中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第15讲
阅读指导（一）
知识梳理
阅读技巧
一、加强按意群阅读的训练
按意群阅读是一种科学的阅读方法。它首先要求把所读的句子尽可能分成意义较完整的组群，目光要尽可能少地停顿。
试比较：（1）I
/
usually
/
go
/
to
/
school
/
by
/
bike.（目光停顿7次），
（2）I
usually
/
go
to
school
/
by
bike.（目光停3次）。
其中，（1）为逐词读，（2）
为按意群读。具体说来，读的时候不要把目光停在某一个词上，而应该用两眼余光看这个词两侧的词，眼睛不要盯在字行上，要高一些，这样，映入眼帘的便是词组而不是单个的词；读的时候要少眨眼、不摆头，只要眼球来回转动就可以了；保持坐姿端正，书本应放到眼睛正前方，眼睛与书本距离大约一尺为
宜，这样才能保证同一适当距离、同一视角范围内尽可能多地摄入文字信息，正确的读书写字姿势，如下图：关键在于它既不是默读（心读）更不是朗读，而是通过目光在外语与大脑之间建立直接的联系，即外语思维。这是一个简捷快速的过程，非经过大量阅读训练的妙手岂能偶而得之？
二、我们在平常可以试试以下两个方法：
1.
快速朗读已经熟悉的课文等文字材料（最好朗读到能够熟练背诵的程度）。通过这种练习，对什么是意群，怎样区分意群，如何把注意力放在一个意群的中心词上，逐步就会有所实际地感受。
2.把课文或阅读过的材料按意群分行抄写下来，再用目光扫读，使眼睛习惯于一扫一段。
随着阅读的深入，要学会根据自己的阅读目的、阅读内容和文体调整阅读速度，并利用头脑中已有的相关知识，借助尽可能少的文字信息进行选
择、推测和推理，必要时还能跳出文段客观地判断作者意图。跳读和略读的关键是要抓住文章的开头和结尾以及各段的关键词和主题句。主题句可能在各段开头也可能出现在结尾。
三、培养语言预测能力
所谓语言预测，就是根据词语的搭配习惯以及语法知识（词法和句法），凭借上文，猜测出下文可能出现的内容，达到“未睹先知”的目的。例如，利用词法的搭配习惯，在读到I
go
to
school
by
...
时，我们就能猜到下文要出现一个交通工具的单词；利用句法知识，在我们读到Thank
you
for
...
时，我们就可以预知下文会出现一个动名词，这样就有助于我们在整体理解全句。熟悉和体验词语的搭配关系也是预测能力的体现。例如读到He
likes
listening
...
时，就知道下面一定跟一个介词to的结构；读到Little
Water
Drop
goes
higher
and
...
时也会知道下面要跟的肯定是一个比较级的形式。
眼未到心先知，眼再到时得到证实一闪而过就行了，这样读起来，自然就会快多了。
四、避免翻译
在开始的时候，逐句翻译成中文来心译理解是难以避免的一个现象。但如果总要依赖翻译，养成习惯了，势必影响到阅读速度。当然用英文直接思维，这不是一下子就可以完全做到的，但可以循序渐进，例如我们学了apple这个单词，我们在文章中见到它时，并不是按照英语——中文——实物去理解，而是可以直接由英语到实物。
五
跨越生词障碍可以通过猜测词义来解决。
猜测词义的方法有很多，有的时候不靠查字典，的确很难猜出一个词的真正意义，其实这时只要能看出它的词性、在句中的作用，不影响阅读就足够了。例如：Her
friend
Judy
likes
playing
the
violin.
But
Sally
doesn't
play
any
instruments.
She
doesn't
like
music.很明显，instruments没学过，是生词，但并不影响阅读，只需要通过上文中的violin和下文中的music，就能明白。这正如我们小的时候在看长篇小说或大部头的书时，碰到不认识的字词，并不是用查字典的办法去弄清楚它的读音和意思，而是仅仅揣摩一下它的含义，不求甚解。生词问题解决了，就为以后的阅读铺平了道路。
教学重难点
1
让学生初步掌握阅读的技巧，提高阅读速度和对文章的整体理解能力
2
帮助学生慢慢克服阅读的障碍
特色讲解
Long,long
ago
people
made
the
first
lightening(闪电).But
they
had
to
keep
the
fire
burning,for
they
couldn't
start
it
again
if
there
was
no
lighting.Later,they
found
out
hitting
two
pieces
of
stone
together
could
make
a
spark(火花).The
spark
could
fire
dry
leaves.In
this
way
they
could
make
the
fire
again
if
it
went
out
.Then
people
also
learned
to
make
a
fire
by
rubbing(摩擦).They
made
a
hole
on
a
piece
of
wood
and
put
a
smaller
stick
into
the
hole.
They
turned
the
stick
again
and
again.After
a
few
minutes
they
got
a
fire.
As
years
went
by,
people
learned
other
way
to
make
a
fire.Sometimes
they
used
the
heat
from
the
sun.They
held
a
piece
of
glass
in
the
right
way
and
made
a
piece
of
paper
on
fire.
About
two
centuries
ago,
people
began
to
make
matches.Matches
brought
people
a
quick
and
easy
way
to
make
fires.Today
matches
are
still
being
used,
but
people
have
more
new
ways
to
make
fires.One
of
them
is
to
use
an
electric
fire
starter.Of
course
an
electric
fire
starter
is
much
more
expensive
then
a
box
of
matches,
But
it
is
very
useful.
1.
From
the
text
we
know
that
a
spark
can________.
A.fire
and
leaves B.burn
anything
C.burn
dry
leaves D.keep
fire
burning
2.
We
can
also
get
a
fire
by__________.
A.making
a
hole
on
a
big
piece
of
wood
B.putting
the
smaller
stick
into
the
hole
C.turning
the
stick
hard
for
a
while
D.all
above
together
3.
Matches
have
been
used
___________.
A.for
about
two
thousand
years
B.for
about
two
hundred
years
C.since
people
began
to
use
fire
for
cooking
D.since
people
used
the
heat
from
the
sun
4.
