江苏省新沂市棋盘中学2021届高三下学期4月第二次阶段性英语考试 Word版含答案（无听力音频，含文字材料）

高三年级第二次阶段性考试英语试卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What's the name of the woman's brother?
A. Lugi. B. Lucinda. C. Giles.
2. Who lives in Montreal?
A. The woman. B. The woman's mother. C. The woman's sister.
3. What kind of movie is the woman's favorite?
A. Science fiction.B. Comedies. C. Action movies.
4. What does the man think of the book?
A. Interesting. B. Boring. C. Frightening.
5. Where are the speakers?
A. In a garden. B. In a restaurant. C. In a supermarket.
第二节（共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题.每 小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What makes the man admire his father most?
A. His father's humor. B. His father's childhood. C. His father's job.
7. What did the man's father do?
A. He was a writer. B. He was a pilot. C. He was a doctor.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Why does the woman dislike her own hat?
A. It is uncomfortable. B. It doesn't fit her. C. It is too old.
9. What will the woman buy?
A. Gloves. B. Jeans. C. Boots.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. How many bedrooms are there in the apartment?
A. Two. B. Four. C. Five.
11. Which room was redecorated?
A. The bathroom. B. One of the bedrooms. C. The living room.
12, What is the apartment equipped with?
A. A parking space.
B. A central heating system.
C. A bedroom overlooking the sea.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is the girl doing?
A. Searching for a missing pet.
B. Looking for a missing toy.
C. Helping the man make a poster.
14. Where did the man last see Charlie?
A. At the park. B. On the grassland. C. On the street.
15. What do we know about Charlie?
A. He is young. B. He has brown eyes. C. He has poor eyesight.
16. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Strangers. B. Neighbors. C. A couple.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When do Swedes celebrate Father's Day?
A. On the third Sunday in June.
B. On the first Sunday in September.
C. On the second Sunday in November.
18. Who is Father's Day in Italy in honor of?
A. Saint Joseph. B. Mary’s father. C. Jesus Christ.
19. In which country is Father's Day related to the military?
A. Finland. B. Spain. C. Russia.
20. What's people's attitude to failure according to the saying?
A. Concerned. B. Enthusiastic. C. Cold-hearted.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
（共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
（A）
Exercise helps to keep us in good health. Doctors at the American Heart Association suggest getting at least 150 minutes of proper physical activity every week. Many people exercise for a few minutes every day or every other day. So, getting 150 minutes every week is easy.
But what about those times when you are sick? If you do not feel well, should you keep following your exercise habit? Following are the answers from health experts.
Edward R. Laskowski is a doctor at the Mayo Clinic. He and other experts have a general rule about exercising when you are sick. It is usually fine to exercise mildly, he explains, if your symptoms are all 揳bove the neck. These signs may include a runny nose, nasal congestion(鼻塞), sneezing(打喷嚏) or a minor score throat.
Geralyn coopersmith, a physical fitness trainer who has written several books on exercise and nutrition offers similar advice. However, both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest taking a break from exercising if signs of your illness appears “below the neck." Pay special attention to symptoms such as chest congestion( 胸闷), extreme cough or pain in the stomach.
There are other symptoms (症状) that can tell you to avoid exercise. They include a higher than normal body temperature, a sense of feeling extremely tired, and widespread muscle pain.
Both Coopersmith and Dr. Laskowski suggest listening to your body. If you feel really bad, take a break and let your body rest. If you don't feel too bad, these experts both suggest reducing the amount of exercise. For example, if you usually run, take a quick walk instead.
21. Which of the following statements is true?
A. It is a hard thing for people to exercise for 150 minutes every week.
B. It is fine to do light exercise when you have a runny nose and chest congestion.
C. Edward suggests doing exercise when you have muscle pain all over your body.
D. Geralyn holds people can exercise mildly when their symptoms are above the neck.
22. People with symptoms below the neck are advised to .
A. stop exercise B. walk instead of run
C. ignore the symptoms D. cut down the amount of exercise
23. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?
