2021年外研版英语中考专题复习讲义：宾语从句（含答案）

中考英语复习专题—宾语从句
学员姓名： 年 级： 初三 课 时 数：3 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 讲义审核：
授课主题 初中语法专题—透视宾语从句的三大要点
教学目标 区分句子的成份，理解宾语从句的定义、引导词、语序、时态。
教学重难点 宾语从句引导词、语序、时态辨析；宾语从句的特殊情况辨析
授课日期及时段
教学内容
1. —Have you asked the policeman _______?【2013广东】
— Yes. He told us to turn left onto Main Street. It’s on the right.
A. if there is a bank near here B. how can we get to the nearest bank
C. where can we find a bank D. when we can go to the nearest bank
2. —Do you know__ __ ?【2014广东】
—8,844. 43 meters. It's a popular place with mountain climbers.
A. how high is Qonolangma B. how long is Qonolangma
C. how high Qomolangma is D. how long Qonolangma is
3. —David asked______ in China. 【2015广东】
—Of course not. Chinese usually shake hands with a lady as a greeting.
A.why he can greet a lady by kissing her B.Why he could greet a lady by kissing her
C.Whether he can greet a lady by kissing her D.Whether he could greet a lady by kissing her
4. —I wonder______.
—It will fall on a Saturday.【2016广东】
A. how will National Day fall on this year
B. How National Day will fall on this year
C. What day will National Day fall on this year
D. What day National Day will fall on this year
5. —Do you know ___________ yesterday?【2017广东】
—Yes. He went for the boat race.
A. why didn’t Peter go to school B. why doesn’t Peter go to school
C. why peter didn’t go to school D. why peter doesn’t go to school
6．—Could you tell me_____you'd like me to pay you？【2018广东】
—You'd better use mobile payment．I don't care____it is Ali Pay or WeChat Pay．
A．how,?whether ???B．how,?why ???C．what,?whether ???D．what,?why
7. —Have you decided ____ the Expo 2019 Beijing?【2019广东】
—This summer holiday.
A. How are you going to B. how you are going to
C. when are you going to D. when you are going to
8. —“Judie, can you tell me???? ?you like butterflies?”asked her dad.【2020广东】
—Judie replied, “To, me, butterflies mean beauty and freedom!”
A.why B.which C.what D.when
以上为广东省近8年的宾语从句考题，初步了解宾语从句的考察方向。
宾语从句引导词、宾语从句语序、宾语从句时态两两结合考察，或只考察引导词的选择
一、宾语从句的定义：一个句子充当宾语，这种做宾语的句子叫宾语从句。
动宾结构

主语 谓语 宾语从句
回顾：什么是宾语。宾语是跟在动作后面的东西或人。（找宾语）
I know you.
I know that you are clever.
说出下面三个句子的主句和从句:
He said that he had a very good journey. （动宾结构）
Can you tell me where you will go？
B. I agree with?what you said. （介宾结构）
C. I am afraid?that I will be late. （系表结构）
（P.S.系表结构常用的形容词包括：happy, pleased, glad, satisfied, sure, certain, afraid, surprised）
宾语从句的分类：
1.动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后面的宾语从句。
如：He said that he had a very good journey.
2.介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后面的宾语从句。
如：I agree with?what you said.
3.形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后面的宾语从句。
如：I am afraid?that I will be late.
二、宾语从句的引导词（连接词）
1.从句是陈述句：that/不填。无含义，可省略。that引导动词或形容词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。例如：
A.Tom said that he felt a bit down.
He said he felt a bit down.
C.I am sorry that you are not happy.
I am sorry you are not happy.
注：陈述句包括肯定句、否定句。
She told me that she would like to go with us. （修改）

答案：She told me she would like to go with us.
注意： 在以下情况下，that不能省略。
当出现两个或两个以上的that引导宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。
She told me（that）the film was very good and that she wanted to see it again.
（2）当宾语从句的主语是this/that时，引导词that不能省略。
She said that that was a secret.
（3）当that引导的宾语从句中又有从句时，that不能省略。
Studies show that if you are interested in something.
2.从句是一般疑问句：whether, if ，表“是否”。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。例如：
一般疑问句是 句首为助动词/be动词/情态动词的句子，需要用“Yes”或“No”来回答。
I doubt whether Loki died.
（Did Loki died？是一般疑问句，能用yes/no来回答）
Do you have a pen friend？Mary asked me.（合并成一句）

答案：Mary asked me whether I had a pen friend.
注意：一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但在特殊情况下，只能用whether，例如：
（1）在动词不定式之前，只能用whether，例如：
I can’t decide whether to stay. （我不能决定是否留下）
（2）在whether...or not的固定搭配中，只能用whether，例如：
I want to know whether it’s good news or not. (我想知道是否是好消息)
（3）在介词后，只能用whether，例如：
His father is worried about whether he will lose his work. （他的父亲担心是否会失去工作）
（4）宾语从句放句首表示强调时，只能用whether，例如：
Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know. (这是否真实，我不知道。)