From
the
text,
we
know
that
_________.
A.electric
fire
starters
are
widely
used
B.people
haven't
used
matches
since
they
had
electric
fire
starters
C.today
there
are
only
two
ways
to
make
fire
D.some
forest
fires
happen
from
lighting
5.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
right
order
of
the
ways
to
make
fires
that
people
got
to
know?
a.with
a
match b.from
the
sun
c.
from
lightening d.by
rubbing
e.
with
an
electric
fire
starter
A.a,b,c,d,c
B.b,c,a,e,d
C.c,d,b,a,e
D.d,a,c,b,e
当堂练习
A
阅读理解：A.选择正确的答案，并把字母编号写在括号里。（15分）
Many
people
don’t
have
the
same
hobbies,
but
they
can
still
be
good
friends.
Li
Yang
and
Wang
Li
are
good
friends.
Li
collects
stamps
and
often
shows
them
to
Wang.
Wang
doesn’t
like
collecting
things.
He
likes
swimming.
Wang
often
asks
Li
to
go
swimming
with
him,
but
Li
always
says
he
is
busy.
Yes,
he
is
always
busy
with
his
stamps.
“
You
should
collect
something,”
Li
often
says
to
Wang.
Wang
likes
playing
the
violin,
but
Li
doesn’t.
Li
likes
playing
the
piano.
They
like
to
help
each
other.
That’s
why
they
are
good
friends.
(
)1、Wang
Li
and
Li
Yang
are
______.
A.
twins
B.
friends
(
)2、Wang
Li
and
Li
Yang
______
the
same
things.
A.
like
B.
likes
(
)3、Wang
Li
likes
_________.
A.
collecting
stamps
B.
swimming
(
)4、Li
Yang
doesn’t
like
______.
A.
playing
the
violin
B.
playing
the
piano
(
)5、Li
Yang
and
Wang
Li
____have
the
same
hobbies.
A.
doesn’t
B.
don’t
B
B.
阅读，判断下列句子与短文内容是否一致，对的
打“
√
”，错的打
“
×”。
Li
Qing
and
Li
Ping
are
twins.
They’re
thirteen.
They
live
with
their
uncle
and
aunt
in
Guangzhou.
Their
uncle
has
a
son.
His
name
is
Li
Hai.
Li
Qing,
Li
Ping
and
Li
Hai
study
at
Yucai
Primary
School,
but
they’re
not
in
the
same
class.
Li
Hai’s
parents
are
teachers.
They
teach
Chinese
at
Yucai
Primary
School.They
work
hard.
All
their
students
like
them.
The
three
children
go
to
school
together.
They
eat
their
lunch
at
the
school
canteen.
After
school,
they
often
play
ping-pong
together.
(
)
1.
Li
Qing
and
Li
Ping
are
brothers.
(
)
2.
Li
Qing
and
Li
Ping
are
Li
Hai’s
cousins.
(
)
3.
Li
Qing,
Li
Ping
and
Li
Hai
are
classmates.
(
)
4.
Li
Hai’s
parents
work
at
the
same
school.
(
)
5.
Li
Hai,
Li
Qing
and
Li
Ping
have
lunch
at
school.
C
My
father
is
tall
and
has
short,
gray
hair.
He
wears
glasses
with
heavy,
,
black
frames.
But
I
just
saw
a
picture
of
him
from
1968.
What
a
surprise!
In
the
picture,
he’s
15
years
old.
He’s
short
and
he
has
glasses
with
small,
round
frames.
He
has
long,
yellow
hair
and
it’s
really
straight.
He’s
wearing
blue
jeans
and
a
T-shirt
with
the
word
“Love”.
I’m
15
years
old
now.
I’m
average
height
and
I
have
short
hair.
My
hair
isn’t
yellow,
it’s
blue.
My
dad
thinks
it’s
strange,
but
my
friends
think
it’s
great.
I
wear
glasses,
but
my
glasses
have
bright
red
frames.
They’re
so
cool!
I
have
an
earring
in
one
ear,
too.
Dad
really
can’t
understand
that,
I
never
wear
blue
jeans.
I
like
big,
baggy
pants
and
long
T-shirts.
Most
of
my
T-shirts
have
pictures
of
my
favorite
rock
bands
on
them.
(
)
1.
What
kind
of
glasses
did
Father
wear
when
he
was
fifteen
years
old?
He
wore
.
glasses
with
heavy,
black
frames
long
and
yellow
glasses
C.
glasses
with
bright
red
frames
D.
glasses
with
small,
round
frames
(
)
2.
What
color
is
my
hair?
It’s
______________.
A.
yellow
B.
blue
C.
gray
D.
red
(
)3.
What
do
I
like
to
wear?
I
like
to
wear
_____________.
blue
jeans
and
a
T-shirt
yellow
jeans
and
a
T-shirt
with
the
word
“love”
big
and
baggy
pants
and
long
T-shirts
blue
jeans
and
an
earring
(
)49.
What’s
on
my
father’s
T-shirt?
A.
The
word
“love”.
B.
Heavy
and
black
frames.
C.
Pictures
of
rock
bands.
D
.
An
earring.
(
)50.
Who
has
an
earring
in
one
ear?
My
dad
does.
B.
I
do.
C.
My
father
does.
D.
My
Friends
do.
当堂检测
先阅读短文，然后回答问题：(5%)
This
is
a
nice
classroom.
You
can
see
some
boys
and
girls
in
it.Do
you
know
the
boy
in
a
black
and
green
shirt?
His
name
is
Mike.
He
sits
beside
the
window.
The
boy
behind
Mike
is
Liu
Tao.
He’s
a
Chinese
boy.
He
likes
stamps.
He
has
many
Chinese
stamps.
The
girl
next
to
him
is
Lucy.
She’s
American.
Her
twin
sister
is
Lily.They
are
in
the
same
row
but
in
different
groups.
Look
at
the
girl
in
a
green
dress.
She
is
Wang
Ying.
She
sits
between
Mike
and
Helen.She’s
Helen’s
good
friend.
1What
colour
is
Mike’s
shirt?
_______________________.
2
Where’s
Lucy?
___________________________.
3Who
are
in
the
same
row?
