名词和代词
1.Simple __________(solve)are?rarely?used, such?as?changing?the?layout?around?villages?or?putting?up?fences.
【答案】solutions
【解析】句意为:简单的解决方案很少使用,例如改变村庄周围的布局或设置围栏。此处应用名词作主语,再结合谓语动词are?可知,主语应为复数形式。故填solutions.
2.In?2018,the?reform?was?expanded?to?eight?provincial-level __________(region), namely?Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Fujian, Hubei,?Hunan,?Guangdong?and?Chongqing.
【答案】regions
【解析】句意为:2018年,改革扩大到八个省级地区,即河北、辽宁、江苏、福建、湖北、湖南、广东和重庆。此处region为可数名词,由数词eight修饰,应用复数形式,故填?regions.
3.“This?freight?train?is?a __________(reflect)?of?the?achievements?of?trade," Chairman?Timmy?Feng?told?Reuters.
【答案】reflection
【解析】句意为:主席蒂米·冯告诉路透社:“这列货运列车是贸易成果的体现。”不定冠词a后应接单数名词,故填?reflection.
4.The?above?views?may?or?may?not?be?correct.?They?are?only?for?your ___________(refer).
【答案】reference
【解析】句意为:以上观点可能正确,也可能不正确,仅供参考。your为形容词性物主代词,其后应接名词,故填reference.
5.Students?can?apply?to?their?ideal?universities?via?the?national?college?entrance?exam?designed?for?___________ (they) by the?Ministry?of?Education.
【答案】them?
【解析】句意为:学生可以通过教育部为他们设计的高考来申请他们理想的大学。此处位于介词for后作宾语,应使用宾格形式,故填them.
6.Go?on?a?journey?and?visit?places?of?interest.?In?this?way,you?can?find?the?culture?there?different?from _________ of?your hometown.
【答案】that
【解析】句意为:去长途旅行并参观名胜古迹。这样你可以发现那里的文化与你家乡的文化不同。分析句子成分可知,设空处指代the?culture.指代同一种事物但并非同一个,应用代词that.故填?that.
7. Some?people?think?putting?off?retirement?will?limit?employment?opportunities?for?the?younger?generation,?but _________believe?jobs?suitable?for?the?young?are?not?the?positions?held?by?senior?employees.
【答案】others
【解析】句意为:有些人认为延迟退休会限制年轻一代的就业机会,但其他人认为适合年轻人的工作并不是老年雇员所担任的职位。some...others...为常见式,故应用others作主语,指代?other?people.故填?others.
8.Suddenly, Papa?appeared?at?the?window?and?my?heart?leaped?with?surprise?and __________(relieve).
【答案】relief
【解析】句意为:突然,爸爸出现在窗前,我的心猛地一跳,内心充满惊讶和宽慰。此处应用名词和? surprise?并列,共同作介词with的宾语。故填relief.
9.For?decades, he?provided?both?the?young?and?the?old?with?adventure, confidence, strength, _________(inspire), friendship?and?joy.
【答案】inspiration
【解析】句意为:几十年来,他给年轻人和老年人带来了冒险、信心、力量、鼓舞、友谊和欢乐。此处应使用名词形式,与?adventure, confidence, strength, friendship?和?joy?并列,故填inspiration.
10.Some?sports?can?be?hard?on?the?body?and?young?athletes?suffer?serious ________(injury)?that?follow?them?into adulthood.
【答案】injuries
【解析】句意为:有些体育运动会对身体造成伤害,年轻的运动员会受伤很严重,这些伤一直伴随他们到成年。分析句子成分可知,此处应用名词作suffer的宾语。再结合定语从句中的谓语动词follow?可知,先行词是名词复数。故填injuries.
11.The?harmful?effects?that?smog?can?have?on?people's?health?are?one?of?the?top ______(concern)?of?those? who?live?in some?cities.
【答案】concerns?
【解析】句意为:雾霾对人类健康的有害影响是一些城市的居民最关心的问题之一。此处应用名词形式;结合句中的one of可知,应用复数形式。故填concerns.
12.Perhaps?this?realization?had?never?shown ___________(it) before, because?I?had?never?been?brave?enough?to? uncover? it.
【答案】itself
【解析】句意为:也许我以前从来没有这种意识,因为我从来没有足够的勇气去发现它。此处指代前文的 realization,当主语与宾语指代一致时,宾语应使用反身代词,故填itself.
13.The?kids?knew ___________was?impolite?to?listen?to?other?people’s?conversation, but?the?topic?captured?their attention.
