2021年外研版英语中考专题复习讲义：代词（含答案）

中考英语复习专题—代词
学员姓名： 年 级： 课 时 数：3 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 讲义审核：
授课主题 初中语法专题—变化多端的代词
教学目标 掌握人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词的用法；
教学重难点 重点掌握物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词用法讲解
授课日期及时段
教学内容


1. Boys, don’t lose__ __ in playing Angry Birds. It is bad for your eyes to play computer games for a long time.【2013广东】
A. himself B. yourself C. themselves D. yourselves
2. —Hello, Linda speaking. Who's__ ____?【2014广东】
—Hello, this is Martin.
A. he B. one C. that D. this
3. —Look at this model ship. I made it all by ______ last week. 【2015广东】
—Wow, you are so smart!
A.me B.my C.mine D.myself
4. —I'm a little hungry Daddy. 【2016广东】
—See the cupcakes on the plate, but you can only take______, dinner is ready soon.
A. it
B. one
C. this
D. that
5. Jessica used to be a manager in a company, but she gave up ___________ job when she became a mother.【2017广东】
A. she B. hers C. her D. herself
6．Boxing Day,?the 26th of December,?got_____name from a time when many rich families gave boxes of gifts to poor people who had to work at Christmas．【2018广东】
A．it’s ???B．its ???C．one’s ???D．one
7. Nobody taught the old lady how to use Wechat. She learned it all by ____. 【2019广东】
A. she B. her C. herself D. hers
8.Judie decided to ask her dad for help as it was?____??first time to make a kite.【2020广东】
A.her
B.herself
C.hers
D.she
以上为广东省近8年的代词考题，观察代词的考察方向。
反身代词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词
知识梳理
代词的定义
代词的分类
代词的用法
专题精讲
代词的定义
指代人或事物。功能相当于名词和形容词。代词的使用必须和它所代替的部分在人称、数、格等方面一致。
代词的分类
人称代词：主格；宾格
物主代词：形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词
反身代词：-self/-selves
指示代词：this/that/these/those
不定代词：普通不定代词和复合不定代词
疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which
相互代词：each other/one another
关系代词：who, whom, what, which, that
代词的用法
人称代词
人称代词有人称、数和格的变化；人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格用作主语，及物动词和介词之后的人称代词要用宾格，尤其要注意并列宾语。具体变化见下表：
格 / 数
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
我
我们
第二人称
你
你们
第三人称
他
他们
她
她们
它
它们
主格：在句中作_____（主/宾）语。
宾格：常位于动词/介词后面，作______（主/宾）语。
※单数人称代词时其排列顺序为：you and I； you and he； you, he and I （2-3-1）
复数人称代词时其排列顺序为：we and you； we and they； we, you and they
【点拨】
①人称代词主格作主语：表示谁怎么样了、干什么了。
I am a teacher.???????We/You/They are students.
②人称代词宾格作宾语（放在动词或介词之后）：表示动作行为的对象。
Give it to me.????????????????? Let’s go (let’s =let us)
I go to school with her. We send them some cards.
【考题精析】
1 Tom and Mike are good friends. _____ often help each others.
A. They B. Them C. Their D. Theirs
2 – Do you know Alice? – Yes. I know __________ very well.
A. she B. her C. herself D. Hers
答案：1 A 考查人称代词主格。根据谓语动词help可知空格是主语，因此用主格代词。句意：汤姆和麦克是好朋友。 他们经常互相帮助。
2.B 考查人称代词宾格。根据上句的Alice可知空格用宾格her。句意：—你认识爱丽丝吗？—是的，我们很熟悉。
it的一般用法：
1.表示人以外的动物和东西，是单数名词的代词，译为“它”。
---Where is your car? ---你的小汽车在哪儿？
---It is over there. ---（它）在那边。
it的特殊用法：
1.可以指人，主要是指不知性别的孩子或不明身份的人。
Go and see who it is.
2.指代上文提到的事物。
I like my classroom because it is big and clean.
