2021年外研版英语中考专题复习讲义：并列句（含答案）

中考英语复习专题—简单句、并列句和复合句
学员姓名： 年 级： 课 时 数：3 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 讲义审核：
授课主题 初中题型专题の简单句、并列句和复合句
教学目标 梳理简单句、并列句和复合句的考点
教学重难点 掌握简单句、并列句和复合句的考点
授课日期及时段
教学内容
1. Think it over, ___ __ you’ll work out the math problem.【2013广东】
A. or B. so C. for D. and
2. I have only two tickets for TF Boys’ concert. ______ you _____ he can go on with me. 【2015广东】
A.Either or B. Neither nor C. Both and D. Not only also
3．China is getting more and more independent of Western technology,?_____ it is leading in many fields,?such as the self-driving car industry．【2018广东】
A．/ ???B．or ???C．but ???D．and
4Judie’s dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite. They made across with some wood sticks,?_____ then Judie painted a butterfly on apiece of white paper. 【2020广东】
A.and
B.but
C.or
D.so
以上为广东省近8年的并列句考题，观察并列句的考察方向。
表顺承，表选择
知识梳理
1. 简单句
2. 并列句
3. 复合句
专题精讲
句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合勾。
【简单句simple sentence】
简单句就是只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）：
He often reads English in the morning.
Tom and Mike are American boys.（并列主语+一个谓语）
She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers. (一个主语+并列谓语）
复习五种句子类型：
My teacher _______(笑) suddenly.
I saw my friend. He heard my voice.
My father bought me a book.=My father ______ a book ____ ______.
He made her______(哭)了。
He became a teacher.
拓展：There be 句型：在使用时，需注意以下几点：
（1）“有某人做… ”这一句式里不要乱用。
在我们班上有5个学生喜欢唱歌。__________________________
公园里有很多孩子在放风筝。_______________________________
There be 句型中，be 动词遵循就近原则。
There_________(be)an apple and some pears in the box.
There ________(be)some students and a teacher in the classroom.
There be 句型中，be 动词有自己的时态形式
There _________(be)great changes in the city since I left.
There _________(be)more students coming tomorrow.
There _________(be)a sports meeting in our school last month.
There be与have 的区别：
There be 表示____________________________
Have 表示_____________________________
【并列句compound sentences】
并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句同等重要，没有从属关系，是并列的关系（不能说一个分句作了另一个分句的什么成分），之间用并列连词连接。
改错：
He likes English, his English is very good.
His wife was ill, he had to stay at home.
当一个句子含有两个简单句时，就要考虑两个简单句的连接问题了。直接用逗号连接两个简单句是错误的。这时我们可以用and, but, or等并列连词来连接两个句子，也可以用分号（；）来连接。
根据分句之间的关系, 并列词可分为以下四种：
I. 表示顺承关系的5个词：
and(和；同；与)，both…and…(……和……都)，
not only…but also …(不仅……而且……)，as well as(而且，还，又)
neither…nor…(既不……也不……)
II. 表示选择关系的2个词：
or(或；或者；还是；否则；不然)，
either…or…(或者……或者……； 不是……就是……)
III. 表示转折关系的3个词：
but(但；但是；可是)，while(然而)，yet
IV．表示因果关系的2个词：
so(所以、因此), for(因为)
并列句可分为下列四种类型：
1. 表示顺承关系
1．and：和，并且
★基本用法：and表示“和”的意思，用来连接对等关系的字和字，片语与片语，句子与句子。
① I like basketball, football and table-tennis. 我喜欢篮球、足球和乒乓球。
② He got up and put on his hat. 他站起来，戴上了帽子。
③ I went to the Summer Palace and he went to Bei Hai Park. 我去颐和园，他去北海公园。
★注意： 单词或词组如果是三个以上连接，一般在最后的单词或词组前加and。另外“and”在译成中文时不一定要翻译出“和”来。
★特别用法：and在祈使句中的作用
▲句型：祈使句, and… = If you…, …
① Use your head, and you'll find a way. 动动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。
= If you use your head, you'll find a way. 如果你动动脑子，你就会想出办法。
② Hurry up, and you'll catch the bus. 快点，你就会赶上公共汽车。
= If you hurry up, you'll catch the bus. 如果你快点，你就会赶上公共汽车。
【对点练习】Study hard, _____ you will pass the exam.
