(共22张PPT)
Unit
6
Nurturing
nature
Period
5 Developing
ideas
(Ⅱ) 写作培优课
写作素养提升
招聘广告(Job
advertisement)
【写作指导】
话题阐释
招聘是常见的书面表达的话题,属于应用文的一种。通常是考查应聘信的写作,招聘广告也是常见类型。
文体概述
招聘广告一般包括以下内容:
1.招聘的职位,注明具体的空缺职位,通常包括工作地点。如果一则广告只有一两项空缺职位,那么招聘的职位就往往用来做招聘广告的标题。
2.工作职责和应聘资格,具体说明空缺职位应担任的主要任务,对应聘者在年龄、学历、经验、特殊才能、个性、居住地等方面提出的具体要求。
3.福利待遇,一般都提得比较笼统。
4.应聘的方法,通过面试、网站、电子邮件等方法应聘。
框架构建
Title
Position:
________________________________________________________
Work
Place:
_____________________________________________________
Requirements:
1.Sex
and
age_____________________________________________________
2.Education_____________________________________________________
3.Language_____________________________________________________
4.Character_____________________________________________________
5.Experience_____________________________________________________
Benefits:
_____________________________________________________
ADD:
_____________________________________________________
TEL(FAX):
_____________________________________________________
CONTACT:
_____________________________________________________
【典题示例】
假定你是某酒店的经理,需要招聘2名酒店前台工作人员,请拟定一份招聘广告,要点如下:
1.职位:
酒店前台工作人员2名
2.要求:
女性,20～28岁优先,大学以上学历,中英文流利,具有团队精神,有工作经验者优先录用
3.待遇:
良好的薪水和福利
4.联系信息:
李经理,电话:
172????????
注意:
1.词数100个左右;
2.注意广告用语;
3.开头与结尾已经给出,不计入总词数。
Step
1 谋篇立意
体裁:
应用文
Tips
Job:
front
desk
agent
Responsibilities:
...
Benefits:
...
时态:
一般现在时
人称:
第三人称
Step
2 语言支架
1.职位:
酒店前台工作人员2名
①_______职位
②front
desk
agent_____________
③用招聘广告用语翻译句子:
___________________________________
position
前台工作人员
Position:
Front
desk
agent(we
need
two)?
2.任职要求:
女性,20～28岁优先,大学以上学历。
①任职要求:
__________________________
②女性:
______;20～28岁优先:
the
_____________are
20-28.?
③大学以上学历:
_________________________?
Requirements/Responsibilities
female
preferred
ages
University
graduate
or
above
3.中英文流利,具有团队精神。
①良好的中英文:
excellent
__________________?
②流利,有耐心,善良:
speak
_______and
with
________and
________
③良好的团队伙伴并且有合作态度:
___________________________________
_______?
④有工作经验者优先录用:
relevant
_________________is
preferred?
Chinese
and
English
fluently
patience
kindness
good
team
player
and
have
a
cooperative
attitude
working
experience
4.福利待遇:
具有吸引力的工资和福利、职业发展机会。
①福利待遇:
_______
②工资和福利:
_________________?
③职业发展机会:
opportunities
for
_________________?
Benefits
salary
and
benefits
career
development
5.请携带中英文简历、学历证书和身份证复印件。
①简历:
_______
②学历证书和身份证:
___________________________?
③翻译组句:
________________________________________________________________
___________________________?
resume
academic
diploma
and
ID
card
Please
bring
your
resume
in
both
English
and
Chinese
with
a
copy
of
your
academic
diploma
and
ID
card.
Step
3 润色组篇
WE
NEED
YOU
Position:
Front
desk
agent(we
need
two)
Requirements:
1.Female,the
preferred
ages
are
20-28.
2.University
graduate
or
above.
3.Excellent
Chinese
and
English,speak
fluently
and
with
patience
and
kindness.
4.Good
team
player
and
have
a
cooperative
attitude.
5.Relevant
working
experience
is
preferred.
Benefits:
Attractive
salary
and
benefits,opportunities
for
career
development.
Please
bring
your
resume
in
both
English
and
Chinese
with
a
copy
of
your
academic
diploma
and
ID
card.
TEL:
172????????
CONTACT:
Mr
Li
【善积累?获新知】
★话题词汇识记
1.常用词汇
Personal
Qualities
(个人素质),Language
Proficiency
(语言能力),Computer
Literacy
(电脑知识),Occupational
Experience
(工作经验)
2.常用句式
Qualifications
needed:
所需资格
Ability
to
work
in
a
team
under
pressure.
