牛津译林版英语八年级下Unit 1 Past and Present知识点归纳及提高练习（无答案）

牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit1知识点归纳及提高练习
Unit1 Past and present
Welcome语法知识点
past
①作名词，过去。in the past
②作介词，经过。go past the shop
③作形容词，过去的。in the past years
use
used to do sth 过去常常做某事
例句： He used to spend a lot of time playing football. 他过去常常花大量时间踢足球。
The girl used to be crazy about collecting stamps. 那女孩过去痴狂于收集邮票。
There used to be a shop near my home. 过去我家附近曾有一家商店。
否定形式：used not to do=didn’t use to do.
be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
be used to do sth 被用来做某事
time
①：表示“时间”，为不可数名词。
例句：Give me some more time. 再给我一些时间。
②：表示“次数”或“倍数”，为可数名词。
例：many times 许多次/倍
③：times 时代 transport at different times 不同时代的交通工具
拓展：sometimes 有时 some times 一些次数 sometime 某时 some time 一些时间
in time 及时 on time 准时 at times 有时
Welcome巩固习题
单项选择
The building is a cinema now. It a supermakert.
was ued to be B. used to be C. is used to being D. uses to be
There a big river in front of the house,but now it has turned into farmlands.
used to have B. used to be C. is used to having D. is used to be
In some countries,people use computers to the traffic going in a better way.
help B. keep C. make D. let
词汇运用
I don’t think anybody can tell those (different) between the two pictures.
People live quite different lives at different (time).
Reading语法知识点
interview
①作动词，采访。
interview sb 例句：Who will interview the French writer?
②作名词，采访。
have an interview with sb 例句：Who will have an interview with the French writer?
拓展：interviewer 采访者 interviewee 被采访者
since
①作连词，自从.../既然.../由于...。后面加句子，表示“自从”时，后面从句用一般过去时。
例句：I have lived here since I was born.
②做介词，自从。后面加名词。
例句：I have lived here since 1994.
move
①move house 搬家
②move away 搬走
③move to sp 搬去某地
④move in/out 搬进/搬出
⑤move into/out of 搬进/搬出
marry
①marry 动词，结婚，嫁娶。 marry sb 与某人结婚 （marry—marries—married）
例句：Do you want to marry a man like Mike?
②married 形容词，已婚的。get married to sb 与某人结婚
例句：The woman got married to the subject 2 years ago.
③marriage 名词，婚姻。
over
作介词
①在...期间。=during over the past 2 years 在过去的两年中
②超过。= more than There are over 8000 patients. 有超过8000名患者。
③在...上方。 a bridge over the river 河上的一座桥
作副词
④结束。It is over. 结束了。
turn
turn into sth 变成某物
例句：When the temperture dropps below zreo, the water will turn into ice.
当温度下降到零度以下，水就会变成冰。
② turn A to B 把A变成B
注意：pollute—pullution[不可数名词] improve—improvement[不可数名词]
waste
①作不可数名词，废弃物。
例句：They often put the waste into the river. 他们经常把废弃物放进河里。
②作不可数名词，浪费。a waste of time 时间的浪费
③作动词，浪费。waste sth 浪费某物
realize
①作动词，意识到。
realize sth 意识到某事 realize the problem 意识到那个问题
realize+that从句（宾语从句）
例句：The goverment realized that they need to take action to improve the situation.
政府意识到他们需要采取行动改善情况。
②作动词，实现。 realize one’s plan/dream
alone和lonely
①lonely 形容词：孤独的，偏僻的。
②alone 作形容词：独自的。作定语、表语。
作副词：独自地。=on one’s own=by oneself
例句：I won’t feel lonely if I live in a lonely village alone. 如果我独自住在偏僻的小村庄里，我不会感到孤单。
Reading巩固习题
单词拼写
They have lived in the small village （自从）1996.
I want to (提高) my English. Can you help me?
Collecting （废弃物）is a good way to protect our environment.
After he went to Canda, I （意识到）how much I missed him.
When did your parents get (marry) ?
I want to visit the (south) part of the city when I have time.
