数名词”,则常将
这个作表语的名词提前,但这个名词前面的不定冠词
要省略。
Child as he is,he can tell right from wrong.
尽管他还是个孩子,他能明辨是非。
3.while作“尽管”讲,引导让步状语从句时,往往放在句首。
[链高考—2011·北京]While volleyball is her main focus, she's also great at basketball.
尽管她把重点都放在排球上,可她也擅长篮球。
While the Internet is of great help, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it.
尽管因特网对我们有很大的帮助,但我认为花太多的时间上网也不是一个好主意。
1.________all of them are strong candidates, only
one will be chosen for the post. (2011·陕西高考)
A.Since B.While
C.If D.As
解析:考查状语从句。句意:虽然他们都是很强的候选人,但是只有一个人能被选来担任这一职务。根据句意应该选B, while 此处意为“虽然” 引导让步状语从句。
答案:B
2.________ regular exercise is very important, it's
never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.(2011·天津高考)
A.If B.As
C.Although D.Unless
解析:考查连词。句意:尽管有规律的锻炼是很重要的,但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。根据句意可知,此处是一个让步状语从句,故用 although 引导。
答案:C
3.No matter how________, it is not necessarily
lifeless.(2011·辽宁高考)
A.a desert may be dry B.dry a desert may be
C.may a desert be dry D.dry may a desert be
解析:考查句子语序。句意:无论沙漠多么干,它并不一定没有生命存在。首先,how 后面紧跟的应是其修饰的形容词dry,故排除A、C两项;此外,此处要用陈述句语序,故B项正确。
答案:B
4.Try______she might,Sue couldn't get the door
open. (2011·新课标全国卷)
A.if B.when
C.since D.as
解析:考查as的用法。 连词as引导让步状语从句, 从句通常采用倒装语序, 即把表语、状语或动词放在句首。因此可判断空白处填as。 句意:虽然Sue可能尝试了, 但是她无法打开门。
答案:D
5.She is a crazy fan of this singer. ________ she
listens to his songs hundreds of times, she will never get tired.(2011·潍坊市抽样监测)
A.If B.As long as
C.Unless D.Even if
解析:考查状语从句。句意:她是这位歌星的疯狂粉丝,即使她已经把他的歌听了上百遍,她也从不厌烦。even if“即使”,符合句意。
答案:D
1.方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式,常由
as“像……一样”,as if(though)“似乎,好像”等引导。
The house was greatly damaged by the truck. We'd
better leave things as they are until the police arrive.
卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样
直到警察到来。
He acted as if nothing had happened.
他表现得好像什么也没发生。
[链高考—2009·天津]I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, as do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
我像许多住在天津闹市区的商人一样,每天乘坐快速列车到滨海新区上班。
2.原因状语从句通常由because, since, as, now that,
seeing (that), considering that等引导。
[链高考—2010·辽宁]The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.
那个老人让Lucy去坐另一张椅子,因为他想挨着他妻子坐。
Seeing that it's raining, we'd better stay indoors.
既然下雨,我们最好待在室内。
Now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself.
既然你已经长大了,就必须自己做这件事。
Considering that I have told you three times, you must know it.
鉴于我已经告诉你三次,你必须知道它。
[注意] for后接从句时,表示原因,但它是并列连词,连接并列句。
1.Jack wasn't saying anything, but the teacher
smiled at him ________ he had done something very clever. (2011·湖南高考)
A.as if B.in case
C.while D.though
解析:考查状语从句。 as if 意为“似乎, 好像”, 引导方式状语从句。句意:Jack 什么也没说,但老师向他笑了笑,好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。
答案:A
2.Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active
process ________ it requires attention as well as memory and imagination.(2011·江西省部分重点中学第二次联考)
A.until B.but
C.unless D.for
解析:考查连词。句意:阅读不同于看电视,它是一个(思维)高度活跃的过程,因为它不仅需要专注还需要记忆和想象。由此可知前后是因果关系,因此用for。
答案:D
3.—Mum, could I go out to play now
—Let me see... Yes, ________ you have finished all your school assignments.(2011·苏北第三次调研)
A.until B.unless
C.while D.since
解析:考查状语从句。根据句中的Yes可知,母亲同意让孩子出去玩,因此选择since(既然),表示母亲同意的原因:既然你已经完成了所有的作业。
答案:D(共63张PPT)
1 .动词同义词、近义词的辨析。
2.动词短语辨析,主要是give, get, take, look, go, turn,
break, make, pick, keep, come等动词所构成的短语
的词义辨析。
3.把动词和动词词组的区别放在鲜活的语境中。
讲高频考点
提综合能力
练专题语法
1.grow, increase, improve, raise
(1)grow“生长”,侧重于人或物的生长、发育,也可指实
力的增长。
(2)increase“增加”,侧重于数量上的增加。
(3)improve“改进,改善”,侧重于质量的提高或改善。
(4)raise “抬高”,侧重于高度和水平的提高。
The company needs to improve performance in all these
areas.