______________________________.
4
What’s
the
name
of
the
girl’s
in
the
green
dress?
_____________________________________.
5
Who
is
the
nearest
to
the
teacher’s
desk?
______________________________________.
家庭作业
一、
选出下列单词中划线部分读音不同的选项，将其序号填入题前括号内(1×5分)
(
)1.
A.
forget
B.
her
C.
work
D.
nurse
(
)2.
A.
these
B.
father
C.
think
D.
mouths
(
)3.
A.
any
B.
catch
C.
black
D.
stamp
(
)4.
A.
book
B.
good
C.
food
D.
classroom
(
)5.
A.
pens
B.
teachers
C.
apples
D.
cats
二、根据所给中文、英文释义及首字母提示完成句子(1×5分)
6.
How
many
____________
(猴子)
does
the
zoo
have
?
7.
He
listens
to
the
teacher
as
___________(仔细)
as
his
cousin.
8.
The
old
man
lived
in
a
__________(not
quiet)
street,
so
he
couldn’t
sleep
well
every
day.
9.
W___________
(the
fourth
day
in
a
week)
is
my
busiest
day.
10.
My
ideal
school
starts
at
9:00
a.m.
and
f_________
at
3:00
p.m..
三.
根据句意写出所给单词的正确形式。(1×5分)
11、Look!
One
of
the
children
__________(swim)in
the
lake.
12、Lily
is
much
__________(health)
than
her
sister.
13、They
_________(fly)
to
the
UK,
didn’t
they
?
14、Is
_________(eat)
too
much
good
or
bad
for
your
body
?
15、Mr.
Lee
_______________
(give)
us
a
talk
on
the
history
of
China
tomorrow,
isn’t
he?
四.
选择最佳答案。(1×10分)
(
)16.---
Could
you
help
me
,
please
?
---
_____________________.
A.
Yes
,
please
.
B.
Yes
,
I
could.
C.
Yes,
I
can.
D.
You’re
welcome
.
(
)17.There
is
_____________sheep
on
the
hill
.
A.
little
B.
a
few
C.
a
little
D.
few
(
)18.There
is
______
“h
”
,
______
“o”，_______“u
”
and
______
“r
”
in
the
word
“hour
”.
A.
an
;
an
;
a
;
an
B.
a;
an;
a;
a
C.
a;
an
;
an;
a
D.
an;
an
;
an
;
an
(
)19.---I
had
a
really
good
weekend
at
my
uncle’s.
---___.
A.
Oh,
that’s
very
nice
of
you.
B.
Congratulations.
C.
It’s
a
pleasure.
D.
Oh,
I’m
glad
to
hear
that.
(
)20.---Can
I
get
you
a
cup
of
tea?
---_____.
A.
That's
very
nice
of
you
B.
With
pleasure
C.
You
can,
please
D.
Thank
you
for
the
tea
(
)21---Does
she
work
here?
---No,
but
these
days
she
_____
here.
A.
helps
B.
help
C.
is
helping
D.
helping
(
)22.
---__________
today!
---Yes.
Shall
we
have
a
picnic
in
the
open
air?
A.
What
fine
weather
is
B.
How
fine
weather
it
is
C.
What
a
fine
weather
it
is
D.
How
fine
the
weather
is
(
)23.
I
_____tired
yesterday,
so
I
________
go
shopping
with
her.
A.
am,
don’t
B.
was,
am
not
C.
was,
didn’t
D.
am,
am
not
(
)24.
---Could
you
get
to
the
park
before
3
o’clock?
---__________.
I’ll
still
be
at
the
meeting
then.
A.
I
think
so
B.
Yes,
I
could
C.
I’m
afraid
not
D.
I’m
afraid
so
(
)
25.
Miss
Gao
is
________teacher.
She
teaches
_____
English.
A.
our,
my
B.
us,
me
C.
us,
our
D.
our,
us
五.
根据明信片内容及26-30的提示语，将英文代号A-E填在相应的横线上(1×5分)
To_____A________
You’re
an
excellent
person.
I
am
sure
your
new
job
will
be
a
great
success.
Best
wishes
from
Mrs
Bell
Dear__B___________
Wish
you
every
success
in
your
exams.
We’ll
be
thinking
of
you.
All
our
love,
Granny
&
Grandpa
Dear___C________
People
like
you
make
the
world
brighter
with
the
special
things
you
do.
Love
from
Andy
To____D______
Hoping
that
good
health
will
soon
be
yours.
With
very
best
wishes
from
everyone
at
Better
Books
To
dear
____E______
Life
is
boring
without
you.
Hurry
back.
Love,
Angela
26_____________________
Simon
is
working
in
another
city
for
four
weeks.
27
__________________
Mary
is
in
hospital.
28
__________________John
has
just
started
a
new
job.
29
__________________Karen
will
start
her
final
exams
next
week.
30
__________________Ann
cleaned
her
friend's
house
when
her
friend
was
on
holiday.
六、完型填空
(1×10分)
“Where
is
the
university?”
This
is
a
question
that
many
visitors
to
Cambridge(剑桥)ask.
But
no
one
can
give
them
a
__(31)__answer,
for
there
is
no
wall
to
be
found
_(32)___
the
university.
The
university
is
the
city.
You
can
find
classroom
buildings,
__(33)__,
museums
and
offices
of
the
university
all
over
the
city.
And
most
of
its
members
are
the
students
and_(34)__
of
the
thirty—one
colleges(学院).
Cambridge
was
already
a_(35)_
town
long
before
the
first
students
and
teachers
arrived
800
years
ago.
It
grew
up
by
the
river
Granta,
and
the
river
was
once
__(36)__
the
Cam.
A__(37)__
was
built
over
the
river
as
early
as
875，so
the
town
got
its
name
“Cambridge”.
In
the
fourteenth
and
fifteenth
centuries
more
and
more
land
was
used
for
college
buildings.
The
town
grew
much
__(38)__
in
the
nineteenth
century
after
the
opening
of
the
railway
in
1845.Cambridge
became
a__(39)__
in
1951
and
now
it
has
a
population
of
over
100,000.
Many
young
students
in
other
countries_(40)_
to
study
at
Cambridge.
