人教新目标(Go for it)版八年级下册unit1-4重点归纳

八年级下册Unit1-4重点归纳
Unit
1
What’s
the
matter?
一、基础知识
1.
What’
s
the
matter?
怎么啦？出什么事情了？
What’
s
the
matter
with
you?=
What’s
the
trouble
with
you?
=
What’
s
wrong
with
you?
你怎么了？
【注】：
matter
和trouble
为名词，
其前可加the
或形容词性物主代词，wrong
是adj.
不能加the
【用法】用于询问某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻烦、问题其后跟询问对象时，
与介词with连用。即：
What’s
the
matter
with
sb.?
=
What’s
your
trouble?
=
What’s
up?
=
What
happens
to
sb.?
—
What’s
the
matter
with
you
?
—
I
have
a
bad
cold.
2.
I
had
a
cold.我感冒了。
have
a
cold=catch
a
cold=have
the
flu感冒
have
a
fever
发烧
have
a
cough咳嗽
have
a
stomachache胃疼，肚子疼
have
a
toothache牙疼
have
a
headache头疼
3.
身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词
stomach+ache=stomachache
head+ache=headache
tooth+ache=toothache
back+ache=backache后背痛
4.
much
too+
形容词，意为
太......
，too
much+名词，意为
很多，大量
。
5.
enough【形容、副词】足够的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good
enough足够好，enough
money=much
money
6.
lie
down躺下，
lie
躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied
7.
maybe
“或许”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。Maybe
you
are
right.
may
be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He
may
be
angry.
sound
like+名词代词和从句：It
sounds
like
you
don’t
know
the
truth.
It
sounds
like
a
good
idea.
sound+形容词，“听起来，好像”，The
music
sounds
nice.
9.
need
需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；
need
to
do
sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You
need
to
listen
carefully
during
class.
need
doing
sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your
dirty
clothes
need
washing.
10.
get
off
(the
bus)
下（公交车）
get
on
上车
11.
agree
同意，赞同；
agree
with
sth.
同意某事
如：I
agree
with
that
idea.
agree
to
sb.
同意某人的意见
如：I
agree
to
LiLei.
12.
trouble问题，麻烦
；be
in
trouble遇到麻烦，make
trouble
制造麻烦
，have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.
=have
difficulties
(in)
doing
sth做......有麻烦。
13.
right
away=right
now=at
once，意为
马上
。
14.
advice
[不可数名词]劝告，建议，向…征求意见，
give
sb.
advice
on
sth.就某事给某人建议；
advise
[动词]
advise
sb.
to
do
sth.
建议某人做某事
advise
sb.
doing
sth.
【复习】exercise
练习、锻炼
当exercise意为“练习”时，为可数名词
即可加s
当exercise意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词
即不加s
16.
hurt
及物动词，使……疼痛，……受伤，He
hurt
his
leg
while
exercising.
不及物动词，……（部位）疼。
His
leg
hurt
badly.
clean
【动词】打扫，clean
the
classroom打扫教室，【形容词】
干净的
，cleaner意为
清洁工
。
18.
hit
（用手或器具）打；击打
The
boy
hit
the
dog
with
a
stone.
hit
sb.
on
the
head/
nose/
back打某人的头、鼻子、后背，on用在所打较硬的部位；
hit
sb.
in
the
face/
eye/
stomach
打某人的脸、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打较软的部位。
be
used
to
sth./
doing
sth.习惯于、适应了……、做某事，强调状态；His
grandpa
was
used
to
country
life.
Mary
is
not
used
to
getting
up
early
in
the
morning.
get/
become
used
to
sth./
doing
sth.
“变得习惯，逐渐适应……”强调过程、动作：
It’s
difficult
for
one
to
get
used
to
another
country’s
habit.
20.
【复习】free
[形容词]空闲的free
time；免费的the
drink
is
for
free；自由的I
want
to
become
a
free
bird.
free【动词】使……解脱，得到自由：He
could
not
free
his
arm.
run
out用完，用尽
When
his
water
run
out,
he
knew
that
he
would
have
to
do
something
to
save
his
own
life.
物sth.
run
out.
某物用尽了。
人sb.
run
out
of
sth.
人用尽了某物。He
run
out
of
all
his
money
last
night.
22.
risk
(sb.)
to
do
sth.
冒险去做某事
take
a
risk=take
risks
冒险
23.
the
importance
of
(doing)
sth.（做）某事的重要性
We
students
should
know
the
importance
of
(learning)
English.
importance
n.
重要（性），
important
adj.重要的，unimportant
adj.不重要的
decision
【名词】决定；抉择；
make
a
decision
做决定
;
make
a
decision
to
do
sth.=
decide
to
do
sth.
。
二、重点语法
【反身代词】英语中共有八个反身代词，在使用时应注意和它所指的相应的对象在人称、性别、数上保持一致。
数
人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
【用法】
1.
可用作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。
如：Maria
bought
herself
a
scarf.
We
must
look
after
ourselves
very
well.
2.
可用作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
如：
She
isn’t
quite
herself
today.
3.
可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。
如：She
herself
will
fly
to
London
tomorrow.
I
met
the
writer
himself
last
week.
4.
用在某些固定短语当中。
look
after
oneself
/
take
care
of
oneself
照顾自己
teach
oneself
sth./
learn
sth.
by
oneself自学
enjoy
oneself
玩得高兴，过得愉快
help
oneself
to
sth
请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）.
hurt
oneself摔伤自己
say
to
oneself自言自语
leave
sb.
by
oneself把某人单独留下
buy
oneself
sth.给自己买……东西
introduce
oneself
介绍……自己?
