2021年外研版英语中考专题复习讲义：冠词（含答案）

中考英语复习专题—冠词
学员姓名： 年 级：初三 课 时 数：3 辅导科目：英语 学科教师： 讲义审核：
授课主题 初中语法专题の冠词—小小帽子怎么戴？
教学目标 熟记不定冠词、定冠词及零冠词的用法
教学重难点 熟记不定冠词、定冠词及零冠词的用法；正确使用冠词。
授课日期及时段
教学内容
1. —What do you want to be in the future, Lucy?【2013广东】
—I want to be __ _ __ pilot. It is ___ __exciting job.
A. a; a B. a; an C. a; the D. the; an
2. Eric is not going to Nanjing by__ __ plane. Instead, he is taking _ ___train.【2014广东】
A. /; a B. a; / C. a; the D. the; a
3.—Do you like _____ movie Big Hero 6? 【2015广东】
—Yes, it is _____ interesting film. I like it very much.
A.a an B.the an C.a the D.the a
4.Brazil, ______country in South America, will hold 31th Olympic Games in the August, 2016.【2016广东】
A. a; a
B. a; the
C. the; a
D. the ; the
5. I went to __________ supermarket to buy ___________ birthday gift for my aunt yesterday.【2017广东】
A. an, a B. a, a C. the, / D. /, the
6．____ new study says that going to___bed late is harmful to our health．【2018广东】
A．/，?/ ???B．A，?/ ???C．A，the ???D．The，?the
7. ____ Great Wall is one of the seven wonders around the world. 【2019广东】
A. The B. A C. An D. /
8. Judie’s dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite. ... The next morning, they took? ____ ?kite to the park and tested it. 【2020广东】
A.a
B.an
C.the
D.\
以上为广东省近8年的冠词考题，观察冠词的考察方向。
泛指、语境特指、常见短语表达（乘坐交通工具）、专有名词（the Great Wall）
专题精讲
冠词的定义
冠词分为：不定冠词（a、an）表泛指、定冠词（the）表特指。
冠词：通常置于名词前，若名词前有形容词修饰时，冠词应放在形容词之前，不能单独使用。如：
　The new book is worth reading.这本新书值得读一读。
It’s such a long way from here.离这里有一段很长的路。
冠词的用法
冠词的泛指、特指
1、泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定意义的人或事物。也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物。
2、不定冠词可直接修饰可数名词，间接修饰不可数名词，其意思为“一个”。定冠词既可直接修饰可数名词，也可直接修饰不可数名词，往往表特指，其意思相当于“这个”。单数可数名词只要不用在抽象化的语境中，一定要加冠词（或者加不定冠词，或者加定冠词）。
冠词的泛指、特指用法归纳如下：
单数可数名词一定要用冠词
a
泛指
单一，每一，仁义事物
指类别
the
特指
上文提到过的事物
被限制性修饰语所限定的事物
说话双方所默认的事物
世界上独一无二的事物
指类别
复数可数名词/不可数名词
the
（特指）
上文提到过的事物
被限制性修饰语所限定的事物
说话双方所默认的事物
零冠词
泛指的一些事物
指类别
在通常情况下，物质名词和抽象名词在表示一般概念(即泛指)时，不用冠词(即使有描绘性定语修饰也不用冠词)。但是如果物质名词和抽象名词不是表示一般概念，而是表示某一特定内容（尤其是有一限定性定语修饰）时，或当它们表示“一种”、“一场”、“一份”等意思时，则可以加冠词。
【对点练习】
(1) I like to eat ________fish，but ________fish I ate last night made me sick.
A. the; the　　　　B. \; \　　　　 C. the; \　　　　 D. \; the
(2) ________ air is necessary to life，but ________ air around here is not fresh.
A. the; the　　　　B. \; \　　　　 C. the; \ 　　　　D. \; the
(3) -Do you like to listen to _________ music?
-It all depends. In fact I only like ________ music by Mozart.
A. the; the　　　　B. \; \ 　　　　C. the; \　　　　 D. \; the
(4) -He has no sense of ________ humour.
-No，you didn’t catch ________ humour in his remark.
A. the; the　　　　B. \; \ 　　　　C. the; \ 　　　　D. \; the
(5) The teacher said ________snow is white，but ________ snow on the road is red. Why?
A. the; the　　　　B. \; \ 　　　　C. the; \ 　　　　D. \; the
答案：1. D 2. D 3. D 4. D 5.D
不定冠词 a / an的区别
a ：用在辅音音素开头的词前
an：用在元音音素开头的词前，“元音”指的是元音发音而不是元音字母
1） a, e, i, o, u为首字母构成单词时，u发[ju:]时+a, 其余情况均+an
如：a useful book 与 an umbrella
[ju] 元音音标 还是 辅音 音标呢？
a one-window hall
[w]
2） 首字母h不发音，首个发音字母为元音，故+an
hour（n. 小时） / honest（adj. 诚实的） / honour=honor（n. 荣誉）
如：He is an honest boy.