(
)31.
A.
true
B.
clear
C.
right
D.
wrong
(
)32.
A.
around
B.
in
C.
near
D.
about
(
)33.
A.
cinemas
B.
libraries
C.
zoos
D.
parks
(
)34.
A.
parents
B.
farmers
C.
teachers
D.
doctors
(
)35.
A.
interesting
B.
old
C.
new
D.
usual
(
)36.
A.
said
B.
called
C.
spoken
D.
talked
(
)37.
A.
bridge
B.
building
C.
station
D.
house
(
)38.
A.
smaller
B.
slower
C.
slowly
D.
faster
(
)39.
A.
city
B.
college
C.
country
D.
village
(
)40.
A.
stop
B.
hate
C.
hope
D.
dislike
七、阅读理解(1×5分)
(A)
No.1
Business
Hours
Mon.toWed.
9:30a.m.—6:00p.m.
Thurs.
9:30a.m.—8:00p.m.
Fri.toSat.
9:30a.m.—6:00p.m.
Sun.
closed
No.3
Opening
Hours
Monday—Saturday
10:00a.m.—5:00
p.m.
Sunday
2:30
p.m.—6:00
p.m.
No.2
Bill’s
Supermarket
O
P
E
N
DAYS
A
WEEK
8:00a.m.
to
8:00p.m.
No.4
Opening
to
the
Public
9:00
a.m.—5:00
p.m.
Monday
to
Friday
(
)
41.
If
you
work
at
No.1,
you
have
to
work
longer
hours
on_____.
A.
Tuesday
B.
Thursday
C.
Saturday
D.
Sunday
(
)
42.
Which
two
are
open
every
day?
A.No.1
and
No.2
B.No.1
and
No.4
C.No.3
and
No.4
D.No.2
and
No.3
(
)
43.
If
four
people
work
for
the
four
different
places,
how
many
of
them
needn’t
go
to
work
on
Sunday
morning?
A.
One.
B.
Two
C.
Three
D.
Four
(
)
44.
No.4
can
probably
be______.
A.
a
government(政府)
office
B.
a
hospital
C.
a
restaurant
D.
a
hotel
(
)
45.
Bill’s
Supermarket
is
open
______
a
day.
A.8
hours
B.12
hours
C.14
hours
D.16
hours
八、阅读下面文章并根据要求回答问题
(1×5分)
The
Arts
Cinema
is
open
7
days
a
week,
showing
lots
of
American
and
foreign
films.
Next
week
it
will
show
an
Australian
film
called“Midnight
Meeting”.
It
is
set
in
Sydney
in
the
1960s.
You
can
see
that
film
from
Monday
to
Thursday.
It
will
be
on
twice
a
day
at
6:30
and
9:10
in
the
evenings.
The
film
lasts
two
hours
and
fifteen
minutes.
Tickets
are
$
4,
but
there
is
a
special
student
ticket
at
$2.60
for
all
the
films.
Please
bring
your
student
card
if
you
want
the
cheaper
ticket.
The
nearest
car
park
to
the
cinema
is
in
Hamlet
Street.
It’s
just
five
minutes’walk
from
the
cinema.
If
you
need
further
information,
phone
8813962
during
office
hours-9
a.m.
to
4:30
p.m.,
Monday
to
Friday.
Answer
each
of
the
following
questions
in
no
more
than
SIX
words.(每题答案不超过6个词)
46
In
which
country
is
the
film
“Midnight
Meeting”
made?
______________________________.
47
When
can
people
see
that
film?
___________________________.
48
How
many
minutes
does
the
film
last?
__________________________________.
49
What’s
the
price
of
a
student
ticket?
__________________________.
50
How
far
is
it
from
the
nearest
park
to
the
cinema?
_________________________________.
九、根据文章内容及首字母提示，完成下面短文(将单词完整地填在下面横线上)(1×10分)
Albert
Einstein
is
one
of
the
greatest
scientists
who
ever
lived.
But
he
couldn’t
find
his
way
home
when
he
went
for
a
w
51
.
He
often
forgot
things.
He
had
other
things
to
think
about.
Science
was
m
52
important
to
him
than
any
other
thing
in
life.
Albert
Einstein
was
born
in
1879
in
Germany.
When
he
was
a
child,
he
learned
things
very
s
53
.
Albert
didn’t
speak
u
54
he
was
three
years
old.
His
parents
were
w
55
about
him.
When
he
was
12,
Albert
began
r
56
math
and
science
books.
He
was
excited
about
the
t
57
he
learned
in
those
books.
He
became
more
and
more
interested
in
math
and
physics.
He
wanted
to
find
the
a
58
to
the
questions
about
the
universe.
When
he
told
people
about
his
ideas,
other
scientists
l
59
at
him
at
first.
But
his
ideas
changed
the
world,
scientists
looked
at
the
universe
in
a
n
60
way.
Because
of
him,
we
have
such
things
as
computers,
televisions,
and
space
travel
today.
51._________52.___________53.____________54.___________55.
______________
56._________57.__________
58.____________59
____________60.
______________
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
第15讲
阅读指导（一）
知识梳理
阅读技巧
一、加强按意群阅读的训练
按意群阅读是一种科学的阅读方法。它首先要求把所读的句子尽可能分成意义较完整的组群，目光要尽可能少地停顿。
试比较：（1）I
/
usually
/
go
/
to
/
school
/
by
/
bike.（目光停顿7次），
（2）I
usually
/
go
to
school
/
by
bike.（目光停3次）。
其中，（1）为逐词读，（2）
为按意群读。具体说来，读的时候不要把目光停在某一个词上，而应该用两眼余光看这个词两侧的词，眼睛不要盯在字行上，要高一些，这样，映入眼帘的便是词组而不是单个的词；读的时候要少眨眼、不摆头，只要眼球来回转动就可以了；保持坐姿端正，书本应放到眼睛正前方，眼睛与书本距离大约一尺为
宜，这样才能保证同一适当距离、同一视角范围内尽可能多地摄入文字信息，正确的读书写字姿势，如下图：关键在于它既不是默读（心读）更不是朗读，而是通过目光在外语与大脑之间建立直接的联系，即外语思维。这是一个简捷快速的过程，非经过大量阅读训练的妙手岂能偶而得之？
二、我们在平常可以试试以下两个方法：
1.
