2021年外研版英语中考专题复习讲义：被动语态（含答案）

中考英语复习专题—被动语态
学员姓名： 年 级：初三 课 时 数：3 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 讲义审核：
授课主题 动词的用法-被动语态
教学目标 了解并区分动词的两种语态
了解被动语态与时态结合的考点
教学重难点 了解被动语态与时态结合的考点
授课日期及时段
教学内容
被打的豆豆
有位科学家到南极考察，碰到一群企鹅，于是他问其中一个:你每天都干什么呀？
那企鹅说：吃饭、睡觉、打豆豆。
他又问另外一只企鹅：你每天都干什么呀？
那企鹅也说：吃饭、睡觉、打豆豆。
他问了很多企鹅，大家都说： 吃饭、睡觉、打豆豆。
后来他遇到了一只小企鹅，很可爱的样子，就问道：小朋友， 你每天都干什么呀？
小企鹅说：吃饭、睡觉。
科学家一愣，随即问道：你怎么不打 豆豆 啊？
小企鹅说：因为我就是豆豆。
正如汉语中的被字句，英语中的“被字句”我们称之为被动语态。
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。
1. It __ ___ last week that the haze(雾霾)in Beijing caused many problems.
A. reports B. reported C. is reported D. was reported
2. Although Flight MH370 has been missing for months, I do believe it _ some day in the future.
A. will find B. won't find C. will be found D. won't be found
3. —Have you heard of the song Little Apple?
—Yes. It ______ every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs.
A.is played B.plays C.was played D.played
4. He Jing______to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.
A. invites
B. invited
C. is invited
D. was invited
5. The waiter told me that free parking ___________ for the hotel guests.
A. provides B. provided C. will be provided D. was provided
6．Many shops in China_____to shut down as a new law against ivory（象牙）trade came into effect on January 1st,?2018．
A．ordered ??? B．didn't order ???C．were ordered ???D．weren't ordered
7. It is said that one Greater Bay Area university ____ in Guangdong in the future.
A. will be built B. build C. will build D. is built
8. He told them that kites?____ in China more than 2,000 years ago.
A.invent
B.invented?
C.are invented
D.were invented
以上为广东省近8年的被动语态考题，观察被动语态的考察方向。
结合状语/宾语从句考察一般过去时被动，一般将来时被动，一般现在时被动
知识梳理
1.语态的基本概念
2.什么情况下使用被动语态
3.被动语态用法详解
课前衔接
时态
一般现在时
一般过去时
一般将来时
标志词
often,usually,always,every, sometimes
yesterday, last..., ...ago, in 1999,
just now, in the past
next, tomorrow, soon,
in three days，from now no
谓语
①am/is/are②do/does
①was/were②did
①be going to be/do②will be/do
例子
His mother____an actress.
do B. are
C. Is D. have
1.She____happy yesterday.
2.I thought the dress____really pretty.A. is? B. was? C. /?D. were
There _____ a film next week.
A. will have B. is going to have
C. is going to be D. is going be
人称代词
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
人称代词主格：作主语，表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。We/You/They are students.
人称代词宾格作宾语，表示动作行为的对象。Give it to me.
专题精讲
1语态的基本概念
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
Many people speak Chinese.（主动语态）
谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
Chinese?is spoken by many people.（被动语态）
主语English是动词speak的承受者。
口诀：时态一，语态二，宾变主，主变宾，by短语，后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后添“过分”。
2什么情况下使用被动语态
一般来说，在我们日常生活中，能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态。只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：
不知道：Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。
没必要：China was founded in 1949. 中国于1949年成立。
需强调：Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
不愿说：It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。
不愿说其目的是为了使语言得体、圆滑等。常用句式还有：
"It is said that…"据说……（常考）
"It is reported that …"据报道……（常考）
It is well known that …众所周知… …
It is supposed that…据推测说… …
It is believed that…大家相信
It is hoped that…大家希望
It is thought that…大家认为
It is suggested that…据建议
【对点练习】
1．It last week that the haze (雾霾）in Beijing caused many problems.
