2021年外研版英语中考专题复习讲义：特殊句式（含答案）

中考英语复习专题—特殊句式
学员姓名：
年
级：初三
课
时
数：3
辅导科目：英语
学科教师：
讲义审核：
授课主题
初中语法专题の—特殊句式
教学目标
掌握各种特殊句式的考点
教学重难点
There
be结构的重要考点，感叹句how与what的选择
授课日期及时段
教学内容
1.
Mo
Yan
won
the
Nobel
Prize
for
Literature
last
year.
________
excellent
he
is!【2013广东】
A.
How
B.
What
C.
What
a
D.
What
an
2.
—Do
you
know
Wang
Feng?
He
can
remember
100
groups
of
numbers
in
five
minutes.【2014广东】
—Yes.
_
___
man
he
is!
A.
What
a
smart
B.
How
smart
C.
What
a
stupid
D.
How
stupid
3.—
So
far,
Su
Binglan
is
the
only
Chinese
who
finished
the
100-meter
race
in
less
than
10
seconds.
【2015广东】
—
______
he
runs!
A.How
slow
B.
How
fast
C.
What
a
slow
D.
What
a
fast
4.—It
is
reported
that
cancer
can
be
controlled
at
a
temperature
lower
than
100℃
below
zero.
【2016广东】
—Really?______
nice
surprise!
A.
How
B.
What
C.
What
a
D.
What
an
5.
—
Aamir
Khan
played
the
part
of
a
great
father
in
the
movie
The
Tale
of
Fatherly
Love.【2017广东】
—
___________
excellent
actor
he
is!
A.
What
B.
What
a
C.
What
an
D.
How
6.
____
smart
the
driverless
car
is!
I
really
want
to
have
one.
【2019广东】
A.
What
B.
What
a
C.
What
an
D.
How
7.“Wow!”she
cried
proudly.“?
??
?high
my
butterfly
flies!”【2020广东】
A.What
B.What
a
C.What
an
D.How
8.Tommy,
______play
basketball
in
the
street
next
time.
You
may
get
hit
by
a
car.【2016广东】
A.
do
B.
don't
C.
must
D.
mustn't
9.
—
Is
there
any
outdoor
learning
in
your
school?【2017广东】
—
___________.
We
learn
outdoors
once
or
twice
every
month.
A.
Yes,
there
is
B.
No,
there
isn’t
C.
Yes,
it
is
D.
No,
it
isn’t
10.
—______
there
any
living
things
on
other
planets
?【2015广东】
—I
have
no
ideas.
Maybe
we
can
know
more
about
that
in
the
future.
A.Is
B.
Are
C.
Has
D.
Have
以上为广东省近8年的特殊句式考题，观察特殊句式的考察方向。
感叹句，there
be提问与回答，祈使句否定
知识梳理
知识点1
感叹句
知识点2
祈使句
知识点3
倒装句
知识点4
There
be句型
专题精讲
知识点1
感叹句
表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句。感叹句分为两种，一种以what引导，一种以how引导。句尾用感叹号“！”。用降调。
1.
what
引导的感叹句
（1）what
+
a/an
+形容词+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
What
a
beautiful
city
it
is!
这是一个多么美丽的城市啊！
What
an
interesting
story
she
told!
她讲了一个多么有趣的故事啊！
（2）what+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
What
expensive
watches
they
are!
它们时多么昂贵的手表啊！
What
terrible
weather
it
is!
这是多么糟糕的天气啊！
【一句话】用What修饰名词！！！
2.
how
引导的感叹句
（1）How+形容词/副词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
How
hot
it
is
today！今天天气多么热啊！
How
hard
he
works!
他工作多么努力啊！
（2）How+陈述句（主语+谓语）
How
he
loves
his
son!
他多爱他的儿子啊！
（3）How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句（主语+谓语）
How
tall
a
tree
it
is!
这是一棵多么高的树啊！
【一句话】用How修饰形容词、副词！！！
3.上述两种感叹句可以互相转换。
What
a
clever
boy
he
is!→How
clever
the
boy
is!
(He
is
a
clever
boy.)→(The
boy
is
clever.)
What
a
hot
day
it
is
today!→How
hot
it
is
today!
(It
is
a
hot
day.)→(It
is
hot.)
【注意】
what和how引导的两种感叹句，在口语中常用简略式，即省略后一部分（陈述句部分）如：
How
cold！多冷啊！
What
heavy
traffic！交通多挤啊！
4.
