2012届高考英语二轮语法总复习全套

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名称 2012届高考英语二轮语法总复习全套
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2012届高考英语二轮语法总复习
(1):“名词性从句”和“定语从句”专题训练
找出下列句子中的错误,并总结出规律:
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). Can you tell me how many students are there in your class
  2. I don't know where has he gone.
  3. The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was.
  4. We suggested that we would go to the cinema.
  5. My idea is that we must do our homework first.
  6. His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable.
  7. If we will have a meeting hasn't been decided yet.
  8. It depends on if the weather is suitable for us to do it.
  9. The question is if he himself will be present at the meeting.
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )0. He asked me if I could go with him or not.
选择正确答案
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). Sometimes advertisements make______ possible for companies to sell the customers _____
    money can not buy.
  A. /;that      B. it;what
  C. that;which    D. it;whose
  2. (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·济南第二次统考)The hospital nearby has just got a,________you’d call it,
    er...a scanner.
  A. that    B. which    C. what    D. how
  3. (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )0·上海卷)When changing lanes,a driver should use his turning signal to let other
    drivers know________.
  A. he is entering which lane    B. which lane he is entering
  C. is he entering which lane    D. which lane is he entering
  4. (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·浙江温州联考)The fact has worried many scientists ________the earth is becoming
    warmer and warmer these years.
  A. what    B. which    C. that    D. though
  5. (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·日照市调研考试)—Do you know her
    —No. Her name rings a bell but I can’t remember ________I read it before.
  A. where    B. what    C. that    D. if
  6. (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·南通一模)________there are living creatures in the outer space as those on Earth
    hasn’t been proved until now.
  A. How    B. When    C. Where    D. Whether
  7. (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·南通二模)—He is eager to try something he has never tried before.
    —Oh,I see. That’s ________he’s different from others.
  A. when    B. where    C. how    D. what
  8. (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )0·贵阳部分学校联考)The painting is so valuable that it is difficult to calculate
    ________ its price would be.
  A. that    B. which    C. what    D. /
  9. (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )0·济南统考)The media today can draw public attention to ________help is actually
    needed.
  A. that    B. which    C. where    D. whose
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )0. (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )0·海淀一模)Sorry I’m so late,but you cannot imagine ________great trouble I
    took to find your house.
  A. what    B. how    C. which    D. why
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )0·成都第一次诊断)Professor Blackman took up scientific research for decades,and
    this is ________he devoted all his life to.
  A. which    B. what    C. where    D. how
选择填空
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).(1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))________,paper was first made in China.
    (2)________ that paper was first made in China.
    (3)________ is that paper was first made in China.
  A. It is known to us all
  B. What is known to us all
  C. As is known to us all
  D. That is known to us all
  2. (1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))He said nothing,________ made me angry.
    (2)He said nothing,________ made me angry.
    (3)He said nothing,________ had been expected.
  A. that     B. which   C. as      D. it
  3. (1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))You can use a larger plastic bottle, _____ is cut off, as a pot to grow flowers in.
    (2)You can use a larger plastic bottle,_______ cut off,as a pot to grow flowers in.
  A. the top        B. whose top  
  C. whose the top     D. with its top
  4. (1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))The reason ________ he failed was that he hadn't taken my advice.
    (2)The reason for ________ he failed was that he hadn't taken my advice.
    (3)The only reason ________ he could give us was that he failed to catch the bus.
  A. that    B. which   C. because    D. why
  5. (1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))Computers must be of great use to ________ do the scientific research.
    (2)Computers must be of great use to ________ doing the scientific research.
  A. those        B. who
  C. those who      D. whomever
  6. (1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )) Is this museum ________ they visited yesterday
    (2)Is this the museum ________ they visited yesterday
    (3)Is this museum ________ they visited some ancient weapons yesterday
  A. that    B. where     C. one      D. the one
用从句翻译下列句子
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). 现在正在建造的那幢房子将是我们的寝室。
    ________________________________________________
  2. 她生病使得她母亲担心。
    ________________________________________________
    (=It made her mother worried that she was ill. )
  3. 这个工厂的老板太残酷了,竟然把那个工人打死了。
    ________________________________________________
  4. 工人们说他们会坚持自己的计划直到完成。
    ________________________________________________
  5. 我没有想到汤姆会被选为学生会主席。
    ________________________________________________
  6. 我愿你学你姐姐的样,不要总是做事漫不经心。
    ________________________________________________
  答案与解析:
修改错误
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). Can you tell me how many students there are in your class
  2. I don't know where he has gone.
  3. The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.
  名词从句中须使用陈述语序!
  4. We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.
  5. My idea is that we (should) do our homework first.
  6. His proposal that we (should) go there on foot is acceptable.
  注意虚拟语气的使用!
  7. Whether we will have a meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
  8. It depends on whether the weather is suitable for us to do it.
  9. The question is whether he himself will be present at the meeting.
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )0. He asked me whether I could go with him or not.
  4种情况只能用whether:位于句子开头;前面有介词;引导表语从句;与or not连用。
单项选择
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). B。句意为:有时广告让公司把用钱买不到的东西卖给顾客变得可能。it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是
     不定式短语。what 引导的是宾语从句,并在宾语从句中作宾语。
  2.C。考查名词性从句。该句比较口语化。句意是“附近的医院刚搞来一个……你们叫它什么……对,
     扫描器”。
  3.B。句意为:当司机改变车道时,应该使用转向指示灯告知其他司机 要往哪条车道拐。
  4. C。句意为:近年地球越来越暖的事实让许多科学家担心。
  5. A。考查名词性从句。答语语意是:我不认识她。她的名字好像很熟,但我想不起来在哪儿见到过
     了。A、B、C三个选项中只有where 可在宾语从句中作地点状语,if不符合语意。
  6. D。本题考查名词性从句。句意为:外太空是否存在像地球上一样的生物还不能确定。whether引导
     主语从句。
  7. B。考查名词性从句。所填词引导的从句作表语,在从句中作地点状 语,用where,选B。
  8. C。考查名词性从句。这里用what引导宾语从句,并在从句中作表语。这画太名贵了,很难估量其价
     格。
  9. C。本题考查宾语从句的引导词,结合题干,where引导宾语从句并且在宾语从句中作地点状语。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )0. A。考查宾语从句。take great trouble to do something表示“不辞辛劳地做某事”。在此,
      what引导的宾语从句同时是一个感叹句,what修饰名词trouble。而how在感叹句中修饰形容
      词、副词或动词。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). B。考查名词性从句。what引导表语从句且在从句中作介词to的宾语,表示“什么”。
选择填空
   1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).(1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))C (2)A (3)B     2.(1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))B (2)B (3)C  3.(1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))B (2)D
   4.(1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))D (2)B (3)A    5.(1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))C (2)A     6.(1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))D (2)A (3)B
句子翻译:
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). The house which is being built now will be our bedroom.