能够在团队中承受压力进行工作。
Good
at
computer
operation
of
Windows.
须精通使用
Windows系统进行电脑操作。
Not
more
than
30
years.年龄不超过
30
岁。
Male
/
Female性别不限
(
男女均可
)
3.常见语句
Please
bring
your
own
Chinese
and
English
resume
and
with
a
recent
photo.请带上中英文简历和一张近照。
At
least
two
years
of
experience
as
a
accountant
in
the
international
organization
is
a
must.必须有至少两年的国际组织会计工作经验。
★话题好句背诵
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Summer
Company
provides
students
with
hands-on
business
training
and
awards
of
up
to
$3,000
to
start
and
run
their
own
summer
businesses.
“夏季公司”为学生提供商业实践培训,并提供高达3
000美元的奖金,以启动和运营自己的夏季业务。
2.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
You
could
apply
to
be
a
Stewardship
Youth
Ranger
and
work
on
local
natural
resource
management
projects
for
eight
weeks
this
summer.
您可以申请成为一名Stewardship
Youth
Ranger,并在今年夏天参与为期八周的当地自然资源管理项目。
3.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Students
aged
15
or
older.Some
positions
require
students
to
be
15
to
24
or
up
to
29
for
persons
with
a
disability.
(需要)15岁或15岁以上的学生。某些职位要求15至24岁的学生或者不超过29岁的残障人士。(共48张PPT)
Unit
6
Nurturing
nature
Period
4 Developing
ideas
(Ⅰ) 阅读提能课
自主素养储备
Ⅰ.根据语境选词填空
economy,disturb,candidate,applicant,advertise,genuine,salary,negotiable,
preference,qualification
1.The
new
government’s
first
challenge
is
the
________.
2.He
was
one
of
30
_________
for
the
manager’s
job.
3.The
Government
will
allow
them
to
________
on
radio
and
television.
4.How
much
______
does
the
job
pay?
economy
applicants
advertise
salary
5.Parents
can
express
a
__________for
the
school
their
child
attends.
6.He
is
a
_________for
the
office
of
Governor.
7.I’m
sorry
to
_______you
so
early.
8.They’re
convinced
the
picture
is
_______.
9.The
house
is
for
sale
at
a
_________price.
10.Following
___________
,he
worked
as
a
social
worker.
preference
candidate
disturb
genuine
negotiable
qualification
Ⅱ.用合适的介词填空
1.In
her
speech,the
senator
came
out
in
favour
__a
change
in
the
law.
2.When
Lincoln
was
just
a
boy,he
had
to
help
his
father
to
look
_____his
farm.
3.Will
the
burning
candle
use
___the
air
in
the
cup?
4.A
family
group
is
usually
made
up
__a
man,his
wife
and
his
children.
5.In
addition
__what
he
said
at
the
meeting,there
was
something
else
about
the
matter.
6.We
become
aware
__the
fact
that
there
are
several
possible
courses
of
action.
of
after
up
of
to
of
文章大意
Read
The
Best
Job
in
the
World
and
fill
in
the
form
below.
Paragraphs
1～3
The
best
job
about
looking
after
1.
____________________.
Paragraphs
4、5
The
qualification
of
the
2.
_________and
the
3.
___for
Ben
Southall.
Paragraph
6
The
4.
______________thing
about
this
job.
the
Great
Barrier
Reef
applicants
job
most
important
1.
economy
n.经济;经济体;节俭 派生:
economic
adj.经济(学)的 economical
adj.经济的;实惠的
【观察·悟】
※For
countries
such
as
Costa
Rica,Kenya
and
Nepal,
ecotourism
is
an
important
part
of
the
economy.(教材典句)
对于哥斯达黎加,肯尼亚和尼泊尔等国家而言,生态旅游是经济的重要组成部分。
※With
the
growth
of
the
Chinese
economy,
people
overseas
are
showing
more
interest
in
traditional
Chinese
culture.
随着中国经济的增长,国外人士对中国的传统文化显示出越来越浓厚的兴趣。
知识素养积淀
※He
has
set
a
good
example
for
us
in
practicing
economy.
他在例行节约方面为我们树立了一个好榜样。
※The
pace
of
economic
growth
is
speeding
up.
经济增长的步伐正在加快。
※It’s
more
economical
to
use
gas
than
coal.
烧煤气比烧煤划算。
【内化?用】
用economy的正确形式填空。
①China
is
one
of
the
most
great
_________in
the
world.