比较：感叹句和特殊疑问句
感叹句：How
busy
you
are！（陈述句语序）你多么忙啊！
疑问句：How
busy
are
you？（疑问句语序）你有多忙？
这两种句子的根本区别在于：感叹句后面是陈述句语序，而疑问句的语序要颠倒。
【小试牛刀】
一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。
1).________
difficult
homework
we
had
yesterday!?
2).________cute
dog
it
is!
3).________
interesting
the
story
is!
4).________
bad
the
weather
in
England
is!
5).________
honest
boy
Tom
is?！
6).________
tasty
smell
the
cake
gave
off!
7).________
good
time
we
had
on
the
beach
yesterday!
8).________
exciting
news
you've
brought
us!
9).________cool
your
new
car
is!
10).________
scary
these
tigers
are!
二、选择填空。
1.
_______
fast
the
boy
ran!
A.
How?????
?
B.
How
an
C.
What???????
?D.
What
an
2.
_______
well
you
sing
but
_______
badly
he
dances!
A.
How,
how????????????????B.
What,
what
C.
How,
what???????????????D.
What,
how
3.
________
delicious
the
soup
is!
I’d
like
some
more.
A.
How?????
?B.
How
an
C.
What???????
D.
What
an
4.
_______
fools
they
were!
They
believed
what
the
man
said.
A.
How?????
?B.
How
an
C.
What??????
?D.
What
an
5.
_______
foolish
they
were!
They
believed
what
the
man
said.
A.
How??????B.
How
an
C.
What???????D.
What
an
6.
_______
difficult
questions
they
are!
I
can’t
answer
them.
A.
How??????
B.
How
an
C.
What??????
?D.
What
an
7.
I
miss
my
friend
very
much.
_______
I
want
to
see
her!
A.
How??????
?B.
How
an
C.
What???????
?D.
What
an
8.
_______
lovely
weather
we
are
having
these
days!
A.
How??????
?B.
How
an
C.
What????????
?D.
What
an
9.
_______
beautiful
your
new
dress
is!
A.
How??????
B.
How
an
C.
What??????
???D.
What
an
10.
_______
interesting
work
it
is
to
teach
children!
A.
How??????
B.
How
an
C.
What?????????
D.
What
an
答案：一、What，What
a,
How,
How，What
an,
What,
What
a,
What,
How,
How
二、BAACA
CACAC
解题技巧：感叹句巧解：感叹句要看后面，即看形容词后的东东，
1)
若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数，就用what
a/an；是不可数名词或可数名词复数，只用what。
2）若形容词后后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Tom’s等等乱七八糟的东西，想都不用想，直接用how就OK了。如：
知识点2
祈使句
祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号，用降调。
1.
肯定的祈使句
句型：动词原形do+sth.（省略主语）
Be
careful！小心！
Stand
up.起立。
有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do
Do
sit
down.
务必请坐。
Do
study
hard.
一定要努力学习。
2.
否定的祈使句
句型：Don't
+动词原形
do
sth.
Don't
swim
in
the
river.别在河里游泳。
Don't
be
late.别迟到。
Please
don't
be
noisy.请不要大声喧哗。
3.
用客气的语气表示祈使句时，可在句首或句尾加上please，但如果在句尾加please，那在please之前一定要加一个逗号“，”。
Go
this
way，please.
请这边走。
【注意】
（1）表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No+动名词”来表示。
No
smoking.
禁止吸烟。
No
parking.
禁止停车。
（2）Let's包括对方，Let
us不包括对方。反意疑问句时最明显。
Let's
go，shall
we？咱们去吧，怎么样？
Let
us
go，will
you？让我们去吧，行吗？（征求对方的意见）
回答Let's
do
sth的反意疑问句句型时，肯定时用Yes，let's.否定时用No，let's
not.
【小试牛刀】
1.
________
this
rock
music,
please.
I’m
afraid
some
people
can’t
stand
the
noise!
A.
Stopping
B.
Stop
C.
Stops
D.
Stopped
【答案】B
【解析】考查祈使句的用法。祈使句中动词一般用原形，故选B。
2.
Jack,
,
or
you
will
get
heavier.
A.
doesn’t
play
sports
any
more
B.
doesn’t
eat
so
much
meat
C.
don’t
play
sports
any
more
D.
don’t
eat
so
much
meat
【答案】D
【解析】考查祈使句的用法。祈使句中动词一般用原形，否定借用助动词don’t，故A和B排除。根据句意“否则你会变胖”，故选D。
(　A　)3.
________
get
off
the
bus
before
it
stops.