  2. That she was ill made her mother worried.
  3. The boss of the factory was so cruel that he beat the worker to death.
  4. The workers said they would stick to their plan until it was finished.
  5. It never occurred to me that Tom would be elected chairman of the Student’s Union.
  6. I wish you would follow your(elder) sister’s example and not always do everything
    absent-mindedly.
(2):代词、连词考点透析与精炼
 考试要求:
  代词是英语里面最活跃的词类之一,也是高考考查的重点。近年高考英语试卷中都有直接涉及对代词用法的考查,若算上引导从句的关系代词,则考查的比重更大。高考对代词的考查主要涉及到在给定的上下文中运用代词的能力,以对不定代词和替代词的考查为主。题目具有很大的灵活性,要求考生使用地道的语言来解决生活中的问题,这一点在近两年的试题中表现得尤为突出。今后对代词的考查仍会保持这一特点。 
  连词是英语词法类别中的大项,而且使用频率非常高。高考对这连词的考查涉及各大题型,是考生必须掌握的基本词法知识。
知识讲解:
代词部分
考点1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) 人称代词的用法
  人称代词的主格在句中做主语,宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。
考点2 名词性和形容词性物主代词的用法
  形容词性物主代词只能在名词前作定语,名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中做主语、宾语、表语或与of连用作后置定语,但不能作定语。
考点3 反身代词的用法
  反身代词在句中可以作enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等动词和by, for, to等介词的宾语,还可以做主语或宾语的同位语,可译作“亲自,本人”,但不能做主语。
  请留意含oneself的短语。如:
  be oneself 身体正常;
  Make yourself at home! 别客气!
  make yourself understood 使你的话被人理解
考点4 指示代词的用法
  指示词有this, that, these, those等。注意以下4点:
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). this, these是时间或空间上的“近指”,可与here连用;that, those是时间或空间上的
    “远指”,可与there连用。
  2. 指上文提到的事一般用that,有时也用this,指下文的事只能用this。
    —He was nearly drowned once.
    —When was that
    —It was in 2008 when he was in middle school.
  3. 打电话时,用this来介绍自己,用that来问对方,不用I或you。
  4. this和that还可表示程度,意为“如此,那么”,相当于so,作状语。
    I'm not that fool!
  
考点5 疑问代词的意义和用法
  疑问代词有what, which, who, whom, whose等。用法要点如下:
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). what除可用来询问人的身份外,一般指物;which可指人也可指物;who, whom, whose一般指人。
  The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
  2. 没有一定的范围时,用what,意为“什么”;有一定范围时,用which,意为“(其中的)哪一个”。
考点6 表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). 表示两者“都”用both,表示两者“都不”用neither,表示两者中的“任一”用either。
  We asked John and Jerry, but neither of them could offer a satisfactory explanation.
  There’s coffee and tea; you can have either.
  2. 表示多者“都”用all,表示多者“都不”用none,表示多者中的“任一”用any。
  Of all the books on the desk, none is of any use for our study.
  -When shall we meet again
  -Make it any day you like; it's all the same to me.
  3. none可指人或物,一般要接表示范围的of短语,可回答how many;而no one只能指人(=nobody),不能接of短语,可回答who。另外,none可指后文的不可数名词,表示“毫无”。
  Some people would rather ride bicycles as bicycle riding has none of the trouble of taking buses.
  We couldn't eat in a restaurant because none of us had any money on us.
  4. all单独使用,或者后接一个定语从句,或者前面有物主代词时,意为everything或the only thing(s)。
  That’s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after all he’s done for you.
考点7 some, any的用法辨析
  表示“一些”,一般说来,肯定句中some,否定句中用any;但在表示请求、建议、劝请或希望对方作肯定回答的疑问句中用some。
  ―I fee a bit hungry.
  ―Why don’t you have some bread
考点8 each, every的用法辨析
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). every只能作形容词,在名词前作定语;each可作形容词也可用代词,可用主语、宾语和同位语。
  Each of the boys has got a pencil and some paper.
  2. 表示“每隔”用every,不用each。如every three days每三天,every third day每逢第三天,every other day每隔一天,every three meters每(隔)三米,every three minutes每(隔)三分钟。
  These plants are watered every other day.
考点9 (a) little, (a) few, a bit的用法辨析
  a little和little修饰或代替不可数名词,与much相对,表示“多”;a few和few修饰或代替可数名词与many相对,表示“少”。a little和a few含肯定语气, little和few含否定语气。一般说来,在only, just, still, quite, can, not等词后用a little或a few;在very, so, some, the, no等词后用little或few。
  If you had followed the plan, you could have done the job better with less money and fewer people.
考点1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )0 替代词it, that, (the) one(s), those的用法辨析
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). it和that都可替代“the+单数名词(可数或不可数)”,都是特指,但it指代前面提到的“同一”事物,而that是指前面提到的“同类”事物。
  I’m moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than that in the city.
  2. one替代“a+单数可数名词”,表示泛指。特指的the one相当于that;the one复数形式the ones,在口语中也常用those代替;当后面有of短语时,一般用that或those,当有前置修饰语时,只能用one(s),如the red one。one(s), the one(s), those, that都是替代“同类”事物,其中只有that可替代不可数名词。
  We’ve been looking at houses but haven’t found one we like yet.