②Education
is
central
to
a
country’s
________development.
③He
has
to
be
__________
,because
he
hasn’t
much
money.
economies
economic
economical
2.disturb
v.干扰,扰乱;使焦虑;使不安 派生:
disturbing
adj.引起烦恼的
disturbed
adj.心神不安的
【观察·悟】
※Sorry
to
disturb
you
by
my
mistakenly
break-in.
对不起,我进错了房间,打扰你了。
※Don’t
trouble
him
with
questions
on
the
subject;it
will
disturb
him,for
no
good.
关于这件事不要老麻烦他;那会使他不安的,没有一点好处。
※However,I
soon
discover
that
much
has
changed
since
the
days
of
disturbing
reports
of
camps
among
tons
of
rubbish.(高考典句)
但是,我很快发现,自从那些天有了烦人的关于大量垃圾中的营地的报道之后,情况发生了很大变化。
※The
murderer
was
apparently
mentally
disturbed.
该杀人犯显然精神失常。
【内化?用】
用disturb的正确形式填空。
①Find
a
quiet,warm,comfortable
room
where
you
won’t
be
_________.
②
I’ve
looked
up
a
lot
of
information
about
smoking
and
I’ve
found
out
some
_________things.
③They
don’t
realize
that
the
noise
from
the
TV
________me.
disturbed
disturbing
disturbs
3.applicant
n.申请人;求职者 派生:
applicant
n.申请人application
n.申请(表);应用
【观察·悟】
※Out
of
the
thousands
of
applicants
,eleven
were
selected,including
a
young
woman
from
China.(教材典句)
在数千名申请人中,有11名被选中,其中包括一名来自中国的年轻女子。
※This
applicant
is
by
far
the
better
than
that
one.
这个求职者远比那一个好。
※I
should
apply
for
the
post
if
I
were
you;I
think
you
stand
a
good
chance.
如果我是你的话,我将会去申请这个职位。我认为你大有希望。
※In
this
way
they
can
better
apply
theories
to
practice.
这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。
※Fill
out
the
application
carefully,and
keep
copies
of
it.
仔细填写申请表,并且保存它的副本。
※The
wide
application
of
computers
in
science
and
technology
will
free
people
from
the
labour
of
complicated
measurement
and
computation.
计算机在科学技术方面的广泛应用将使人们从复杂的计量和计算工作中解脱出来。
【生成?得】
①apply
___sth. 申请某职位
②apply
__sb.
for...
向某人申请……
③apply
sth.
__...
把某物用在……上
for
to
to
【内化?用】翻译句子。
①_____________________________________________.?
我们应该努力学习经济理论并应用它。
②_____________________________.?
不是所有的求职者都有学位。
③____________________________________________________.?
学生们应该学会理论的实际应用。
We
should
try
to
learn
economic
theory
and
apply
it
Not
every
applicant
had
a
degree
Students
should
learn
the
practical
application
of
the
theory
4.advertise
v.征聘,公布;(为……)做广告 派生:
advertisement n.广告;广告宣传
【观察·悟】
※A
local
farmer
told
them
the
dog
sounded
like
one
advertised
as
lost
in
the
local
paper.(高考典句)
一位当地农民告诉他们,这只狗听起来像当地报纸上公布丢失的那只狗。
※Religious
groups
are
currently
not
allowed
to
advertise
on
television.
目前禁止宗教团体在电视上做广告。
※Having
increased
our
production,we
are
advertising
to
obtain
more
users.
增加了生产之后,我们做广告以争取更多的用户。
※The
England
team
was
a
poor
advertisement
for
European
football
tonight.
英格兰队今晚为欧洲足球做了一次糟糕的宣传。
【内化?用】
完成句子。
①The
contract
for
this
will
no
doubt
__________________.?
关于这个的合约无疑会受到广泛宣传。
②They
might
be
wise
to
_________________________.?
他们停止在电视上做广告,这样做可能是明智之举。
③I
like
__________________McDonald’s
very
much.?
我很喜欢麦当劳的广告宣传。
be
widely
advertised
stop
advertising
on
television
the
advertisement
of
5.in
favour
of 支持,赞同
【观察·悟】
※Some
are
in
favour
of
it,some
are
against
it.
有的赞成,有的反对。
※The
majority
were
in
favour
of
the
first
plan.