A． reports B． reported C． is reported D． was reported
【答案】D【解析】试题分析：句意：据上周报道北京的阴霾引发了很多问题。"It is reported that …"据报道…是一个固定句型。结合last week可知该选D。考点：考查固定句型。
3用法详解 （初中只需掌握一般态的三种被动即可）
1、谓语构成：be+done（动词的过去分词）

be + done
am/is/are
was/were
will/be going to + be
am/is/are + being
was/were + being
have/has /had + been
can/must/may/need be
【图文解说】被动语态的结构就是在动词前加个“be”，动词变为相应的过去分词。其中由于时态的不同，be相应地会有不同的结构（如：/is/am/are/be/being/been），但最后动词的过去分词是不变的。(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成。)

时态
主动语态
被动语态
例句
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/ does
am/is/are done
We clean the classroom.
The classroom is cleaned by us.
一般过去时
did
was/were done
He made the kite.
The kite was made by him.
一般将来时
will/shall/be going to do
will/shall be done
be going to be done
They will plant trees tomorrow.
Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
情态动词
can/may/must do
can/may/must be done
I can find him.
He can be found by me.
主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变，原主变宾by后见，时态人称be关键。
对点练习：
Class meeting ______every Thursday. （is held）
These cups ___________by the boy yesterday. （were broken）
A speech ___________(give) next week. ( will be given )
Good books ______________again and again. （should be read）
Your homework ________________after class.（must be handed in）
2、被动语态的句式结构（以一般将来时为例）
①肯定式：A new road will be built next year.
②否定式：A new road will not be built next year.
③一般疑问式：Will a new road be built next year.
④特殊疑问式：When will a new road be built？
3、解题步骤
1）第一步： 判断正确的被动结构：be + done
2）第二步： 根据时间状语判断时态，选出正确答案。
【小试牛刀】
1. Today, computers are really helpful. They ____ everywhere.
A. use B. are used C. used D. were used
2. Many accidents ________ by careless drivers last years.
A. are caused B. were caused C. have caused D. will cause
3. The road _____________ last year.
A. builds B. built C. was built D. is built
答案：BBC
4、常见用法
①当句子结构为“主语+谓语+间宾(人)+直宾（物）”时，一般把间接宾语（人）变为主语，而直接宾语（物）不变，这样句子显得自然些。如果把直接宾语（物）作为主语，那么在间接宾语前应加介词to或for.
Eg:1.She sent me a novel on my birthday. (主动) →
I was sent a novel on my birthday. (被动)
A novel was sent to me on my birthday. (被动)
2.My brother bought me a watch yesterday. (主动) →
I was bought a watch yesterday. (被动)
A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday.(被动)
注意：
1).间接宾语前需要加for的动词，
buy ,sing ,catch ,find ,get,draw ,cook ,keep ,make，offer 等。
“买画制作煮”：buy（买）, draw（画）, make（制作）, cook（煮）.
例如：buy sb. sth = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
2).间接宾语前需要加to的动词，bring ,give ,pass ,hand ,leave ,show ,write ,take ,teach ,tell ,lend,send ,return等
“七给一带”： give（给予）, lend（借给）, send（送给）,pass（递给）, show（展示给…看）,
tell（讲给）,teach（教给）,bring（带来）
例如：teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教给某人某物
②可与被动语态连用的介词
1.表示谓语动词的动作是为谁或为何目的而发生的要用介词for。
1.This new bike was bought for you .
2.Stamps are used for sending letters .
3.表示动作发出者所使用的工具或强调状态时应用介词with。
1.The trees were cut down with a knife .
2.The bottle is filled with orange .