Unit
2
I’ll
help
to
clean
up
the
city
parks
1.
sick
生病的，有病的；可在句中作表语Mary
could
not
come
because
she
is
sick.
也可作定语a
sick
child
【区别ill】ill与sick同义；但是只在句中做表语，不做定语。Mary
could
not
come
because
she
is
ill.
2.
cheer
(sb.)
up（让某人）变得高兴；振奋起来The
good
news
cheered
up
everyone
in
our
class.
3.
give
out分发；散发，相当于hand
out，The
teacher
is
giving
out/
handing
out
the
test
papers.
give
sth.
out
to
sb.
意为
把某物分发给某人
。
4.
volunteer
【名词】志愿者
【动词】义务做，自愿做（某事）volunteer
to
do
sth.
自愿做某事
，
The
girls
could
volunteer
in
an
after-school
study
program.
5.
used
to
do
sth.过去/曾经(常)做某事，表示过去的习惯、动作或状态，并强调现在已经不再存在或发生。
There
used
to
be
a
cinema
here.
这里曾有一个照相机。
They
told
me
stories
about
the
past
and
how
things
used
to
be.
他们告诉我关于这里过去的故事。
6.
alone
【形容词】独自一人的，无感彩：The
musician
enjoyed
living
alone
and
writing
songs
himself.
lonely
（感到）孤独寂寞的，带有很强的感彩，可做表语或定语。The
lonely
boy
is
not
lonely
now.
7.
care
for
sb./sth.照顾；照料……
care
【名词】小心，关心take
care
of=look
after
→【动词】care
about
sb./sth.关心，在意某人/事
→【形容词】careful
仔细的
/
careless
粗心的
→【副词】carefully
仔细地
8.
such
“这样的，这种，如此”，用于修饰名词
such+
a/
an+形容词+单数名词：such
a
good
day
多么美好的一天
/such
an
exciting
match
多么
精彩的比赛
such+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词：such
important
decisions
多么重要的建议
such
delicious
food
多么美味的食物
如果名词前被many,
much,
few,
little修饰时，只能用so，而不用such：so
many
sick
children/
so
little
time
9.
try
out
for…参加…选拔，争取成为…Thirty
football
players
tried
out
for
the
Best
Player
of
the
year.
try
out试用，试验
10.
journey
【名词】（尤指长途）旅行，行程；trip【名词】多指短途旅行；
travel【名词、动词】travel
around
the
world
→【名词】traveler旅行者
11.【复习】be
busy
with
sth.
忙于（做）什么事情
be
busy
doing
sth.
忙于（做）什么事情
12.【复习】try
doing
sth.
试着去做某事
try
to
do
sth.
尽力去做某事
try
one’s
best
(to
do
sth.)
尽某人最大的努力去做某事
13.【复习】be
worried
about
sb./
sth.
=
worry
about
sb./
sth.
担心某人、某事
14.
raise
money集资，筹钱；raise
money
for…为……筹钱
raise【动词】举起；提高；募集
15.
keep【动词】keep+名词，保留（某物）；keep+形容词，保持
16.【形容词】broken破损的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聋的；disabled有残疾的，丧失能力的；在句中做定语和表语。
make
it
possible
(for
sb.)
to
do
sth.使（某人）做某事成为可能，
You
helped
to
make
it
possible
for
me
to
have
Lucky.
make
it
+形容词(+for
sb.)
to
do
sth.
使（某人）做某事成为…；
think/find
it
+形容词to
do
sth.
18.
make
a
difference
to…对……有影响；对……有作用，difference前可以用no,
any,
some,
much等修饰，如
The
rain
made
no
difference
to
the
game.
Hard-working
makes
much
difference
to
study.
19.
difficulty【可数/不可数】表示抽象意义的“困难”时为不可数；表示具体的“难题、难事”时为可数；
have
difficulty
(in)
doing
sth.=
have
trouble
(in)
doing
sth.
做某事有困难
20.
train【动词】训练，trained为过去分词，可做定语，意为“受过训练的”a
trained
dog
21.
be
excited
about
sth.
对某事感到兴奋
，Everyone
is
excited
about
the
good
news.
【复习】excited意为
兴奋的，修饰人；exciting意为
令人兴奋/激动的，修饰物。
Unit3
Could
you
please
clean
your
room?
Peter
,could
you
please
take
out
the
trash?
彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？
Could
you
please
do
sth
?请你（做）......好吗？
用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。
Could
不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.
【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./
Of
course./
Certainly./No
problem.
否定回答：
Sorry
,
I
can’t
2、take
out
取出（v+
adv）
【注】:
跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边
His
teeth
hurt
badly.
The
dentist
take
them
out
.
【短语】take
out
the
trash
倒垃圾
take
a
walk
散步
take
away
拿走，取走
take
back
收回
take
place
发生
take
off
脱下；
起飞
3.
Can
you
do
the
dishes.？那你可以洗盘子吗？
do
the
dishes
洗碗
【结构1】do
the
+名词：
do
the
dishes/
laundry
洗餐具/衣服
【结构2】do
the
+动词-ing
do
the
cleaning
打扫卫生
【结构3】do
one’s
+
名词
do
one’s
housework/
homework
做家务/家庭作业
【结构4】do
some
+动词-ing
do
some
reading/
shopping
读写书/购物
Could
I
at
least
finish
watching
this
show?
至少让我看完这个节目可以吗？
1】Could
I
do
a
sth?
我可以做......吗？
用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。
Could
I
go
out
with
my
classmate
this
weekend?
2】at
least
至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反)
at
most
至少，不超过
Now
all
of
us
exercise
at
least
an
hour
a
day
and
outside
school.