A. Warnings against exercise when you are ill.
B. Harmful effects of exercise when you are ill.
C. Suggested time for exercise when you are ill.
D.Professional tips on exercise when you are ill.
(B)
Whether you admit it or not, people抯 love for Christmas Jumper (毛衣) around Christmas has increased over recent years. And while you may be less willing to get involved in the Christmas jumper trend, Christmas Jumper Day now enables you to do more with your jumper than build up sweat in an incredibly warm office.
The origin of the Christmas jumper can date back to the late 19th century in the USA. Americans in the 1930s knitted(编织) for Christmas to create an item of clothing to keep them “warm” during the Great Depression when people led a poor and miserable life. They copied the jumpers they saw their favorite stars wearing on the big screen. From the 1950s, it was common to see American families wearing festive jumpers as they sat down to eat their Christmas dinner.
Now, alongside wearing a festive jumper for the fun of it, there are other positive outcomes. Christmas Jumper Day has been set up to stimulate people to make the world better and raise funds for Save the Children by wearing a Christmas jumper and making a minimum donation of￡1. Ladbrokes, a company in the UK, is running a competition in which all you have to do is to take a selfie (自拍) outside of one of their shops while wearing a jumper — the winner will win a good prize and for every submission（提交作品），Ladbrokes will donate￡5 to St. Luke抯 Hospice charity. For you, it抯 a win-win situation.
If you抮e still unconvinced that it抯 about time you bought yourself a Christmas jumper, then maybe the fact that Taylor Swift, Justin Bieber and Snoop Dogg have all been spotted wearing Christmas jumpers will raise your enthusiasm. Retailer (零售商) such as Topshop, Burberry and H&M have also become devoted to Christmas Jumper Day and have their very own types of Christmas jumpers.
24. Which statement is true according to paragraph 1?
A. Wearing Christmas jumpers in the office has been a trend.
B. Wearing Christmas jumpers can make you incredibly warm.
C. Christmas jumpers have gained huge popularity.
D. Christmas jumpers serve many functions.
25. For what reason did Americans in the 1930s make Christmas jumpers?
A. To protect them from cold weather. B. To lift their spirits.
C. To follow the stars. D. To form a tradition.
26. The underlined word 搒timulate in paragraph 3 can be replaced by ________.
A. demand B. advise C. encourage D. persuade
27. Why does the author mention Taylor Swift, Justin Bieber and Snoop Dogg?
A. To ask people to donate Christmas jumpers.
B. To show the importance of Christmas Jumper Day.
C. To prove Christmas jumpers are popular among stars.
D. To persuade readers to buy a Christmas jumper.
(C)
On Friday, Shannon Grimm noticed that a 5-year-old girl, Priscilla, in her kindergarten class was really sad and depressed at school, because she was teased by some students, who said that her short hair made her look like a boy.
揥hat is a better way to show them that you can look any way and still be true to yourself than to cut my own hair?” Grimm said to herself. After thinking deeply, she decided to cheer the student up by showing support, so she chopped（剪）her waist-length brown hair into the same pixie cut（精灵短发）as Priscilla's.
Walking into a grocery store or other public places with her new haircut did make Grimm feel awkward. However, she said the temporary discomfort was worth it because she was able to help Priscilla feel better about her appearance. “I don't want my students to ever feel like their confidence is down because of the way people look at them and say things to them. Grimm said.
At a school meeting last week, the little girl Priscilla presented Grimm with a medal for being her hero during a difficult time. More important to Grimm, her creative way works out.
揥ho's beautiful? Grimm asked Priscilla later. 揗e. the girl responded with a smile.
Although Grimm said she missed her long hair, she said the experience had allowed her to better understand Priscilla's feelings. 揝ometimes you just have to experience it. You have to teach them and show them that you're there for them.