③教材中与被动语态相关的一些词组:
get dressed(穿衣) get hurt(受伤) get lost(迷路) get washed(洗脸) get married(结婚)
be covered with (被…覆盖) be well-known as/to
be made of （由…制成）（看得出原材料） be made by （由某人制造）
be made from （由…制成）（看不出原材料） be made in （由某地制造）
be used for （被用于…） be used as （被当作…使用） be used to do （被用于做...）
it is said that…（据说…） it is hoped that…（希望…） It is well known that...(总所周知...)
特殊结构形式之一
一感（feel）
二听（hear，listen to ）
三让（let ,make ,have ）
四看（watch,see,notice,look at）
主动语态中不用to
被动语态中要加to
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
1. The workers were made ________ ten hours a day.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
答案：B
特殊结构形式之二
一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态，有些相当于及物动词的动词词组, 如"动词＋介词", "动词＋副词"等, 也可以用于被动结构, 但要把它们看作一个整体, 不能分开，也千万不要遗漏介词或副词。
温馨提示常考动词短语：take care of → be taken care of cut down → be cut down
laugh at → be laughed at look after → be looked after
如：The meeting is to be put off till Friday.
1.I promise that everything will _______.
A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of
2. I dislike being_______while try to learn skiing.
A.look B.look at C.looked D.looked at
3.Our compositions must ________ next Monday.
A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in
答案：BDB
不可用于被动语态的情况
1.连系动词（Link.v.) 如： look, sound, smell, taste, feel…+ adj (形容词）时 ，本身已含有被动含义，主语是物，不用被动语态。
1).The flowers _______sweet. （smell）
这些花闻起来很香。
2).The story ________ interesting. （sounds）
这个故事听起来很有趣。
3).The piece of cloth ________ soft. (feels)
这块布摸起来很柔软。
4).Good medicine________ bitter.??（tastes）
良药苦口。
2.不及物动词（vi.） 不用被动语态如: happen, last, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, appear, last, start等。
1) A traffic accident ___________(happen) just now. （happened）
2) She ____________ (disappear) from the garden. （disappeared）
当某些动词表示事物的自然属性时,不用被动语态，常见的有：sell(“销售好)”read(好读”)，write(“好写”)，wash(“耐洗”)，wear(“耐穿)，last(“维持”)，open(“打开”) 。
注意：这类动词的主动形式表示被动意义有三个明显特征
1).与not，hardly等否定意义的词连用.
2).常与副词well,easily,badly ,poorly ,nicely ,fast ,smoothly ,等连用表示效果或程度。
3）句中的主语是谓语动词的承受者
1).The pen _________ (write) very fast. (writes)
这支笔书写流利。
2).This kind of sweater _______ (sell) well. (sells)
这种毛衣很畅销。
3). This kind of sweater _____________(sell out) yesterday. (was sold out)
这种毛衣昨天就被买光了。
4)This coat _________(wash) well. (washes）
这件大衣很耐洗。
4、不及物短语动词不用被动语态：
温馨提示常考短语动词：come true , belong to, turn out, run out, take place, come out, break down…….
. My dream ____________ . 我的梦想已经实现了。 has come true
2). My money __________.我的钱已经用光了。 has run out
3).Great changes _______________ in our hometown.我的家乡已经发生了很大的变化。 have taken place
4). His new book _____________next month. 他的新书将在下个月出版。 will come out
5、“主语+be worth doing”句式中ving形式表达被动含义
Eg：1.This book is well worth reading.
2.The film is well worth seeing．???
被动语态口诀：
主语执行用主动，主语承受用被动。
间宾前加 for 或to,感官使役还原to。
短语动词是一家，千万不要拆散它。
不及物动词无被动，不要把我误来用。
系形组合含被动，无需再来变被动。
sell, write与wash,表动作有被动，表属性无被动。
run out, come out与come true,汉语思维像被动，英语思维无被动。
对点练习：
1. The bike ______ 500 yuan.
A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed
2.-The food looked bad,but it ______ OK. - So we can't judge a man by his appearance.