公司需要在所有这些方面改善业绩。
The price of oil increased.
石油价格上涨了。
2.injure, hurt, wound, destroy
(1)injure一般指在意外事故中受伤。
(2)hurt是表示“伤害”的一般用法,既可指对肉体的伤害,
也可指对情感的伤害。
(3)wound常指外伤,尤指在战争、战斗中造成的伤害。
(4)destroy一般指彻底损坏,常译成“毁坏,损坏”。
I didn't want to hurt his feelings.
我不想伤害他的感情。
He was wounded in the battle.
他在战斗中负过伤。
3.beat, hit, strike, defeat, win
(1)beat表示“(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打,击”,还可表
示“打败,胜过”。
Our team beats the American team by eight.
我们队以超过美国队八分的成绩战胜了。
(2)上例中的beat不能用hit, strike代替。在表示“打,击”的
意思时,beat表示连续性的打击;hit表示对准目标打一
下,强调击中;strike表示突然性或一次性的击打。
She hit him out of anger.
她生气地打了他一下。
The tower was struck by lightning.
该塔被闪电击中。
(3)defeat(=beat)是指“击败,战胜”,宾语通常是人或集体。
win是“(在……中)获胜”或“赢”的意思,宾语通常为war, match, game, prize, medal, respect, battle等名词。
He defeated all the other participators and won the prize.
他击败了其他参赛者,获了奖。
4.acquire, get, gain
三个词都有“获得”的意思,但其侧重点各不相同。
(1)acquire多指经过一段时间的努力而获得,获得的内容多
是抽象的东西,并且一旦获得很难失去,如知识等。
(2)get是一般用语,指“得到”。
(3)gain往往指通过努力或有意识的行动而获得有益的东西。
He has acquired a good knowledge of English.
他英语学得很好了。
5.adapt, adjust, adopt, attach
(1)adapt vt.适应;adapt oneself to适应于。
(2)adjust vt.适应,调整,adjust oneself to适应于。
(3)adopt vt.采取,采纳;收养,领养。
(4)attach 把……附(在……上);重视
attach much importance to...非常重视……。
It is difficult for me to adapt/adjust myself to the new
environment.
我很难适应新环境。
In my opinion, you'd better adjust the plan.
依我看来,你最好调整计划。
Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an
orphan.
他们因没有亲生儿女,所以决定领养一个孤儿。
[链高考—2010·江西]Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
父母亲都非常重视教育。他们会尽自己最大的努力给予孩子们无价的馈赠。
1.You are old enough to ________ your own living.(2011·辽
宁高考)
A.win          B.gain
C.take D.earn
解析:考查固定短语。句意:你的年龄已经足以自己谋生了。earn/make one's living “谋生”,为固定短语,故D项正确。
答案: D
2.William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his
eye sight was beginning to ________. (2011·新课标全
国卷)
A.disappear B.fall
C.fail D.damage
解析:考查动词辨析。 句意: William发现他读书越来越困难了, 因为他的视力开始衰退了。 disappear 消失; fall 降落, 跌倒; fail 衰退; damage 损害, 毁坏。 只有fail符合句意。
答案: C
3.I ________ a bank account after I made$1, 000 by doing a
part time job during the summer vacation.(2011·天津高考)
A.borrowed B.opened
C.entered D.ordered
解析:考查动词词义辨析。句意:暑假我做兼职工作挣了1000美元之后,我开了一个银行账户。根据句意,应选B项。
答案:B
4.As the story ________, the truth about the strange
figure is slowly discovered.(2011·安徽高考)
A.begins B.happens
C.ends D.develops
解析:考查动词辨析。句意:随着故事的发展,关于这个神秘人物的真实情况慢慢地被揭开了。develop 表示“发展”,符合句意。
答案: D
5.Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese
government has ________ a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.(2011·苏北四市第三次调研)
A.adapted B.admired
C.adopted D.admitted
解析:考查动词辨析。句意:为了保持平衡,中国政府最近通过了一项鼓励大学毕业生去农村就业的政策。根据语意可知选adopted, adopt a policy通过一项政策。
答案: C
6.Polk was ________ by a democratic challenger in the last
election.(2011·西安二模)
A.defeated B.won
C.controlled D.challenged
解析:此处表示一个人被另外一个人“击败”,因此应用defeat或beat, win的后面只能跟表示“比赛,胜利”等的名词。
答案: A
1.break
break away from 脱离
break down 坏掉;出故障;垮掉
break into 闯入,破门而入
break out (战争)爆发
break in 破门而入
break off 打断;中断
break up 打碎;(物理)分解;分开;结束;制止
—Shall we break off and have a cup of coffee
—I can't agree with you more.