A. so B. or C. but D. and
【答案】B
2．both…and：和，既……也……
① He can play both the violin and the piano. 他既会拉小提琴，又会弹钢琴。
★基本用法：在《both…and…》句型中，and连接的词或词组要对等。
★基本考点：《both…and…》构成的词组作为主语时，谓语动词用复数。
① Both Li Ming and Li Li are good students. 李明和李莉都是好学生。
▲注意：《both…and》的否定句表示部分否定。
① He can't play both the violin and the piano. 他会拉小提琴或者会弹钢琴。（不全会）
② Both Li Ming and Li Li are not good students. 明和李莉不都是好学生。（其中一个是好学生）
【对点练习】—Mike , please turn down the music , _____ Lucy _____Lily are sleeping .
—Sorry , I’ll do it right away .
A. neither; nor B.either; or C. both; and D. not only; but also
【答案】C
3．not only… but also：不但……而且
① Not only you but also your father is coming. 不但你，而且你父亲也要来。
② Jane is? not only beautiful? but also kind. 珍妮不但漂亮，而且人非常好。
★基本用法：《not only…but also》构成的词组作为主语时，谓语动词随 but also后面的部分而定，即遵循“就近原则”。
另外not only…but also连接对等的词或词组；例① you（你）和 your? father（你父亲）都是人。例② beautiful（美的）和kind（亲切、慈祥）都是形容词。
【拓展】《not only…but also》连接两个句子时，not only 后面的句子要用倒装句。
Not only did he speak more correctly, but also he spoke more smoothly.
他不仅说得更准确了，而且说得更流利了。
【对点练习】 —To achieve a bright future, we should______ study hard____ keep in good health.
—I agree with you.
A. not; but B. not only; but also C. neither; nor D. either; or
【答案】B
as well as 而且，还，又
① Jane is kind as well as beautiful. 珍妮不但漂亮，而且为人很好。
② Your father as well as you is coming. 不但你，而且你父亲也要来。
该句型可以和“not only... but also...”互换，但注意汉语翻译。
★注意：as well as连接并列主语时，句子谓语动词随它前面的词“Your father”而定，即遵循“就远原则”，所以用is coming.
【对点练习】The son, as well as his parents, (want) to go there. 不但儿子想去那儿，而且他的父母也想去。
【答案】wants
neither…nor既不...也不...，与表示选择关系的“either...or”一起分析
【链接中考】
【对点练习】I bought my son a birthday present , _______ he liked it very much.
A. or B. but C. and D. so
【答案】C
II. 表示选择关系：
1．or：或，或者，否则
Is Li Ming from Beijing or from Shanghai. 李明是北京人还是上海人呢？
★基本用法：or表示“～或～；否则”的意思，使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。
① Would you like coffee or tea？ 你喜欢咖啡还是茶？
② Tom or I am right. 我或者汤姆是对的。
③ Li Ming or his classmates are cleaning the room. 李明或者是他的同班同学在打扫房间。
★注意：
“A or B”作主语时，谓语动词随or后面的词（B）而定，因此例子中的谓语动词服从I，用am。
★特别用法：
句型：祈使句， or… = If you don't…, ...
同and一样，or在祈使句中的用法，译成“请…，否则…”，有转折的意思。
① Hurry up，or you'll miss the bus. 快点吧，否则你就会误了公共汽车。
=If you don't hurry up，you'll miss the bus. 如果你不快点，你就会误了这班车。
② Study hard，or you'll fail in the exam. 好好学吧，否则你考试就会不及格。
=If you don't study hard，you'll fail in the exam. 如果你不努力学习，你考试就会不及格。
【对点练习】 ---Finish your homework __________ you can’t play computer games, Jim.