A. is tasted B. tasted C. was tasted D. taste
3.Since 2000, Jingmen has become a new city. Everything______.
A. is changed B. was changed C. had changed D. has changed
答案：1. C 2. B 3. D
英语中的时态主要是借助于时间状语与上下文语境来进行判断:
语态的判断主要是确定句子主语与谓语动词的关系:
尤其要注意一些特殊动词的用法!
单项选择
(　　)1.Look at the picture. The top five TV plays ________ in it.
A．list B．are listed C．will list D．will be listed
(　　)2.—Laiwu has developed a lot in the last few years.
—Yes. And the high?speed rail ________ in 2022.
A．completes B．is completed C．will be completed D．will complete
(　　)3.Nowadays China ________ for its new “four great inventions”—shared bicycle, electronic payment, high?speed railways and online shopping.
A．was knowing B．was known C．is knowing D．is known
(　　)4.—Can you go to the movies with me tonight?
—I have to ask my mum. If I ________， I will go with you.
A．allow B．allowed C．am allowed D．was allowed
(　　)5.—What do you know about the coming 2018 Russia FIFA World Cup?
—Oh, I only know that the last game ________ on July 15.
A．was played B．is played C．will be played D．will play
(　　)6.—Light?rail vehicle(轻轨) ________ in our city in two years.
—Good news.
A．builds B．built C．will be built D．is built
(　　)7.As far as we know, the 2022 Winter Olympics ________ in China.
A．hold B．are held C．will hold D．will be held
(　　)8.—________ the theme park ________ in Shanghai two years ago?
—Yes, it's about Chinese traditional culture.
A．Does; build B．Did; build C．Is; built D．Was; built
(　　)9.There will be fewer workers in factories because most work ________ by robots in the future.
A．is done B．was done C．will be done D．will do
(　　)10.—Your hometown is beautiful, and the air is really fresh.
—Yes. Many trees and flowers ________ around here every year.
A．plant B．are planted C．was planted D．will plant
(　　)11.The latest mobile phone ________ in China.
A．will make B．has made C．is making D．is made
(　　)12.We Chinese ________ by the touching documentary Amazing China.
A．encourage B．encourages C．are encouraged D．are encouraging
(　　)13.Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they________ to drive a car.
A．are allowed B．allowed C．will be allowed D．allow
(　　)14.Many shops in China ________ to shut down as a new law against ivory(象牙) trade came into effect on January 1st, 2018.
A．ordered B．didn't order C．were ordered D．weren't ordered
(　　)15.Too much time ________ on computer games by most teenagers every day. And their parents are worried about their health and study.
A．spends B．is spent C．has spent D．spending
答案：1.B　2. C　3.D　4.C　5.C　6.C　7.D 8．D　9.C　10.B　11.D　12.C 13．A　14.C 15．B　
单选题
1．A new international airport in the city next year.
A． completes B． is completed C． will complete D． will be completed
【答案】D【解析】一般将来时的被动语态。“一座新的国际飞机场明年将要在这所城市完工。”
2．Look at the picture. The top five TV plays ________ in it.
A． list B． are listed C． will list D． will be listed
【答案】B【解析】句意：看这幅画。前五名的电视剧都在里面。一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。
3．-Who’s the little girl in the photo, Laura?
-It’s me. This photo_________when I was five.
A． is taken B． takes C． was taken D． took
【答案】C【解析】考查一般过去时被动语态。
4．Dr Bethune ________ still________ in both China and Canada today
A． is; remembered B． is; remembering
C． will; remember D． has; remembered
【答案】A【解析】句意：如今白求恩医生仍然被中国和加拿大的人民纪念。故使用一般现在时被动语态，故选A。
5．What good news! Xiaogan West Station in Yunmeng in two years.
A． builds B． will build C． is built D． will be built
【答案】D【解析】句意：多好的消息啊！孝感西站将于两年内在云梦建成。“一般将来时态的被动语态”。
6．Kids have to take many extra classes after school classes. They _______ hard to study for good grades.