3】finish
v
结束；完成
finish
doing
sth
做完某事
—
Can
you
finish
__reading__
these
books
before
10
o'clock?
—
Yes,
I
can.
5、I
think
two
hours
of
TV
is
enough
for
you!
我觉得你看两个小时的电视已经足够了。
1】two
hours
of
TV
表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
How
time
is
flies!
Three
years
__is_____(be)
really
a
short
time.
足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）
【解析2】enough
I
don’t
have
enough
money
with
me.
足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后）The
river
is
deep
enough
for
swimming.
【记】
Mr.
Smith
has
enough
money
,but
he
isn’t
kind
enough
to
help
others.
【注意】enough
修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。
Please
take
some
books
to
the
classroom.
Take
this
medicine
three
times
a
day.
take
They
usually
take
the
bus
to
work.
It
takes
me
two
hours
to
do
my
homework
every
day.
【拓展】take
构成的短语：
take
a
walk
去散步
take
a
rest
休息
take
care
of
照顾
take
off
脱下；起飞
take
up
占据
take
down
拿下
take
one’s
time
不急；慢慢来
take
one’s
temperature
量体温
7.
The
minute
I
sat
down
in
front
of
the
TV,
my
mom
came
over
.
我刚坐在电视机前面，我妈妈就过来了。
【解析1】the
minute
=
as
soon
as
“一......
就......”
Please
write
to
me
the
minute
you
get
there.
【解析2】
in
front
of
指在物体外部的前面
There
is
a
bike
in
front
of
the
classroom.
【辨析】
指在物体内部的前面
Our
teacher
is
standing
in
the
front
of
the
classroom
【记】
The
driver
sat
_____in
the
front
of___________
the
car.
The
policeman
stood
___in
front
of________
the
car.
【注意】有the无the区别大：
at
table
吃饭；进餐
in
hospital
住院
at
the
tabel
在桌边
in
the
hospital
在医院（不一定看病）
【解析3】come
over
过来
【拓展】
come
短语：
come
across（偶然）发现
come
back
回来
come
up
with想出
come
true实现
come
down下来
come
from=be
from来自,出生于
come
in/into进入,进来
come
on赶快,加油
come
along走吧,过来,快点
come
and
go来来去去
come
up上来
come
out出来，(花)开，(照片)冲洗出来
7.
You
watch
TV
all
the
time
and
never
help
out
around
the
house!
你总是看电视，从不帮忙做家务！
all
the
time
=
always
一直；总是
8.
I’m
just
as
tired
as
you
are!
我和你一样累！
【解析】as...as
...
和......一样......
9.
For
one
week
,
she
did
not
do
any
housework
and
neither
did
I.
一周的时间，她不做任何家务，我也不做。
【解析】neither
+助动词/系动词/情态动词
+主语
“某人（主语）
也不”
⑴
neither两者都不
neither
…nor…
既不…也不…,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定Neither
Tom
nor
Jim
is
a
student
⑵
表达“…也不……”
则用
“Neither
/Nor
+
be
/
V助
/
V情
+
主”
—The
first
one
wasn’t
bad.
—
Neither
was
the
second.
10.
The
next
day
,
my
mom
came
home
from
work
to
find
the
house
clean
and
tidy.
第二天，妈妈下班回到家后发现房间很干净、整洁。
【解析】find
+宾语+宾语补足语
【注】find
→
found
→found
v寻找
(1)
find
sb.
doing
sth
发现某人做某事
(2)
find
it
+
adj.
+
to
do
sth
发现做某事很……
◆find
it
difficult/
hard
to
do
sth
发现做某事很困难
She
found
_it__
hard
to
finish
the
work
by
herself.
11.
She
asked
in
surprise.她吃惊地问道。
【解析】in
surprise
惊奇地；吃惊地
surprise
v
使吃惊→surprising
adj.
令人吃惊的
→surprised
adj.
吃惊的
to
one’s
surprise
使某人吃惊的是
in
surprise
吃惊地
be
surprised
at
对……感到吃惊
To
my
surprise_(使我吃惊的是），he
got
the
first
prize
in
the
exam.
12.
“
I’m
do
sorry,
Mom.
I
finish
understand
that
we
need
to
share
the
housework
to
have
a
clean
and
comfortable
home.”
I
replied.
“对不起，妈妈。我终于理解为了拥有一个干净、舒适的家我们需要共同来分担家务。”
我回答说。
【解析1】need
v
需要
用于肯定句，是实义动词。
(1)人做主语，sb.
need
to
do
sth
某人需要做某事
(2)物做主语，sth
need
doing
sth=
sth
need
to
be
done
用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词
(1)needn’t
=
don’t
have
to
没有必要
(2)need
,must
引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用needn’t
—
Must
I
go
there
now?
—
Yes，you
must/No,
you
needn’t
【解析2】share
分享；共用
share
sth
分享或共用某物
share
sth
with
sb.
与某人分享某物
13.Could
I
hang
out
with
my
friends
after
the
movie?
看完电影后我能和朋友们一起闲逛吗？
【解析】hang
out
闲逛
hang
up
把......悬挂/挂起
14.
Could
you
please
pass
me
the
salt?你能把盐递给我吗？
【解析】pass
⑴v
给；递；走过；通过
pass
sb.sth
把某物递给某
Pass
on
传递
Please
pass
the
paper
on
to
the
other
students.
⑵
v
通过；路过
I
pass
your
home.
⑶
v
通过（考试）
；及格
Tom
can
pass
his
math
exam.
15.
Could
I
borrow
that
book?我能借下你那本书看吗、
Could
you
lend
me
some
money?你能借我一些钱吗？
【解析】borrow
/lend/keep
(1)borrow
借入
,与from
连用，尤指主语“【借进来”】
borrow
sth
from
sb.