【答案】it
【解析】句意为:孩子们知道听别人谈话是不礼貌的,但这个话题吸引了他们的注意力。此处应用it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语?to?listen?to?other?people’s?conversation.故填it.
14.?We?have?various?summer?camps?for?your?holiday,?so?you?can?choose _________based?on?your?own?interests.
【答案】one
【解析】句意为:我们有适合你假期的各种各样的夏令营,所以你可以根据自己的喜好选择一个(夏令营)。此处用one代指a?camp,故填one.
15.It?is?said?that?when?Greek?hero?Odysseus?eventually?returned?home?after?20?years?away?at?war, only?his?dog? Argos recognized?him, who?was?overjoyed?to?see __________(it)?owner?again?after?so?many?years.
【答案】its
【解析】句意为:据说当希腊英雄奥德修斯20年后最终从战场上回家时,只有他的狗阿戈斯认出了他,阿戈斯在那么多年后再次看到它的主人非常开心。根据句意可知,此处指“它的”,应用形容词性物主代词。故填its.
语篇填空
The Sad Zither (锦瑟) is a famous seven-verse poem written by Tang Dynasty poet Li Shangyin (813-858). Due to its rich imagery, the poem is regarded as one of the ___56___(hard) poems to explain and translate.
In the beginning of the poem, the poet looks at his zither and recalls the death of his beloved wife. The big number of strings, which might not be the real number, ___57___(be) mentioned to show his feeling. With so many strings, his zither creates complicated tones, ___58___(suggest) the sorrow and depression the poet feels. The reality is so cruel that he wishes everything ___59___happened was untrue. In this part, he uses four Chinese ancient ___60___(myth) and legends: Zhuangzi, a philosopher, dreams of being a butterfly and couldn抰 distinguish dream ____61____reality; the ancient emperor Wang becomes a cuckoo and always cries; mermaid抯 tears become pearl and vapor of jade from Lantian County can be seen in the sunlight. The first three stories all create ___62___sad atmosphere. Though the last legend describes a beautiful scene, it抯 hard ___63___(reach), implicating the hopelessness.
Actually, the four stories he chose indicate Li抯 ___64___(satisfy) with his life.
In the end the poet directly expresses his point. He wrote about his regret toward the passing years and the helplessness of being unable to change anything, even if he ______65______(give) the chance to live those years again.
【答案】
56. hardest 57. is 58. suggesting 59. that 60. myths
61. from 62. a 63. to reach. 64. dissatisfaction 65. were/was given
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了唐代诗人李商隐的《锦瑟》这首诗。
【56题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意:由于其丰富的意象,这首诗被认为是最难解释和翻译的诗歌之一。固定短语“one of the +形容词最高级+复数名词”意为:最……的……之一。所以此处应填hardest。
【57题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:作者提到琴弦的数量来表明他的感受,这些数量可能并不是实际的数量。这里要解释诗歌第一句“锦瑟无端五十弦”的含义,描述诗歌作品中的事情应该用一般现在时;这个句子的主语是the big number,是单数形式,所以谓语动词也应该用单数形式。故填is。
【58题详解】
考查现在分词。句意:由于琴弦太多,他的古筝产生了复杂的音调,暗示着诗人所感受到的悲伤和压抑。句子的谓语动词是creates,所以此空应填非谓语动词,suggest与主语his zither是主动关系,所以应填现在分词做伴随状语。故填suggesting。
【59题详解】
考查定语从句的关系代词。句意:现实如此残酷,他希望所发生的一切都是不真实的。先行词是everything(不定代词),且在从句中做主语,当定语从句的先行词是不定代词且从句缺主语或宾语时,定语从句只能由that引导。故填that。
【60题详解】
考查名词的数。句意:在这一部分中,他使用了四个中国古代神话传说。myth是可数名词,前面有four修饰,故填myths。
【61题详解】
考查固定短语。句意:哲学家庄子梦想成为一只蝴蝶,不能区分梦境和现实。固定短语distinguish A from B 意为:区分A和B。故填from。
【62题详解】
考查冠词。句意:前三个故事都营造了一种悲伤的气氛。atmosphere意为:气氛,氛围,是可数名词。此处泛指“一种悲伤的气氛”,应使用不定冠词,sad是以辅音音素开头的词,应使用a。故填a。
【63题详解】
考查不定式。句意:最后一个传说虽然描述了一个美丽的场景,但它很难触及,暗示了绝望。在“名词/代词)+be easy/hard/fit等形容词+不定式结构”中,不定式用主动形式表达被动含义,这时可以看成省略了动词逻辑主语for us, for me, for him等。此处表达尽管场景美丽,但是对于诗人来说是很难达到的。故填to reach。