Her hair will grow back, but Grimm said she hopes to give a more lasting lesson to her students. It doesn't matter what haircut you have, she said. 揧ou're beautiful no matter what.
28. What made Priscilla teased by her classmates?
A. Her ugly face. B. Her low grades.
C. Her rude manners. D. Her boyish hairstyle.
29. How did Grimm help Priscilla?
A. By cutting her own hair. B. By presenting Priscilla medal.
C. By praising Priscilla in class. D. By criticizing Priscilla's classmates.
30. Why did the little girl answer that she was beautiful?
A. She became a hero. B. She regained confidence.
C. She deserved long hair. D. She had a heroic teacher.
31. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. A depressed little girl. B. A crying little girl.
C. Short hair, more sadness. D. Short hair, loving heart.
(D)
I was still a student pilot at the time, and only my instructor and I were on board. While I was doing a random session of instrument training, I had my blinder goggles down. For those of you wondering, this literally means I cannot see out the windows and can only see down to my instrument panel.
My instructor was giving me instructions, and I was to only rely on the instruments---which also meant that he was my only eyes. So if, for any reason, he saw something he didn抰 like, he抯 say, 揗Y PLANE and take control. Well, we were flying along, and he抯 having me perform various tasks with the blinders down, to teach me about trusting instruments. At one point, my blinder goggles slipped down my nose a little, and I caught a quick glance out the side windows. About 40 feet off my wing was a skydiver with parachute open. I immediately took my goggles off and screamed, 搒kydivers! and my instructor had no idea. He was my only eyes during my training flight, but he had me fly right into the path of skydivers without knowing it. There was a small grass land nearby that sometimes had skydiving flights in the late summer. Thankfully, he quickly pulled the yoke and flew us out of the immediate area, but it still scared me.
Needless to say, he was extremely embarrassed afterward and kept telling me It was an accident and I seriously didn抰 see them. I very well could have killed someone without even knowing it. It gives me a sudden fear every time I think about it.
32. It can be inferred from the passage that .
A. a skydiver might have been killed due to the instructor抯 carelessness
B. a skydiver got into the wrong path of the training plane accidentally
C. The instructor always liked to take control of the plane during flights
D. The instructor performed various tasks with the students blinders down
33. The last paragraph suggests that .
A. The accident made the author lose face
B. The author was unwilling to trust the instructor
C. The author regretted killing someone accidentally
D. The experience left a long-term influence on the author.
34. What can we learn from the passage?
A. To see is to believe
B. One can never be too careful
C. Everything comes to him who waits
D. God helps those who help themselves
35. The underlined word 搇iterally in paragraph 1 probably means .
A. theoretically B. really C. possibly D. finally
第二节 （共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Adjust to a New School
School is a place for students, where they learn to succeed. 36 When you go to a new school, you might worry that you don't know anyone. You worry that you might get lost, or that the teachers are strict. Here are some ways to help you adjust to a new school.
Get to Know the School
Before you start the school, go with your parents to visit the school. 37
Prepare for the First Day
38 Being well rested will help you remove(去除) any nervousness you may be feeling. Try to get at least 8 to 9 hours of sleep if you're between 7 and 17 years old.
Leave early for school. Make sure you leave lots of time in the morning to get to school. 39 Arriving early may also give you a chance to chat with a few other students and hopefully make a few new friends.
Make friends
Take part in activities. Sign up for activities like drama, sports or chess club. This will put you into smaller groups with people who have the same interests as yours. 40 You might even be able to teach some other kids about how to do something.
A. Find out where your classroom will be, as well as other important places.
B. Start off your first day of school with a good night's sleep.
C. Learning the rules of the school will help you adjust to it and will keep you out of trouble.
D. But adjusting to a new school can be difficult.
E. You don抰 want to rush into your classroom after the bell rings.
F. This will also give you a chance to show your skills at a sport or other activities.
G. Go shopping for your supplies (日用品) and make sure you have them all ready to take to school.
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
（共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Even though it was only October, my students were already talking about Christmas plans. With each passing day everyone became more 41 waiting for the final school bell. As soon as the bell
42 everyone would run for their coats and go home, everyone except David.