从某人那里借某物
You
can
borrow
the
book
from
the
library.
(2)lend
借出
,与to
搭配
【指借出去】
lend
sb
sth=lend
sth
to
sb
把某物借给某人He
doesn’t
want
to
lend
his
book
to
others.
(3)keep
保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】
16.
I
cut
my
finger
and
I’m
trying
not
to
get
it
wet.
我的手指割伤了，伤口不能弄湿。
【解析】try
(not)
to
do
sth努力（不）做某事。
try
v
试图，设法，努力
【拓展】
(1)try
on
试穿
(2)
try
to
do
sth
努力做某事
【侧重尽力做】
(3)
try
doing
sth
试图做某事
【侧重尝试做】
(4)try
one’s
best
to
do
sth=
do
one’s
best
to
do
sth
尽某人最大努力做某事
17.
I
hate
to
do
chores.
我讨厌做家务。
hate
to
do
sth
讨厌做某事,
表示某次具体行为或动作。
I
hate
to
trouble
him.
hate
doing
sth不愿意做某事
表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。
She
hates
smoking
in
her
room.
18.Could
I
ask
you
to
help
me
with
some
chores
then?
那我能请求你帮我做些杂活吗？
【解析】ask
sb.
to
do
sth
要求某人做某事。
ask
for
请求，要某物
ask
sb.
about
sth
向某人询问关于某事
(1)ask
sb.
for
help
向某人请求帮助
(2)
ask
sb.
(not)
to
do
sth请求某人做某事
ask构成的短语：
短语
含义
ask
sb.
to
do
sth
请某人做某事
ask
sb.
not
to
do
sth
不让某人做某事
ask
sb
for
sth
向某人要某物
ask
for
help
寻求帮助
19.I’ll
finish
my
homework
while
you
help
me
with
the
dishes.
当你帮我洗盘子的时候，我将完成我的家庭作业。
【解析1】finish
doing
sth
完成某事
—
Can
you
finish
_reading__
these
books
before
10
o’clock?
—
Yes,
I
can.
【解析2】while
conj.
“在……期间；
当……的时候”
While
引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词。
_While
__
the
children
have
fun,
parents
can
take
dance
lessons
on
the
beach.
【解析3】help
sb.
with
sth.
在某事上帮助某人。
【注】help
v
帮助
→
helpful
adj.
有帮助的
(1)help
sb.
do
sth.
=help
sb.
with
sth.
帮助某人做某事
(2)with
the
help
of
sb.=with
one’s
help在某人的帮助之下
(3)without
the
help
of
没有在…的帮助之下
①I
think
reading
is
very
__helpful____(help).
②
__Without____
your
help,
we
couldn’t
catch
the
thief.
20.
Could
I
invite
my
friends
to
a
party?
我能邀请我的朋友们来聚会吗？
【解析】invite
sb.
to
Sp.
邀请某人去某地
【解析】invite
v
→
invitation
n邀请
(1)
invite
sb.
to
do
sth
邀请某人做某事
(2)invite
sb.
to
+地点
邀请某人去某地
21.I
don’t
understand
why
some
parents
make
their
kids
help
with
housework
and
chores
at
home.
我不理解为什么有些父母在家让孩子们帮忙做家务和杂务。
【解析】make
sb.
do
sth
让某人做某事
make
→
made
→made
v.
做，
制作，
使得
(1)
make
sb/sth
+
形容词
“让某人或某物…”
make
you
happy
(2)
make
sb/sth
do
sth
使某人做某事
make
me
laugh.
Colors
can
change
our
moods
and
make
us
_feel__
happy
or
sad,
energetic
or
sleep.
22.They
don’t
have
time
to
study
and
do
housework，too.
他们也没有时间来学习家务和做家务。
【解析】have
time
to
do
sth.有时间做某事
have
time
=be
free
有空
23.
Housework
is
a
waste
of
their
time.
做家务是在浪费他们的时间。
【解析】a
waste
of
浪费
a
waste
of
time
浪费时间
a
waste
of
money
浪费金钱
waste
v
“浪费”
waste
time/money
on
sth
waste
time
/
money
(in)
doing
sth
在做某事上花费时间/金钱
Don’t
____waste______water.
Can’t
you
see
the
sign
“save
water”?
24.They
should
spend
their
time
on
schoolwork
in
order
to
get
good
grades
and
get
into
a
good
university.
为了取得好成绩并考上一所好大学，他们应该把时间用在学习上。
【解析1】spend...
on
sth
在某事上花费......
spend/pay/cost/take
花费
(1)spend→spent→spent
v
花费,主语是人
◆
sb.+
spend
+时间/钱+on
sth
◆sb.
+spend
+时间/钱+（in）
doing
sth
◆spend
on=
pay
for
支付
He
spends
too
much
time
on
the
computer
games.
Remember
to
spend
some
time
_with_
your
loved
ones,
because
they’re
not
going
to
be
around
forever.
My
father
__spent___
one
hundred
thousand
yuan
on
his
new
car.
(2)
pay
→paid
→paid
v
支付，主语是人
◆sb.+
pay
+
钱+for
sth
I
pay
10
yuan
for
the
book.
—
How
much
did
you
__pay__
for
this
computer?
—
Five
hundred
dollars.
(3)
cost→
cost→
cost
v
花费，主语是某物或某事
◆sth
cost
sb.
+钱
某物花费某人多少钱
A
new
computer
costs
me
a
lot
of
money.
I
bought
a
new
sweater
last
weekend.
It
___cost_
me
120
yuan.