A．Don't
B．Doesn't
C．Didn't
D．Hadn't
知识点3
倒装句
1．副词位于句首时。here,
there,
now,
then等副词置于句首时，谓语动词常用be,
come,
go,
lie,
run。这种倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。如：
Now
comes
a
new
opportunity
,
you
must
seize
it.
Here
he
comes.
他来了。
2．only在句首强调状语。如：
Only
then
did
he
realize
that
he
was
wrong.到那时他才意识到他错了。
3．not
only位于句首时,引导的句子用部分倒装。
Not
only
does
he
like
football
,
but
he
is
also
fond
of
chess他不但喜欢足球还喜欢象棋。
4．not
until位于句首时,主句用部分倒装
Not
until
midnight
did
his
father
come
back.
直到半夜他的父亲才回来
5．以否定词开头作部分倒装，如
Not
only…but
also
Not
only
did
he
refuse
the
gift,
he
also
severely
criticized
the
sender.
6．以so/neither/nor开头的句子。此句型说明前面的内容也适用于后者，用倒装句“so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”。如：
John
can't
swim,
neither
can
I.
【注意区分】“so/neither/nor＋主语＋be/助动词/情态动词”表示“确实如此”，用于强调或同意。
【小试牛刀】
(　D　)1.
—Peter
doesn't
know
many
people
here.—________.
A．So
do
I
B．So
am
I
C．Neither
am
I
D．Neither
do
I
知识点4
there
be句型
1.
就近原则
There
be结构的主语是be动词后面的名词，当主语是并列的几个名词时，be的单复数应当和它最近的名词的数保持一致.
2.
there
be
与
have
/has的区别
there
be强调某地存在某物
have
/has强调某人拥有某物
eg：There
is
a
new
bike,
but
I
have
no
enough
money
to
buy
it.
3.
there
be的时态结构
【注意】There
be
+名词+dong句型
“有..正在做..”
例如：
There
are
some
boys
playing
football.
4.
there
be的句型转变
（1）否定句
There
isn’t/aren’t...
There
wasn’t/weren’t
...
There
isn’t
going
to
/won’t
+be
There
+情态动词+not+be
...
（2）一般疑问句
Is/are
there...
Was/were
there
...
Is
going
to
/will
be
there
...
情态动词+
there
be...
【小试牛刀】
1.There
________
some
apples
and
an
orange
on
the
plate；you
can
take
any
of
them.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
has
D.
have【解析】选B。
2.There’ll
_______
some
great
music
shows
on
TV
tomorrow
evening.
A.
be
B.
have
C.
has
D.
having【解析】选A。
3.There
are
some
old
men
_________(do)
sports
in
the
park.【解析】doing
【真题1】
－Aamir
Khan
played
the
part
of
a
great
father
in
the
movie
The
Tale
of
Fatherly
Love.
－
excellent
actor
he
is![]
A.
What
　B.
What
a
C.
What
an
D.
How
【解析】感叹句结构:How+adj./
adv.+主语+谓语!What+a/an+adj.+n.+主语+谓语!What
+
adj.+不可数名词/名词复数十主语+谓语!根据excellent
actor可知用What引导感叹句;又excellent以元音音素开头，actor是可数名词，应用an。故选C。
【真题2】－
delicious
food
you
served
us
tonight!
Thank
you
very
much!
－I'm
glad
that
you
enjoyed
it.
A.
How
　　B.
How
a
C.
What
　　D.
What
a
【解析】对名词感叹用What，又food是不可数名词。故选C。
【真题3】
－Have
you
watched
the
boat
races
this
Dragon
Boat
Festival?[]
－Yes.
wonderful
races!
A.
What
an
　B.
What
a
C.
What
　D.
How
【解析】How只感叹形容词或副词，而“形容词十可数名词复数”用What来感叹。故选C。
【真题4】－Did
you
watch
the
TV
show
Running
Man
last
night?
－Yes,
I
did.
exciting
it
was!
　A.
How
　　B.
What
an
C.
What
　　D.
How
an
【解析】要感叹的exciting为形容词，故用How引导。符合感叹句“How+形容词/副词+主语十谓语!”结构。故选A。
【真题５】
important
it
is
for
kids
to
imagine
freely!
A.
What
　　B.
How
C.
How
an
D.
What
an
【解析】感叹部分为important，感叹句中常用How修饰形容词或副词，故选B。
【真题6】
exciting
it
is!
Our
country
put
her
first
homemade　aircraft
carrier(国产航空母舰)in
the
water
on　April
26
in
Dalian.
A.
How
B.
What
C.
How
an
D.