【64题详解】
考查名词。句意:事实上,李所选择的四个故事表明了他对自己生活的不满。根据提示词satisfy(满意,满足),再结合实际情况可知,诗人对自己的生活并不满意。空前有Li's这个所有格形式,所以本空应该填名词形式。故填dissatisfaction。
【65题详解】
考查动词的语态和虚拟语气的时态。句意:他写下了自己对逝去岁月的遗憾,以及即使有机会再活一次,也无法改变任何事情的无奈。从语态来说,句子的主语是he,与give之间是被动关系;从时态来讲,如果把even if引导的从句当让步状语从句,则从句的时态不用虚拟,按照实际情况用一般过去时即可。如果把even if引导的从句当虚拟条件状语从句,则从句的谓语动词需用“were式或were to+不定式”。本文在第一段中说《锦瑟》这首诗是最难解释和翻译的诗歌之一,所以本文作者对于诗歌内容所传递的信息也不能完全确定。即,作者也不能确定李商隐在诗歌中所描述的情况到底是确有其事还是虚拟假设,故填were/was given。
语篇填空2
As the name suggests, Sichuan Hot Pot was born in Sichuan Province, ____36____ is known for its ____37____ (prefer)for spicy food. This mouth-burning and tongue—numbing hot pot has been gaining a large amount of attention in recent years in foreign countries.
The ____38____(common) accepted theory traces the Sichuan Hot Pot back to early 20 century when the port workers and fishermen who worked and lived along the Yangtze River could not afford ____39____ (eat) the regular cuts of meat so they figured out a way to cook cheap meats and offal(内脏) ____40____ boiling them in a pot of extremely spicy soup. The use of spicy soup was first ____41____ (intend) to cover the taste from the offal. However, after some ____42____ (adjust) of fragrant spices, this one pot meal became a popular dish in Sichuan region.
After years of continuous development, eating Sichuan Hot Pot today ____43____ (be) no longer what the poor like. Offal still remains as classic hot pot ingredients, ____44____ high quality meats and seafood ingredients are also common on the menu. The modern hot pot has been shaped into a complex meal that starts with sliced meat, offal, and seafood, _____45_____ (follow) by vegetables and ends with noodles.
【答案】
36. which 37. preference 38. commonly 39. to eat 40. by
41. intended 42. adjustments 43. is 44. but 45. followed
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四川火锅,介绍了四川火锅的历史由来以及发展变化。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:顾名思义,四川火锅诞生于以喜辣闻名的四川省。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Sichuan Province,且先行词在从句中作主语,指物应用关系代词which,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意同上。上文its为形容词性物主代词修饰名词preference,且preference此处表示“偏好”为不可数名词。故填preference。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意:普遍接受的理论可以将四川火锅追溯到20世纪初,当时在长江沿岸工作和生活的港口工人和渔民吃不起一般的肉食,于是他们想出了一个办法,将便宜的肉类和内脏放在一锅极辣的汤里煮熟。修饰后文动词accept应用副词commonly,作状语。故填commonly。
【39题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。结合句意表示“负担得起做某事”短语为afford to do sth.。故填to eat。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意:他们想出了通过把便宜的肉和内脏放在一锅非常辣的汤里煮的办法来烹饪这些肉。此处表示“通过,借助”应用介词by。故填by。
【41题详解】
考查固定短语。句意:麻辣汤的使用起初是为了掩盖内脏的味道。结合句意表示“为了……”可知短语为be intended to。故填intended。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意:然而,经过一些香料的调整,火锅成为了四川地区的热门菜。此处作介词after的宾语应用名词adjustment,且adjustment为可数名词,由some修饰应用复数。故填adjustments。
【43题详解】
考查主谓一致。句意:经过多年的不断发展,今天吃四川火锅已经不再是穷人喜欢的东西。此处根据“today”可知描述目前的状况应用一般现在时,主语为动名词短语eating Sichuan Hot Pot,谓语动词应用单数。故填is。
【44题详解】
考查连词。句意:内脏仍然是火锅的经典食材,但高品质的肉类和海鲜食材在菜单上也很常见。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系,应用连词but。故填but。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:现代的火锅被塑造成一顿复杂的大餐,先是肉片、内脏和海鲜,接着是蔬菜,最后是面条。分析句子结构可知follow在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语sliced meat, offal, and seafood构成被动关系,故应用过去分词作状语。故填followed。