3.由（8个w，1个h）引导的宾语从句，引导词具有意义，不可省略。即在特殊疑问句里会用到的疑问词。包括：how，when，where，why，which，what，who，whom，whose。如：
①I wonder when the series based on Loki will come out.
( When will the series based on Loki come out?是一般将来时的特殊疑问句，疑问词为when，需要具体回答“什么时候”。）
注：有时候某些引导词会以短语的形式出现，如how包括：how long, how far, how soon, how often, how high 等。此外还有如what day，which class等等。如：
①Can you tell me which class you are in？
（注意因为主句是一般疑问句，所以答语会先用yes/no来回答，再具体回答从句的问题，所以不能因此而判断宾语从句的引导词是用whether/if）
即考题如下：
—Can you tell me you are in？
—Yes. I’m in Class One.
A.whether B. which class
Where does he live？I don’t know. （改为宾语从句）

答案：I don’t know where he lives.
总结：
三、宾语从句的语序
1.宾语从句的基本句式：①连接词+主语+谓语+......
②连接词（充当主语）+谓语+......（特殊情况）
(即陈述句语序)。
回顾一般现在时的句式基本结构：
一般疑问句：---Do you often play basketball after school? （疑问语序）
特殊疑问句：What do you often do after school?（疑问语序）
陈述句（肯定句）：We often play basketball after school.（陈述语序）
（因为特殊疑问句是疑问语序，是由：疑问词+is/are/am/can/could/do/did/does/has/have等引导的一般疑问句构成的，
所以宾语从句用陈述语序就要把is/are/am/can/could/do/did/does/has/have 还原到动词的位置上)，以上句子改为宾语从句即：
I wonder what do you often do after school?（what引导的宾语从句）
They say (that) they often play basketball after school.（that引导的宾语从句）
显然，紧随连接词后的，均是 “主语+谓语” 结构。找主语即找代词/人名/冠词
句意是：Tom说他觉得有点丧。
我怀疑洛基是否真的死了。
我想知道《洛基》个人剧什么时候上映。
注意：以下为语序不变的情况
1.当从句的原句为以下句子，语序不变。
What’s wrong？/ What’s the matter？/What’s your trouble？What’s happening?
What’s wrong with you？He asked. （合成一句）

