牛津译林版八年级下Unit 1 Past and Present现在完成时讲练（含答案）

八年级下册Grammar：现在完成时
1：主体含义:
①表示过去发生，一直持续到现在的动作或状态；
②表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。
2：基本结构:
(助动词)
have/
has+
过去分词(P.P)
句式：
肯定：have/
has+过去分词
否定：have/has+not+过去分词
疑问句：have,has提前
回答：用have,
has回答
3：过去分词的构成：
①一般在动词原形末尾加ed
e.g.
look-looked；
play-played；
②以e结尾的动词加d
e.g.
live-lived；
use-used
③以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，变y”
为
“i”
再加
ed
e.g.
study-studied；
worry-worried
④以一个元音和一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词双写这个辅音字母，再加ed
e.g.
stop-stopped；
shop-shopped
control-controlled
mop-mopped；
fit-fitted；
drop-dropped
trap-trapped；
plan-planned
chat-chatted；
⑤不规则变化(见P122-123不规则动词表，需牢牢熟记!!!!)
4：时间状语
①already(肯定句句中或句末，“已经”)
yet
(否定句/疑问句，“还没有、已经”)
ever
(疑问句，“曾经”)
never(否定句，“从不”)
just(肯定句，“刚刚”)
recently(肯定句/否定句/疑问句，“最近”)
over
the
years(在这些年)
so
far(迄今为止)=by
now=till
now=up
to
now
(到目前为止)
before
(以前)
once
/twice
/
many
times/How
many
times+问句
over
/in/during
the
last
/past.......
years/days(在过去的...年/天中)
②和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用。
e.g.
for+
一段时间，since+过去的时间点或者从句
(两者有时可互相转换)
for
three
minutes
=
since
three
minutes
ago
for
2
years
=
since
2
years
ago
③下面的句型中也用现在完成时，尤其是在动词填空中考查；
It's
the
best
film
I
have
seen.
(这是我看过的最好看的电影。)
→最高级
It's
the
third
time
you
have
forgotten
to
bring
your
Maths
book.
→序数词
5：since的用法
（1）意为“自从”时，用法为“主现完从过”
①since+过去的时间点
e.g.
since
2
years
ago；
since
last
Friday
/
spring
/
September
②since+从句(从句中用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时)
1)
I
have
known
Jack
since
I
came
to
this
school.
2)
My
hometown
has
changed
a
lot
since
I
was
very
young.
③：It
is/has
been+一段时间+since+过去时间点/从句
e.g.It
is/has
been
three
years
since
we
met
last
time.
（2）意为“既然”时，需要分析句意选定时态
e.g.Since
I
have
grown
up,I
need
to
depend
on
myself.
6：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：
一般过去时表示过去的事实，
和现在没有联系；
现在完成时表示过去开始、现在还在继续或依然与现在有联系的动作或情况。
★句中有明确表示过去的时间状语不能和现在完成时连用:
e.g.
I
have
already
written
the
report.
I
wrote
it
last
week.
7：常用短暂性动词与相应的延续性动词
(含for,
since,
how
long的句型必须要用延续性动词)
borrow/lend一keep
buy
—have
leave一be
away
from
catch
a
cold—have
a
cold
die一be
dead
begin/start—be
on
(
last
)
come
to/
go
to
sp.—be
in/at
sp.
fall
asleep—be
asleep
reach
/arrive
at(in)/get
to
sp.—
be
in/at
make
friends一be
friends
get
married一be
married
open
+
be
open
close—be
closed
join一be
in/
be
a
member
of
stop
/
finish—be
over
go
missing—be
missing
fall
in
love
with
sb—be
in
love
with
sb
8：have/has
been
to/have/has
gone
to/have/has
been
in的区别
①：have/has
been
to...去过某地(已回来)
通常和次数、never、ever等时间状语连用；
②：have/has
gone
to...去了某地(还未回来)
通常和语境“where
is...?”连用
③：have/has
been
in.../at
...
/on
(the
farm)
....呆在某地多久
常和how
long/since..../for...连用。
一、现在完成时常与一些副词连用
ever（曾）、never（未曾）、already（已经）、
yet（仍、还）、just
（刚刚）、before（以前）…
1.
I
have
heard
of
the
surprising
news.
A.
just
now
B.
just
C.
since
D.
yet
2.
—Has
your
sister
finished
watching
the
new
film_____?
—Yes,
she
has
finished
it
________.
A.
yet,
yet
B.
already,
already
C.
already,
yet
D.
yet,
already
3.
This
is
the
most
interesting
story
I
have_______
heard.
A.
never
B.
ever
C.
once
D.
always
4.Though
he_______
the
book
three
times,
he
hopes
to
read
it
again.
A.
read
B.
reads
C.
has
read
D.
would
read
二．标志词：for
+一段时间/
so
far
/
up
to
now
/till
now
1.－Have
you
written
anything
on
Chinese
traditional
food
so
far?
－____,
but
I
have
a
plan
for
it.
A.
Ever
since
B.
Later
on
C.
Not
yet
D.
From
now
on
2.
I
Jack
since
he
moved
to
Suzhou.
A.didn’t
hear
from
B.
don’t
hear
from
C.won’t
hear
from
D.haven’t
heard
from
3.The
small
village_______________
a
big
modern
city
over
the
years.
A.
is
turning
into
B.
turns
into
C.
has
turned
into
D.
turned
into
4.
-
Our
country
______
a
lot
so
far
.
-
Yes
.
I
hope
it
will
be
even
______
.
A.
has
changed;
well
?
?
?
B.
changed;
good
C.
has
changed;
better
?
?
D.
changed;
better
5.