26个字母，“Oh, Mr. Len is a fox.”该句子中包含的所有字母，以单个出现时，用an。
如：There is ___________“s”in the word of “son”.
【对点练习】
1．There is _______ umbrella behind the door.
A． a B． an C． the D． 不填
2．France is European country while Thailand is Asian country.
A． an,an B． an,a C． a,a D． a,an
3．I had egg and some milk for breakfast this morning.
A． a B． an C． the D． /
答案：1. B 2. D 3. B
不定冠词具体用法
用法
例句
备注
1. 用于单数可数名词前，泛指某一类人或事物，表定义，不译
A bird can fly.鸟会飞。
了解一下就ok了
2.用于单数可数名词前，表示某类人或物中的任意一个。常译为“一”。
Mr. Smith is an engineer. 史密斯先生是一位工程师。
单选中考，经常考职业
3. 第一次提及某人某物
There is a tree in front of my house.
结合特指the在单选中考
短文填空中考
4. 用在事物的"单位"前,如时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前,表示 "每一"
He often goes to school six times a week.
six kilometers?an?hour
two classes a week
twice a month
单选中考，所以要注意是否有时间, 速度, 价格等关键字眼
5. 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人何物，泛指
A boy is waiting for you.
写句子时若有名词需注意
6. 序数词强调顺序时一般用the。但有时用“a(n)+序数词”结构，表示在原来的基础上增加，意思为“又，还，再”
Can you give a third apple？
Can you give a third chance?
（常考难点）单选中考，所以要注意与the+序数词区分
7.表示数量，译为“一”
Rome was not built in a day.
了解一下就ok了
【对点练习】
1．I believe that_________apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A． a B． an C． the D． /
2．—What _________useful advice you’ve offered me! Thanks a lot!
—My pleasure. And I hope you can have _________ third try if necessary.
A． /; a B． a; an C． a; a D． an; /
3．-- Do you like the movie Amazing China? It's ________ educational movie.
-- Yes. I like it very much and I am very proud ______ our country.
A． a; in B． the; in C． a: of D． an; of
4．There are a lot of on the grassland. sheepdog is sitting next to them.
A． sheep; The B． sheep; A C． sheeps; The D． sheeps; A
5．The man is driving at 40 kilometres _______ hour.
A． a B． an C． the D． /
答案：1. B 2. A 3. D 4. B 5.B
定冠词the用法
用法
例句
备注
1.特指某人或某物
Show me the photo of the boy.
单选中考，需要根据句意得知，一般有后置定语
2.指上文提到过的人或物
He lives on a farm. The farm is not big.
写句子时需注意
3.用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物.
Please close?the?door.
Take the medicine.
单选中考，需要根据语境得知，一般为请求、命令
4.the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物
The horse is a useful animal.
A horse is a useful animal.
了解一下就ok
5.the + adj.：表示一类人
the poor/ young/ rich/ old
the sick 病人the blind 盲人
需知道，阅读可能会遇到
6.西洋乐器前（搞音乐的人“衣冠整齐”）
play the piano/ guitar
play Erhu/ Pipa/Guzheng
单选中考，注意与搞运动的人”衣冠不齐”区分
7.指世界上独一无二的事物.
the sun the earth
the sky the world
会考，但不常考，因为简单
8.序数词和形容词最高级前
July is the seventh month of the year.
You’re the youngest in the class.
常考点，做题要快速找关键字眼
9.用在姓氏复数前，表示 “全家人”或“夫妇俩”
the Greens 格林一家人
短文填空有考过
10.用于逢十的数词（年龄、年代、朝代）前。
The war broke out in the 60s.战争爆发于60年代。
需知道，阅读可能会遇到
由两个以上普通名词构成专有名词前
12.在江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、海湾、沙漠等专有名词前（政党定江山）
PS: 海岛 山峰 湖泊 等名称前一般不用the.
Taiwan Island台湾岛
Mount Jolmo Lungma 珠穆朗玛峰
Lake Michigan 密歇根湖
the Yangtse River 长江
the Pacific Ocean 太平洋
the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉
the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠
the English Channel 英吉利海峡
the Great Wall 长城
the Yellow River 黄河
the United States美国 (国全名)
the White House 白宫
情况过多，需记住常见的那些
13.用于方位名词前
in the east/ south/west/north
on the left/right
常考，要当作固定搭配记忆
【对点练习】
1．I spend_______ hour playing _________drums every day.