快速朗读已经熟悉的课文等文字材料（最好朗读到能够熟练背诵的程度）。通过这种练习，对什么是意群，怎样区分意群，如何把注意力放在一个意群的中心词上，逐步就会有所实际地感受。
2.把课文或阅读过的材料按意群分行抄写下来，再用目光扫读，使眼睛习惯于一扫一段。
随着阅读的深入，要学会根据自己的阅读目的、阅读内容和文体调整阅读速度，并利用头脑中已有的相关知识，借助尽可能少的文字信息进行选
择、推测和推理，必要时还能跳出文段客观地判断作者意图。跳读和略读的关键是要抓住文章的开头和结尾以及各段的关键词和主题句。主题句可能在各段开头也可能出现在结尾。
三、培养语言预测能力
所谓语言预测，就是根据词语的搭配习惯以及语法知识（词法和句法），凭借上文，猜测出下文可能出现的内容，达到“未睹先知”的目的。例如，利用词法的搭配习惯，在读到I
go
to
school
by
...
时，我们就能猜到下文要出现一个交通工具的单词；利用句法知识，在我们读到Thank
you
for
...
时，我们就可以预知下文会出现一个动名词，这样就有助于我们在整体理解全句。熟悉和体验词语的搭配关系也是预测能力的体现。例如读到He
likes
listening
...
时，就知道下面一定跟一个介词to的结构；读到Little
Water
Drop
goes
higher
and
...
时也会知道下面要跟的肯定是一个比较级的形式。
眼未到心先知，眼再到时得到证实一闪而过就行了，这样读起来，自然就会快多了。
四、避免翻译
在开始的时候，逐句翻译成中文来心译理解是难以避免的一个现象。但如果总要依赖翻译，养成习惯了，势必影响到阅读速度。当然用英文直接思维，这不是一下子就可以完全做到的，但可以循序渐进，例如我们学了apple这个单词，我们在文章中见到它时，并不是按照英语——中文——实物去理解，而是可以直接由英语到实物。
五
跨越生词障碍可以通过猜测词义来解决。
猜测词义的方法有很多，有的时候不靠查字典，的确很难猜出一个词的真正意义，其实这时只要能看出它的词性、在句中的作用，不影响阅读就足够了。例如：Her
friend
Judy
likes
playing
the
violin.
But
Sally
doesn't
play
any
instruments.
She
doesn't
like
music.很明显，instruments没学过，是生词，但并不影响阅读，只需要通过上文中的violin和下文中的music，就能明白。这正如我们小的时候在看长篇小说或大部头的书时，碰到不认识的字词，并不是用查字典的办法去弄清楚它的读音和意思，而是仅仅揣摩一下它的含义，不求甚解。生词问题解决了，就为以后的阅读铺平了道路。
教学重难点
1
让学生初步掌握阅读的技巧，提高阅读速度和对文章的整体理解能力
2
帮助学生慢慢克服阅读的障碍
特色讲解
Long,long
ago
people
made
the
first
lightening(闪电).But
they
had
to
keep
the
fire
burning,for
they
couldn't
start
it
again
if
there
was
no
lighting.Later,they
found
out
hitting
two
pieces
of
stone
together
could
make
a
spark(火花).The
spark
could
fire
dry
leaves.In
this
way
they
could
make
the
fire
again
if
it
went
out
.Then
people
also
learned
to
make
a
fire
by
rubbing(摩擦).They
made
a
hole
on
a
piece
of
wood
and
put
a
smaller
stick
into
the
hole.
They
turned
the
stick
again
and
again.After
a
few
minutes
they
got
a
fire.
As
years
went
by,
people
learned
other
way
to
make
a
fire.Sometimes
they
used
the
heat
from
the
sun.They
held
a
piece
of
glass
in
the
right
way
and
made
a
piece
of
paper
on
fire.
About
two
centuries
ago,
people
began
to
make
matches.Matches
brought
people
a
quick
and
easy
way
to
make
fires.Today
matches
are
still
being
used,
but
people
have
more
new
ways
to
make
fires.One
of
them
is
to
use
an
electric
fire
starter.Of
course
an
electric
fire
starter
is
much
more
expensive
then
a
box
of
matches,
But
it
is
very
useful.
1.
From
the
text
we
know
that
a
spark
can________.
A.fire
and
leaves B.burn
anything
C.burn
dry
leaves D.keep
fire
burning
2.
We
can
also
get
a
fire
by__________.
A.making
a
hole
on
a
big
piece
of
wood
B.putting
the
smaller
stick
into
the
hole
C.turning
the
stick
hard
for
a
while
D.all
above
together
3.
Matches
have
been
used
___________.
A.for
about
two
thousand
years
B.for
about
two
hundred
years
C.since
people
began
to
use
fire
for
cooking
D.since
people
used
the
heat
from
the
sun
4.
From
the
text,
we
know
that
_________.
A.electric
fire
starters
are
widely
used
B.people
haven't
used
matches
since
they
had
electric
fire
starters
C.today
there
are
only
two
ways
to
make
fire
D.some
forest
fires
happen
from
lighting
5.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
right
order
of
the
ways
to
make
fires
that
people
got
to
know?
a.with
a
match b.from
the
sun
c.
from
lightening d.by
rubbing
e.
with
an
electric
fire
starter
A.a,b,c,d,c
B.b,c,a,e,d
C.c,d,b,a,e
D.d,a,c,b,e
答案：C
D
B
A
C
解析：文章主要讲的火的来历，从最初的闪电，到后来的摩擦生电，之后的靠太阳的热能再到之后火柴的出现，到最后的电动火力的出现。
1
从文章看火花可以干什么
本题从第一段第四行可以得到答案。The
spark
could
fire
dry
leaves.
2.
我们还可通过什么方法取得火？第一段最后三行可以看出答案，前三个选项就是通过摩擦好生火的三步。
3.
火柴出现在什么时候本题从第三段第一行About
two
centuries
ago,
people
began
to
make
matches可以得出答案。在这里century非常关键，世纪
1世纪100年
4.