There is much (pollute) in the river. We can’t see one fish.
Lots of (废品）were produced in this factory in the past.
Many changes have taken place (在...期间）the years.
We should work hard at the serious water (pollute).
Welcome-Reading词组
过去常和我分享食物 ______________________________used to share food with me
过去对我如此之友好 ______________________________used to be so kind to me
不同时代的交通工具 ______________________________transport at different times
乘公交车环绕城市 ________________________________take a bus to go around the city
乘大巴去其他城市 ________________________________go to other cities by coach
花很长时间等下一辆车 ____________________________take a long time to wait for the next car
非常了解阳光镇 __________________________________know Sunshine Town very well
自从我出生以来 __________________________________since I was born
搬家 ____________________________________________move house
住在镇的北部 ____________________________________live in the northern part of town
结婚 ____________________________________________get married
搬到两个街区以外 ________________________________move two blocks away
自那以来 ________________________________________since then
这些年来 ________________________________________over these years
把部分镇中心变成新公园 _____________________ turn part of the town center into a new park
水污染问题 ______________________________________the problem of water pollution
阳光河边的一家钢铁厂_____________________________a steel factory near the Sunshine River
把废弃物排放到河里 ______________________________put the waste into the river
意识到这个严重问题 ______________________________realize the serious problem
采取行动改善形势 ________________________________take action to improve the situation
在某种程度上来说 ________________________________in some ways
一个美丽的现代化城镇 ____________________________a beautiful modern town
像以前一样经常见到彼此 __________________________see each other as often as before
过去常常一起打牌下象棋 ____________________ used to play card and Chinese chess together
时不时地感到孤独 ________________________________feel lonely from time to time
有丈夫或妻子 ____________________________________have a husband or wife (pl. wives)
搬离他的父母 ____________________________________move away from his parents
这个镇发生了惊人的变化。_________________Amazing changes have taken place in the town.
告诉我更多你对他的采访 _______________________tell me more about your interview with him
他们一生 _____________________________________all their lives
搬到两街区外的另一个公寓 _____________________move to another flat two blocks away
Grammar知识点
时态：现在完成时（第一课时）
用法
①动作发生在过去并对现在造成影响。
②动作发生在过去并持续到现在。
基本结构
肯定句：主语+have/has+done
否定句：主语+haven’t/hasn’t+done
疑问句：Have/Has+主语+done？
特殊疑问句：Wh-+have/has+主语+done？
注意：现在完成时中，无论什么句型，动词都要变成过去分词形式。
时间标志及句式
already已经，用于肯定句中。放在have/has后或句末。
just刚刚，用于肯定句中。放在句中。
yet 还，用于否定句和疑问句中。
ever曾经，用于肯定句和疑问句中。放在句中。
never从未，用于否定句中。放在句中。
for+一段时间
since+过去的时间点/从句（过去时）
注意：对⑥⑦提问，用How long
recently、lately最近 before之前，放在句末。
So far、up to now、by now、till/until now到目前为止，放在句末。
over/in/during the past... 在过去的...中，放在句末。
表示频率的一些词：once twice three times...
how many times
◆ It’s one’s+序数词+time+that+从句（现在完成时）
例：It’s my second time that I have read the book.
It’s his fourth time that he has watched the film.
现在完成时和最高级连用表示“到现在为止最......”
It’s the most boring film I have ever seen.
动词的过去分词变化
常规变化+ed，不规则变化参照书后表格。
Grammar巩固习题1
一、写出下列动词的过去分词
1. come
2. see
3. visit
4. give
5. write
6. make
7. fly
8. eat
9. forget
10. go
11. choose
12. sleep
13. keep
14. speak
15. is
16. know
17. lose
18. do
19. meet
20. read
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. They ______ (go) to the shopping centre already.
2. --- ______ you ______ (enjoy) the book? --- Yes, I did.