3.代替指示代词this和that。
---Is this her ruler? ---Yes, it is. It’s her ruler.
4.表示天气、气候、时间、距离等，此时并不译为“它”。
指距离：---How far is it from here to the park? 从这儿到公园有多远？
---It's about two miles. 大约是二英里
5.it 常见的句型：
It’s +adj. +to do sth. 做某事是…的. (形式主语)
It seems that … 似乎…
It’s one’s turn to do sth 轮到谁做某事
make/ think /feel/find + it + adj. + to do sth. 使/觉得/感觉/发现做某事是…的（形式宾语）
It is easy for me to learn English well. (形式主语)
I found it easy for me to learn English well.（形式宾语）
【考题精析】
考题1 Most young people find _______ exciting to watch a football match.
A. it B. this C. that D. one
考题2 – They are discussing what to do for the disabled.
– ________is necessary to provide them with more positions.
A. That B. This C. It D. There
考题3– Who is singing in the next room? – ______ must be Marie.
A.It B.She C.This D. There
考题4 – Have you found your lost mobile phone?
– No, I haven’t found ________, but I bought _______ this morning.
A. one; that B. that; one C. it; one D. one; it
答案：ACAC
物主代词
表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，有人称和数之分。具体见下表：
单数
复数
我的
你的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他们的
形容词性
名词性
（名词性的物主代词 = 形容词性的物主代词 + 名词）
只有在上下文中已指明是谁的人或物时，才可以用名词性物主代词。
如：This mobile phone is his. Where is mine（my mobile phone）?
这部手机是他的。我的在哪里？
【考场模拟】
1. – Whose shirt is this? Is it Tom's? – No, it isn't, ______ is white.
A. Mine B. Hers C. His D. Yours
2. – Are the keys over there _______? – No. Go and ask Anna. They may belong to her.
A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself
3 – Is Miss White _________ English teacher, Maria? – No, she teaches ________ geography.
A. your; my B. you; mine C. you; us D. your; us
答案：CCD
反身代词
反身代词表示动作回到其执行者本身，用以加强语气，意为“我（们）自己，你（们）自己，他/她/它（们）自己”。反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，一般用在宾语和主语是同一个人的情况下，或用来强调某人亲自怎样。在人称、数、性别上保持一致，单数后加self，复数后加selves；不定代词one也有其反身代词oneself。
单数(-self)
复数(-selves)
第一人称
我自己
我们自己
第二人称
你自己
你们自己
第三人称
他自己
他们自己
她自己
它自己
记忆小窍门：反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加self。其余都要形容词性物主加self，复数加selves。
【常见搭配】
①enjoy oneself 玩的开心；过得愉快
②by oneself 某人自己，独自
③help oneself to… 请随便吃...；请自便...
④learn sth. by oneself? = teach oneself sth. 自学
⑤hurt oneself 弄伤自己
⑥lose oneself in 陶醉于……；沉浸于……
⑦talk to oneself 自言自语
⑧look after oneself = take care of oneself自理；照顾自己
【注意】用反身代词时，注意找准主语是谁！！！
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。
I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。
【考题精析】
一、短文填空。
1 It's very important for us to learn how to learn by __ourselves__．
2 There are lots of restaurants in our town.And most of __them__ are clean and cheap.
3 Many people think Peng Liyuan is the most beautiful First Lady.And __her__ songs are also well?known.
4 Kitty is the name of my pet.__Its__ nose is very funny.
5 Please help ___yourself/yourselves______ to some fish.别客气，吃些鱼吧。
6. I hope you can enjoy ___yourself______ at the party.我希望你在聚会上玩的开心。
7. The children made model planes by__themselves_____. 孩子们自己做了一些飞机模型。
8. That poor boy was ___myself_______.那个贫穷的孩子就是我自己。
二、单项选择
1– Kate. I’m going on business. Please look after ______ well. – Don’t worry, Mom. I will.