——我们能不能停下来喝杯咖啡?
——我完全赞同。
If you go on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.
如果你继续像那样工作,迟早你会累垮的。
2.call
call for 需要,邀请   call on/at 号召;访问
call in 召集;召来 call up 召唤,召集;打电话
call off 取消
The scene of the children playing happily in the park called up memories of her childhood.
孩子们在公园高兴玩耍的场景勾起了她对童年的回忆。
3.come
come about 发生 come across 偶遇
come to 共计,达到,苏醒 come true 变为现实
come up 走上前,被提出 come up with 提出
come into being 形成 come into use 投入使用
[链高考—2011·安徽]If you come across faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
如果你发现你想要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵,但是你仍想买这辆,就让服务员降价。
4.get
get about 四处走动;传开 get across 传达
get away 逃脱,设法离开 get down 下来;记下
get in 收割;到达 get off 出发;下班
get together 聚会 get through 接通;通过
get down to 开始认真干 get over 克服
get along/on with 进展;相处 get up 起身,起床
[链高考—2010·四川]Jenny was looking for a seat when, luckily, a man got up and left.
詹尼在找座位,幸运的是,这时一位男士起身离开了。
5.give
give up 放弃 give in 屈服
give out 用尽;分发 give away 泄露;赠送;颁发
give off 发出 give back 归还;使恢复
Many rich Americans have long given away money to charities, rather than to their children.
许多美国的富人很早就开始把钱捐给慈善机构,而不是给他们的子女。
6.go
go against 违背;对……不利
go ahead 开始,进展,进行
go after/for 追逐,追求
go without 勉强维持;凑合
go in for 爱好,参加;从事
go through 通过;经历,审查
go over 复习;仔细审查 go by 过去,经过
I always start the day by going through my email.
我每天第一件事就是要看电子邮件。
7.hold
hold back 隐瞒;控制(情感)
hold out 维持;抵抗;硬撑
hold up 使……耽搁
hold on 坚持;别挂(电话)
hold together 团结一致
hold on to 保留,抓住不放
I'd hold on to that house for the time being; house prices are rising sharply at the moment.
我目前要守住这套房子,这段时间房价涨得很快。
8.make
make up for 补偿,弥补 make out 辨认出
make fun of 取笑 make up one's mind 下定决心
make sense 有道理(意义),讲得通
make good/full use of...充分利用……
make up 编造;组成;构成;补齐,凑足
The boy is working harder than ever, hoping to make up the time he has wasted playing online games.
为了把浪费在网络游戏上的时间弥补回来,男孩比之前学习更努力。
9.put
put aside 把……放在一边 put away 把……收好
put down 扑灭,平息 put forward 提出
put off 延期;推诿 put out 扑灭;生产
put up 挂起,张贴;搭起;为某人提供食宿
put up with 忍受,容忍
[链高考—2011·浙江]He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.
他决定当晚直接开车回家,而不住旅馆。
10.turn
turn down 拒绝;调低 turn in 上交
turn out 结果是,证明是 turn over 移交,交给
turn up 出现;调高 turn off 关掉
turn on 打开 turn away 走开
turn to 求助于;翻到
Stella was disappointed to find her new plan turned down and fell into great depression.