3. The Greens ______ (not come) back to China yet.
4. Where is my pen? I can't find it anywhere. It ______ (be) here just a moment ago.
5. They ______ (not see) the film yet. What about you?
6. Look! The children ______ (plant) flowers in the garden. They ______ (plant) many already.
7. My brother ______ (go) there again next year.
8. He is my old friend. I______ (know) the boy since 1993.
9. --- When ______ you ______ (finish) the work? --- In two hours.
10. She ______ (not read) the book before.
11. Eddie ______ just ______ (eat) the bread. He ______ (eat) it just now.
12. In the past, many women ______ (make) all the clothes by themselves.
三、单项选择
（ ）1. Mrs. Zhang ______ a lot. She ______ fatter.
A. has changed, has became B. has changed, has become
C. changes, becomes D. changed, became
（ ）2. Lily's grandpa has lived here ______.
A. 10 years ago B. almost 10 years C. since 1994 D. for long time
（ ）3. He has ______ two apples, ______ much juice and ______ three wonderful films.
A. ate; drinked; saw B. eaten; drunk; seen
C. eaten; drank; watched D. ate; drank; watched
（ ）4. Millie ______ a good teacher and the cinema near her school ______ a big garden already.
A. has become; has become B. has turned into; has become
C. becomes; becomes D. has become; has turned into
（ ）5. --- I have ______ finished my homework. What about you?
--- I finished it ______.
A. just; just B. just now; just now C. just; just now D. just now; just
（ ）6. --- Have you ______ been to Shanghai? --- No, never.
A. ever B. even C. never D. already
（ ）7. They ______ the celebration one year after Hong Kong's return to China.
A. have had B. had C. have D. will have
（ ）8. He got married ______ 1998 and he has had a happy family ______ 1998.
A. in; in B. in; since C. since; in D. since; since
（ ）9. Look, the box is ______ more expensive than that one. Which answer isn't correct?
A. a bit B. a little C. even D. many
（ ）10. They have ______ chosen the present, but they haven't sent it to their friend ______.
A. already; already B. yet; yet C. already; yet D. yet; already
（ ）11. --- Have you finished your English homework ______?
--- Yes. And I have ______ finished my maths homework.
A. already; already B. already; yet C. yet; already D. yet; yet
（ ）12. --- ______ has he visited the beautiful city?
--- For about a week.
A. How long B. How soon C. How often D. How far
（ ）13. --- Have you written anything on Chinese traditional food so far?
--- ______, but I have a plan for it.
A. Ever since B. Later on C. Not yet D. From now on
（ ）14. --- I've got a job in New York.
--- Oh, ______! But I will miss you.
A. that's too bad B. I'm sorry C. I beg your pardon D. that's great
（ ）15. --- How long has Eddie lived here?
--- ______.
A. Since two years ago B. For two years ago
C. Since two years D. For two years before
四、句型转换
1. Tom has already eaten something. (改为否定句)
____________________________________________________________________.
2. Daniel has never seen this film. (改成一般疑问句并作否定回答)
____________________________________________________________________.
3. Mr Green began to teach in China in 1998. (改为同义句)
_______________________________________________ since ________________.
_______________________________________________ for __________________.
4. My friends have known him for years. (对划线部分提问)
____________________________________________________________________?
5. The famous teacher has just given us a Chinese lesson. (对划线部分提问)
____________________________________________________________________?
6. The foreigner has visited our school twice. (对划线部分提问)
____________________________________________________________________?
五、翻译句子
1.我很久没见过我父母了。
I ___________________________________________________ a long time.
2.你还没有从香港回来吗？
Haven't you ____________________________________________________?
3.自从上周三以来，你修了多少辆车？
How many ____________________________________________________?
4.最近你听说过什么电影？
What __________________________________________________________?
5.他已经对北京的过去和现在了解得更多。
He ____________________________________________________________.
Grammar巩固习题2
一、单项选择
（ ）1. You'll answer for what you ______.
A. will do B. have done C. had done D. do
（ ）2. --- ______ my dictionary?
--- Yes. I saw it on your desk a moment ago.
A. Have you seen B. Do you seen C. Had you seen D. Would you seen
（ ）3. She ______ Robert one year ago.