---All right, Mum.
A.but B. till C. and D. or
【答案】D
2．either…or，neither…nor
① I want to visit either Tianjing or Shanghai. 我想参观天津或者上海。
② I like neither English nor Chinese. 中文和英文我全不喜欢。
▲词组：
★ either…or：或……或……；不是……就是……
《either…or…》构成的词组作为主语时，谓语动词随其邻近的词，即or后面的词而定，即遵循“就近原则”。
例如：Either you or he is right. 不是你，就是他是对的。
b. 此句型的否定句是全否定。
① Either you or he isn't right. 你和他都不对。
② I don't want to visit either Tianjing or Shanghai. 天津和上海我都不想参观。
★ neither…nor：既不……也不……
a. 当此词组担任主语时，谓语动词的用法和either…or的用法一样，由nor后面的词而定。
例如：Neither you nor I am right. 你和我都不对。
b. 此句型本身是全否定，因此不能再用否定式，即不能再加not。
（×）Neither You nor I am not right.
▲比较：both …and , either…or , neither …nor 这三个句型的相互关系如下：
① 肯定句： I like both A and? B． 我喜欢A和B。
I like both coffee and tea. 我喜欢咖啡和茶。（茶和咖啡我都喜欢）
② 否定句： I don't like both A and B. = I like either A or B. 我不喜欢A 或B。
I like either coffee or tea. = I don't like both coffee and tea. 咖啡和茶，我喜欢一样儿。
③ I don't like either A or B. = I like neither A nor B. A和B 我都不喜欢。
I like neither coffee nor tea. = I don't like either coffee or tea . 咖啡和茶，我都不喜欢。
【对点练习】 —Tim,how do your parents like popular pop music ?
—_____my dad ______my mom likes it . They both prefer classical music .
A. Either…or B. Neither …or C. Not only …but also
【对点练习】________ Bill ________ Tom will go to your party, because one of them
must stay at home to look after the baby.
A.Neither; nor B.Either; or C.Both; and
【答案】B B
【链接中考】
【对点练习】Be careful, ______ you’ll miss the right answer.
A. and B. or C. but D. so
【答案】B
3. 表示转折关系
II. 表示转折关系
1．but：但是，可是，而
① He is old, but he looks very young. 他老了，但他看起来很年轻。
② Li Li likes violin but doesn't like piano. 李莉喜欢小提琴，（但是）不喜欢钢琴。
（but 后面省略了主语Li Li，因为与前面的主语成分相同）
③ Mary likes violin， but Tom doesn't. 玛丽喜欢小提琴，而汤姆不喜欢。
（doesn't后面省略了like violin，因为与前面的成分相同）
④ He isn't a teacher but a doctor. 他不是（一个）老师，而是医生。
⑤ They came here not for money but for the life. 他们到这儿来，不是要钱，而是要命。
★注意：but所连接的句子，句中如果某些成分与前面相同，则可以省略。
【对点练习】 Jim is a taxi driver, ____ he really wants to be a doctor.
A. or B. and C. so D. but
【答案】D
yet：然而
He was poor, yet happy. 他很穷，可是很快乐。
② He worked hard, yet he failed. 他努力的干，然而失败了。
【对点练习】She said she would be late, ________she arrived on time.
A. or B. and C. before D. yet
【答案】D
while:
While Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside. 玛丽写信时，孩子们在外面玩耍。
★表对比，程度弱一些。连接的两个句子为对等关系。
【对点练习】 Eddie was sleeping______ Millie was reading a magazine.
A. until B. while C. before D. after
【答案】B
【对点练习】Money is important, _______ it can’t buy everything.