A. herself B. myself C. yourself
2 College students are old enough to teach _______.
A. them B. their C. themselves D. they
3 – How was the evening party yesterday?– We enjoyed ___________ very much.
A. us B. ourselves C. its D. itself
4.If we just think about ______, the boat of friendship will be overturned anytime.
A. myself B.himself C.yourself D. ourselves
5.Who taught you English last year? Nobody taught me . I taught ______.
A. me B. myself C. mine D. I
答案：CBCBD
指示代词
指示代词用来指代或标记人或事物的代词，表示“这个/些，那个/些”。
指示代词
指示代词的一般用法
this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人；that和those则指在时间或空间上较远的事物或人。
如：I don’t like these books.Could you please show me those ones?
指示代词的特殊用法
1）在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时,?要用it代替this或that。
—What’s?that?? ?—It’s?a?kite.?
在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。
—Are?these/those?your?apples???[—Yes,?they?are.?
2）打电话时，this指自己，that指对方。
Hello! This is Jim.Who is that speaking?
3）that和those常常用来代替上文已经提到过的名词，一般用于比较级的句式中。但this和these不能这样用。
The area of the bedroom is larger than that of the sitting room.
The bikes made in Chongqing are as good as those made in Shanghai.
【考题精析】
( )1. is my brother, and are my friends.
A. Those, these B. This, these C. That, that
( )2. Is _____ a panda over there?
A. this B. that C. those D. these
( )3. - Hello, Linda speaking. Who's______? - Hello, this is Martin.
A. he B. one C. that D. this
答案：BBC
不定代词
定义：不指明任何特定的人和物的代词。不定代词具有名词性质，有可数和不可数、单数与复数的区别；不定代词也具有形容词性质，起限定作用。
① 普通不定代词：
some，any
few，little
other，another
many，much
each，every
both，all
none
either，neither
one,it
1.other /the other /others /the others 的区别
后面没有名词
后面有名词
有数量限制(特指)
the others
the other
没有数量限制(泛指)
others
other
用法
图解
例句
other
“其他的”，后有名词（复数）
I don’t have other books.
没有数量限制(泛指)
others
常与some搭配构成
“some ...., others ...”
后没有名词

Some students are playing football, others are playing basketball.
没有数量限制(泛指)
the other
表示两个人或物中的 “另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”
后面有名词

He has two sons. One is 10 years old, the other is 5 years old.
有数量限制(特指)
the others
特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。
后面没有名词
We got home by 4 o’clock, but the others didn’t get back until by 8 o’clock.
有数量限制(特指)
another
泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰可数名词单数。

She had another cup of tea.
He’ s writing another novel.
表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个.
注: 1) one …the other … 表示两者之间的一个……另一个……(the others=the other+名词复数）
2) some… others… 表示一些…… 一些……(others=other+名词复数）
3) another 表示三者以上的不确定数目中的另一个. 只能修饰可数名词的单数.
▲常用句式：one …another + 名词单数… 表示三者之间的一个……另一个……
another +数字+ 复数名词= 数字+ more +复数名词：表示 “ 另外几个……”
We need another two students.=We need two more students
【考题精析】
( )1. Of the three foreign guests, one is from London, ____two are from New York.
other?? ? B. the other ?? ? C. some? ?? ?? D. any?
( )2. There are twenty teachers in this grade. Eight of them are women teachers and ____ are men teachers.
the other B. the others C. others D.other
答案：BB
2.some与any 的区别
均表示“一些”，即不确定的或未知的数量、数目。既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。
some一般用于肯定句，any用于否定、疑问句、条件句中。
e.g. I can see some cups on the table.
但在表示一种邀请、请求、建议、反问等，或期待对方做出肯定的回答，这时用some不用any。
常用于could / would / May 开头或what about /how about …. 的句中。
e.g. Would you like some milk?
May I ask you some questions?
此外，any也可用于肯定句中,表示 “任何……
e.g. He is taller than any other boy in our class.
We can overcome any difficulty. 我们能战胜任何困难。
【考题精析】
考题1– How many books do you have?– I don’t have ______, not even ______ old one.