(4)take→took
→
taken
v
花费
◆It
takes
/took
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.
做某事花费某人多长时间
It
takes
him
3
hours
to
do
his
homework.
【解析2】in
order
to
“目的是；为了”
后接动词原形。
in
order
to
do
sth
为了做某事
He
ran
quickly
in
order
not
__to
be___
late
for
the
meeting.
【解析3】get
into
=enter
进入
【拓展】与get相关的短语：
get
up
起床
get
back
返回
get
over
克服
get
dressed穿衣
get
into进入
get/be
lost丢失
get
off/on下/上车
get
on
well
with
sb.与某人相处得好
get
out
of从…出来
get
warm
变暧
get
ready
for
+n.为…做准备
get
ready
to
do
sth.准备做某事
get
well康复
get
a
chance
有机会、得到机会
get/go
to
sleep(fall
asleep)入睡
相关：(be
asleep睡着)
25.Also,when
they
get
older,
they
will
have
to
do
housrwork
so
there’s
no
need
for
them
to
do
it
now.
而且，当他们长大的时候，他们也将会做家务，因此，他们没必要现在在做。
【解析】get
older
长大
get/
become/
go辨析：
⑴
get+adj较多地与形容词比较级连用。
The
days
are
getting
longer
and
longer.
⑵
become
强调变化的结果
It's
becoming
colder
and
colder.
⑶go+adj.''表示令人不快的事情
go
bad变坏，go
blind变瞎，go
hungry挨饿
26.
It
is
the
parents’
job
to
provide
a
clean
and
comfortable
environment
at
home
for
their
children.
在家为孩子们提供一个干净、舒适的环境是父母的义务。
【解析】provide
sth.
for
sb.
为某人提供某物
provide
v
提供
provide
sb.
with
sth.
(sb
前介词用for)
=provide
sth
for
sb.(
sth
前需加介词with)供应某人某物
相当于：offer
sb.
sth.
=
offer
sth
to
sb.
provide
为应急等做好准备而“提供；
供给”
provide
sb.
with
sth.
=provide
sth
for
sb.提供某人某物
offer
侧重表示“愿意给予”
offer
sb.
sth.
=
offer
sth
to
sb.对某人提供某物
offer
to
do
sth
主动提出干某事
supply
定期“供应”
,
强调替代或补充所需物品
Supply
sb.
with
sth=supply
sth.
to
sb.
为某人提供某物
①The
Internet
provides
us
_with__a
lot
of
_information___we
need.
②
—Could
you
please
provide
us
_with___
some
information
about
the
students’
health?
—
Of
course,
it’s
my
pleasure.
27.
And
anyway,
I
think
doing
chores
is
not
so
difficult.
无论如何，我认为做家务并不那么难。
【解析】anyway
无论如何,
(一般放在句首，用逗号和句子隔开）
28.
I
think
it
is
important
for
children
to
learn
how
to
do
chores
and
help
their
parents
with
housework.
我认为对孩子们来说，学习如何做杂务并帮助他们的父母做家务是很重要的。
【解析】It
is
important
for
sb.
to
do
sth.
对某人来说做某事是重要的
29.
Children
these
days
depend
on
their
parents
too
much.
现在的孩子太依赖他们的父母。
【解析】depend
on
依靠；信赖
——
Shall
we
go
for
a
picnic
tomorrow?
——
Well,
it
all
___depends
on____
the
weather.
30.
...
Everyone
should
do
their
part
in
keeping
it
clean
and
tidy.
每个人都有责任保持家里的干净和整洁。
【解析1】
do
one’s
part
尽职责；尽本分
Do
one’s
part
in
doing
sth
在做某事上尽职责
【解析2】keep
+sth
/sb.
+adj.
“使......处于某种状态”
Her
mother
asked
her
to
keep
the
windows
__open__
and
the
door
__closed__.
keep
系动词
“保持”
keep
+
adj
.
We
must
keep
healthy.
实义动词
“保持；继续”
keep
(
on
)
doing
sth
继续做某事
He
was
in
great
pain
but
he
kept
on
working
He
kept
on
__
talking__
after
the
ball
rang
for
class.
(2)
keep
sb.
Doing
sth
让某人一直做某事
I’m
sorry
to
have
kept
you
waiting
for
so
long.
My
teacher
kept
me
__doing___
homework
all
the
afternoon.
Unit
4
Why
don’t
you
talk
to
your
parents?
Why
don’t
you
talk
to
your
parents?
你为什么不和你打父母谈谈呢？
【解析】Why
don't
you
do
sth
?=
Why
not
do
sth?
为什么不......呢？
【拓展】用于提建议的句型有：
(1)What
about
doing
sth
?=How
about
doing
sth?
….怎么样？
(2)Why
don’t
you
do
sth?=
Why
not
do
sth?
为什么不呢？
(3)Let’s
do
sth.让我们一起做某事吧。
(4)Shall
we/I
do
sth?我们做…好吗？
(5)had
better
do/not
do
sth
最好做/不做某事
(6)
Will/Would
you
please
do
sth
请你做…好吗？
(7)
Would
you
like
to
do
sth?
你想去做某事吗？
(8)Would
you
mind
doing
sth？你介意做某事吗？
【回答】
(1).
同意对方的建议时，一般用：
◆
Good
idea./
That’s
good
idea.
好主意
◆OK/
All
right./
Great
好/
行/太好了
◆
Yes,
please
./
I’d
love
to
是的/
我愿意
◆
I
agree
with
you
我同意你的看法
◆
No
problem
没问题
◆Sure/
Of
course/
Certainly
当然可以
◆Yes,
I
think
so
对，我也这样想
(2).对对方的帮助或要求表示委婉谢绝时，一般用：
◆
I
don’t
think
so
我认为不是这样
◆Sorry,
I
can’t
对不起，我不能
◆I’d
love
to,
but…
◆
I’m
afraid…我愿意，但恐怕……
I
have
to
study
too
much
so
I
don’t
get
enough
sleep.