Stella看到她的计划被拒绝非常失望,难以振作。
1.—You look upset. What's the matter
—I had my proposal ________again.(2011·江苏高考)
A.turned over B.turned on
C.turned off D.turned down
解析:考查动词短语辨析。从对话可知答话人的建议遭到了拒绝,因此有点儿不快。turn down“拒绝,顶回(提议、建议或提议人)”,符合句意。turn over翻转; turn on 打开;turn off关掉。
答案: D
2.She ________ an old friend of hers yesterday while she
was shopping at the department store.(2011·天津高考)
A.turned down B.dealt with
C.took after D.came across
解析:考查动词词组辨析。句意:昨天在商场购物的时候她偶然碰见她的一个老朋友。D项“(偶然)遇见,碰见”,符合句意。A项“拒绝”;B项“处理”;C项“照顾”,均不符合句意。
答案: D
3.The great damage which the destructive earthquake in
Japan in March 11,2011 ________ made a great many
people homeless.(2011·苏北四市第三次调研)
A.brought in B.brought about
C.brought up D.brought out
解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:2011年3月11日在日本发生的灾难性地震造成的巨大破坏使很多人无家可归。bring about “造成,导致”,符合句意。bring in引进,赚得,提出;bring up养育,抚养;bring out阐明,生产。
答案: B
4.The protestors urged their government to take
measures to ________ their carbon emission to reduce
greenhouse effect.(2011·山西省三市联考)
A.cut off B.cut up
C.cut out D.cut down
解析:考查短语辨析。由语意“反对者敦促政府采取措施减少二氧化碳排放以减少温室效应”可知应用cut down“降低;削减;砍伐”。cut off切断;cut up切碎;cut out裁剪;(马达或发动机)突然熄火,停止运转。
答案: D
1.动词与down构成的短语
break down 坏了,垮了,分解 turn down 调小,拒绝
cut down 削减,砍倒   slow down 慢下来
put down 记下,写下,镇压   tear down 拆毁,拆除
set down 记下
What a pity! The car ran out of sight before I could set down its number.
太糟糕了。我还没有来得及记下它的车号,那辆小汽车就驶出了视野。
2.动词与on构成的短语
depend on 依靠 rely on 依靠
insist on 坚持 carry on 继续,进行
keep/go on 继续 put on 穿上,戴上,上演
feed on 以……为生
You can rely on me to keep your secret.
你可以相信我一定会为你保守秘密。
3.动词与out构成的短语
break out 爆发 point out 指出
carry out 执行,进行 turn out 结果是,生产,培养
work out 算出,想出办法,健身
find out 查出,弄明白
try out 试用,试验 look out 当心,提防
—Have you been working out
—Yeah. As a matter of fact, I've been going to the gym for half a year now.
——你一直在健身吗?
——是的,事实上,我去健身房已有半年了。
4.动词与up构成的短语
give up 放弃,停止,中止 build up 建立
set up 架起,建立 put up 搭起,安装,住宿,张贴
pick up 拾起,学会,收听到
bring up 抚养,呕吐,提出,调出
stay up 熬夜 make up 构成,组成
cut up 切碎 hold up 耽搁,使停顿
[链高考—2010·山东]Sam picked up some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
山姆在观看他人操作电脑的过程中学了些电脑知识。
[链高考—2009·浙江]Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up one's strength, but also develop one's character.
练中国功夫不仅能增强人的力量,还能培养人的性格。
1.You can't predict everything.Often things don't
________as you expect.(2011·江西高考)
A.run out B.break out
C.work out D.put out
解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:你不可能预知一切,往往事情并不如你所愿。 run out 用完,耗尽;break out爆发; work out 产生结果,发展;put out熄灭。 故选C。
答案: C
2.The government has taken measures to________the
high prices of daily goods to keep the market
stable.(2011·湖北高考)
A.take down B.bring down
C.hand down D.tear down
解析:考查动词短语辨析。 句意: 政府已经采取措施降低日用品价格以保持市场稳定。 take down 写下, 拆除; bring down降低, 减少; hand down把…… 传下来; tear down拆除, 拆毁。
答案: B
3.To get a better grade, you should________the notes
again before the test.(2011·四川高考)
A.go over B.get over
C.turn over D.take over
解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:为了取得更好的成绩,你应该在考试前再复习一下笔记。go over “复习,重温”,符合句意。get over解决,克服;turn over 使翻身,使翻转;take over 接替,接管。
答案: A
4.—I'm still working on my project.