A. some; an B. any; an C. some; a D. any; the
答案：B
3.many与much的区别
①many修饰可数名词复数；much修饰不可数名词。表示“太多的...”，都相当于a lot of +复数名词/不可数名词。可在many和much前加表示程度的副词so，too等。
e.g. You gave the little child too much money.
注:a lot of 不能用于否定句中. 否定句中用many /much .
I have many/lots of friends.
I haven’t got much money.
②many/much也可后接“of（+限定词）+名词/代词”，表示“...中的很多”
e.g. Many of the students work hard at their lessons.
4.both /neither /either /all / none / any 的区别
都
都不
任何一个
两者之间
both
neither
either
三者或三者以上
all
none
any
常用词组
A) both …and …连接两个主语时,谓语动词用复数.
同义词组: not only …but also …
反义词组: neither … nor …
Not only you but also she likes watching TV.
= ____ you _____ she like watching TV.
B) either …or … 或者……或者…… ,
neither…nor… 既不……也不…… 连接两个主语时,谓语动词实行就近原则.
【考题精析】
( )1. ---?Would?you?like?tea?or?coffee??---?______,?thanks!?I’d?prefer?a?coke.
A.?Both? B.?Neither? C.?All? D.?Some?
( )2.My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful with trees and flowers on _____ sides of the road.
A.all B.both C.neither D.either
答案：BB
5.each和every的用法
（1）each可以跟单数可数名词连用，也可以单独使用。each强调个体，可用于两者之间，也可以用于三者或三者以上，可以和of连用。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Listen and write each person’s name under the correct picture.
I’m going to ask each of you to speak for three minutes.
（2）every强调整体，用于三者或三者以上，其后必须跟单数可数名词，不可以单独使用，也不能与of连用。
I enjoyed every minute of the film.
考题1.—Do you think ________ of the students can take part in the Marathon Skating?
—Certainly they can. In fact, they make good use of ________ skating lesson.
each；every B．every；each C．each；all
答案：A
6.few, a few和little, a little的用法
表否定(几乎没有)
表肯定(有一点/几个)
修饰可数名词
few
a few
修饰不可数名词
little
a little
例如：I have a few friends here, but few good friends.
He has a little money, but little happiness.
【考题精析】
( )1.We’re busy because we have so _______ housework to do today.
few B.little C.many D.much
( )2.He has written many books, but ______ of them are good.
few B.many C.little D.much
(　　) 3.The girl in purple is new here，so ________ people know her.
few　　B．a few　　C．little
答案：DAA
7. one和it的用法
①one可用来代替前面已经出现的可数名词单数，以避免重复，表示泛指。若要代替同类复数名词时，需用ones。
e.g. —Have you got a cinema? —No, but I want to buy one.
Which do you like better, the big one or the small one?
②one可以有自己的定语，可以和the, this, that 等连用，表示特指。
e.g. Your answer is a good one.
This picture looks better than that one.
考点：it, one, that 的区别
it用于指代上文提及到的事物，指同名同物。
例如：My aunt bought a new coat and gave it to me as a birthday gift.
（it指上文提到的同一件coat）
one泛指同名异物可数名词单数，复数为ones。
例如：The coat is too small for me, I want a big one.
（one泛指一件大的外套，但与前面提到的不是同一件）
that 特指同名异物可数名词单数或不可数名词，只能指事物。复数为those，特指同名异物可数名词复数，可指人也可指物。
例如：The coat you bought is better than that I bought.
（that特指“我买的外套”，但与前面提到的不是同一件）
【考题精析】
( )1.Do you have toys? I’d like to buy ______ for my cousin.
it B. one C. this D. that
( )2.There are enough cups for each visitor to have ______.
A.one B.it C.this D.that
( )3. I’m expecting a pet dog for long, but mom has no time to buy _________ for me.