考点1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) another, (the) other(s), else, the rest的用法辨析
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). another或“another+单数可数名词”泛指“另一个,有一个,再一个”,其复数形式是others或“other+复数名词”泛指“别人或别的物”,有some…others(一些……另一些……)之搭配。
  We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so let’s have another one this month.
  Young people may quickly in some ways and more slowly in ______.
  A. the other    B. some other    C. others    D. no matter who
  解析:some…others是固定搭配。答案是C。
  2. the other(+单数可数名词)特指两者中的另一个,常有one…the other(一个……另一个……)的搭配;其复数形式the others或“the other +复数名词”特指在某些人或物中,除去一部分后,“其余的”“剩下的”人或物。
  No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of the other.
  3. another还可用于“another+基数词或few+复数名词”中,与“数词或some+more/other +复数名词”相当。
  If you want to change for a double room you'll have to pay another $1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )5.
  4. 注意下列固定用法:other than(除……外), each other, one another(相互), one after another(一个接一个), “any other +单数名词”(别的/其他的任何一个)。
  In that case, there is nothing you can do other than wait.
  5. else只能放在复合不定代词或者疑问词后。
  I don’t think we’ve met before. You’re taking me for someone else.
  6. the rest既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词。而another, other, others, the
other(s)只能代替可数名词。
  I have done much of the work. Could you please finish the rest in two days
考点1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )2 every-, some-,any-,no-与thing,one,body构成的复合不定代词
  这类不定代词有everything(一切事,最重要的事);everyone =everybody (每个人,所有人); something(某事,重要的人或事物);someone =somebody(某/有人,重要的人); anything(什么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物), anyone =anybody(任何人,无论谁,重要的人); nothing(没有东西,什么也没有,不重要的人或事);no one=nobody(没有人,不重要的人)等。它们还与别有词构成很多习语,如for nothing(徒劳,免费),nothing but(仅仅,只不过),等等。
  Playing tricks on others is something we should never do.
连词部分
  连词是一种虚词,用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子,在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子,如and, but, or, for等;从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等),引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等,引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。
考点1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ):并列连词的用法
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). 表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 but, yet 等。though/although不和but连用,但可以喝yet连用,此时yet为副词。
  He said he was our friend, yet he wouldn’t help us. 他说他是我们的朋友,但却不肯帮助我们.
  2. 表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 for, so 等,for表示原因通常不能放句首,也不能单独使用。
  You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors.
  你们一定要克服粗枝大叶,因为粗枝大叶常常引起严重的错误。
  3. 表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 and, or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but (also), both…and, as well as等。如果连接并列主语时,要注意主谓一致的规则。
考点2:从属连词的用法
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). 引导各种从句的从属连词众多。一种从句有多个从属连词,同时一个从属连词也可以引导多种从句,但是每种从句常用的连词有一定规则,因此要记住哪些从句可以用哪些连词,有什么区别。
  2. 要记住一些用法比较复杂的连词的用法,比如while, before, 以及名词、介词短语、分词短语等充当连词引导从句的情况。
易错点点拨:
下列情况也用宾格:
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). 在be后作表语。
  —Who is it —It’s me. —谁?—是我呀。
  2. 在单独使用或带not的简略回答中。如:
  —Who broke the cup —谁打破了杯子?
  —Me! (Not me!) —我!(不是我!)
  —I like swimming. —我喜欢游泳。
  —Me too. —我也是。
  3. 在感叹疑问句中做主语,以引起强调。如:
  —You can tell him. —你可以告诉他。
  —Me tell him Not likely!—我告诉他?不可能!
  4. 在下列之类的祈使句中:
  He’s got to repay the money—poor him. 他得偿还这笔钱——可怜的他呀!
(3):代词、连词真题解析
1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )浙江卷,7) Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as ________ else.
  A. anything    B. something    C. anywhere    D. somewhere
  答案与解析:C 考查代词。句意为“人们喜爱幽默,所以,在谈话中或者别的什么地方的幽默都受人欢迎。”疑问副词anywhere与else连用,表示(除了in conversation的)其他任何地方,表示场合。而anything和something是表示超越场合的事物。
  2.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )四川卷,3)There is ____________in his words. We should have a try.
  A. something    B. anything    C. nothing    D. everything
  答案与解析:A 考查代词。句意为“他的话有些道理,我们应该试一试。”something不简单的事,可观的成绩,有些地位的人。
  3.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )重庆卷,27)——Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.
            ——What do you think of ____________over there
  A. the one    B. this    C. it    D. that
  答案与解析:D 考查指示代词的用法。句意为“——我真傻!想不起来自己的行李是什么样子的。——你看看那边的是不是你的?”指示代词that指时间与空间上较远的事物,over there交代了空间上的远距离。this指时间与空间上较近的事物,luggage为不可数名词,不能用the one指代;it特指前面曾经交代过的事物。
  4.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )陕西卷,1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )6)——Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear
            —— ____________one
  A. Other    B. Every    C. Another    D. More
  答案与解析:C 考查不定代词与数词的连用。句意为“——亲爱的,可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来?——还要吃一块?” Other, Every, another 与数词连用时,数词放在another的后面,如another three chairs;other和more与数词连用时,数词放在它们的前面,如one more apple, two other boys。
  5.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )湖南卷,24)I knew that _____ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director.
  A. something    B. anything    C. everything    D. nothing
  答案与解析:D 考查不定代词的用法。句意为“我知道没有什么能够阻止他;他决不会放弃做一名导演的念头。”根据后面“never give up”可知前面相应地也要用否定性的不定代词nothing。
  6.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )辽宁卷,27) ——Would you like tea or coffee
            ——__________, thank you. I've just had some water.
  A. Either    B. Both    C. Any    D. Neither
  答案与解析:D 考查不定代词。句意为“——你是想喝茶还是咖啡?——谢谢你,都不想喝。我刚才已经喝了水了。”通过后面“I've just had some water”可以判定是拒绝tea 和coffee。neither“两者中哪个都不”,其所指范围是两个人或物;either表示“两者中的任何一个”;both“两个都”,修饰可数名词,统指两者;any用于肯定句,作“任何的”解。
  7.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )江西卷25)Why don’t you bring _____ to his attention that you’re too ill to work on
  A. that    B. it    C. his    D. him
  答案与解析:B 考查代词it作形式宾语的用法。句意为“为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能工作?”it作形式宾语,指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句。
  8.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )全国卷II,1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )) I got this bicycle for ____________;my friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.
