广东省2021年中考英语专题复习 专题一名词 课件（49张PPT）

第二模块　语法专题突破
专题一　名词
考点命题解读
语法考点聚焦
中考真题再现
中考模拟提升
考点命题解读
广东省卷近5年中考统计(●单项填空　※语法选择　◆完形填空　★短文填空)
考　点
2016年
2017年
2018年
2019年
2020年
1.可数名词及其单复数
◆success　★feet
★changes　★library
◆birds　★all kinds of
◆purpose
◆secret
★animals
◆decision
◆change　◆decision
◆look　
★idea
广东省卷近5年中考统计(●单项填空　※语法选择　◆完形填空　★短文填空)
考　点
2016年
2017年
2018年
2019年
2020年
2.不可数名词
●glass
◆research　●weight
●room
◆truth　★life
★money
3.名词所有格
—
—
—
—
—
4.名词辨析
◆
◆
◆
◆
◆
广东省卷近5年中考统计(●单项填空　※语法选择　◆完形填空　★短文填空)
考　点
2016年
2017年
2018年
2019年
2020年
考点命题解析
　　从近5年广东中考的情况来看，名词是完形填空的必考点，也是单项填空和短文填空的高频考点，可数名词及其复数、不可数名词、名词辨析是考查的重点。2021年备考时应掌握好名词的每个考点，对可数名词单复数和不可数名词予以重视。针对此类试题，考生要熟记单词的词义，并结合前后语境来选择正确选项。对于语境辨析类试题，首先掌握各个选项的意思，再根据语境的逻辑关系来确定正确答案。
语法考点聚焦
考点 1
名词的分类 1
专有名词
普通名词
国名、地名、
人名、月份、
节日、团体、
机构等名称
可数名词
不可数名词
个体名词
集体名词
weather，rain，snow，ice，air，gas，food，rice，meat，mutton，drink，tea，paper, music, fun, homework, advice, money，traffic，ink，time，pollution，oil，iron, news，information，wealth，power，honesty, etc.
The United States，
Beijing，the Great
Wall，Teens，February
computer, toy, writer, boy
family, class, team, group, staff, police
1. 规则的名词复数形式：
考点 2
可数名词的单数、复数 1
规则
例词
1
一般情况在词尾加-s
cap-caps, cat-cats, girl-girls, toy-toys
2
以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的名词后加 -es
glass-glasses, fox-foxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
box-boxes, match-matches
规则
例词
3
以-f或-fe结尾的词，变-f和-fe为v再加 -es
leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives
4
以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，变y为i加 -es
party-parties, family-families, story-stories, country-countries
5
以元音字母加-y结尾的名词，加 -s
toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days
规则
例词
注
意
以-o结尾
的单词
需要强记的
hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
一般加-s的
piano-pianos, photo-photos, kilo-kilos
radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
口诀
以-o结尾的名词，有些在词尾加-es，“黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)爱吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)”。
2.不规则的名词复数形式
规则
例词
1
改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese，
tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice
2
单复数相同
Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish
规则
例词
3
一些集体名词总是用作复数
people, the police, staff
4
部分集体名词既可以作单数(整体)也可以作复数(成员)
class, family, crowd, couple, group, team
规则
例词
5
名词作定语时
以 -man或 -woman结尾的改为
men, women
Englishmen, Frenchmen, Frenchwomen
将主体名词变为复数
boy friends, girl students, shoe shops, banana trees
将两部分变为复数
women singers, men scientists, women doctors, men workers
规则
例词
口诀
表示“某国人”变复数：中日两国不变，英法两国变，其余-s加后面
由man，woman构成的复合名词，两个都要变；其余情况只变后面
3.既可用作可数名词又可用作不可数名词，但词义不同的名词：
名　词
可　数
不可数
名　词
可　数
不可数
wood
树林
木头、木材
experience
经历
经验
room
房间
空间
glass
玻璃杯
玻璃
time
次；倍数
时间
paper
报纸；试卷
纸
life
生活
生命；生存
exercise
锻炼；运动
锻炼；运动
work
作品
工作
chicken
小鸡
鸡肉
4.独具慧眼辨别可数名词单复数及不可数名词
词类
常见修饰词
例子
可数名词单数
a/an, this/that, every, each 或基数词one直接连用
a boy, an apple, this teacher, every coin, one desk
词类
常见修饰词
例子
可数名词复数
some，many，a few, a number of, lots of，several, these/those, plenty of, hundreds of, one of或two以上基数词直接连用
a few pupils, some bottles，a number of animals，one of the best students, five umbrellas
不可数名词
little, a little, much, a lot of, a great deal of, some, any, enough
a little juice, much time, some money
(　　)1.The broken________ may cut into your hand if you touch it. You should be careful.