我要学的太多，因此我睡眠不足。
【解析1】(1)too
many
+
复数名词
许多
too
many
people
(2)too
much
+不可数名词
许多
too
much
homework
(3)much
too
+形容词
太…
much
too
cold
My
parents
don’t
allow
me
to
hang
out
with
my
friends.
我的父母不允许我和我的朋友们出去闲逛。
【解析】allow
sb.
to
do
sth
允许某人做某事
【拓展】allow
v
允许
allow
doing
sth
允许做某事
They
don’t
allow
smoking.
allow
sb.
to
do
sth
允许某人做某事My
mother
allows
me
to
watch
TV.
be
allowed
to
do
sth
被允许做某事
【拓展】allow与let的辨析：
allow指“允许”，表示“默许，听任，不加阻止”，
allow
sb
to
do
sth允许某人做某事。
Let指“让”，let
sb
do
sth让某人做某事，语意较弱，多用于口语中，let不能用于被动语态。
4.
What’s
wrong?
怎么啦？
【解析】What’s
wrong(
with
sb./
sth)
（某人/物）
怎么了？
I’m
really
tried
because
I
studied
until
midnight
last
night.
我真的很累，因为我昨天晚上一直学习到半夜。
【解析】until
直到......时
【解析】go
to
sleep
去睡觉
(强调“入睡，睡着”这一动作）
7.
You
look
sad,
Kim.
金，你看起来很伤心。
【解析】look
看起来
（系动词，后跟形容词作宾语）
【拓展】：系动词：后跟adj.
作表语
一是：（be）
am
/is
/are
be
quiet=keep
quiet
保持安静
二保持：stay/keep
（表示持续状态）
stay
healthy=keep
healthy
保持健康
三变化：become/get/turn
（表示状态变化）
五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel
（表示感觉）
【解析】call
up
(v
+
adv)
call
on
拜访；号召
I
call
up
my
parents
every
Sunday.
9.Well,
I
found
my
sister
looking
through
my
things
yesterday.
哦，昨天我发现我妹妹翻了我的东西。
【解析1】find
sb.
doing
sth
发现某人正在做某事Mr.
Wang
found
Li
Dong
reading
a
storybook
in
the
class.
类似动词：hear，watch,
see,
feel
【拓展】与look相关的短语：
look
for
look
after=take
care
of
look
like
look
the
same
look
over
look
through
look
out
look
up
look
around
look
forward
to
10.
Yes,
but
I’m
still
angry
with
her.
是的，但是我仍然很生她的气。
【解析】be
angry
with
sb.
生某人的气
【拓展】angry
adj.
生气的→
angrily
adv.
生气地
(1)be
angry
with
sb.
=be
mad
at
sb.
对某人生气【with后接人】
(2)be
angry
at/about
sth对某事感到生气
【at后接事】
(3)be
angry
to
do
sth
做某事感到生气
11.Although
she’s
wrong,
It’s
not
a
big
deal.
尽管她错了，但也不是什么大错。
【解析1】although=
though
尽管
,
用来引导让步状语从句。
【注】though
/
although
不能与but连用
【拓展】although/however辨析
⑴although
conj，“虽然；即使；纵然”，引导让步状语从句时放在主句前后都可。
Although
he
is
very
old,
yet
he
is
quite
strong.他虽然年纪大了，但身体还很健壮。
⑵
however
adv，在句中作插入语，起一个连词的作用，一般用逗号与句子分开，可以放在句首或句中，意为“然而，尽管如此”。
It’s
raining
hard,
However,
I
think
we
should
go
out.雨下的很大。尽管如此，我认为我们还应该出去。
【解析2】It’s
not
a
big
deal.
没什么大不了；不是什么大事（常用于口语中）
You
left
your
homework
at
home.
你把作业忘在家里了。
【解析】leave
v
遗忘，留下
leave
sth
.
somewhere把某物忘在某地
leave
sb.
by
oneself
把某人单独留下
12.
Hope
things
work
out.
希望事情顺利解决。
【解析1】hope
v
希望
hope
to
do
sth
I
hope
to
visit
Guilin.
hope
+
that
从句
（表示希望）
I
hope
that
you’ll
be
better
soon
wish
v
希望
wish
to
do
sth
I
wish
to
visit
Guilin.
wish
sb.to
do
sth
希望某人做某事
I
wish
you
to
go.
wish
+that
从句
表示愿望，从句用虚拟语气
I
wish
I
were
you.
【解析2】work
out
解决；成功地发展，后跟fine,well,
badly等词，表明产生的结果如何。
work
out
13.My
problem
is
I
can’t
get
on
with
my
favorite.
我的问题是我不能喝我的家人和睦相处。
【解析】get
on
with
sb.
和某人和睦相处；和某人关系良好
=get
along
with
get
on
well/
badly
with
相处的好/坏
14.When
they
argue,
it’s
like
a
big,
black
cloud
hanging
over
our
home.当他们争吵的时候，就像有一大团乌云笼罩在我们家。
【解析1】argue
争吵
→argument
n
争论
have
an
argument
with
sb.与某人辩论
argue
with
sb.