  A. everything    B. something    C. anything    D. nothing
  答案与解析:D 考查复合不定代词的用法。句意为“我没花钱就得了这辆自行车;我的朋友买了一辆新车,就把这辆给了我。”根据后面“gave it to me”可判断没花钱,nothing表否定,for表示交换。
  9.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )北京卷,34)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase ____________.
  A. them    B. those    C. it    D. that
  答案与解析:C 考查代词it的用法。句意为“由于当地政府的努力,大城市里的就业率持续升高。”it代指前面交代过的“the employment rate”,是单数,而them和those是复数。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )0.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )天津卷,1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))We feel___________our duty to make our country a better place.
  A. it    B. this    C. that    D. one
  答案与解析:A 考查代词it的用法。句意为“我们觉得将我们的国家变得更好是我们的职责。”it在此句中充当形式宾语,代指“to make our country a better place”。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )山东卷,24) The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other.
  A. it    B. them    C. her    D. that
  答案与解析:A 考查it的用法。句意为“这两个女孩长得很相似,不熟悉的人很难将她俩区分开来。”it在此句中充当形式宾语,代指“to tell one from the other”。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )2.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )福建卷,21 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose ____ based on your own interests.
  A. either    B. each    C. one    D. it
  答案与解析:C 考查不定代词one的用法。句意为“在你们的假期里,我们这儿有各种暑期夏令营,你们可以根据自己的兴趣任选一个。”one代替单数可数名词,表泛指,相当于“a/an + 单数名词”。这里泛指某个summer camp夏令营。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )3.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )安徽卷,22)Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made_____ almost an overcoat for her.
  A. them    B. her    C. itself    D. herself
  答案与解析:C 考查反身代词的用法。句意为“令人惊叹的是,Susan美丽的长发垂到她的膝盖下面,就像一件外套似的。”反身代词itself指的是前面提到的beautiful hair。而them、her和herself指的都是人。
(4):代词、连词专题训练
one the one it this that
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). When I go to college,I will definitely need a car,but I don't have the money to buy 
    ______ now.
  2. All the cars on show look fabulous,especially______ with gilt doors.
  3. I like one of the cars on exhibition very much,but I don't have enough money to buy
    ______.
  4. The car parked in front of our house is shabbier than ______ in front of your house.
  little a little few a few
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). There are ______ minutes left.You'd better burry up,or we will miss the train.
  2. There are ______ minutes left.Take it easy.
  3. There is ______ time left.How can we finish the job in such a hurry
  4. There is still ______ time 1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )eft.Don't worry!
  other others the other the others another
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). The soldiers have served in American military bases in Japan,South Korea and several
    ______ countries.
  2. This pair of shoes is too big.Would you please show me ______ pair
  3. Among the seven students,three are girl while ______ four are boys.
  4. I have seven glasses.Three of them are broken and ______ are dirty.
  5. During the cleaning,some students are sweeping away the rubbish,some are mopping the
    floor,and ______ are tidying the desks.
  no one nothing none nobody
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). I'm a stranger here,so I know ______ of them.
  2. The newspaper is just about meetings or conferences.I can see ____ interesting in it.
  3. Who is in the office now
    _____________________________________________________
  4. How many deaths are caused by the traffic accident
    ______________________________________________________
  because since as for
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). —Why didn't you phone me last night
    —________ I didn't want to disturb you.
  2. It must have rained last night,________ the ground is wet now.
  3. ________ everyone is here,let's begin our meeting.
  4. ________ he wasn't ready in time,we went without him.
  while but however
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). It looked like rain,________,it is clear this morning.
  2. She said that it was so,she was mistaken,________.
  3. The film is short ________ interesting.
  4. Mr. Smith is rather thin,________ his wife is very fat.
  5. _______ I admit he is good at his math,I don't think he is a gifted boy.
完成下列句子
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).His composition is better than ________________________.(其他任何人的)
  2.________________________________________(他在会上所说的) astonished everyone present.
  3._____________________________________(我,你,他) will be sent to look into this case.
  4.Those _____________________________________(想去游泳的人) please sign up here.
  5.—Kate,you clean the room at once!
    —______________________________(为什么是我呢) Jane is standing there doing nothing!
  6.Take __________________(随便哪一半),they're exactly the same.
  7.I have two sisters.________(一个是)is a teacher,and _________(另一个)is an engineer.
  8.—Who is knocking at the door
    —__________________(是我),Mary.
翻译句子
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).—你的实验完成了吗
    —还没有。我还要五分钟才能完成。
    ________________________________________
  2.请给我一点墨水,什么颜色都行。
    ________________________________________
  3.我简直不能相信在一个如此高度发达的国家中还有这么多贫困的人。
    ________________________________________
  4.他们两个都知道自己错了,但谁也不愿开口道歉。
    ________________________________________
  5.昆明的天气不会太冷或太热。气候十分宜人。(neither...nor)
    ________________________________________________
  6.你最好带把伞,以防万一下雨。(in case)
    ________________________________________________
  7.既然你来了,就留下来过一夜吧。(now that,since)
    ________________________________________________
  8.我在街上走的时候,遇到了一个老朋友。(as)
    ________________________________________________
单选选择
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). My grandma still treats me like a child. She can’t imagine ______ grown up.
  A. my    B. mine    C. myself    D. me
  2. Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed ______ to______
    and then posted it at the nearby post office.
  A. it; her    B. it; herself    C. herself; her    D. herself; herself
  3. I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately ______couldn’t spare me
    even one minute.
  A. they    B. one    C. who    D. it
  4. —Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
    —Why_____ John is sitting there doing nothing.
  A. him    B. he    C. I    D. me
  5. Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _____.
  A. him and her    B. his and hers
  C. his and her    D. him and hers
  6. —Is your camera like Bill’s and Ann’s
    —No, but it’s almost the same as ______.
  A. her    B. yours    C. them    D. their
  7. The boy promised _____mother never to lie to _____again.
  A. his, him    B. her, her    C. her, him    D. his, her
  8. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of _____.