What
an
【解析】本句感叹中心词为形容词exciting
,故用How引导，故选A。
【真题7】
carefully,
please!
Look
at
the
road
sign.
There
is
a
school
ahead.
A.
Drive
B.
To
drive
C.
Driving
【解析】祈使句以行为动词原形开头，故选A。
【真题8
】David,
make
trouble
at
school.
A.
can't
　　　　　　　
B.
don't
　　　　　　　
C.
doesn't
【解析】根据语境知，本句应是一种命令，这是一个祈使句，祈使句是用动词原形开头的，否定句用don't…。故选B。
【真题9】－
late
for
school
again,
Tim!
－Sony,
I
promise
that
I
.
A.
Don't;
won't
B.
Don't
be;
won't
C.
Don't
be;
don't
D.
Don't;
will
【解析】以be动词或行为动词原形开头的祈使句一般是在动词原形的前面加don't构成否定句，下文的意思是“发誓自己不迟到了”。故选B。
【真题10】－It's
very
cold
in
Shenyang
in
winter.－
here.
A.
So
it
is
B.
So
is
it
C.
So
it
does
D.
So
does
it
【解析】“so+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”表示“也……”;“so+主语+助动词/情态动词/be动词”表示“确实如此”，用于强调或同意。结合题意可知选A。
【真题11】－I
don't
like
horror
films.
They're
terrible.
－
.
A.
Either
I
do
B.
Neither
I
do
C.
Either
do
I
D.
Neither
do
I
【解析】承接上文，用neither或nor引导倒装句，表示“也不”。上文助动词用do，下文也用do。故选D。
【真题12】－The
weather
changes
often
in
June.
－
.The
highest
temperature
yesterday
was
320C
but
it's
just
180C
today.
A
.So
it
is
　　　　　　　B
.So
it
does
　　　　　　　　　
C
.So
does
it[来源:Com]
【解析】由空后的“昨天最高温度32℃今天18℃”可知天气的确经常变化，此处表示“赞同”，用“So十主语十助动词”的形式。故选B。
【助记】So的三种句型秀
So助主，So助主
倒装语序跟着so,
表示某某“也同样”，
前后主语不一样。
So主助，So主助，
　正常语序跟着so,“的确如此”“是这样”，前后主语要一样。
　主行so，主行so,
“行so”不变放主后，表示“做了那件事”，代替前面免重复。
注释:1.“so
+(be动词、助动词、情态动词)+主语”，意为“也”，“同样”。表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人(物)，此句为一倒装句。
2.“so+主语+(be动词、助动词、情态动词)”，表示“赞同”，意为“不错、的确、确实。”注意:前后两个句子指的是同一人(物)。
3.“主语+行为动词+so”
,
so在此处为代词，用以代替前面的情况，意为“……是这样做的。”
【真题13】－Is
there
any
outdoor
learning
in
your
school?
－
.　We
learn
outdoors
once
or
twice
every
month.
A.
Yes,
there
is
B.
No,
there
isn't
C.
Yes,
it
is
D.
No,
it
isn't
【解析】根据第一句“Is
there…”可知，回答应是“Yes,
there
is.
/
No,
there
isn't.
”，又由于后文的“We
learn
outdoors
once
or
twice
every
month.”可知，回答应是肯定的。故选A。
【真题14】There
a
basketball
game
between
these
two
grades
in
the
gym
this
afternoon.
A.
will
B.
is
going
to
have
C.
is
going
to
be
D.
will
have
【解析】由this
afternoon可知句子用将来时态。there
be句型的将来时用there
will
be或there
is
going
to
be表示。故选C。
【真题15】Look!
There
a
photo
of
our
English
teacher
in
today's
newspaper!
A.
is
B.
are
C.
have
D.
has
【解析】there
be…表示“有……”，后面的名词a
photo是单数，因此动词用is。故选A。
【真题16】There
a
book
and
four
pens
on
the
desk.
A.
has
B.
is
C.
are
D.
have
【解析】there
be句型有两个并列主语a
book和four
pens,
be动词的单复数形式遵循就近原则，即哪个名词离be动词近，就根据它用单复数，此处a
book离be动词近，故用be动词的单数形式is。故选B。
【真题17】一
is
it
from
your
home
to
your
school?
一It
is
about
10
minutes'
ride.
A.
How
long
B.
How
soon
C.
How
far
D.
How
often
【解析】how
long“多长时间”;how
soon“多久以后”;how
far“多远”;how
often“多久一次”。答语是距离，应用how
far提问，表示“多远”。故选C。
【真题18】一Is
the
mobile
phone
new
or
old?
