中考复习宾语从句

中考复习
宾语从句
一、学习目标：
1. 宾语从句的概念：简单的说 , 宾语从句就是一个或是几个从句充当主句中的宾语成分。
2. 宾语从句的复习要点与考点：
a、宾语从句的连词：
b、宾语从句的语序：
c、宾语从句的时态：
d、宾语从句的简化：
e、宾语从句应注意的问题：
二、宾语从句连接词的选用(宾语从句的种类）
A. 由that引导的宾语从句。
that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。
eg.：
1. He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
2. She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
3. I am sure (that) he will succeed.
4. We think (that) English is very useful.
B. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句
If和whether在句中不充当句子成分但有词义 “是
否”，不可省去,与 or not 连用时只用whether.
eg.
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
I wonder whether he’ll come or not tomorrow.
I’m not sure if (whether) he comes from UK.
C. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how等引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分,不可省去。
eg.
1.Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for
2.He asked whose handwriting was the best.
3.Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is
4.I don’t know why the train is late.
三、宾语从句的时态
宾语从句的时态处理原则有三：
1.自由式原则：
当主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受限制，我们可以根据宾语从句的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态。
eg. I hear ( that ) Tom _________ (be) to Guilin twice .
I hear ( that ) she ___________ (come) tomorrow .
I hear ( that ) Jim ______(go) to work an hour ago .
I hear ( that ) he ______ (be) interested in English .
2.非自由式原则：
当主句动词是一般过去时态，宾语从句必须用相应的过去时态。
①She asked me if I ______ (be) ready.
②He said that he ______ (go) to the zoo that day.
③She asked who _______ (do) that.
④John asked whether Meimei ______________ (leave)
for France the next day.
⑥Lin told us that he ______________ (watch) TV then.
⑦Lucy said that she ________________ (learn) Chinese before.
3. 固定式原则：
当宾语从句表述的是客观性真理的时候，不管主句动词是什么时态，宾语从句仍用一般现在时态。
eg.1. He told us that the earth ______ (go) round the sun.
2. The physics teacher told us that the light _______ (travel) faster than sound.
3. Mother said that the sun ______(be) bigger than the earth.
4. He said that no news _____ (be) good news
四、宾语从句的简化（观察句子并说出简化规则）
1. We found that he was a clever boy.
We found him clever.
2. I want to know where I can get such a machine.
I want to know where to get such a machine.
3. I wonder when we will start.
I wonder when to start.
4. I’m not sure who will go there instead of Tom.
I’m not sure who to go there instead of Tom.
五、宾语从句应注意情况之一　
标点符号 ：
宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定，不受从句的限制。如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号；而主句是疑问句时，句末则用问号。
eg. 1. He asked me if / whether I could help him .
2. Do you know where Li Ping is
3. Please tell me what color you like best .
4. Would you please tell me how old you are
宾语从句应注意情况之二　
宾语从句的否定形式 ：
一般而言，宾语从句的否定式与一般句子的否定式是一样的。
eg. He says he doesn’t like music.
但若主句谓语动词是 think、 expect、 believe、 guess、 imagine、suppose 等表示“认为，猜想”的心里活动的词时，一般要把宾语从句中的否定式转移到主句中，即: 否定前移．
eg. I don’t think it’s going to rain .
I don’t believe she will lend you the money .
宾语从句应注意情况之三　
宾语从句中的特殊情形 ：人称代词的变化
如果将某人的原话（直接引语）变为宾语从句时，我们就应考
虑人称代词的变化。变化规则是：“一随主，二随宾，三不变”

1.“ I come from Canada, ” Lucy says .
→ Lucy says that _____ comes from Canada .
2. I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ”
→ I asked Tom what ______ liked best .
3. The teacher asked me , “ Have you read the book ”
→ The teacher asked me if ____ have read the book.
4. Lucy told us, “ Meimei is her best Chinese friend.”
→ Lucy told us that Meimei was ____ best Chinese friend.