  A. their    B. theirs    C. her    D. hers
  9. —Who called me this morning when I was out
    —A man calling ______ Robert.
  A. him    B. himself    C. his    D.不填
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )0. You will find as you read fiats book that you just can’t keep some of these stones
    to ______. You will want to share them with a friend.
  A. itself    B. yourself    C. himself    D. themselves
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). If you can’t decide which of the two books to borrow, why don’t you take ______ I
    won’t read them this week.
  A. all    B. any    C. either    D. both
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )2. You may drop in or just give me a call. ______ will do.
  A. Either    B. Each    C. Neither    D. All
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )3. —Which driver was to blame
    —Why, _________! It was the child’s fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out
     between two parked cars.
  A. both    B. each    C. either    D. neither
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )4. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always ______ much
    to do.
  A. such    B. that    C. more    D. very
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )5. It is easy to do the repair. _____you need is a hammer and some nails.
  A. Something    B. All    C. Both    D. Everything
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )6. ―Would you like _____, sir
    ―No, thanks. I have had much.
  A. some more oranges    B. any more oranges
  C. some more orange    D. any more orange
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )7. —Why don't we take a little break
    —Didn't we just have ________
  A. it    B. that    C. one    D. this
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )8. One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ______.
  A. the other is white    B. another white
  C. the other white     D. another is white
  答案与解析:
选词填空
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). (1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))one   (2)the one  (3)it       (4)that/the one
  2.(1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))few   (2)e few   (3)little     (4)a little
  3.(1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))other  (2)another  (3)the other    (4)the others   (5)others
  4.(1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))none   (2)nothing  (3)No one/Nobody (4)None
  5.(1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))Because (2) for   (3) Since     (4) As
  6. (1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ))However (2) however (3) but      (4) while     (5) While
完成句子
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). anyone else's    2.What he said at the meeting
  3. You,he and I    4.Who want to go swimming
  5.Why me        6.either half
  7.One is...the other  8.It's me
翻译句子
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).—Have you finished your experiment
    —No.I'll finish it in another five minutes/in five more minutes.
  2.Please give me some ink.Any color will do.
  3.1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) can’t believe that in.such a developed country there are still so many poor
    people.
    I can't believe that in so developed a country there are still many such poor people.
  4.They both knew they were wrong,but neither was willing to apologize。
  5.The weather in Kunming is neither too hot nor too cold.The climate is very pleasant.
  6.You'd better take an umbrella with you,in case that it rains/in case of rain.
  7.Now that you are now,stay here for the night.
  8.As I was walking on the street,I met an old friend of mine.
单选选择
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). 由语境可知“她没想到我已成年了”,应当用宾格me作imagine的宾语;短语形容词grown up(成熟
    的,成年的)作宾补。答案是D。
  2. 由address sth. to sb. (在信件或包裹上写上收件人的姓名及地址) 可知,Catherine在买来的明
    信片上写上她自己的姓名及地址。答案是B。
  3. 句中a friend (=one of my friends) 泛指我的朋友中的任何一个,代替名词my friends,且在
    but后的并列句中做主语用they。答案是A。
  4. 感叹疑问句或省略句中用人称代词的宾格。答案是D。
  5. 在句中作表语,指“他的邮票和她的邮票”用his and her (=his stamps and her stamps)。答案
    是B。
  6. 与it(=my camera)相比的应是your camera,与“形容词性物主代词+名词”相当的应是名词性物主
    代词,yours=your camera。答案是B。
  7. 形容词性物主代词his作mother的定语;宾格人称代词her作介词to的宾语。答案是D。
  8. of要与名词性物主代词一起作定语,排除A和C;又因Kate and her sister是复数,排除D。答案是
    B。
  9. 考查反身代词。因为“call sb./oneself+某名”就是“叫某人/自称某名字”;句意是“一个自称
    罗伯特的人”,用himself。答案是B。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )0. 主语是you,要用yourself;to oneself是习语,指某人“独自享用,不与他人共享”。答案是B。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). 由前后语境来看,应是建议对方将两本书都拿去看。答案是D。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )2. 由前句可知是指两者中的“任何一个”,用either。答案是A。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )3. 由后文It was the child’s fault, clear and simple.可知,应答者认为“两个司机都不应负
    责”,用neither。答案是D。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )4. much前用so, 不用such。口语中,常用that来代替so。答案是B。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )5. 句意是“你只需要锤子和钉子”;选all,其后接you need,表示“唯一的事物(=the only
    thing)”。答案是B。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )6. 由答语中的much可知,对话中的orange是指“桔子汁”而非“桔子”,是不可数名词,没有复数形
    式,排除选项A和B;在劝请的疑问名中用some不用any,排除选项D。答案是A。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )7. 由上文可知,答语应是Didn’t we just have a rest (我们刚才不是休息了一会儿吗?);替代
    a break用one。答案是C。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )8. board(木板)自然是两面,一面漆成黄色,(两面中的)另一面漆成白色。答案是C。
(5)短文改错精讲精练知识讲解
明确误项设置,精准改正错误
                       ——短文改错精讲精练
  同学们往往觉得要找到短文的错误很难,得分总是不高。这主要是命题老师往往在学生运用英语的过程容易忽略和出错的地方设错。为了提高短文改错题的解题能力,同学们一方面要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力,了解句子、段落容易出错的方面。另外,还应该对考题错项设置的基本情况有所了解,做题时直奔易错点去,而不是漫无目的地找,从而提高解题的效率和正确率。
短文改错口诀:
  动词形,名词数;
  还要注意形和副;
  非谓动词细辨别;
  习惯用法要记住;
  句子成分多分析;
  逻辑错误须关注。
一、动词形
  主要包括两类错误:动词的时态和语态错误,以及主、谓不一致的错误。例如:
  (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )高考英语全国新课标卷)
  ... I feel very happy that I could change my clothes at last.(把feel改为felt)
  ...but the only clothes I had was those I had on.(把was改为were)
  上述两例分别属于时态错误和主、谓不一致错误。找出此类错误的关键是树立牢固的时态概念,注意短文内容发生或存在的时间,保持时间概念的一致性。
二、名词数
  指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。常表现为将名词复数写成单数,或将单数写成复数。例如:
  (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )高考英语全国新课标卷)
  It felt very strange to travel without my luggages. (把luggages改为luggage)
  (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )高考英语全国大纲卷)
  One of my unforgettable memory of my school in... (把memory改为memories)
三、区分形和副
  及区分形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错的常考点。例如:
  (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )高考英语四川卷)
  He had time for a properly breakfast and... (把properly改为proper)
  (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )高考英语重庆卷)
  Although her English is a little hardly to understand,... (把hardly改为hard)
  需要注意的是,形容词多用来做定、表、补语等,而副词只能在句子中作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。
四、非谓动词细辨别
  这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有分词和动名词类错误,也包括不定式类错误。例如:
  (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )高考英语辽宁卷)
  Wayne Tyler, who..., decided to making his finds known. (把making改为make)
  Follow this explanation,there was a rapid drop in... (把follow改为following)
  (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )高考英语全国新课标卷)
  I was at the Shanghai Railway station buy a ticket to... (把buy改为buying)
  上述第一例是用不定式短语做目的状语;第二、三例是现在分词做状语。一般地,现在分词有主动态和进行时的含义,而过去分词具有被动态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的含义。
五、习惯用法要记住
  主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识。这也是历年高考的常考点,其错误表现形式主要有三种:多词、少词和搭配错误。例如:
  (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )高考英语全国新课标卷)
  I was going to... and after that I would go to Xiamen for long holiday.(应该是for a holiday)
  (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )高考英语浙江卷)
  There was one on particular I’d always wanted. (把on改为in, in particular为固定搭配)
六、句子成分多分析
  不同的句子成分要用不同的词类;不同的语景要选择不同的词语。这些都有待我们对句子结构和句子成分作细致的分析,才能找出用词不当的错误。例如:
  (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )高考英语浙江卷)
  I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to(去掉to) playing with toy or faced(改为face) my cousin again.
  第一处enjoy后直接跟doing 做宾语,不需要to;第二处则是没有理解face在句中和enjoy一样紧接be able to,用动词原形。
七、逻辑错误须关注
  与句子的上、下文不一致,甚至相矛盾,属于逻辑性错误。如称谓上的张冠李戴,人名、地名、时间、方位等方面的错误,常是这类错误的考查对象。例如:
  (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )高考英语辽宁卷)
  Wayne Tyler, who... They wrote an article, which said that...(根据上文逻辑,应把They改为He)
  (201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )高考英语浙江卷)
  Since his family was rich than mine.(把rich改为richer,此处表示比较,应用比较级)
  除了上述错误类型外,常考的错误形式还有:连词but, and, or和so的用法错误(可以归类为逻辑错误),以及冠词的用法错误等。例如:
  She was smiling but nodding at me. (and)
  It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest. (or)
  We may be one family and live under a same roof. (the)
语法口诀要记牢:
  (一)见到谓语找主语,主谓一致找状语;
     见到名词想多数,可不可数要记牢;
     见到平行看结构,形式功能要对称;
     见到代词找指代,指代通常不合理;
     带宾语必带to,不带宾语不带 to;
     小小of常抓的点,of前名词adj最高级;
     比较级不修饰比较级,最高级不修饰最高级。
  (二)谓与非谓经常混,
     谓语句中就一个,
     其余动词非谓语;
     常见形式有三种:
     v-ing ,v-ed和to do;
     主谓通常v-ing,
     动宾通常v-ed,
     现在分词表主动,
     过去分词表被动,
     目的要用不定式。
     by前过分来相拥,
     by后动名词后抱;
     介词后跟动名词。
     时态基点要看准,
     现在还是过去时。
(6):短文改错精讲精练专题训练
(一)
  I have noticed that much of the fiction and nonfiction works publishing in Teen Magazine have a happy ending.While these are pleasantly to read,one has to ask how it is possible that there is so much optimism.I’m all for positive thinking,and readers should also be exposed by the darker side of life.Why publish a story about someone whose experiences a tragedy and gets nothing in return After all,that’s life.
  Not every story have a happy ending.I think this would benefit from Teen Magazine’s readers to see both kinds:happy and real
                     (二)
  When I was a senior in a high school,I had a teacher calling Mrs Smith.She taught English and she has an important effect on me.She was fill of love for us.She had our class to make posters and hang it around the school.She taught us that one kindly act can go long way.Well,Mrs Smith passed away just a couple of year ago after a long battle with the breast cancer.I’ll never forget how a wonderful and sweet lady she was.I am truly blessed to have been known her.I am going to be a teacher like her and I’ll always remember her kindness.
                     (三)
  China is an ancient civilization with cultures dating hack more than 4000 year.Basic elements for the modern world such as paper,gunpowder,paper money,or compasses originated in China.Today,China is again at the forefront of world,with Chinese goods reach all parts of the world.The Chinese culture have also fascinated many people.In the Shaolin Monasteries,the Great Wall of China or the Forbidden City of Beijing,China has its unique arts and architectures that what draw thousands of visitors every year.The Chinese food is equal popular around the world and it is loved by much non-Chinese.But in China,the food can found in great varieties and is different in region to region.So join us and experience all these.
                     (四)
  At first I was not quite willing to sit down and watched the 90-minute football match.Usually I just checked the results because I thought that was dull to watch a game in that players kicked a ball to each other.Therefore,my father loves football During the World Cup in 2006,my dad stays up late just to watch his favourite sport.Seeing him strong interest in this game of 22 men run after a ball,I decided to sit down to watch the game,I found game exciting,and my dad explained for the rules.We shared our joy.Football is not too badly as long as I watch it with my dad!