与某人争吵
argue
with
sb.
about
sth
为某事与某人争吵
argue
about
sth
争论某事
argue
against
争辩；反对
He
argued
against
the
plan
【解析2】
hang
over
挂在......之上；
悬浮在......之上
hang
out
闲逛；常去某处
He
likes
reading
and
he
often
hangs
out
in
the
bookshop.
hang
on
to
紧紧抓住
You’d
better
hang
on
to
me
in
the
crowd.
hang
up
挂电话；悬挂
After
she
finished
her
conversation
15.Also,
my
elder
brother
is
not
very
nice
to
me.
【解析】elder
adj.年纪较长的
His
elder
brother
is
ill.
elder
用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系，常用作定语
older
泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系，可以用作表语，是old的比较级形式。
【解析2】be
nice
to
sb.
对某人友好
be
friendly
to
sb.
be
good
to
sb.
16.He
always
refuses
to
let
me
watch
my
favorite
TV
show.
他总是拒绝让我看我最喜欢的电视节目。
【解析】refuse
=say
no
to
v拒绝
refuse
to
do
sth拒绝去做某事
17.Instead
he
watches
whatever
he
wants
until
late
at
night.
相反，他却想看什么酒看什么，
一直到深夜。
【解析1】
instead
代替，反而，替
(1)
instead
副词，代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。
Lee
was
ill
so
I
went
instead.李病了，所以我去了。
(2)
instead
of
+n/doing
代替，而不是，放在句中
instead
of
为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。
She
wrote
to
him
instead
of
calling
him.=She
didn’t
call
him.
She
wrote
to
him
instead.
她没有给他打电话，而是给他写了封信。
【解析2】
whatever
=
no
matter
what
任何，每一
【解析】
offer
to
do
sth
主动提出做某事
【拓展】offer
v
主动给予
(1)
offer
to
do
sth
主动提出做某事
(2)offer
sb.
sth=
offer
sth
to
sb.
主动提供给某人某物
19.Secondly,why
don’t
you
sit
down
and
communicate
with
your
brother?
其次，你为什么不能坐下来和你的哥哥交流一下呢？
【解析1】secondly
adv.第二；其次
【解析2】communicate
v交流
communication
n
交流；沟通communicate
with
sb.
和某人交流
20.You
should
explain
that
you
don’t
mind
him
watching
TV
all
the
time.
你应该跟他解释说你并不介意他一直看电视。
【解析】explain
解释；说明
→
explanation
n
解释；说明
explain
sth
to
sb.
向某人解释某事。
explain
to
sb
sth给某人解释某事
21.
I’m
worried
about
my
school
grades.
我很胆小我的学习成绩。
【解析】
be
worried
about
sth.
担心某事
【拓展】worry
v
担心
→
worried
adj.
焦急的
worry
about
=
be
worried
about
为……担心
22.My
cousin
borrows
my
things
without
returning
them.我堂弟借我东西没有还我。
【解析】return
⑴v
归还=give
back
return
...
to
...
=
give
back
to
...
把......还给......
⑵
v
回来；返回
=
come
back
23.My
parents
give
me
a
lot
of
presure
about
school.我父母在学习上给了我很多压力。
【解析】press
v
按；压
→pressure压力
⑴不可数名词
（物理学）压力air
pressure
气压
blood
pressure
血压
⑵不可数名词
还可指精神上、外界施加的压力
=
stress
under
pressure
在压力下
24.I
have
to
compete
with
my
classmates
at
school.在学校我不得不和我的同学们竞争。
【解析】compete
v竞争；对抗
→
competition
n
竞争
compete
with
sb.
和某人竞争compete
against/
with
与……竞争compete
for
为……参加比赛
【解析】improve
=make
...
better
改进
→improvement
n
提高
26.Who
gives
their
opinions
about
the
problem?
对于这个问题都有谁提出了他们自己的观点。
【解析】opinion
n
意见；想法；看法
in
one’s
opinion
以某人的观点；在某人看来
give
opinions
about
sth.
给出关于某事的观点。
27.These
days
,
Chinese
children
are
sometimes
busier
on
weekends
than
weekdays
because
they
have
to
take
so
many
after-school
classes
.目前，中国的孩子有时周末比平常还要忙，因为他们不得不上那么多的课后辅导班。
【解析】some
time
/sometime/some
times/sometimes
【口诀】：分开是一段，
合起是某时；
分开s
是倍次，合起s是有时
(1)
some
time一段时间，做时间状语
It
takes
sb.
some
time
to
do
sth.
做某事花费某人多长时间
(2)
sometime
adv
在某个时候，
(3)
some
times
名词词组，“几次，几倍”
Mr.
Green
went
to
Sanya
some
times
last
summer.
(4)sometimes=at
times
有时
（一般现在时的标志词）
28.
Others
are
practicing
sports
so
that
they
can
compete
and
win.
其他人正在练习体育运动，
这样他们就能参与竞争并获胜。
【解析】
others
pron.
“其他的人或事物”There
are
other
ways
of
doing
it.
做这事还有其他的办法。
29.The
Taylors
are
a
typical
American
family.泰勒一家是一个典型的美国之家。
【解析1】The
Taylors
泰勒一家
。
在姓氏的复数前加冠词the表示“全家人或夫妻两人”，使用时注意主语和谓语保持一致。The
Blacks
are
getting
ready
for
the
holiday.
【解析】typical
典型的
be
typical
of
“是……的特点”
30..
Maybe
I
could
cut
out
a
few
of
their
activities,
but
I
believe
these
activities
are
important
for
my
children’s
future.
或许我可以减少他们的一些活动，
但是我相信这些活动对孩子们的未来很重要。
【解析】cut
out
删除；删去
(v+adv)
You’d
better
cut
out
that
sentence.
cut
up
切碎
cut
down
砍到
cut
in
插队
cut
off
切断（水、电）供应
31.