—Oh, you'll miss the deadline. Time is ________.(2011·
烟台市第一次诊断)
A.running out B.going out
C.giving out D.losing out
解析:考查动词短语辨析。根据答语的前一句可知时间快要到了,此处是用现在进行时表示将来,run out表示“用完;耗尽”。后三项分别表示“出去”“分发”“输掉”,都不符合语意。
答案: A
5.I sincerely suggest that you try to do your best to finish
this project, unless you don't ________ the complaints
from all directions.(2011·枣庄高三调研)
A.care about B.set about
C.bring about D.go about
解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意:我真心地建议你尽你最大的努力完成这个项目,除非你不在意来自各方的抱怨。从语意的连贯看,这里用care about表示“关心,在乎”。set about开始,着手;bring about 导致,引起;go about着手做某事,继续做某事,忙于某事。
答案: A(共76张PPT)
1. 情态动词是近五年来高考的重点项目。主要考查情
态动词表示“推测、允许、判断”、“情态动词+have
done”结构以及shall, should, can和must表示特定语气。
2.准确把握情态动词在虚拟语气句子结构中的使用。
3.wish, as if/though, if only, would rather+从句,It's
time+从句等句型中的虚拟语气。
4.表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”的词语后及各类从句
中的虚拟语气。
5.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装。
讲高频考点
提综合能力
练专题语法
1.can 和could的用法
(1)表示“能力”。
[链高考—2011·湖南]—No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
—Oh, you are really his big fan.
——在打篮球方面,无人能与姚明相媲美。
——你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。
(2)表示惊讶,常用在否定句和疑问句中。
How could you do such a silly thing
你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢?
(3)cannot... too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”;“越……
越好”。
You can't be too careful while driving.
开车时越小心越好。
2.may和might的用法
(1)may和might表示“许可”,“可能性”,“祝愿”等意义。
①在给予别人许可时,常用can,但有时也用may。不能
用might。
[链高考—2010·四川]—May I take the book out
—I'm afraid not.
——我能将书带出吗?
——恐怕不行。
②“may as well+动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”。
We may as well stay where we are.
我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。
(2)may作“可以”讲时,其否定式常用“mustn't”表示“禁止”;
must作“必须”讲时,其否定式是“needn't”,表示“不必”。
[链高考—2010·陕西]—May I take this book out of the reading room
—No, you mustn't. You read it in here.
——我可以把书拿出阅览室吗?
——不,决不可以,你在这儿读。
3.must的用法
(1)表示禁止(用于否定句)。
[链高考—2010·重庆]You mustn't park here! It's an emergency exit.
你不可以在这儿停车!这是紧急情况出口处。
(2)表示“偏执”,“固执”。
Don't interrupt me, John. Must you force me to tell you
the truth at the moment
约翰,你别打断我说话。你非得逼我这时告诉你真相吗?
4.shall的用法
(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的
意见和向对方请示。
Shall we begin our class
我们可以开始上课吗?
(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命
令、警告、允诺或威胁。
No driving electric motor bikes in some areas is a rule that
you shall obey in Fuzhou.
在一些地区不许骑电动车是你在福州必须遵守的一个规定。
5.will和would的用法
作情态动词的will,would与作助动词的will,would的各种形
式相同。
(1)表示自愿做或主动提出做什么,如意志、愿望或决心等。
would用于过去的情况。
[链高考—2008·北京]John promised his doctor he would not smoke,and he has never smoked ever since.
约翰答应他的医生不再吸烟了,自从那时起他就再也不吸烟了。
I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he will not listen.
我已再三告诉他戒烟,但是他就是不听。
(2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作,有“总是”或“总要”之意。
Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
每天早晨,他总是沿着小河散步。
(3)would 可以表示过去的习惯性动作,比used to正式,但
没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
When we worked in the same firm several years ago, we would often go to the cinema together.