2.what引导的特殊疑问句且what作主语。
What is in their stockings？→The small children don't know?what is in their stockings.
3.who引导的特殊疑问句且who作主语。
Who is over there？→Can you tell me who is over there?
4.whose引导的特殊疑问句且whose短语作主语。
Whose bag is red?→Do you know whose bag is red?
小结：任何从句都使用陈述语序，宾语从句当然也不例外。
练习1：单项选择
1. I want to know ____ he can be here on time.
A. who B. when C. where D. whether
2. Could you tell me ______?
A. what your mother do B. what does your mother do
C. your mother does D. what your mother does
3. Did you know ____ a sports meeting next Saturday ?
A. there would have to be B. if there were
C. if there was going to be D. there was going to have
4.Tell me ____ , please.
A. how old is he B. how old he is
C. he is how old D. how old does he
5.I didn’t know _____.
A.what wrong was with her B. what was wrong with her
C. what wrong is with her D. what is wrong with her
答案：DDCBB
四、宾语从句的时态（重难点）
1.当主句是一般现在时，从句可根据需要选用任何时态（主现从不限），例如：
He says she is right. 一般现在时
He says she was right. 一般过去时
He says he has been ill for three days. 现在完成时
I don’t know if she will come tomorrow. 一般将来时
2.当主句是一般过去时，从句选用相应的过去的某种时态，即一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时等（主过从必过），例如：
He said she is right.
He said she was right.
什么是相对应的过去时？
He is sick. he was sick. 一般过去时
He is reading a book . He said he was reading a book . 过去进行时
He has finished his work. he had finished his work.
He will go to Hong Kong . he would go to Hong Kong.
3.当主句讲述的是客观事实或真理时，从句时态不受主句的影响，从句都用一般现在时（从真理用动原/三单形式），例如：
The teacher said light travels faster than sound.
4.Could you tell me...委婉的语气，常按照一般现在时处理，例如：
Could you tell me where the nearest park is？
总结：主现从任意，主过从过去，从真理用现在
练习：
1.The radio says it _________ cloudy tomorrow. (be)
2.The headmaster hopes everything ______ well. (go)
3.Tom says that they ______________ (play) basketball at six o’clock yesterday evening.
4.I hear they ______________ (return) it already.
5.He said that they ___________ members of the Party since 1948. (be)
6.He asked what they _____________ at eight last night. (do)
7.The teacher told his class that light _______ faster than sound. (travel)
8.I think you ____________ about the murder now. (talk)
9.I didn’t know whom the letters ______ from. (be)
10. I didn’t know what time he _______ the letter. (write)
答案：will be/ goes/ were playing/ have returned/ have been/ were doing/ travels/ are talking/ were/ wrote
【户外拓展】
宾语从句简化：疑问词+to do
①当主句和宾语从句的主语都是同一个人，且宾语从句由疑问词等引导时，从句可简化为“疑问词+to do”结构。主句的谓语动词常见know, remember, forget, learn, decide，
1）She doesn't know what she can do.
= She doesn't know what to do.
二、乾坤大挪移之否定转移
如果主句满足以下三要素，从句的否定要转移到主句上来：
（即主句的谓语动词用否定式，宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式）
一般现在时
第一人称I，we作主语
表示心理活动的词作谓语，如know，think，believe, guess, suppose，expect等
缺一不成。。。
1. 我认为他不会和你一起来。
I don’t think he will come with you.
2. 我不信他已经完成了作业。
I don’t believe he has finished his homework.
典型例题：I didn’t know _____.
what wrong was with her B. what was wrong with her
C. what wrong is with her D. what is wrong with her
分析： 宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序，但要注意当疑问词为主语时，
句式为：疑问词+谓语+其他，所以此题排除A，C。因为主句的时态是一般过去时，
所以从句要用过去的时态，正确答案选择B。
1.Have you decided _______ for Australia.
when will you leave B. when do you leave C. you will leave when D. when you will leave
2.Can you tell me______?
where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives
3.I didn’t know ____ he will come or not.
that B. whether C. weather D. how
4.I wonder______.
how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes costs
C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost
5.Ask him__.
whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup
6.I don’ t know _____he will come tomorrow. ___ he comes, I will tell you.
if; Whether B. whether; Whether C if; That D. if; If
7.She told me the sun ____in the east.
rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
8.Some of my friends are interesting in science, but none of them can tell____.
when UFOs will appear next time B. why do horses know the way
C where was this kind of plant found D. how do elephants communicate
9.Could you please tell me _____?
Bus No. 32 will take you right there.
where is Henan Museum B. what Henan Museum is like
C how can I get to Henan Museum D. which bus I shall take to Henan Museum
10.I wonder _____ without water. ----About a week.
how long man can live B. how long can man live
C. when man can live D. when can man live
答案：1-5：DDBCA 6-10：DCADA
中考宾语从句这么考：
I know.../I don’t know... I want to know... Do you know...
I don’t understand...
I can’t decide... I wonder... I asked...
I will show you... Can you show us...
It’s hard to believe... We have no idea...?
Could/Would you?please tell me...
排除法：
首先排除疑问语序（引导词后为is/are/am/can/could/do/did/does/has/have...)的宾语从句）：宾语从句的语序为陈述语序（找出引导词，引导词后面跟着主语(代词/首字母大写名词/冠词）即是陈述语序。 ）
根据宾语从句的时态原则进行二次排除。
根据回答选择正确的引导词。
一、单项选择
1.He asked his father______.
where it happens B. where did it happen
C. how it happened D. how did it happen
2.I can’t understand ______.
what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean
C what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means
3.I don’t know ____ the day after tomorrow.
when does he come B. when will he come
C. if he comes D. whether he will come
4.Could you tell me _____ the nearest hospital is.
what B. how C. whether D. where
5.I want to know _______.
whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after.
6.Do you know what time ______?
the train leave B. does the train leave
C. will the train leave D. the train leaves
7.I don’t know ______. Can you tell me, please?
how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
8.I don’t know____ he will be back home.
A. who B. what C. when D. where
9.Do you still remember ______?
that he said B. what he said C. did he say that D. what did he say
10.I can’t understand ____ the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave C. why she had left D. why had she left
中考链接
1. —Have you asked the policeman _______?【2013广东】
— Yes. He told us to turn left onto Main Street. It’s on the right.
A. if there is a bank near here B. how can we get to the nearest bank
C. where can we find a bank D. when we can go to the nearest bank
2. ——Do you know__ __ ?【2014广东】
——8,844. 43 meters. It's a popular place with mountain climbers.
A. how high is Qonolangma B. how long is Qonolangma
C. how high Qomolangma is D. how long Qonolangma is
3.---- David asked______ in China. 【2015广东】
----Of course not. Chinese usually shake hands with a lady as a greeting.
A.why he can greet a lady by kissing her B.Why he could greet a lady by kissing her
C.Whether he can greet a lady by kissing her D.Whether he could greet a lady by kissing her
4.-I wonder______.-It will fall on a Saturday.【2016广东】
A. how will National Day fall on this year
B. How National Day will fall on this year
C. What day will National Day fall on this year
D. What day National Day will fall on this year
5. — Do you know ___________ yesterday?【2017广东】
—Yes. He went for the boat race.
A. why didn’t Peter go to school B. why doesn’t Peter go to school
C. why peter didn’t go to school D. why peter doesn’t go to school
6．-Could you tell me_____you'd like me to pay you？【2018广东】
-You'd better use mobile payment．I don't care____it is Ali Pay or WeChat Pay．
A．how,?whether ???B．how,?why ???C．what,?whether ???D．what,?why
7. —Have you decided ____ the Expo 2019 Beijing?【2019广东】
—This summer holiday.
A. How are you going to B. how you are going to
C. when are you going to D. when you are going to
8. —“Judie, can you tell me???? ?you like butterflies?”asked her dad.【2020广东】
—Judie replied, “To, me, butterflies mean beauty and freedom!”
A.why B.which C.what D.when
答案：1-5：CDDDD 6-10：DDCBA 1-8:ACDDC ADA