A．glass B．glasses　　　
C．candle D．candles
A
备考演练点 1
(　　)2.Mickey Mouse is one of the most famous________ in American________.
A．symbol; culture B．symbol; cultures
C．symbols; culture D．symbols; cultures
(　　)3.—Mum, I’ve heard that we can’t eat________ these days. Is it true?
—Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.
A．chicken B．chickens
C．a chicken D．the chicken
C
A
(　　)4.The students of Grade 7 visited Mike’s farm and saw many________ there.
A．bird B．duck
C．sheep D．rabbit
(　　)5.— Do you know about the scientist Tu Youyou?
— Yes, she won the 2015 Nobel Prize in medicine because of her great________.
A．surprise B．achievement
C．education D．satisfaction
C
B
1．名词词尾加’s构成
考点 3
名词的所有格 1
单数名词在末尾加’s
the boy’s father, Jack’s book, April Fool’s Day
复数名词
一般在末尾加’
the twins’ mother, Teachers’ Day
不规则复数名词后加’s
the children’s toys, Women’s Day
以-s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’
Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house
表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末尾均须加’s
Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes
表示共有的所有关系时，在最后一词末尾加’s
Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father
表示“在某人家”“在店铺”，在名词末尾加’s
At the doctor’s, at Li Lei’s
2.’s所有格的用法：
1
表示时间
today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday
2
表示国家城市等地方的名词
the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry
3
表示度量衡及价值
a mile’s journey, five dollars’ apples
3.of所有格的用法：
用于无生命的东西： the foot of the hill(山脚), the title of the text(课文的标题)
4．双重所有格：
a friend of my father’s, several classmates of Tom’s, a friend of mine
需牢记的短语： the key to the gate 门钥匙； the way to the hospital 去医院的路
the answer/key to the question问题的答案； five minutes’ walk 五分钟的路程
(　　)6.— Why are there so much luggage?
—________ are planning to go on vacation.
A．Black’s　　　 B．A Black’s　　
C．The Black’　 D．The Blacks
D
备考演练点 2
(　　)7.(2019 广西)— Are those________ keys, Jack?
— No, they aren’ t. They’ re Uncle________.
A．yours; Sam’ s B．your; Sam
C．your; Sam’ s　 D．yours; Sam
(　　)8.— Who’s the woman under the tree?
— She’s________ aunt.
A．Kelly and Joe B．Kelly’s and Joe
C．Kelly’s and Joe’s D．Kelly and Joe’s
C
D
(　　)9.Upstairs are________ bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But________ are in a mess.
A．Lily’s and Lucy’s; our B．Lily’s and Lucy’s; ours
C．Lily’s and Lucy; ours D．Lily and Lucy’s; our
(　 )10.The________reading room is next to the classroom. It’s only________ walk.
A．student’s; 2 minutes B．students’; 30 minutes’
C．student’s; 2 minutes’ D．students’; 3 minutes’
B
D
※易混淆考点分析
[易错点1]　名词单复数形式的混合考查
注意根据语境判断名词及其单复数形式；注意名词既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的意义区别。
(　　)1.Your best friends will lose their________ in you if you tell their secrets to others.
A．trust B．trusts
C．doubt D．doubts
A
(　　)2.— Young people have different________ for choosing a takeaway.
— So they do. Some of them consider having a takeaway cheaper than eating in a restaurant.
A．reason B．reasons
C．instruction D．instructions
B
(　　)3.You should go out and do more________. Don’t always stay at home, busy doing your________.
A．exercise; exercises B．exercises; exercise
C．exercises; exercises D．exercise; exercise
A
[易错点2]　名词所有格形式的混用
注意不规则名词复数的所有格、共有关系的所有格以及双重所有格的表示方法。
(　　)4.In China, we celebrate________ Day on June 1st,________ Day on September 10th.
A．Children’s; Teachers’ B．Children’; Teachers’　　　
C．Childrens’; Teacher’s D．Children’s; Teacher’s
A
(　　)5.This is________ bedroom. It’s tidy and nice.