                     (五)
  When Jack bowed to someone,he always did it much too quickly.They needn’t to wait any longer after he finished nodding his head.So he was bland for no manner.Then a warm-hearted man teaches him,“When you bow to somebody next time,you can count the January,February,March,until December.Then you can lift your body.Thus,the ceremony will almost perfect”.The next day,he met his uncle,but be did as the man told him to.The bow was too long that it made his uncle escape soon with a surprising look.When Jack looked down,he found his uncle gone.So he asked a passer-by,“In which month did she go away ”
                      (六)
  In order to be successful,you should first of all never give up whatever happen.If you fail,you should never lose heart.In the contrary,you must build up your confidence or work even harder.You should always remember that working hard was the key to success,Besides,you should pay a great attention to your working methods.That is necessary for you to take every chance improve them.Finally,you should try to get along well with your co-workers,cared for each other and helping each other.If you follow these rule,you will certain achieve great success in the future.
答案与解析部分
                    (一)
  I have noticed that much of the fiction and nonfiction works publishing in Teen
             many                 published
Magazine have a happy ending.While these are pleasantly to read,one has to ask
                       pleasant
how it is possible that there is so much optimism.I’m all for positive thinking,and
                                          but
readers should also be exposed by the darker side of life.Why ∧ publish a story about
                to              not
someone whose experiences a tragedy and gets nothing in return After all,that’s life.
    who/that
  Not every story have a happy ending.I think this would benefit Teen
           has            it
Magazine’s readers to see both kinds:happy and real.
  答案解析:
  第一处:works指“作品”时为可数名词,应该用many而不是much修饰;
  第二处:publishing in Teen Magazine作为works的定语,跟所修饰的名词为被动关系,该用过去分
      词;
  第三处:做表语应该用形容词而不是副词,把pleasantly改为pleasant.
  第四处:and的上下文是转折而不是并列关系,把and改为but.
  第五处:be exposed to 为固定搭配,意为“遭受,暴露于……”。
  第六处:Why not... 是表示提建议的固定句型,所以在why后加上not.
  第七处:在这个定语从句someone whose experiences a tragedy and gets nothing in return 中,
      需要关系代词而不是whose充当从句的主语,把whose改为who/ that.
  第八处:every story为单数名词,谓语应该用单数,把have改为has.
  第九处:在本句中,it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为后面的不定式,this不能做形式宾语,改为it.
  第十处:benefit做动词意为“有益于, 得益”;benefit from意为“从……受益”,去掉from.
                    (二)
  When I was a senior in a high school,I had a teacher calling Mrs Smith.She
                             called
taught English and she has an important effect on me.She was fill of love for us.She
            had                 full
had our class make posters and hang it around the school.She taught us that one
                    them
kindly act can go ∧ long way.Well,Mrs Smith passed away just a couple of year ago
kind       a                           years
after a long battle with the breast cancer.I’ll never forget how a wonderful and sweet
                                what
lady she was.I am truly blessed to have known her.I am going to be a teacher
like her and I’ll always remember her kindness.
  答案解析:
  第一处:calling Mrs Smith做teacher的定语,和被修饰的名词是被动关系,用过去分词;
  第二处:本文讲述的过去的事情,应该用过去式
  第三处:fill为动词;be full of为固定搭配;
  第四处:本句的结构为have sb do sth(让……做……),应该省略to.
  第五处:指代前面posters用复数代词them;
  第六处:修饰名词act应该用形容词kind而不是副词;
  第七处:a long way一段很长的路程,加上a;
  第八处:a couple of修饰复数名词,years应该改为复数。
  第九处:forget所带宾语从句中的表语部分用what, how的后面应该紧跟形容词或副词。
  第十处:此处应该是“主动”了解她,故应该用to do的主动完成形式to have known.
                      (三)
  China is an ancient civilization with cultures dating hack more than 4000 year.
                                       years
Basic elements for the modern world such as paper,gunpowder,paper money, or
                                      and
compasses originated in China.Today,China is again at the forefront of ∧ world,with
                                    the
Chinese goods reach all parts of the world.The Chinese culture have also fascinated
       reaching                    has
many people.In the Shaolin Monasteries,the Great Wall of China or the Forbidden
City of Beijing,China has its unique arts and architectures that draw thousands
of visitors every year.The Chinese food is equal popular around the world and it is
                      equally
loved by much non-Chinese.But in China,the food can ∧ found in great varieties and is
     many                   be
different in region to region.So join us and experience all these.
     from
  答案解析:
  第一处:4000年应该用year的复试形式years,因为此处不是做主语表一段时间。
  第二处:“四大发明”之间是并列关系而不是选择关系,把or改为and.
  第三处:此处world指前文出现过的the modern world,第二次出现该加the,
  第四处:在本句中,with为介词,Chinese goods是介词的宾语,作为介词宾语的补语应该用非谓语形
      式而不是谓语形式。
  第五处:“The Chinese culture”是单数概念,谓语形式用单数has。
  第六处:关系代词that在本句中充当定语从句的主语,不能再用what充当从句的主语,是为重复。
  第七处:此处修饰be popular的 应为副词equally, 因为形容词修饰名词代词,副词修饰动词、副词
      等。
  第八处:non-Chinese指“非中国人”,是可数名词,表示复数,用many限定。
  第九处:本句的主语为the food,是“被发现”,在句中作谓语,用被动语态的谓语结构can be done.
  第十处:from region to region ”是“从一个地区到另一个地区”的意思。
                      (四)
  At first I was not quite willing to sit down and watched the 90-minute football
                           watch
match.Usually I just checked the results because I thought that was dull to watch a
                               it
game in that players kicked a ball to each other.Therefore,my father loves football
    which                   However
During the World Cup in 2006,my dad stays up late just to watch his favourite
                  stayed
sport.Seeing him strong interest in this game of 22 men run after a ball,I decided to
                            running
sit down to watch the game,I found ∧ game exciting,and my dad explained the
                  the
rules.We shared our joy.Football is not too badly as long as I watch it with my dad!
                        bad
  答案解析:
  第一处:and连接并列的不定式结构,应用动词原形。
  第二处:it在thought后面的宾语从句中作形式主语。
  第三处:in which构成介词加关系代词型的定语从句。
  第四处:however表示转折,放在句首、句中或句末,通常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。
  第五处:本文主体时态是一般过去时。
  第六处:his修饰后面的名词interest。
  第七处:running after a ball是现在分词短语修饰men。
  第八处:found后加the,the game特指前面的足球运动。
  第九处:explain为及物动词,for应删除。
  第十处:形容词修饰名词。
                      (五)
  When Jack bowed to someone,he always did it much too quickly.They needn’t
wait any longer after he finished nodding his head.So he was bland for no manner.