本题可用排除法，从最后一段可以把BC排除，文中并没提到闪电造成的火灾，所以D也不对，只能选A。
5.
本题为综合分析题，把握整体大意进行排序：从最初的闪电，到后来的摩擦生电，之后的靠太阳的热能再到之后火柴的出现，到最后的电动火力的出现。从第一句看出第一种方式就是lighting,所以只能选C。
当堂练习
A
阅读理解：A.选择正确的答案，并把字母编号写在括号里。（15分）
Many
people
don’t
have
the
same
hobbies,
but
they
can
still
be
good
friends.
Li
Yang
and
Wang
Li
are
good
friends.
Li
collects
stamps
and
often
shows
them
to
Wang.
Wang
doesn’t
like
collecting
things.
He
likes
swimming.
Wang
often
asks
Li
to
go
swimming
with
him,
but
Li
always
says
he
is
busy.
Yes,
he
is
always
busy
with
his
stamps.
“
You
should
collect
something,”
Li
often
says
to
Wang.
Wang
likes
playing
the
violin,
but
Li
doesn’t.
Li
likes
playing
the
piano.
They
like
to
help
each
other.
That’s
why
they
are
good
friends.
(
)1、Wang
Li
and
Li
Yang
are
______.
A.
twins
B.
friends
(
)2、Wang
Li
and
Li
Yang
______
the
same
things.
A.
like
B.
likes
(
)3、Wang
Li
likes
_________.
A.
collecting
stamps
B.
swimming
(
)4、Li
Yang
doesn’t
like
______.
A.
playing
the
violin
B.
playing
the
piano
(
)5、Li
Yang
and
Wang
Li
____have
the
same
hobbies.
A.
doesn’t
B.
don’t
答案
A
1
B
2
A
3
A
4
A
5
B
B
B.
阅读，判断下列句子与短文内容是否一致，对的
打“
√
”，错的打
“
×”。
Li
Qing
and
Li
Ping
are
twins.
They’re
thirteen.
They
live
with
their
uncle
and
aunt
in
Guangzhou.
Their
uncle
has
a
son.
His
name
is
Li
Hai.
Li
Qing,
Li
Ping
and
Li
Hai
study
at
Yucai
Primary
School,
but
they’re
not
in
the
same
class.
Li
Hai’s
parents
are
teachers.
They
teach
Chinese
at
Yucai
Primary
School.They
work
hard.
All
their
students
like
them.
The
three
children
go
to
school
together.
They
eat
their
lunch
at
the
school
canteen.
After
school,
they
often
play
ping-pong
together.
(
)
1.
Li
Qing
and
Li
Ping
are
brothers.
(
)
2.
Li
Qing
and
Li
Ping
are
Li
Hai’s
cousins.
(
)
3.
Li
Qing,
Li
Ping
and
Li
Hai
are
classmates.
(
)
4.
Li
Hai’s
parents
work
at
the
same
school.
(
)
5.
Li
Hai,
Li
Qing
and
Li
Ping
have
lunch
at
school.
答案
B
1
×
2
√
3
×
4
√
5
√
C
My
father
is
tall
and
has
short,
gray
hair.
He
wears
glasses
with
heavy,
,
black
frames.
But
I
just
saw
a
picture
of
him
from
1968.
What
a
surprise!
In
the
picture,
he’s
15
years
old.
He’s
short
and
he
has
glasses
with
small,
round
frames.
He
has
long,
yellow
hair
and
it’s
really
straight.
He’s
wearing
blue
jeans
and
a
T-shirt
with
the
word
“Love”.
I’m
15
years
old
now.
I’m
average
height
and
I
have
short
hair.
My
hair
isn’t
yellow,
it’s
blue.
My
dad
thinks
it’s
strange,
but
my
friends
think
it’s
great.
I
wear
glasses,
but
my
glasses
have
bright
red
frames.
They’re
so
cool!
I
have
an
earring
in
one
ear,
too.
Dad
really
can’t
understand
that,
I
never
wear
blue
jeans.
I
like
big,
baggy
pants
and
long
T-shirts.
Most
of
my
T-shirts
have
pictures
of
my
favorite
rock
bands
on
them.
(
)
1.
What
kind
of
glasses
did
Father
wear
when
he
was
fifteen
years
old?
He
wore
.
glasses
with
heavy,
black
frames
long
and
yellow
glasses
C.
glasses
with
bright
red
frames
D.
glasses
with
small,
round
frames
(
)
2.
What
color
is
my
hair?
It’s
______________.
A.
yellow
B.
blue
C.
gray
D.
red
(
)3.
What
do
I
like
to
wear?
I
like
to
wear
_____________.
blue
jeans
and
a
T-shirt
yellow
jeans
and
a
T-shirt
with
the
word
“love”
big
and
baggy
pants
and
long
T-shirts
blue
jeans
and
an
earring
(
)49.
What’s
on
my
father’s
T-shirt?
A.
The
word
“love”.
B.
Heavy
and
black
frames.
C.
Pictures
of
rock
bands.
D
.
An
earring.
(
)50.
Who
has
an
earring
in
one
ear?
My
dad
does.
B.
I
do.
C.
My
father
does.
D.
My
Friends
do.
答案
D
B
C
A
B
当堂检测
先阅读短文，然后回答问题：(5%)
This
is
a
nice
classroom.
You
can
see
some
boys
and
girls
in
it.Do
you
know
the
boy
in
a
black
and
green
shirt?
His
name
is
Mike.
He
sits
beside
the
window.
The
boy
behind
Mike
is
Liu
Tao.
He’s
a
Chinese
boy.
He
likes
stamps.
He
has
many
Chinese
stamps.
The
girl
next
to
him
is
Lucy.
She’s
American.
Her
twin
sister
is
Lily.They
are
in
the
same
row
but
in
different
groups.
Look
at
the
girl
in
a
green
dress.
She
is
Wang
Ying.
She
sits
between
Mike
and
Helen.She’s
Helen’s
good
friend.
1What
colour
is
Mike’s
shirt?
_______________________.
2
Where’s
Lucy?