David was a small boy in ragged clothes. I had often 43 what kind of home life David had, and what kind of mother could send her son to school dressed so 44 for the cold winter months, without a coat, boots, or gloves. But something made David 45 I can still remember he was always 46 a smile and willing to help. He always 47 after school to straighten chairs and mop the floor. We never talked much. He 48 just simply smile and ask what else he could do, then thank me for letting him stay and slowly 49 home.
Weeks passed and the 50 over the coming Christmas grew into restlessness until the last day of 51 before the holiday break. I smiled in 52 as the last of them hurried out the door. Turning around I saw David 53 standing by my desk
揑 have something for you, he said and 54 from behind his back a small box, 55 it to me, he said worriedly, " Open it. " I took the box from him, thanked him and slowly unwrapped it. I lifted the lid and to my 56 saw nothing. I looked at David抯 smiling face and back into the box and said, 揟he box is nice,David,but it抯 57
揙h no it isn抰, said David. 揑t抯 full of love. My mum told me before she died that love is something you couldn抰 see or touch unless you know it抯 there.
Tears filled my eyes 58 I looked at the proud dirty face that I had rarely given 59 to. After that Christmas, David and I became good friends and I never forgot the meaning 60 the little empty box set on my desk.
41. A. eager B. courageous C. serious D. careful
42.A.shouting B. ringing C. calling D. yelling
43.A.sought B. wondered C. realized D. learned
44.A.modestly B. unnaturally C. uncomfortably D. improperly
45.A.popular B. upset C. special D. funny
46.A.expressing B. delivering C. wearing D. sharing
47.A.practised B. wandered C. studied D. stayed
48.A.would B. should C. might D. could
49.A.stare at B. turn to C. put off D. head for
50.A.pavement B. excitement C. movement D. judgment
51.A.school B. year C. education D. program
52.A.relief B. return C. reality D. control
53.A.weakly B. sadly C. quietly D. helplessly
54.A.searched B. found C. spotted D. pulled
55.A.holding B. handing C. sending D. leaving
56.A.joy B. expectation C. appreciation D. surprise
57.A.cheap B. empty C. useless D. improper
58.A.as B. until C. because D. though
59.A.advice B. support C. attention D. command
60.A.under B. behind C. over D. towards
（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
?With my high school life 61 (begin), I feel a little anxious right now. I hope to make a good first 62 (impress). But I wonder whether I will make friends or what if no one 63 (talk) to me.
To tell the truth, the math class was difficult for me, 64 the teacher was kind and friendly. He told 65 (we) a funny story and every student laughed so much! In the afternoon, we had our chemistry class in the science lab. The lab is new and the lesson was 66 (interest), but the guy next to me tried to talk to me the whole time. Therefore, I couldn't concentrate 67 the experiment. I 68 (real) wanted to tell him to be quiet and leave me alone!
All in all, the first day is 69 wonderful day. Though I was worried in the morning, I didn't feel awkward or frightened at all. I believe I will make new friends in the new school here and there抯 a lot 70 (explore) at senior high. I think that tomorrow will be a great day!
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（15分）： 假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Tony因考试发挥失常，成绩不理想而情绪低落。请给他写封信表示安慰，要点如下：
1)表示难过和理解；
2)找出错误原因并及时改正；
3)鼓励他重拾自信，实现梦想。
注意： 1)词数80左右；
2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3)开头和结尾已为你写好。
Dear Tony,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________






Yours
Li Hua
第二节（25分）：
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It had been a few months since our beloved boxer Bama had passed away. He’d lived a good, long life. Alan and I didn’t have children. Our boxer was our baby. After Bama’s death, we couldn抰 bring ourselves to go through his toys to decide what to keep, so we put them all in the basement. I told myself I抎 do it when I was ready. Apparently, I still wasn抰.