A. married B. married with
C. has got married to D. has been married to
（ ）4. Mary speaks Chinese well. She _____ in China since 2008.
A. have stayed B. stayed C. is staying D. has stayed
（ ）5. ---Would you like to go and see a film with me tonight?
--- I'd like to, but I ______ it twice.
A. see B. will see C. have seen D. am seeing
（ ）6. --- ______ have you been here?
--- For a month.
A. How often B. How far C. How long D. How soon
（ ）7. --- He's just back from work, ____?
--- ______. He is reading in the room.
A. hasn't he; Yes, he has B. has he; No, he hasn't
C. isn't he; Yes, he is D. is he; No, he isn't
（ ）8. --- ______ you ______ your homework yet? --- Yes, I ______ it just now.
A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished
C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish
（ ）9. --- Do you still have a toothache, Jim? --- No, it's ______. I'm all right now, mum.
A. dropped B. polluted C. gone D. protected
（ ）10. Li Hua ______ in the factory since she ______ school ten years ago.
A. works; leaves B. has worked; left C. works; left D. has worked; leaves
（ ）11. How many places have you visited ______ 2003?
A. when B. before C. after D. since
（ ）12. --- He has made a lot of friends ______ he came here.
--- I think so. He was very kind ______ others.
A. since; of B. after; to C. since; to D. after; of
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. He ______ (live) here since he ______ (move) to Huai'an.
2. My father used ______ (be) a history teacher. But now his hobby is reading.
3. When I was in the primary school, my mother ______ (drive) me to school every day.
4. Let me show you how ______ (get) to the train station.
5. Do you enjoy ______ (chat) with your friends?
6. Please finish your homework first before ______ (write) to you this year?
7. --- ______ your grandma ever ______ (write) to you this year?
--- Yes. I ______ (receive) her letter three weeks ago.
8. Many changes ______ (take) place over the past ten years.
9. The bowl is empty. He ______ (eat) the food.
10. This is the best film I _____ (see) this year.
11. He can't have a break now, because he ______ (not finish) his homework.
12. How many English songs ______ he ______ (learn) so far?
13. I can't open the door because I ______ (leave) the key in the office.
14. --- There are great changes in Changzhou.
--- Yes, it ______ (change) a lot in the past years.
15. --- Are you hungry, Max? --- No, I ______ just ______ (eat) in a restaurant.
16. --- ______ you ______ (see) my umbrella?
--- Yes, I ______ (put) it on the chair just now.
17. Her sister ______ (stay) in Dancing Group for 2 months since she ______ (arrive) at the school.
18. --- Who ______ (help) you do the project about dinosaurs? --- Tom will.
19. The old man ______ (lose) his money already, but his daughter ______ (find) it 2 days ago.
20. Our plane ______ (leave) at 10 am tomorrow.
21. The teacher came at about 4 o'clock. We ______ (have) a class meeting then.
22. How long ______ you ______ (live) in Nanjing since you were born?
三、翻译下列句子
1. ---你们打扫过教室了吗？ ---打扫过了。我们刚才打扫的。
--- ______ you ____________? --- Yes, we ___________________
2.李平还没擦黑板呢。看，黑板多脏！
Li Ping _________________. Look, _________________________
3.Tom从未看过漫画书。
Tom __________________________________________________.
4.我已经收到Tom好几封信了。
I _____________________________________________________.
5. ---你曾经去过长城吗？ ---是的，我去过。 ---你何时去的？ ---两年前。
--- ______________ you __________________? --- Yes, __________________.
6.吴老师教英语20年了.
Mr. Wu ________________________________________________.
7.你最近收到你父母的来信了吗？
______________________________________________________?
8. ---你们彼此认识多久啦？ ---自从我们来到这所学校。
--- ____________________________________________________?
--- ____________________________________________________.
9.在过去的几年中，我们镇变化很大。政府已经把它变成了一个花园镇。
In the past years, our town _________________________________.
The government _______________________________ a garden town.