一
.
I
bought
it
only
two
days
ago.
A.
It's
old
B.
It's
new[]
C.
Yes,
it
is
D.
No,
it
isn't
【解析】根据问句中的Is和or可知为选择疑问句，不能用Yes或No来回答，故排除C,D两项;结合答语中only
two
days
ago可知手机是新的。故选B。
【真题19】一Don't
you
go
to
school
by
bike?
一
.
I
walk
to
school
every
day.
A.
Yes,
I
don't
B.
No,
I
do
C.
Yes,
I
do
D.
No,
I
don't
【解析】考查否定的一般疑问句的回答。事实上是肯定的，用Yes回答;事实上是否定的，用No回答。根据答语可知，我不是骑自行车上学，而是步行。故选D。
【真题20】－
will
you
ask
for
help
when
you
are
in
trouble?
一My
parents，I
think.
A.
Who
B.
What
C
.Where
D.
When
【解析】由答句中的My
parents可知用Who提问，故选A。
1.
一Have
you
heard
that
Lin
Tao
saved
his
neighbour
from
a
big
fire
last
night?
－Yes.
brave
young
man
he
is!
A.
How
B.
How
a
C.
What
D.
What
a
2.
fine
weather
it
is!
Let's
go
on
a
picnic!
A.
What
a
B.
What
C.
How
D.
How
a
3.
－
bad
news!　We
didn't
win
the
15th
Sudirman
Cup.[]－It's
a
pity.
A.
What
　　B.
What
a
C.
How
　　　D.
How
a
4.
wonderful
the
speech
is!
A.
How
　　　B.
What
C.
What
a
　　　D.
What
an
5.
amazing
concert
Li
Yundi
gave
in
Linyi!
A.
How
an
B.
How
C.
What
an
D.
What
6.
－
exciting
the
speech
about
"Belt
and
Road"
was!
－Of
course!
It
was
a
really
great
inspiration
to
the
world.
A.
How
B.
What
C.
How
a
D.
What
an
7.
－Ma
Long
won
the
men's
singles
final
match
at
the
2017
World
Table
Tennis
Championships.
－
exciting
news
it
is!
A.
What
　　B.
What
a‘
C.
What
an
　　D.
How
8.
－
excellent
work
you
have
done!－It'
s
very
kind
of
you
to
say
so.
A.
What
B.
How
C.
What
a
D.
How
a
9.
wonderful
The
Reader
is!
Many
people
enjoy
this
TV
program.
A.
How
B.
How
a
C.
What
D.
What
a
10.
－People
choose
highspeed
train
or
self-driving
to
travel
on
holidays.
－
fast
the
traditional
travel
ways
change!
A.
What
a
B.
How
C.
What
D.
How
a
11.
Boys
and
girls
,
learning
and
have
fun.
A.
keep
B.
to
keep
C.
keeping
D.
kept
12.
一Excuse
me,
but
can
you
tell
me
where
the
nearest
bank
is?
一Just
going
for
two
more
blocks
and
you'll
see
it.
A.
keep
B.
to
keep
C.
keeping
D.
keeps
13.
for
me
at
the
bus
station
across
from
the
post
office.
I
can
find
you
easily.
A.
Wait
B.
To
wait
C.
Waiting
D.
Waits
14.
一Sandy
likes
English
best.
She
reads
the
text
every
day.
A.
So
does
Jim
B.
So
Jim
does
C.
So
Jim
is
D.
So
is
Jim
15.I
have
never
been
to
Beijing
for
the
summer
holidays,
and
he.
A.
so
has
B.
neither
has
C.
so
have
D.
neither
have
16.
一What'
s
in
the
picture?
一There
a
teacher
and
some
students
playing
games
on
the
playground.
A.
is
B.
are
C.
has
D.
have
17.
There
an
amusement
park
near
my
home.
I
often
see
children
play
there.
A.
am
B.
is
C.
are
D.
be
18.
There
a
basketball
match
in
our
school
this
afternoon.
A.
will
have
B.
will
be
C.
is
going
to
have
19.
There
a
basketball
game
between
these
two
grades
in
the
gym
this
afternoon.
A.
will
B.
is
going
to
have
C.
is
going
to
be
D.
will
have
20.
一
exciting
news
it
is!
Disneyland
in
Shanghai
has
opened
to
the
public!
一
.
We
plan
to
go
there
this
summer
holiday.
A.
What
an;
So
is
it
B.
What;
So
it
is
C.
How;
So
it
is
D.
How;
So
is
it
参考答案1-10
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11-20
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