A.it B. one C. this D. that
答案：BAB
②复合不定代词：
some
any
no
every
thing
something
anything
nothing
everything
one
someone
anyone
no one
everyone
body
somebody
anybody
nobody
everybody
▼当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词something，everything，everyone等时，形容词或else必须放在不定代词的后面。
▼复合不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
▼something, anything, everything, nothing
something意为“某事，某物”，一般用于肯定句中。也可用于表请求的疑问句中，希望得到对方肯定的回答。
anything一般用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中，也可用于肯定句，表示“任何事物，任何事情”。
everything意为“一切”。
nothing意为“没有什么”。
e.g. We can’t decide anything now.
Would you like something to drink?
Money isn’t everything.
There is nothing in the room.
▼ somebody, someone/ anybody, anyone/ everybody, everyone/ nobody, no one
somebody, someone意为“某人”，一般用于肯定句中。也可用于表请求的疑问句中，希望得到对方肯定的回答。
anybody, anyone一般用于否定句、疑问句及条件句中，也可用于肯定句，表示“任何人”。
everybody, everyone意为“所有人，每个人”。
nobody, no one意为“没有人”。
考点：none, no one的区别
①no one, 不与of连用，只指人。
一般用来回答who，及含anyone, anybody引起的疑问句。
E.g —Who is in the room? —No one.
—Is there anyone in the room? —No one.
②none 可与of连用，指人与物。
一般用来回答how many, how much及含有any引起的疑问句。（暗示一种数量，即指数量上“一个也没有”。 ）
1）None of us have / has seen him.
—How many students are there in the room? —None.
3）—How much money do you have on you? —None.
【考题精析】
考题 1.Water is important to ________, so there are many water festivals around the world.
everyone B.nobody C.somebody D.something
考题 2.________ is waiting for you at the gate.He wants to say thanks to you.
A．Somebody B．Anybody C．Everybody
考题 3.—What else do you want?—________ else.I think I've got everything ready.
A．Everything B．Something C．Nothing
考题4.– Your tea, please. – There must be ______ in the tea. I like this kind of tea with sugar.
nothing sweet B. something sweet C. sweet something D. sweet nothing
考题5.—How many students like this song? —______ of us likes it. It sounds terrible.
None B.Nobody C.Everyone D.All
答案：AACBA
疑问代词
用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。疑问代词主要包括who（谁），whom（谁），whose（谁的），what（什么）which（哪一个，哪些）等，一般放在句首。
疑问代词
主要用法
例句
who
“谁”
Who wants to go with me？
whom
“谁”，who的宾格形式，作宾语
To whom are you talking？
whose
“谁的”，who的属格形式
Whose book is this？
辨析What和who
who询问某人的姓名
—Who is the boy under the tree？—He is Li Ming.
what询问某人的职业
—What's your father？—He is a reporter.
辨析what和which
“哪一个，哪一些”
what没有一定范围的限定
What would you like？
which在具体的范围内进行选择
Which one do you like best？
【考题精析】
考题1.—______ T-shirt is this?—I think it’s Tim’s.
Whose B. Which C. What D. Who
考题2– Do you know ________ the man with sunglasses is?– I’m not sure. Maybe a reporter.
A. who B. what C. where D. how
考题3 Can you tell me ______ you are going to do next week?
A. if B. what C. how D. where
考题4. The teacher has already told me but I’m still not clear _____ to do next.
A. how B. what C. why D. whether
答案：ABBB
相互代词
相互代词只有each other和one another，意为“互相”。each other通常指两者之间；one another用于指三者或三者以上。但在实际运用中，两者可以互换。
We always chat with each other or play games.
【考题精析】
考题1 Earthquakes happen when two plates(板块) move against ______ other.
both B. all C. each D. every
答案：C
关系代词
关系代词主要包括who, whom, what, which, that等，它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，通常用来引导主语从句、宾语从句、定语从句等。
e.g. Who introduced potatoes into China is unknown. （作主语）
I’d like to know what he is doing over there. （作宾语）
Do you know whose pen it is? （作定语）
( )1. The teachers are very patient when we ask _____ for help.
they B. them C. their D. theirs
( )2. ---What’s the boy’s name? --- _____ is Eric.