Thanks
to
the
cleaners,
the
environment____________
in
our
city
recently.
A.
improved
B.
improves
C.
has
improved
D.
had
improved
6.
Millie
and
Sandy
got
married
_____
2012.
Now
they
have
a
lovely
daughter.
A.
to
B.
for
C.
in
D.
since
7.—
Excuse
me,
where
is
Mr
Green's
office?
—Sorry,
I
don't
know.
I
_________here
for
only
a
few
days.
A.
work
B.
worked
C.
have
worked
D.
will
work
8.
Mr
Wu
has
worked
here
since
his
family
to
Nanjing
five
years
ago.
?A.
has
moved
B.
moved
C.
moves?
D.
move
9.The
famous
writer
_____
one
new
book
in
the
past
three
years.
A.
is
writing
B.was
writing
C.wrote
D.has
written
10.
—
have
you
been
here?
—Since
2006.
A.How
often
B.
How
long
C.
How
far
D.
How
soon
11.
There
great
changes
in
China
since
20
years
ago.
A.are
B.
were
C.
have
been
D.
have
三、区别have
been
to,
have
been
in,
have
been，have
gone
to
1.My
parents
______Wuxi
for
ten
years
.
A.
have
been
in
B.
have
been
to
C.
have
gone
to
D.
have
been
2.
Miss
White
isn't
in
the
office.
she
_______
to
the
library.
A.
has
gone
B.
went
C.
will
go
D.
has
been
3.
---Why
are
you
worried?
---I'm
expecting
(期盼)
a
call
from
my
daughter.
She______
New
York
for
three
days.
A.
has
gone
to
B.
has
been
to
C.
has
been
in
D.
has
come
in
4.
---Where
is
Diana
now?
Someone
wants
her
on
the
phone.
---She_______
the
printing
room.
She
will
be
back
soon.
A.
went
to
B.
has
been
to
C.
has
been
in
D.
has
gone
to
5.
A
number
of
tourists________
Wuxi
many
times
because
it
is
such
a
beautiful
city.
A.
has
gone
to
B.
has
been
to
C.
have
been
to
D.have
gone
to
6.
---You
know
much
about
China
Dinosaur
Park._______
you_______
the
park
before?
---Yes.
I
went
there
last
National
Day.
A.
Have;
gone
to
B.
Did;
go
to
C.
Have;
been
D.
Have;
been
to
四．
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
1.---When
__________the
Singing
Club?---In
2011.
A.
did
you
join
B.
have
you
become
a
member
of
C.
did
you
take
part
in
D.
have
you
joined
2.—
_______
you
_______
your
homework?
—Yes,
I
have.
I
_______
it
only
an
hour
ago.
A.
Did;
finish;
did
B.
Have;
finished;
did
C.
Are;
finishing;
did
D.
Have;
finished;
have
done
3.--
These
farmers
have
been
to
the
United
States.
--
Really?
When
there?
A
will
they
go
B
did
they
go
C
do
they
go
D
have
they
gone
4.They
got
married
____
2010.
That
means
they
have
been
married
_____
2010.
A.
since,
in
B.
since,
since
C.
in,
since
D.
in,
in
5.
I
became
a
teacher
15
years
_______.
I
have
been
a
teacher
_______1997.
I
have
taught
here
______about
15
years
.
A.
ago,
since,
for
B.
ago,
for,
since
C.
ago,
before,
for
D.
ago,
in,
after
6.Tom
did
his
homework_______
11
last
night.
A.
since
B.
before
C.
till
D.
for
7.__
your
grandpa__
in
the
old
house
in
the
past?
A.
Did;
live
B.
Has;
lived
C.
Have;
lived
D.
Do;
live
8.My
son
up
yet
because
he
to
bed
very
late
last
night.
A.
hasn’t
got;
has
gone
B.
didn’t
get;
went
C.
doesn’t
get;
went
D.
hasn’t
got;
went
8.---Why
is
Sally
so
excited?
---
She
_______
her
lost
iPhone.
A.
is
looking
for
B.
is
finding
C.
has
found
D.
found
五．延续性动词和瞬间动词的用法
1.
Lily’s
grandpa
has
lived
here
________________.
A.
10
years
ago
B.
since
10
years
C.
since
2002
D.
for10
years
ago
2.
---Is
your
father
in?
---No,
he
________
for
three
hours.
A.
was
out
B.
has
been
out
C.
went
out
D.
has
gone
out
3.Tom_______already
______
in
this
school
for
two
years.
A.
was;
studying
B.
will;
study
C.
has;
studied
D.
are;
studying
4.
We
_________
Judy
since
she
was
a
little
girl.
A.
know
B
had
known
C.
have
known
D.
knew
5.
The
boy
the
library
book
for
four
days.
A.
has
had
B.
has
kept
C.
has
borrowed
D.
has
been
over
6.The
factory
____
since
the
February
of
1988.
A.
has
been
open
B.
has
opened
C.
was
open
D.
opened
7.
The
fans
are
very
sorry
to
hear
that
famous
actor_____
for
half
an
hour.
A.
has
left????
B.
has
been
away???
C.
has
gone???
D.
has
gone
away
六．“It
is
/
has
been＋时间＋since＋一般过去时态”句型
1.It_________five
years
since
we
last_________
each
other.
A.
is;
have
seen
B.
is;saw
C.
was;
saw
D.
has
been;
have
seen
2.It
ten
years
I
worked
in
this
new
office.
A.
is;
since
B.
is;
after
C.
was;
since
D.
has
been;
after
3.It
______
five
years
since
he
left
for
Beijing.
A.
was
B.
have
been
C.
is
D.
is
going
to
be
15
1