Now I sat in my yard and wept. Friends and family had suggested we get another dog, but Alan and I dismissed the idea. We couldn抰 go through that kind of heartbreak again.
I gazed out over the yard. Across the street was a dog. A boxer. I wiped the tears from my eyes, heart beating wildly. Was he real or just my wishful imagination? I took a second look. The boxer was still there. We locked eyes. He ran across the street, straight toward me. I offered my hand. He sniffed it eagerly, bushy tail wagging. He licked me.
This dog was younger than Bama, smaller. He was well-fed and clean. He wore a collar but had no ID. I knew he must belong to someone in the neighborhood, but I抎 never seen another boxer around.
They dog lay down beside my feet, his tongue lolling in a doggie smile. He didn抰 seem lost. Just as if he were dropping by for a visit.
揂lan! I called. 揧ou have to come see this!
Alan joined me, and we sat together silently for a moment. Then the boxer got up and walked off. In the following days, he抎 sometimes appear in the backyard when Alan and I were outside. Other times, he抎 wait for us on the front porch.
With each visit, I could feel the ache in my heart lessen. Seeing him was helping me work through my deep sorrow.
At work one day, a young man and an older woman I抎 never seen before came in. I took down the man抯 address to complete some paperwork and noticed he lived up the street from me.
His name was Tanner. The woman with him was his grandmother. He and his family had recently moved from Georgia.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Do you happen to have a dog?” I asked.
“Not at all! Actually, he was a big help.” I said.
英语学科答题页 得分
第一部分 听力（30分）
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C C B A B A B A C A A B A B C B C A C C
第二部分 阅读理解（50分）
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35
D A D C B C D D A B D A D A B
36 37 38 39 40
D A B E F
第三部分 语言知识运用（30分）
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
A B B D C C D A D B A A C D B D B A C B
61、 beginning 62、 impression
63、 talks 64、 but
65、 us 66、 interesting
67、 on 68、 really
69、 a 70、 to explore
第四部分 写作（40分）
第一节：（满分15分）
Dear Tony,
I’m sorry to hear that you didn’t do well in your exam and that you are very worried about your study. I quite?understand how you feel now.
There is no doubt that we should keep a good state of mind. As we know, failure is the mother of success. We should spare no efforts to analyze the cause of failure, which could help us find out the mistakes we made and try to make up for the lack of knowledge and skills in those areas. Only in this way can we make great progress in our study.
I hope that by the time this letter reaches you, you抣l be feeling much better. Let抯 work hard together and turn our dream into reality.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 (满分25分)
“Do you happen to have a dog?” I asked. “We do,” he said. “Is he a boxer?” “Yes, my dog Axle is a boxer.” “I have met him on a lot of occasions. He has actually been paying me regular visits.” The moment he heard what I said, Tanner looked surprised and embarrassed. 揑 am so sorry, he said. 揥e are building a fence, but it is not done yet and Axle keeps getting out. I hope he didn抰 cause you all any trouble.
揘ot at all! Actually, he was a big help. I said. I told him about my Bama and the comfort Axle brought to us. It has been three years since that day. Tanner and his family have become good friends of ours. Alan and I see them often梐long with Axle, the boxer who brought all of us together. Now Bama抯 toys don抰 just sit in the basement, gathering dust. Alan and I keep them out for Axle to enjoy whenever he comes over to visit. (150W)
附：听力部分录音材料
(Text 1)
M： You said he named it after you and your brother?
W： Yeah. The cat's name is Lugi and my name is Lucinda and my brother's name is Giles, so it's like “Lu-Gi”.
It's pretty fantastic.
(Text 2)
M：So where does your family live right now?
W： Ah, my mother and my father live in Victoria in Canada and my sister is on the other side of Canada in Montreal, Quebec.
(Text 3)
W： What kind of film do you like best? I like comedies. My favorite actor is Tom Cruise. And you?