当几年前我们在同一家公司工作时,我们常常一起去电影院。
1.—Will you read me a story, Mummy
—OK. You ________ have one if you go to bed as soon as
possible.(2011·陕西高考)
A.might          B.must
C.could D.shall
解析:考查情态动词。句意:“妈妈,给我讲个故事好吗?”“好的,如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。”shall用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称,表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等,意为“必须,应,可”。
答案: D
2.—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right
now
—I am afraid you ________, in case he comes late for
the meeting. (2011·福建高考)
A.will B.must
C.may D.can
解析:考查情态动词。依据 in case he comes late for the meeting 可知,这里用 must 表示“必须”,强调提醒时间安排的变化的“必要性”。
答案: B
3.I ________ worry about my weekend — I always have my
plans ready before it comes.(2011·上海高考)
A.can't B.mustn't
C.daren't D.needn't
解析:考查情态动词。句意:我不必担心我的周末——我总是在周末来临之前就计划好了。根据下文可知D项“没有必要”符合语境。A项“不能,不可能”;B项“禁止”;C项“不敢”。
答案: D
4.If you ________go, at least wait until the storm is
over.(2011·辽宁高考)
A.can B.may
C.must D.will
解析:考查情态动词。句意:如果你非要走的话,至少等到暴风雨结束。根据句意可知must (一定要)正确。can 能够;may 或许;will 将要。
答案: C
5.—Why didn't you come to Simon's party last night
—I wanted to, but my mom simply________not let me
out so late at night.(2011·重庆高考)
A.could B.might
C.would D.should
解析:考查情态动词。 问话人询问为什么昨晚没有参加Simon的聚会,答话人回答说自己想去,但是妈妈只是不想让自己在这么晚的时候出去。 此处表示的是过去的意愿,因此用would。
答案: C
1. can用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测,意为“有
时会”;用于疑问句中可以表示推测,意为“可能”,有时表示一种惊讶的语气;用于否定句中也可以表示推测,can't 意为“不可能”,语气很强烈。
[链高考—2008·福建]It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it can be rather cold sometimes.
我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和,但有时候也会相当冷。
Mr.Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting
布什先生做什么事情都很准时,他怎么可能开会迟到呢?
[链高考—2010·全国卷Ⅱ]I'm afraid Mr.Harding can't see you now. He's busy.
恐怕Mr.Harding现在不能见你,他很忙。
2.may用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测,意为“可能”;用
于否定句中也可以表示推测,may not意为“可能不”,
表示一种不太确定的语气。
[链高考—2009·辽宁]The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place
这些天交通很繁忙,我可能会来晚一点,请你帮我保留个位置好吗?
[链高考—2009·安徽]Some people who don't like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they may just be quiet people.
言语不多的人未必就是害羞。他们或许就是安静的人。
3.must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中,意为“一定,必定
”,表示十分肯定的语气(在疑问句中或否定句中要用
can)。
[链高考—2009·湖南]—It's the office!So you must know eating is not allowed here.
这是办公室!所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。
—Oh,sorry.
噢,对不起。
4.should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”,即含有“按道理来
说应当如此”的意思。
There shouldn't be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
因为你在驾校训练了那么多,通过路考应该没什么困难。
1.It ________be the postman at the door.It's only six
o'clock.(2011·江西高考)
A.mustn't B.can't
C.won't D.needn't
解析:考查情态动词。句意:门口不可能是邮递员,(现在)才六点钟。 对现在的否定推测,由It's only six o'clock.分析可知应用can't(不可能)。mustn't“禁止”; won't“ 不会”; needn't“不必”,均不合句意。
答案: B
2.—I don't really like James. Why did you invite him
—Don't worry. He ________ come. He said he wasn't
certain what his plans were.(2011·北京高考)
A.must not B.need not
C.would not D.might not
解析:考查情态动词。根据句意可知,James 不太确定他的计划,他可能不来。might not 表示“可能不”,符合语境。
答案: D
3.—Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss
Smith in the Personnel Department.
—Ah,good morning. You ________ be Mrs.
Peters.(2010·北京高考)
A.might B.must
C.would D.can
解析:考查情态动词。第一句说明和史密斯女士有约定,所以秘书判断一定是……。must在此表示推测,意为“一定”,符合语境。
答案: B
4.Don't worry. I've just sent an ambulance to you. They
________ be there any second.(2011·潍坊市模拟)
A.could B.might
C.would D.should
解析:考查情态动词。既然已经派去了救护车,那么他们“应该”随时会赶到。should在本句中表示预期“应该会,可能”。
答案: D
1. can/could have done表示“本来可以做,而实际上未做”
或者“过去可能”,疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的
行为表示怀疑或不肯定,其中can't have done多用于语气强烈的否定,意为“不可能做过”。
—Do you know where David is?I couldn't find him anywhere.