He B. Her C. His D. Him
( )3. --- Cindy, is the baseball bat _____? --- No, _____ is over there.
your; my B. your; mine C. yours; my D. yours; mine
( )4. To my surprise, he sold ______ house at such a low price.
he B. him C. his D. himself
( )5. On the way to Mount Heng, the scenery was so beautiful that all of us lost _____ in it.
myself B. themselves C. ourselves D. itself
( )6. Peter doesn’t feel sure of _____ in his new school.
he B. him C. his D. himself
( )7. --- The population of China is larger than _____ of India.
　　　--- Yes, but India’s population is increasing rapidly.
it B. one C. that D. this
( )8. Helen has got two brothers. _____ of them likes chocolate, but she loves it.
Neither B. None C. Each D. Any
( )9. ---I have two soccer balls, what about you? ---Oh, I don’t have _____.
some B. no C. any D. much
( )10. Don’t worry. There is _____ wrong with the TV set. It’s only because of power cut.
something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
Key: BADCC DCACB
中考代词突破方法：
1. 代词指代人还是物。
2. 代词指代可数还是不可数。
3. 代词指代特指还是泛指。
4. 两者之间还是三者或是三者以上。
5. 代词所表示的是肯定的还是否定的概念。
【考场模拟】
1. She is new here, so we know ________ about her.
A. nothing B. something C. anything D. everything
2. New Zealand has two islands. One is North Island and _____ is South Island.
A. another B. the other C. other D. the others
3. Whatever you do, ________ is difficult if you put your heart into it.
A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
4. – When shall we go to the museum, this afternoon or tomorrow morning?
– _____ is OK. I’m free these days.
A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither
5. – Which of these two sweaters will you take?
– I’ll take _______ . They look nearly the same, and I just need one.
A. both B. either C. none D. all
6. – Wow! You’ve got so many skirts．
– But________ of them are in fashion now．
A. all B. both C. neither D. none
7. – How many students like this song?
– ______ of us likes it. It sounds terrible.
A. None B. Nobody C. Everyone D. All
8. In the West, people like to finish a meal with ______, for instance, dessert.
A. sweet anything B. sweet something C. anything sweet D. something sweet
答案：ABACB DAD
【广东中考真题】
一、单项选择：
1.Boys, don’t lose__ __ in playing Angry Birds. It is bad for your eyes to play computer games for a long time.
A. himself B. yourself C. themselves D. yourselves
2.—— Hello, Linda speaking. Who's__ ____? ——Hello, this is Martin.
A. he B. one C. that D. this
3.----Look at this model ship. I made it all by ______ last week.
----Wow, you are so smart!
A.me B.my C.mine D.myself
4.-I'm a little hungry Daddy.
-See the cupcakes on the plate, but you can only take______, dinner is ready soon.
A. it
B. one
C. this
D. that
5.Jessica used to be a manager in a company, but she gave up __________ job when she became a mother.
A. she B. hers C. her D. herself
6．Boxing Day,?the 26th of December,?got_____name from a time when many rich families gave boxes of gifts to poor people who had to work at Christmas．
A．it’s B．its ??? C．one’s ?? ?D．one
7. Nobody taught the old lady how to use Wechat. She learned it all by ____.
A. she B. her C. herself D. hers
8.Judie decided to ask her dad for help as it was?____??first time to make a kite.
A.her
B.herself
C.hers
D.she
二、短文填空：
1.If you have a plan to visit China next year, would ___80___like to spend this festival with us?
2.My grandfather kept working hard , and finally made 79 dream come true.
3.When she saw her son, she was very excited and thanked 79_______ with tears in her eyes.
4.We should try 79 best to care for our family.
5.When the film group meet the Smiths, they find that Mr. Smith, Mrs. Smith and their two sons are so crazy about technology that __73__ hardly do things together.
答案：DCDBC BCA you/ her/ us/ our/ they