___________________________.
3Who
are
in
the
same
row?
______________________________.
4
What’s
the
name
of
the
girl’s
in
the
green
dress?
_____________________________________.
5
Who
is
the
nearest
to
the
teacher’s
desk?
______________________________________.
答案
1
Mike’s
shirt
is
black
and
green.
2
Lucy
is
next
to
Liu
Tao.
3
Lucy
and
Lily
are
in
the
same
row.
4
Her
name
is
Wang
Ying.
5
Helen
家庭作业
一、
选出下列单词中划线部分读音不同的选项，将其序号填入题前括号内(1×5分)
(
)1.
A.
forget
B.
her
C.
work
D.
nurse
(
)2.
A.
these
B.
father
C.
think
D.
mouths
(
)3.
A.
any
B.
catch
C.
black
D.
stamp
(
)4.
A.
book
B.
good
C.
food
D.
classroom
(
)5.
A.
pens
B.
teachers
C.
apples
D.
cats
二、根据所给中文、英文释义及首字母提示完成句子(1×5分)
6.
How
many
____________
(猴子)
does
the
zoo
have
?
7.
He
listens
to
the
teacher
as
___________(仔细)
as
his
cousin.
8.
The
old
man
lived
in
a
__________(not
quiet)
street,
so
he
couldn’t
sleep
well
every
day.
9.
W___________
(the
fourth
day
in
a
week)
is
my
busiest
day.
10.
My
ideal
school
starts
at
9:00
a.m.
and
f_________
at
3:00
p.m..
三.
根据句意写出所给单词的正确形式。(1×5分)
11、Look!
One
of
the
children
__________(swim)in
the
lake.
12、Lily
is
much
__________(health)
than
her
sister.
13、They
_________(fly)
to
the
UK,
didn’t
they
?
14、Is
_________(eat)
too
much
good
or
bad
for
your
body
?
15、Mr.
Lee
_______________
(give)
us
a
talk
on
the
history
of
China
tomorrow,
isn’t
he?
四.
选择最佳答案。(1×10分)
(
)16.---
Could
you
help
me
,
please
?
---
_____________________.
A.
Yes
,
please
.
B.
Yes
,
I
could.
C.
Yes,
I
can.
D.
You’re
welcome
.
(
)17.There
is
_____________sheep
on
the
hill
.
A.
little
B.
a
few
C.
a
little
D.
few
(
)18.There
is
______
“h
”
,
______
“o”，_______“u
”
and
______
“r
”
in
the
word
“hour
”.
A.
an
;
an
;
a
;
an
B.
a;
an;
a;
a
C.
a;
an
;
an;
a
D.
an;
an
;
an
;
an
(
)19.---I
had
a
really
good
weekend
at
my
uncle’s.
---___.
A.
Oh,
that’s
very
nice
of
you.
B.
Congratulations.
C.
It’s
a
pleasure.
D.
Oh,
I’m
glad
to
hear
that.
(
)20.---Can
I
get
you
a
cup
of
tea?
---_____.
A.
That's
very
nice
of
you
B.
With
pleasure
C.
You
can,
please
D.
Thank
you
for
the
tea
(
)21---Does
she
work
here?
---No,
but
these
days
she
_____
here.
A.
helps
B.
help
C.
is
helping
D.
helping
(
)22.
---__________
today!
---Yes.
Shall
we
have
a
picnic
in
the
open
air?
A.
What
fine
weather
is
B.
How
fine
weather
it
is
C.
What
a
fine
weather
it
is
D.
How
fine
the
weather
is
(
)23.
I
_____tired
yesterday,
so
I
________
go
shopping
with
her.
A.
am,
don’t
B.
was,
am
not
C.
was,
didn’t
D.
am,
am
not
(
)24.
---Could
you
get
to
the
park
before
3
o’clock?
---__________.
I’ll
still
be
at
the
meeting
then.
A.
I
think
so
B.
Yes,
I
could
C.
I’m
afraid
not
D.
I’m
afraid
so
(
)
25.
Miss
Gao
is
________teacher.
She
teaches
_____
English.
A.
our,
my
B.
us,
me
C.
us,
our
D.
our,
us
五.
根据明信片内容及26-30的提示语，将英文代号A-E填在相应的横线上(1×5分)
To_____A________
You’re
an
excellent
person.
I
am
sure
your
new
job
will
be
a
great
success.
Best
wishes
from
Mrs
Bell
Dear__B___________
Wish
you
every
success
in
your
exams.
We’ll
be
thinking
of
you.
All
our
love,
Granny
&
Grandpa
Dear___C________
People
like
you
make
the
world
brighter
with
the
special
things
you
do.
Love
from
Andy
To____D______
Hoping
that
good
health
will
soon
be
yours.
With
very
best
wishes
from
everyone
at
Better
Books
To
dear
____E______
Life
is
boring
without
you.
Hurry
back.
Love,
Angela
26_____________________
Simon
is
working
in
another
city
for
four
weeks.
27
__________________
Mary
is
in
hospital.
28
__________________John
has
just
started
a
new
job.
29
__________________Karen
will
start
her
final
exams
next
week.
30
__________________Ann
cleaned
her
friend's
house
when
her
friend
was
on
holiday.
六、完型填空
(1×10分)
“Where
is
the
university?”
This
is
a
question
that
many
visitors
to
Cambridge(剑桥)ask.
But
no
one
can
give
them
a
__(31)__answer,
for
there
is
no
wall
to
be
found
_(32)___
the
university.
The
university
is
the
city.
You
can
find
classroom
buildings,
__(33)__,
museums
and
offices
of
the
university
all
over
the
city.
And
most
of
its
members
are
the
students
and_(34)__
of
the
thirty—one
colleges(学院).
Cambridge
was
already
a_(35)_
town
long
before
the
first
students
and
teachers
arrived
800
years
ago.
It
grew
up
by
the
river
Granta,
and
the
river
was
once
__(36)__
the
Cam.
A__(37)__
was
built
over
the
river
as
early
as
875，so
the
town
got
its
name
“Cambridge”.
In
the
fourteenth
and
fifteenth
centuries
more
and
more
land
was
used
for
college
buildings.