I
really
want
them
to
be
successful.
我真的很想他们成功。
【解析】successful
成功的【拓展】
succeed
v
成功，达到
→success
n
成功
→successful
adj
成功的→successfully
adv成功地
◆succeed
in
doing
sth
32.It’s
time
for
homework.该写作业了。
【解析】It’s
time
for
sth
是到做某事的时候了。It’s
time
for
lunch.
It’s
time
to
do
sth
It’s
time
to
go
to
school.
In
some
families,
competition
starts
very
young
and
continues
until
the
kids
get
older.
在有些家庭，竞争从孩子们很小的时候就开始了，一直持续到他们长大。
【解析】continue
继续；持续
【拓展】continue
doing
sth
=go
on
doing
sth
继续做某事(前后做同一件事)
continue
to
do
sth
=
go
on
to
do
sth
继续做某事（前后不是同一件事）
【拓展】continue，go
on,
last辨析
⑴continue
v.继续，持续，指进程在时间或空间上的延续，强调持续不断，有时也可以指短暂停止后继续进行。
He
continue
the
work
for
two
days.他连续两天都在做这项工作。
⑵
go
on指无间歇或有间歇地继续，或以某种特定方式继续。
go
on
to
do
sth继续做某事，指开始做另外一件事；
go
on
doing
sth继续做原来所做的事情。
After
doing
his
homework,
he
went
on
to
preview
his
lessons.做完家庭作业之后，他继续去预习他的研究。
⑶last
v.持续，延续，维持，指某事物继续存在或某种现象在时间上延续，说明某一动作要延续一段时间。
She
won’t
last
long
in
that
job.那个工作她做不了多久。
34.Mothers
send
their
small
kids
to
all
kinds
of
classes.
妈妈们把她们的小孩子送去各种各样的辅导班。
【解析1】send→
sent
→
sent
v
发送
【短语】：
send
away
赶走
send
for
派人去请
send
off
寄出
send
out
分发
send
up
发射send
sb.
sth
=
send
sth
to
sb.
送给某人某物
【注】类似的动词有：show
(展示；
给……看)
give
(给)
lend
(借出)
offer（提供）
return
（归还）
tell
（
告诉）
【解析2】all
kinds
of
各种各样的
【拓展】kind
(1)
n
种类
kind
of
+adj.有点，有几分，kind
of
cold
有点冷
a
kind
of
一种的，某种的
all
kinds
of
各种各样的
different
kinds
of
不同种类的
What
kind
of…?那种
(2)
adj.
友好的
be
kind
to
sb.
=
be
good
to
sb.=be
friendly
to
sb.
对某人友好
【辨析】kind
of
与kinds
of:
kind
of
单独用，表示“有点”，后接形容词或副词：
He
is
kind
of
thin.”他有点瘦”
I
feel
kind
of
hungry.”我有点饿”
Uncle
Wang
speaks
kind
of
quickly.
王叔叔说得有点快。
若kind
of前有a,
this,
that,
what等，译为“种，种类”
后加名词。
That
kind
of
question
is
difficult
to
answer.
那类问题难回答。What
kind
of
sport
do
you
like
best?
你最喜欢何种运动？
35..Kids
should
have
time
to
relax
and
think
for
themselves,
too.
孩子们也应该有时间放松和独立思考。
【解析】have
time
to
do
sth
有时间做某事
二、重点语法
1.
情态动词should与could的用法
should的用法
should为情态动词，表示劝告、建议，意为“应该”，它和其他情态动词一样，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，其否定形式为shouldn’t。
Maybe
she
should
say
sorry
to
you.也许她应该跟你说声对不起。
could的用法
情态动词could既是can的过去式，表示过去的能力，又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议，后接动词原形，其否定形式为couldn’t。
My
grandfather
could
drive
well
even
at
the
age
of
eighty.我的祖父甚至到了80岁任然能很好地驾车。
You
could
go
out
and
buy
her
some
medicine.
你可以出去给他买些药。
(
)
The
girl_____
read
before
she
went
to
school.
A.
Could
B.
Couldn’t
C.
Should
D.
May
2.状语从句
状语从句就是在句子中作状语的从句。状语从句有好几种，如时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句等。本单元重点讲述以下三种类型的状语从句。
1).until引导的时间状语从句
until意为“直到；在........之前”。注意until和not.....until在用法上的区别。
Until：在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句里
如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”,
谓语动词可用瞬间动词。
The
young
man
read
till
the
light
went
out.
Let’s
wait
until
the
rain
stops.
We
won’t
start
until
Bob
come
Don’t
get
off
until
the
bus
stops.
Continue
in
this
direction
until
you
see
a
sign.
一直朝着这个方向走直到你看见一个指示牌。
I
didn’t
wake
up
until
I
heard
the
alarm
clock.
直到听到闹钟的铃声我才醒来。
2).so
that引导的目的状语从句
so
that是连词，意为“为的是，以便”，引导目的状语从句。
注意so
that,
in
order
that和in
order
to在用法上的区别。
Let
me
take
down
your
telephone
number
so
that
I
can
call
you
later.让我记下你的号码，为的是以后好打电话给你。
3).
although引导的状语从句
although的用法意思相当于though（尽管，虽然），用来引导让步状语从句。它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and，
so等连用，但可以和yet，
still等词连用。
①
Although
the
book
was
old,
we
decided
to
buy
it.尽管这本书很旧，我们还是决定买。
②
Although
he
was
tired,
he
went
on
working.
Although
he
had
only
entered
the
contest
for
fun,
he
won
first
prize.尽管他参加这次竞赛只不过是闹着玩而已，却赢得了头等奖。