                                     manners
Then a warm-hearted man teaches him,“When you bow to somebody next time,
            taught
you can count January,February,March,until December.Then you can lift your body.
Thus,the ceremony will ∧ almost perfect”.The next day,he met his uncle,
            be
but be did as the man told him to.The bow was too long that it made his uncle
and                     so
escape soon with a surprising look.When Jack looked down,he found his uncle
          surprised            up
gone.So he asked a passer-by,“In which month did she go away ”
                           he
  答案解析:
  第一处:此处用了needn’t,表明用作情态动词,情态动词后接动词原形,去掉to.
  第二处:manner意为“态度、礼貌”是用复数形式。
  第三处:本文讲述的是过去发生的事情,老师是“过去”教他,用过去的动词谓语,teach改为taught.
  第四处:月份的前面不需要定冠词,去掉the.
  第五处:引号中的话为直接引语,will为助动词,perfect为形容词,需要补充be动词,构成将来时的
      “主系表”结构。
  第六处:“...he met his uncle”和“he did as...”两个动作之间是承接关系而不是转折关系,用
      and不用but.
  第七处:本句的句子结构为“so...that...”句型结构,把too改为so.
  第八处:从上文看,应该是带着一副“感到惊奇”的表情,用surprised.
  第九处:结合上文逻辑,Jack是低着头的,他只有“looked up”,才发现情况。
  第十处:根据上文,离开的是uncle,用he指代。
                      (六)
  In order to be successful,you should first of all never give up whatever happen.
                                       happens
If you fail,you should never lose heart.In the contrary,you must build up your
                     On
confidence or work even harder.You should always remember that working hard was
      and                              is
the key to success,Besides,you should pay great attention to your working methods.
That is necessary for you to take every chance ∧ improve them.Finally,you should try
It                     to
to get along well with your co-workers, cared for each other and helping each other.
                    caring
If you follow these rule,you will certain achieve great success in the future.
          rules     certainly
  答案解析:
  第一处:在give up所带宾语从句中,whatever是从句主语,谓语应该用“三单”形式,happens.
  第二处:On the contrary为固定搭配。
  第三处:“build up your confidence”和“work even harder”之间是承接关系,用and代替or.
  第四处:本文所述道理为一般道理,用现在时态,把was改为is.
  第五处:pay attention to为固定短语,不含有不定代词a.
  第六处:本句的真正主语为不定式短语,只能用it而不是that来做形式主语,把that改为it.
  第七处:take every chance的目的是“improve them”,插入to做目的状语。
  第八处:本句已有谓语should try,那么care只能做伴随状语,对句子的主语而言是“主动”关爱彼
      此,用现在分词形式。
  第九处:上文列举几条规则,则此处rule应用复数形式rules.
  第十处:谓语部分为will achieve,修饰谓语的词应为副词,故用certainly代替certain.
(7):非谓语动词真题解析
 1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·天津卷)7. Passeagers are permitted ________ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane. 
  A. to carry    B. carrying    C. to be carried    D. being carried
  答案与解析:选A。句意:乘客只允许带一个手提行李包登机。本句所用结构为sb be permitted to do。
  2.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·江西卷)32. On hearing a phone call from his wife _____ she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.  
  A. says    B. said    C. saying    D. to say
  答案与解析:选C。戈登先生一听到他妻子打电话说摔了一跤,马上离开办公室匆忙往家赶。此处用了on doing (一……就……)结构;saying 此处表达的意思是“内容是……,涉及……”。
  3.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·天津卷)1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )2.______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. 
  A. Translating     B. Translated    C. To translate    D. Having translated
  答案与解析:选B。根据句意可知,translate与sentence之间是动宾关系,且动作已经完成,用动词的过去分词形式。
  4.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·北京卷)25. It’s important for the figures ___________regularly. 
  A. to be updated    B. to have been updated    C. to update    D. to have updated
  答案与解析:选A。句中的时间状语regularly表示经常发生,排除B,D两项;又因为figures是被更新的,因此排除C。
  5.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·四川卷)2. Lydia does’t feel like ___________abroad. Her parents are old. 
  A. study    B. studying    C. studied    D. to study
  答案与解析:选B。feel like sth/ doing sth 想要某物,想要做某事。句意:Lydia不想出国学习,她的父母都上年纪了。
  6.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·四川卷)1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). Simon made a big bamboo box ________ the little sick bird till it could fly. 
  A. keep    B. kept    C. keeping    D. to keep
  答案与解析:选D。句意:Simon做了一个大竹筐饲养那只生病的小鸟,直到它能飞起来。此处用不定式做目的状语。
  7.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·四川卷)1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )6. ___________an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. 
  A. Offer    B. Offering    C. Offered    D. To offer
  答案与解析:选C。句子主语Andy与offer之间是动宾关系,用过去分词做状语。
  8.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·全国II)1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )8.Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______ nothing about the argument. 
  A. says    B. said    C. to say    D. saying
  答案与解析:选D。say与其逻辑主语Sarah构成主谓关系,因此用现在分词形式作伴随状语。
  9.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·全国II)1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )5.The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. 
  A. joining    B. to join    C. joined    D. having joined
  答案与解析:选C。此处为原因状语,因为join与逻辑主语The island构成被动关系,故用过去分词。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )0.(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·陕西卷)20.More highways have been built in China, __________ it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.  
  A. making    B. made    C. to make    D. having made
  答案与解析:选A。句意:中国又建了一些高速公路,这使得人们从一个地方到另外一个地方的旅行更加容易了。making 是现在分词,在句中作结果状语。不定式表示偶然性很强或者意外的结果,C项不合句意。
  1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ).(201 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )·陕西卷)1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )4. Claire had luggage ________ an hour before her plane left.  
  A. check    B. checking    C. to check    D. checked
  答案与解析:选D。句意:飞机起飞前一个小时Claire把行李进行了安检。check与luggage之间是动宾关系,所以应用过去分词形式表示被动概念,构成“have sth done”结构。
  1 (