A． push B． are pushed C． are pushing D． have pushed
【答案】B【解析】句意：孩子们不得不上很多课外班。他们刻苦学习以求好成绩。
7．---Simon, do you know who invented the kite?
---Sure! It ____ by Mozi over 2,000 years ago.
A． is invented B． invented C． was invented D． will be invented
【答案】C【解析】句意：Simon，你知道谁发明了风筝吗？---当然，它是于2000多年前被墨子发明的。故句子用一般过去时态的被动语态来表达，答案选C。
8．Students ______ to the library after school.
A． allow to go B． are allowed going C． will allow go D． are allowed to go
【答案】D【解析】句意：学生们被允许放学后去图书馆。
9．The latest mobile phone in China.
A． will make B． has made C． is making D． is made
【答案】D【解析】句意：最新的手机是在中国制造的。一般现在时的被动语态。
10．The school music festival next Monday.
A． was held B． held C． will be held
【答案】C【解析】句意：这个学校的音乐节将在下周一举行。一般将来时的被动语态。
11．There will be fewer workers in factories because most work _________ by robots in the future.
A． is done B． was done C． will be done D． will do
【答案】C【解析】句意：工厂将会有更少的工人，因为将来大多数工作将会由机器人来做。本题考查一般将来时的被动语态。
12．If you are caught smoking in the kitchen, you ______ by your boss.
A． will fire B． are fired C． will be fired
【答案】C【解析】句意：如果你在厨房里被抓到吸烟，你就会被老板开除。如果主句是将来时，那么if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，这是主将从现的用法。
13．— The 19th National Congress of the CPC(中共十九大) in Beijing last year.
— Our country has been into a new era(时代) since then.
A． held B． was held C． has held D． had held
【答案】B【解析】句意：——去年，中共第十九次全国代表大会在北京举行。——从那时起，我国进入了一个新的时代。为一般过去时被动语态的形式。
14．The Second Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing on the sixteenth of August, 2014.
A． will hold B． will be held C． was held D． is holding
【答案】B【解析】试题分析：句意：第二届青年奥运会将在2014年8月16日在南京举行。根据时间状语on the sixteenth of August, 2014表示未来的时间，所以句子应该用一般将来时，故排除C、D；句子的主语The Second Youth Olympic Games与hold之间是被动关系。故排除A；故选B。考点：考查动词时态及语态。
15．The opening of the 2018 World Cup in Russia this evening. So after our English exam, let’s go and watch it to relax ourselves!
A． Would be held B． is held C． will be held
【答案】C【解析】句意：2018世界杯开幕式今天晚上将在俄国举行。因此在我们英语考试之后，让我们去观看它来放松我们自己。根据语境可知是将来被动语态，其结构是will be done的形式。
中考链接
单选题
1. It __ ___ last week that the haze(雾霾)in Beijing caused many problems.
A. reports B. reported C. is reported D. was reported
2. Although Flight MH370 has been missing for months, I do believe it _ some day in the future.
A. will find B. won't find C. will be found D. won't be found
3.---- Have you heard of the song Little Apple?
---- Yes. It ______ every morning when aged people do square dancing downstairs.
A.is played B.plays C.was played D.played
4.He Jing______to give a speech at the graduation ceremony at Harvard University last month.
A. invites
B. invited
C. is invited
D. was invited
5. The waiter told me that free parking ___________ for the hotel guests.
A. provides B. provided C. will be provided D. was provided
6．Many shops in China_____to shut down as a new law against ivory（象牙）trade came into effect on January 1st,?2018．
A．ordered ??? B．didn't order ???C．were ordered ???D．weren't ordered
7. It is said that one Greater Bay Area university ____ in Guangdong in the future.
A. will be built B. build C. will build D. is built
8.He told them that kites?____ in China more than 2,000 years ago.
A.invent
B.invented?
C.are invented
D.were invented
答案：DCADD CAD