A． a;the B． an;/ C． an;the
2．—Have you seen the movie Wolf Warriors II?
—Yes. This is educational film and it has become one of most popular films in the world.
A． a; / B． a; the C． an; the D． /; the
3．Tim is ________ eleven-year-old boy. He likes playing ________ basketball.
A． /; a B． an;/ C． an; the D． a; an
4．—Who is ____ girl behind the tree ? —Which one ? The one with ______ umbrella ?
A． a; the B． an; an C． the; a D． the; an
5．—What did you do yesterday?
—We took a trip to Water Park by ____ bus and went for ____ walk around the lake.
A． /; a B． /; / C． the; a D． the; the
6．With___ development of science and technology, China has entered ___ new era(时代）.
A． a； an B． a； the C． the ； a D． the； /
答案：1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5.A 6.C
零冠词用法
用法
例句
备注
国名、地名、人名等专有名词前
China is an old country.
一定要记住
表示季节、月份、日期、星期前
Today is Monday.
表示颜色、语种、三餐、学科、球类运动、棋类游戏等名词前
Today we have math and music.
常考点，要与加定冠词的乐器区分
节日、假日等名词前（传统节日除外：春节、中秋、元宵、端午）
Thanksgiving Day
Children’s Day
(the Spring Festival)
需了解，并且要知道哪些有所有格
表示职务、头衔、称呼的名词
Manager Tu is going to the office.
易错点
街道、广场、公园、车站、机场、桥梁、大学等名称前（城市设施）
Tiananmen Square
Tsinghua University
易错点，特别是大学
名词前有this, that, my, your, some, any等限定词
This is my schoolbag.
写作时需注意
与by连用的交通工具名词前用零冠词。
by plane by bus by boat
by bike on foot
1.与take一类区分开
2.当表示“在某交通工具上”时，有the
【对点练习】
1．Zanco, American tech company, made tiniest phone in the world-the Tiny 11.
A． the; a B． an; / C． /; a D． an; the
2．Tom is________ honest boy and likes playing ________ chess and baseball.
A． an; the B． a; the C． a; / D． an; /
3．Canola flowers(油菜花)have formed ______ beautiful “golden sea” in China. They are attracting thousands of tourists in ______ Xinghua city, Jiangsu Province.
A． a; a B． the; a C． a; / D． a; the
答案：1. D 2. D 3. C
【易错警示】有定冠词和无定冠词短语的区别
无定冠词
中文意思
有定冠词
中文意思
at?table
at?the?table
in?class?
in?the?class
at/in?school
at/in?the?school
by?sea
by?the?sea
in prison
in the prison
in?front?of
in?the?front?of
be in?hospital
be in?the?hospital
by sea
by the sea
in?future
in?the?future
go to bed
go to the bed
【助学理解】
指建筑本身时，用冠词
指它们所具有的作用或功能时，无冠词（表概念）
【知识拓展】
★ 不定冠词可用于某些抽象名词或物质名词前，使其具体化，表示某一次短暂的动作、行为、事件或具体的人。如：
give me a drink（一杯饮料）
have a dream / rest / smoke /look / trip; take a walk / bath; make a decision(一次短暂行动)
He has a great love for sports. 他十分爱好运动。
　 What a surprise you gave me! (surprise具体化成一件惊喜的事)
　 You have been a great help to me. (help在句中意为有帮助的人)
　 It’s a pleasure / an honour / a pity / a joy to… (令人……的事)
　 As a writer, he is a success. (成功的人)
　 What a pity / shame / honour! (多么令人……的事)
【对点练习】
1．Going to ______ high school for one year in Britain was quite ______ exciting experience for me.
A． 不填; an B． a; a C． 不填; 不填 D． the; a
答案：1. A
易混的特殊用法：
① 抽象名词
1.一般无冠词。
We read books for joy. 我们为快乐而读书。
2. 抽象名词具体化，表示“……的人或事”时，则可加a/an。
It is a great joy to read books. 读书真是一大乐事。
特指用the。
Reading is the joy of his life. 阅读是他生活的乐趣。
② 序数词
1.表示顺序时用the。
She chose the third flower. 她选了第三朵花。
表示“再一次”时用a/an。
She saw a third flower. 她又看到了一朵花。（暗指之前已经看到过两朵了）
We’ll have to do it a second time. 我们得重做一次。
【对点练习】
1.The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have ___third one because ___second one is rather too small.
A.a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a
答案：1. C
③ 三餐
1.一般无冠词。
have breakfast 吃早餐
2. 若餐前有形容词修饰，则用a/an。
a good breakfast 美味的早餐
3. 若特指某一餐，则用the。
The breakfast you offered me was really good. 你提供的早餐很美味。
【对点练习】
1．She usually has ___________ egg and some porridge for_______ breakfast.