The
town
grew
much
__(38)__
in
the
nineteenth
century
after
the
opening
of
the
railway
in
1845.Cambridge
became
a__(39)__
in
1951
and
now
it
has
a
population
of
over
100,000.
Many
young
students
in
other
countries_(40)_
to
study
at
Cambridge.
(
)31.
A.
true
B.
clear
C.
right
D.
wrong
(
)32.
A.
around
B.
in
C.
near
D.
about
(
)33.
A.
cinemas
B.
libraries
C.
zoos
D.
parks
(
)34.
A.
parents
B.
farmers
C.
teachers
D.
doctors
(
)35.
A.
interesting
B.
old
C.
new
D.
usual
(
)36.
A.
said
B.
called
C.
spoken
D.
talked
(
)37.
A.
bridge
B.
building
C.
station
D.
house
(
)38.
A.
smaller
B.
slower
C.
slowly
D.
faster
(
)39.
A.
city
B.
college
C.
country
D.
village
(
)40.
A.
stop
B.
hate
C.
hope
D.
dislike
七、阅读理解(1×5分)
(A)
No.1
Business
Hours
Mon.toWed.
9:30a.m.—6:00p.m.
Thurs.
9:30a.m.—8:00p.m.
Fri.toSat.
9:30a.m.—6:00p.m.
Sun.
closed
No.3
Opening
Hours
Monday—Saturday
10:00a.m.—5:00
p.m.
Sunday
2:30
p.m.—6:00
p.m.
No.2
Bill’s
Supermarket
O
P
E
N
DAYS
A
WEEK
8:00a.m.
to
8:00p.m.
No.4
Opening
to
the
Public
9:00
a.m.—5:00
p.m.
Monday
to
Friday
(
)
41.
If
you
work
at
No.1,
you
have
to
work
longer
hours
on_____.
A.
Tuesday
B.
Thursday
C.
Saturday
D.
Sunday
(
)
42.
Which
two
are
open
every
day?
A.No.1
and
No.2
B.No.1
and
No.4
C.No.3
and
No.4
D.No.2
and
No.3
(
)
43.
If
four
people
work
for
the
four
different
places,
how
many
of
them
needn’t
go
to
work
on
Sunday
morning?
A.
One.
B.
Two
C.
Three
D.
Four
(
)
44.
No.4
can
probably
be______.
A.
a
government(政府)
office
B.
a
hospital
C.
a
restaurant
D.
a
hotel
(
)
45.
Bill’s
Supermarket
is
open
______
a
day.
A.8
hours
B.12
hours
C.14
hours
D.16
hours
八、阅读下面文章并根据要求回答问题
(1×5分)
The
Arts
Cinema
is
open
7
days
a
week,
showing
lots
of
American
and
foreign
films.
Next
week
it
will
show
an
Australian
film
called“Midnight
Meeting”.
It
is
set
in
Sydney
in
the
1960s.
You
can
see
that
film
from
Monday
to
Thursday.
It
will
be
on
twice
a
day
at
6:30
and
9:10
in
the
evenings.
The
film
lasts
two
hours
and
fifteen
minutes.
Tickets
are
$
4,
but
there
is
a
special
student
ticket
at
$2.60
for
all
the
films.
Please
bring
your
student
card
if
you
want
the
cheaper
ticket.
The
nearest
car
park
to
the
cinema
is
in
Hamlet
Street.
It’s
just
five
minutes’walk
from
the
cinema.
If
you
need
further
information,
phone
8813962
during
office
hours-9
a.m.
to
4:30
p.m.,
Monday
to
Friday.
Answer
each
of
the
following
questions
in
no
more
than
SIX
words.(每题答案不超过6个词)
46
In
which
country
is
the
film
“Midnight
Meeting”
made?
______________________________.
47
When
can
people
see
that
film?
___________________________.
48
How
many
minutes
does
the
film
last?
__________________________________.
49
What’s
the
price
of
a
student
ticket?
__________________________.
50
How
far
is
it
from
the
nearest
park
to
the
cinema?
_________________________________.
九、根据文章内容及首字母提示，完成下面短文(将单词完整地填在下面横线上)(1×10分)
Albert
Einstein
is
one
of
the
greatest
scientists
who
ever
lived.
But
he
couldn’t
find
his
way
home
when
he
went
for
a
w
51
.
He
often
forgot
things.
He
had
other
things
to
think
about.
Science
was
m
52
important
to
him
than
any
other
thing
in
life.
Albert
Einstein
was
born
in
1879
in
Germany.
When
he
was
a
child,
he
learned
things
very
s
53
.
Albert
didn’t
speak
u
54
he
was
three
years
old.
His
parents
were
w
55
about
him.
When
he
was
12,
Albert
began
r
56
math
and
science
books.
He
was
excited
about
the
t
57
he
learned
in
those
books.
He
became
more
and
more
interested
in
math
and
physics.
He
wanted
to
find
the
a
58
to
the
questions
about
the
universe.
When
he
told
people
about
his
ideas,
other
scientists
l
59
at
him
at
first.
But
his
ideas
changed
the
world,
scientists
looked
at
the
universe
in
a
n
60
way.
Because
of
him,
we
have
such
things
as
computers,
televisions,
and
space
travel
today.
51._________52.___________53.____________54.___________55.
______________
56._________57.__________
58.____________59
____________60.
______________
答案：
一、1~5
A
C
A
C
D
二、6.
monkeys
7.
carefully
8.
noisy
9.
Wednesday
10.
finishes
三、11.
is
swimming
12.
healthier
13.
flew
14.
eating
15.
is
going
to
give
四、16~20
C
C
A
D
A
21~25
C
D
C
C
D
五、26~30
E
D
A
B
C
六、31~35
B
A
B
C
D
36~40
B
A
D
A
C
七、41~45
B
D
C
A
B
八、46.
Australia
47.
From
Monday
to
Thursday
48.
Two
hours
and
fifteen
minutes
49.
$2.60
50.
Five
minutes'
walk
九、1.
walk
2.
more
3.
slowly
4.
until
5.
worried
6.
reading
7.
things
8.
answers
9.
laughed
10.
new
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