M： Science fiction and action movies. I like Dwayne Johnson most.
(Text 4)
M： Have you read John Harrison's latest book, Going Round the Worlds
W：No. How do you feel about it?
M： Well, I laughed out loud all the way through. I want to read it again.
(Text 5)
W：Do you have apple pie on the menu?
M： Yes.
W： And what's your special today?
M： Fried fish and cheesecake.
(Text 6)
W： What's your father like?
M： My father is the most humorous and interesting person I think I have ever known. He told different kinds of stories about his childhood and his growing up.
W：Did he grow up in Canada?
M：No, he grew up in Liverpool, England.
W：0K. And what's your father's job?
M： Ah, he was a pilot until five years ago. However, he had a heart attack and wasn't allowed to fly anymore.
W：Oh, I'm sorry.
M：It's fine.
(Text 7)
W：Do I need to wear special boots for horse-riding lessons?
M： Yes, everyone does. You must also wear a hat We have some good ones at the riding school, so don t worry about that.
W：Oh，good. My father bought me a hat last week, but it's not comfortable.
M： And it's also a good idea to wear some gloves.
W： That's OK. I've got some gloves. My sister had some boots, but they don't fit me. I’ll have to go to the shops and get some. Can I wear my jeans?
M； Jeans are fine.
(Text 8)
W： Hi，what can I do for you?
M：I'm interested in the apartment in Marine Drive, What can you tell me about it?
W： It's on the second floor of a four-storey building. It has two bedrooms and a large living room which overlooks the sea. The kitchen and the bathroom have recently been redecorated.
M： Is it centrally heated?
W： Yes, it's centrally heated throughout.
M：Does it have a parking space?
W： No, but there's plenty of unrestricted parking in Marine Drive and nearby.
M ： How much is it?
W：It's ?140,000, but I believe the owner would be willing to accept an offer.
M； OK. Fil think it over and discuss it with my family.
W： Well. Contact me if you are really interested.
(Text 9)
M： Hey, what's the matter? You look upset.
W：Mr Jackson, I can't find Charlie anywhere. I haven't seen him since this morning.
M：Oh, no. That's terrible! Well, I did see him playing on your front grassland earlier today. Have you spoken to the other neighbors on the street? Maybe they've seen him.
W： Yeah, but nobody else has seen him.
M： Have you thought about creating a “missing" poster?
W： Yes, but my parents haven't gotten back from work yet. Can you help me?
M：Of course. First, you need a picture of him, so people know what he looks like. Then you should mention some other important information about him. How old is he?
W： He's 12 years old, so he isn't exactly young anymore. He has long white hair and he doesn't see very well.
He also has a small brown spot on his back.
M：That's a great start. Fil help you print out some posters, and we'll go and put them up on the telephone poles in the neighborhood. Hopefully — oh, Susie, look who it is!
W： Charlie!
(Text 10)
M： Every year, the United States, Britain, Canada, India, Ireland and Mexico celebrate Father's Day on the third Sunday in June. But some countries choose to celebrate Father's Day at other times of the year. In Australia, Father's Day is celebrated on the first Sunday in September. In Norway, Sweden, and Finland, the holiday falls on the second Sunday in November.
In countries with a Roman Catholic tradition-for example, Italy, Spain, and Portugal桭ather's Day falls on March 19, That is the main feast day of a religious holiday honoring Saint Joseph. He was the husband of Mary, the mother of Jesus Christ.
On February 23-known as Defender of the Fatherland Day or Mens Day-Russians celebrate the important males in their lives, including fathers, brothers, teachers, and even co-workers. Although the holiday has a military history, it has evolved to become somewhat similar to the country's International Women's Day on March 8.
Today we celebrate Father's Day around the world with a father-related expression； Success has many fathers ,but failure is an orphan. The phrase has this meaning ： People are often quick to connect themselves to successful events and distance themselves from failed ones.
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