A． an; the B． an;/ C． a; the D． a; /
2．What good weather!Let's have quick breakfast and then go to the park.
A． 不填;不填 B． 不填;a C． a; a D． a;不填
3．—How was dinner at Mike’s house?
—It was great.Mike’s mum is wonderful cook.
a; the B． the; a C． the; the D． a; an
答案：1. B 2. B 3. B
④ 学校、教堂和监狱等词
1. 指建筑本身时，特指用the，泛指用a/an。
There is a school near my house. The school is so large.
2. 指它们所具有的抽象作用或功能时，无冠词。
When do you go to school? 你什么上学？
（ ）1. ---I like fast food for _____ breakfast.---Me, too. I always have it with ______ cup of coffee.
a; a B. the; a C. /; the D. /; a
（ ）2. We played for _____ hour in the park. It was _____ great fun!
　　　A.a; a B. an; / C.a; / D. /; a
（ ）3. --- Excuse me. Where’s _____ school library?--- This way, please.
　　　A.an B. the C. a D. /
（ ）4. --- Have you seen my book? I can’t find it.--- I saw _____ blue one on the teacher’s desk. Is it yours?
　　　A.the B. a C. / D. an
（ ）5. --- Do you know ______ woman in red?--- Yes, she is a professor of ______ Anshun Collage.
　　　A.the; / B. a; / C. the; an D. the; the
（ ）6. --- Have you ever played _____ football?
　　　 --- Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for _____ while now.
　　　A.the; the B. the; a C. /; a D. /; the
（ ）7. --- How do you go to _____ work?--- I usually take _____ subway.
　　　A./; a B.a; / C. a; a D. the; /
（ ）8.Miss Lee taught me to be _____ honest person. I will never forget _____ words that she said.
　　　A.a; the B. a; / C. an; the D. an; /
（ ）9. Chongqing is one of _____ biggest cities in China. It has _____ long history.
　　　A.a; the B. the; a C. a; a D. the; the
（ ）10. Look! _____ man over there is Lily’s father.
　　　A.An B. A C. The D. One
答案：DBBBA CACBC
【助学记忆】
一、名词前用不用冠词，用哪一个冠词，一般取决于:
①是特指，还是泛指（特指the，不特不the）
②是单数名词，还是复数名词（泛指可单a/an，泛指可复不用冠，泛指不可名不用冠）
二、常见固定搭配：
常见的不定冠词的习惯用语
in a hurry匆忙地 make a choice/decision做选择/决定
have a good time玩得高兴 have a cold 感冒
have a rest休息一下 have a big lunch吃一顿丰盛的午餐
pay a visit to 拜访 take a walk去散步
give sb a hand 帮助某人 take a seat坐下
have a try 尝试一下 after a while 一会儿以后
常见的不定冠词的习惯用语
all the time 一直 at the same time 同时
at the age of 在...岁时 in the end 最后
at the moment 此刻 at the beginning of 在...开始时
by the way 顺便说 at the end of 在...结束时
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the middle of 在...中间 in the past 在过去
with the help of 在...的帮助下 the next year 第二年
广东中考连接
① 单项选择：
（ ）1. —What do you want to be in the future, Lucy?
—I want to be _____ pilot. It is _____exciting job.
A. a; a B. a; an C. a; the D. the; an
（ ）2. Eric is not going to Nanjing by____ plane. Instead, he is taking ____train.
/; a B. a; / C. a; the D. the; a
（ ）3. --Do you like _____ movie Big Hero 6 ?
-- Yes, it is _____ interesting film. I like it very much.
a an B.the an C.a the D.the a
（ ）4. Brazil, _____country in South America, will hold_____31th Olympic Games in the August, 2016.
a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the ; the
（ ）5.I went to _______ supermarket to buy _____ birthday gift for my aunt yesterday.
A. an, a B. a, a C. the, / D. /, the
（ ）6．____ new study says that going to___bed late is harmful to our health．
A．/，?/ ???B．A，?/ ???C．A，the ???D．The，?the
（ ）7. ____ Great Wall is one of the seven wonders around the world.
A. The B. A C. An D. /
（ ）8.Judie’s dad agreed that it would be a good idea to make a butterfly kite. ... The next morning, they took? ____ ?kite to the park and tested it.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D.\
② 短文填空：
This festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, one of ____ greatest Chinese poets.
I was such ____ helpful and honest worker that my boss was pleased with me.
Just at the moment, we saw _______ little boy standing alone and crying.
They love one another and live _______ happy life.
When the film group meet _______ Smiths, they find that Mr. Smith, Mrs. Smith and their two sons are so crazy about technology.
答案：1-5 the/a/a/a/the