A．Lily’s and Lucy’s B．Lily and Lucy’s
C．Lily’s and Lucy D．Lily and Lucy
B
中考真题再现
广东省卷
1．(2020广东)(完形填空)He felt satisfied with himself. However, the　　in the face and fingerprints brought him much trouble… To his surprise, Mrs. Smith was unhappy with his 　　　
　 because she could not bear (忍受) the bad smell of his old feet.
48．A.smile B．change
C．color D．kiss
B　
C　
50．A.interest　　　 B condition
C．decision D．situation
2．(2020广东)(短文填空)They wanted to raise_____ to help their friends. Then she came up with an____.
money
idea
经典再现
(　　)1.(2019湖北咸宁)— Creative morning________ are popular in our school.
— Yes, we dance to fun music, such as the song Calorie (《卡路里》).
A．exams B．exercises
C．examples D．expressions
B
(　　)2.(2020重庆)I don’t know how to make a speech in public. Can you give me some________？
A．water B．money
C．food D．advice
(　　)3.(2020四川凉山)It’s dangerous for us to give too much________ about ourselves on the Internet.
A．messages B．suggestions
C．preparation D．information
D
D
(　　)4.(2020天津)— In China, we use red paper for hongbao because red means good luck.
— That’s interesting. I want to know all the Chinese________.
A．traditions B．sentences
C．notices D．problems
A
(　　)5.(2020江苏泰州)— We have entered a world where robot operations become true with 5G technology.
— Hard to believe! Scientists are full of________ which leads to great changes in our life.
A．attraction B．invention
C．position D．contribution
D
中考模拟提升
A．短文填空基础练
1．(2021原创) The kites in the sky are in different_____. Some are big and some are small.
2．(2021原创) It is one of our school_____ that students should run for half an hour every day.
sizes
rules
3．(2021原创) I hope to receive some useful____________ ______ to help me deal with my problems.
4．(2021原创) Going to the rural area as a volunteer was an enjoyable__________ for me.
5．(2021原创) My daughter helps me cook, but she isn’t old enough to be left alone in the_______.
advice/sugg-estions
experience
kitchen
6．(2020山西改编) As you listen, you can write down the key information such as names and numbers. The_____ will help you understand and remember what you hear.
7．(2021原创) Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Kungfu, which is an important part of Chinese_______.
8．(2020黑龙江改编) As the “mother river of China”， the Yellow River is the______ of the spirit of the Chinese people.
notes
culture
symbol
9．(2021原创) Parents are supposed to give their children more personal_____ so that they can get on well with each other.
10．(2021原创) A life without a dream is like a bird without_____，which can’t fly.
space
wings
B．语法选择专练(原创)
Since I am in Grade Nine, time flies fast！I don’t want to say goodbye to my friends. Julie is one of my best 1 . She is 2 and good at studying. When I have problems with my lessons, she will help me out. With her help, I make great progress 3 my lessons. I still remember how she helped me with my English patiently. Julie has a twin sister called Lily. They go to school on foot together. It is about 4 walk. They both like collecting 5 . Me, too.
We often share them with each other. Sometimes, we surf the Internet to get more on how to get 6 latest stamps. We hold the same 7 that collecting stamps is meaningful because each stamp spreads a kind of special 8 which makes us fall in love with it. Three fourths of my stamps 9 from my pen pals. Now it is time to say goodbye to all my classmates and teachers. At this time, I think it is a good idea to say “thanks” to those who care about us and accompany with us. I hope all the students in Grade Nine can follow 10 advice.
(　　)1.A.friend　　　 B．friendly　　　
C．friends　　　 D．friendship
(　　)2.A.help B．helpful
C．helps D．helpless
(　　)3.A.in B．on
C．for D．to
C
B
A
(　　)4.A.ten minutes B．ten minute
C．ten-minutes D．ten minutes’
(　　)5.A.stamped B．stamp
C．stamps D．stamp’s
(　　)6.A.the B．an
C．a D．/
(　　)7.A.pointed B．pointing
C．point D．pointless
D
C
A
C
(　　)8.A.cultural B．culture
C．cultured D．cultivated
(　　)9.A.is B．are
C．was D．were
(　　)10.A.mine B．myself
C．me D．my
B
B
D