—Well.He can't have gone far —his coat's still here.
——你知道大卫在哪里吗?我到处找不到他。
——大卫的上衣还在这里,因此他肯定没走远。
I could have saved the poor rabbit, but I didn't have the right drugs with me at that moment.
我本来可以拯救那只可怜的兔子的,可是我当时没有合适的药品。
2.may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测,意为
“可能做过”。might所表示的可能性比较弱,语气较委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。
Sorry,I'm late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
对不起,我迟到了。我可能把闹钟关掉后又睡着了。
3.must have done表示对过去行为的推测,意为“一定,
想必”,语气十分肯定。
[链高考—2010·安徽]Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong willed man.
杰克说他父亲是个意志坚强的人,多年前他父亲一定是个勇敢的男孩子。
4.should have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上却
没有做;shouldn't have done表示过去本来不应该做某
事而实际上却做了。这一用法往往含有责备的意味。
[链高考—2010·山东]I shouldn't have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams.
我本不应该看那部电影——它会令我做噩梦。
5.ought to have done表示过去本来应该做某事而实际上
却没有做;ought not to have done表示过去本来不应该做某事而实际上却做了。这一用法与should相同,也往往含有责备的意味。
You ought to have come to the party yesterday,but why didn't you come
昨天你本来应该参加聚会的,可是你为什么不来?
6.needn't have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。
[链高考—2010·天津]Mark needn't have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车,结果早到了半个小时。
1.They ________have arrived at lunchtime but their
flight was delayed. (2011·新课标全国卷)
A.will B.can
C.must D.should
解析:考查情态动词。句意:他们本应该在午饭时间到达,但是他们的航班推迟了。should have done 表示“本应该做某事(实际却未做)”,符合句意。
答案: D
2.—I left my handbag on the train,but luckily someone
gave it to a railway official.
—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean,
someone________it.(2011·江苏高考)
A.will have stolen B.might have stolen
C.should have stolen D.must have stolen
解析:考查情态动词。从对话情景可知他们在谈论过去的可能性:有人可能把手提包偷走了,因此选择might have stolen。
答案: B
3.—They ________ have prepared for the meeting more
carefully.
—But they didn't. What a pity!(2011·潍坊市抽样监测)
A.shouldn't B.can't
C.may D.ought to
解析:考查情态动词。句意:“他们本该更细心地准备会议的。”“但他们没有这样做。真可惜!”ought to have done过去本该做某事而未做。
答案: D
4.We ________ have hurried all the way to the airport —
the flight was called off because of the foggy
weather.(2011·日照高三调研)
A.mustn't B.couldn't
C.needn't D.wouldn't
解析:考查情态动词。needn't have done表示“过去本不必做,但实际上却做了”。句意:我们原本没必要匆忙赶到机场——航班因为大雾天气取消了。
答案: C
5.—I was lucky to win a gold medal in the 800 metre
race.
—You ________ through tough training.(2011·福建质
量检测)
A.must go B.should go
C.must have gone D.should have gone
解析:考查情态动词。句意:“真幸运,我获得了800米比赛的金牌。”“你肯定受过严格的训练。”答话人是对过去情况所做的肯定推测,故用must have done。
答案: C
  从近几年高考试题来看,命题者不再满足于对情态动词进行简单的考查,而是常常借助语境来考查情态动词的基本用法及其区别,因此考生除了要准确理解和掌握情态动词的基本用法外,还要充分利用试题所设置的语境具体分析需要填哪个情态动词。
1. 非真实条件句的虚拟语气
if条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
表示现在情况 动词过去式(be的过去式用were) should/would/could/might+动词原形
表示过去情况 had+过去分词 should/would/could/might+have+过去分词
表示未来情况 should+动词原形 should/would/could/might+动词原形
动词过去式
were to+动词原形
If I had time, I would attend your party.
如果我有时间,我就去参加你的宴会了。
[链高考—2010·陕西]If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
要是我们走其他的路,我们有可能及时到达这儿参加会议。
If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, we would take photos.
如果明天下雪,我们就照相。
[注意] 若条件句中有were,had,should,可把if省略,而把were,had,should放在主语前,形成倒装结构,这种结构主要用于书面语中。
[链高考—2010·浙江]Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy would have been saved.
要是我了解电脑程序,会节省大量的时间和能源。
Should it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the football match.