10.近来他没有写过任何信给你吗？
_______________________________________________recently?
Integrated skills-Self assenssment语法知识点
borrow和lend
borrow sth from sb 从某人那里借来某物
lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人
return
①表示“返回”= go back
return to sp 回到某处 return sp from sp 从某处回到某处
例句：Your parents hope you will return to China soon.
②表示“归还”=give back
return sth to sb（sp）把某物还给某人（某处）
例：return the magazine to the library 把杂志还给图书馆
exact
①exact,形容词，表示“准确的”。
②exactly，副词，表示“准确地”。
例句：Can you tell me the answer to the question exactly? 你能准确地告诉我那个问题的答案吗？
Can you tell me the exact answer to the question? 你能告诉我那个问题的准确答案吗？
communicate
①communicate with sb 与某人沟通
②communication,不可数名词。have (no) communication with sb 与某人（无）沟通
例句：I advise you to communicate with your parents as much as possible.
Grammar-Self assenssment词组
关于中国历史教我们很多 _______________________teach us a lot about the history of China
听说这部电影 _________________________________hear about the film
更多地了解北京的过去和现在 __________________ learn more about Beijing’s past and present
居住条件 _____________________________________living conditions
乘公交车往来小镇 _____________________________travel to and from the town by bus
从国外回来 ___________________________________return from foreign countries
出国深造 _____________________________________go abroad for further study
上次见到彼此 _________________________________last see each other
读小学 _______________________________________be at primary school
彼此保持联系 _________________________________keep in touch with each other
主要靠电子邮件沟通 ___________________________mainly communicate by e-mail
使交流简单得多 _______________________________make communication much easier
习惯生活上的变化 _____________________________get used to the changes in life
习惯独自乘公交车上学 ___________________ get used to going to school by bus on one’s own
比之前花更多的时间在作业上 __________________ spend more time on homework than before
又窄又脏的马路 _______________________________narrow and dirty roads
到处都是垃圾 _________________________________there’s rubbish everywhere
两边有许多绿树 _______________________________with many green trees on both sides
在一些开阔的空地上 ___________________________in some large open spaces
在空余时间听收音机 ___________________________listen to the radio in one’s free time
大部分家庭 ___________________________________most off the families/ most families
拥有他们自己的车 _____________________________have their own cars
享受舒服的生活 _______________________________enjoy a comfortable life
Integrated skills-Self assenssment巩固习题
单词拼写
We must try our best to protect our (环境).
When will your brother (返回) from Shanghai?
3. Will you go (到国外) for further study?
4. My father took me to school every day when I was in (小学)school.
5. The doctor said your health was in good (状况).
6. The air in the countryside is much (新鲜)than that in the city.
7. The waste has (污染)the river and killed all the fish.
8. (最近), I have got a letter from my teacher.
9. Modern technologies make (communicate) much faster and easier.
10. Tom gets used to (walk)to school every day.
11. It's uncomfortable to live in the low and (狭窄的) house.
12. We need a large open (空地) to play football.
13. Now many middle school students have their (自己的) mobile phones.
14. I am looking for my new English book (到处).
15. Protecting the (环境) is protecting ourselves.
16. There were two shoe (factory) in our hometown five years ago.
17. These workers' (wife)really enjoyed themselves at the party.
18. The (communicate) becomes much easier with the help of the body language.
19. Life is much (easy) for us now, but we still have to try our best to study hard.
动词适当形式填空
1.Thank you for (write)to me very soon.
2.I am glad to (hear) that you are going on holiday soon.
3. There (be) many changes in Sunshine town so far.
4. I enjoy (chat) with you and my other friends.
5. I (hear) from my cousin recently.
6. My father (not come) back yet. My mother and I are worried about him.
7. Sandy (be) to France many times because her father is working there.
8. The students there (finish) (do) their homework already.
9. Your father (be) here for two hours.
10. — you (finish) your match? —Yes, I .
11. —When you (find) it? —Just now.
12. My mother once (work) in a restaurant. Now she (work) in a factory.
13. It used (be) very noisy.
14. There (be)fresh air and beautiful flowers in this area in the past.
15. The area (change) over the years.
16.Could you tell me how long you (know) him?