A. for B. but C. or D. so
【答案】B
4. 表示因果关系
1．So 所以，因此，于是
① It began to rain, so we had to stay here. 开始下雨了，我们不得不呆在这儿了。
② This is our first lesson, so I don't know all your names. 这是我们第一堂课，所以我不知道你们所有人的名字。
③ It's eleven now, so you must go home now. 现在11点，所以你必须回家了。
★引导表示结果的分句。它引导的分句必须放在句子后面，解释说明前面的分句。
★ so作连词：
My teacher asked me to go, so I went. 我们老师让我去，因此我就去了。
▲ 比较： so除了作连词外，也可以作副词。
② - I hope you can pass the exam. 我希望你能通过考试。 - I hope so. 我也希望。
③ Don't walk so fast.别走得太快。
【对点练习】It was raining heavily, _____ we decided to stay at home and watch TV.
A.but B. or C. because D. So
【答案】D
2. for因为
① I soon went to sleep, for I was tired. 我很快就入睡了，因为我太累了。
② The shop is new, for it has opened only three days ago. 那家商店很新，以为它才开业三天。
③ I am thirsty, for it is hot today. 我由于天热而口渴。
★补充说明原因和理由的分句，必须放在主句后.
▲比较：for和because
for也可译为“因为”，但是它没有什么因果关系，不像because那样，而for只是说明解释而已。
【对点练习】—What do you think of this skirt?
—It’s beautiful and it fits we well, ______ I like it very much.
A. since B. so C. but
【答案】B
◆在使用并列句时应注意两点：
◇although(虽然), though（虽然）, 不能和but(但是)连用；so（所以）不能和because（因为）连用, 但可以单独使用。
◇not only位于句首时, 其后的分句要用倒装语序。
【复合句complex sentences】
复合句：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句。从句由从属连词引导。
1.用从属连词连接的句子是复合句
下面两个句子，除了可以用并列连词，还可以用从属连词来连接。
① He likes English, his English is very good.（Because/when）
② His wife was ill, he had to stay at home.（Because/when）
像这样，用从属连词连接两个简单句之后，一个是主要的（主句），另外一个句子（从句）是说明主要句子发生的时间、原因、条件等，这样构成的句子成为复合句。
当简单句的一个成分从词或词组变成句子时，整个句子就成为复合句了。
从词或词组升级而来的句子是从句，除从句以外的是主句，整个句子称为复合句。
①The boy over there is my brother.
②The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother.
③I was doing my homework at six.
④I was doing my homework when he came in.
⑤It is wrong.
⑥What he said is wrong.
总而言之，一个句子如果含有从句，这个句子就是复合句。从句包括：名词性从句（主、宾、表、同位语）、定语从句和状语从句。

判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句
I. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2 The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.
6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.
7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.
8. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.
9. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?
10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.
11. Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my Dad on the farm.
12. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.
13. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors.
14. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat.
15. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him.
【答案】简单句1,3,4,8,9,10,13 并列句5, 7,11,12,14 复合句2,6, 15
1.中考链接
1. Think it over, ___ __ you’ll work out the math problem.
A. or B. so C. for D. and
2. I have only two tickets for TF Boys’ concert. ______ you _____ he can go on with me.
A.Either or B. Neither nor C. Both and D. Not only also
3．China is getting more and more independent of Western technology,?_____ it is leading in many fields,?such as the self-driving car industry．
A．/ ???B．or ???C．but ???D．and
4Judie’s dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite. They made across with some wood sticks,?_____ then Judie painted a butterfly on apiece of white paper.
A.and
B.but
C.or
D.so
答案：DADA
2.翻译下列句子：
我帮你，你帮我。
我的英语老师不仅给了我生命，而且教我如何做一个好人。
史密斯先生是一名英语老师，他下学期教我们英语。
布莱克先生很富有，但他不快乐。
现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。
他有许多好朋友，因为他是个诚实的人。
【答案】
I help you and you help me。
My Englosh teacher not only teachces me knowledge but also how to be a good person.
Mr. Smith is an English teacher and he will teach us English next term.
Mr. Black is rich but he is not happy.
Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.
He has many good friends, for he is an honest man.