如果明天下雨,我们将不得不取消足球赛。
2.错综时间虚拟句
If you had worked hard, you would be very tired now.
如果你真的努力工作了,你现在就会感到很累的。(从句指过去,主句指现在)
3.含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示,而是由otherwise,
but, or, without, but for等来引导。
But for their help, we could not have finished the program in
time.
要不是他们的帮助,我们不可能及时完成这个项目。
The change could not have taken place without the opendoor
policy.
要是没有开放政策,就没有这些变化。
I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have gone to help him.
那时我太忙了,否则我就去帮他了。
4.虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用
(1)在名词性从句中,常用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等
的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中用虚拟语气,形式为:(should)+动词原形。常这样用的动词有:advise劝告,demand要求,desire渴望,command命令,insist坚决要求,prefer宁愿,urge主张,order命令,recommend 劝告,建议,request要求,require要求,suggest建议,以及这些词的名词形式。
[链高考—2010·福建]Teachers recommend parents not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
老师们建议父母,为了安全不要让他们12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。
(2)wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。
表示对现在情况的虚拟:wish+主语+动词过去式或were
表示对过去情况的虚拟:wish+主语+had+过去分词
表示对将来情况的虚拟:wish+主语+would+动词原形
—How much of the foreign expert's speech have you
understood
—Next to nothing. I wish I had worked harder at English.
——外国专家的演讲你懂多少?
——几乎什么也不懂,要是我过去更刻苦学习英语就好了。
(3)would rather句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望,意为“宁愿,但愿”。
[链高考—2010·江苏] George is going to talk about the
geography of his country, but I'd rather he focused more on its
culture.
乔治将要谈论关于他的国家的地理情况,但是我宁愿他更多
地谈它的文化(方面的情况)。
(4)在“It is (about/high) time+that(从句)”中,谓语动词常用过去
式表示虚拟语气。
It is high time that people learnt English.
到了人们该学英语的时候了。
(5)as if从句中,看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气。
It looks as if it's going to rain.
天看上去似乎要下雨。
She talked about it again and again as if she would never end.
她反复谈论那件事,好像永远也谈不完的样子。
(6)if only 引导的感叹句中,要求用虚拟语气,表示愿望。
Look at the trouble we're in. If only we had taken our teacher's
advice!
看看我们所处的困境,要是我们接受老师的建议就好了。
1.We ________ John's name on the race list yesterday but
for his recent injury.(2011·江西高考)
A.will put B.will have put
C.would put D.would have put
解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:要不是他目前的伤情,我们昨天就会把约翰的名字列到比赛的名单中了。 but for表示“要不是”,根据 yesterday可知此处表示与过去的事实相反,结合选项可知主句中应用 would+ have done,故选D。
答案: D
2.—Where are the children The dinner's going to be
completely ruined.
—I wish they________always late.(2011·北京高考)
A.weren't B.hadn't been
C.wouldn't be D.wouldn't have been
解析:考查虚拟语气。根据问句句意“孩子们现在在哪里?” 可知wish 后的宾语从句应用动词的过去式,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,故答案为A。
答案: A
3.Maybe if I ________science, and not literature then, I
would be able to give you more help.(2011·北京高考)
A.studied B.would study
C.had studied D.was studying
解析:考查错综时间的虚拟语气。主句用的是would be able to ...表示对现在的假设,但由if从句中的then可知,从句表示对过去情况的虚拟,故选C项。
答案: C
4.I ________through that bitter period without your
generous help. (2011·陕西高考)
A.couldn't have gone B.didn't go
C.wouldn't go D.hadn't gone
解析:考查虚拟语气。英语中, without, with, or, otherwise 等可构成含蓄虚拟语气,相当于条件状语从句“If it hadn't been your generous help”,表示与过去事实相反,此时句中的谓语动词应用should/could/would +have+过去分词。据此可知A项当选。句意:假如当时没有您慷慨相助,我就不会渡过那段艰难的时期。
答案: A
5.—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I________it, but I was busy preparing for a job
interview.(2011·福建高考)
A.attended B.had attended
C.would attend D.would have attended
解析:考查虚拟语气。由 but I was busy preparing for a job interview 可知,答话人由于忙着准备求职面试,并未去听讲座,由此可知空处是对过去的虚拟,所以空处应用“情态动词+ have done”结构。
答案: D