大多数人支持第一个方案。
※In
terms
of
money
I
am
quite
rich,but
not
in
terms
of
happiness.在金钱方面,我很富有,但在幸福方面却不是。
※The
front
in
Wuhan
was
in
need
of
medicine
and
medical
workers.(时事典句)
武汉前线需要药品和医务人员。
【生成?得】
in
favour
of 支持;赞同
in
terms
of
在……方面;就……而言
in
need
of
需要……
【知识延伸】
英语中类似“in...of”的短语还有:
in
charge
of 负责
in
search
of
寻找
in
honour
of
为了纪念
in
case
of
如果;万一
in
control
of
控制;管理;掌握
【内化?用】用“in...of”的短语填空。
①I
felt
lonely
and
I
was
_________some
companionship.?
②__________natural
resources,this
country
is
one
of
the
poorest
countries
in
Western
Europe.?
③_________fire,open
this
door.?
④That
year,the
country
set
up
a
holiday
___________the
historian.?
in
need
of
In
terms
of
In
case
of
in
honour
of
6.What’s
more,they
came
to
understand
the
delicate
balance
that
the
environment
exists
in
and
what
can
,and
must,be
done
to
protect
the
Reef.
此外,他们开始了解大堡礁环境的微妙平衡,以及可以并且必须采取哪些措施来保护大堡礁。
【观察·悟】
What’s
more,they
came
to
understand
the
delicate
balance
that
the
environment
exists
in?
↓
定语从句
and
what
can,and
must,be
done
to
protect
the
Reef.
?
↓
宾语从句
句子包含一个定语从句和一个宾语从句。
※A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
飞机是一种可以飞行的机器。
※The
fish
which
we
bought
this
morning
were
not
fresh.
我们今天早上买的鱼不新鲜。
※The
boy
who
broke
the
window
is
called
Tom.
打破窗户的男孩叫汤姆。
※I
doubt
whether
he
will
succeed.
我怀疑他是否会成功。
※I
wonder
what
he’s
writing
to
me
about.
我在想他在给我写什么。
※I
don’t
know
who
all
the
people
are.
所有人我都不知道是谁。
※Please
find
out
when
the
ship
sails
for
New
York.
请查明该船何时开往纽约。
※We
have
made
it
clear
that
we
will
learn
to
deal
with
various
difficult
problems.
我们很清楚,我们将学习处理各种难题。
【内化?用】
用合适的关系词填空。
①It’s
a
book
__________
introduces
how
to
cook.
②There
are
many
volunteers
________
are
helping
the
poor
children.
③The
woman
______________
you
met
yesterday
is
my
teacher.
④I
am
looking
for
the
backpack
__________I
bought
yesterday.
that/which
who/that
whom/who/that
that/which
【备选要点】
1.negotiable
adj.可协商的 派生:
negotiate
v.协商
negotiation
n.磋商
【观察·悟】
※Similarly,companies
in
crisis
learn
that
almost
everything
is
negotiable.
同样,企业在危机中学到几乎一切都是可以协商的道理。
※Western
governments
have
urged
him
to
negotiate
and
avoid
force.
西方各国政府敦促他进行谈判,避免使用武力。
※We
have
had
meaningful
negotiations
and
I
believe
we
are
very
close
to
a
deal.
我们已进行了有意义的谈判,我相信我们很快能成交。
【生成?得】
________v.
_________adj. __________n.
【内化?用】 选词填空(negotiated,negotiation,negotiable)。
①They
closed
the
deal
in
sugar
after
a
week
of
__________.
②The
local
government
and
the
army
_________
a
peace
at
last.
③Trust
is
not
_________
in
my
world.
negotiate
negotiable
negotiation
negotiation
negotiated
negotiable
2.preference
n.优先(权);偏爱 派生:
prefer
v.更喜欢;偏爱
【观察·悟】
※I
have
no
preference
between
the
two
wines.
我对这两种酒没有偏爱。
※I
much
prefer
jazz
to
rock
music.
我喜欢爵士乐远胜过摇滚乐。
※She
was
chosen
in
preference
to
her
sister.
她被选中了,而不是她姐姐/妹妹。
※Preference
will
be
given
to
graduates
of
this
university.
这所大学的毕业生会获得优待。
【生成?得】
①prefer
sth./doing
sth.
to
sth./doing
sth.
_______……而不是……
②__preference
to
sb./sth.
而不是……
③give
(a)
preference
__sb./sth.
给……以优惠;优待
更喜欢
in
to
【内化?用】 翻译句子。
①________________________________________?
我们将给儿童和老人优先权。
②______________________________________?
我更喜欢看电影而不是看电视。
We’ll
give
preference
to
children
and
the
aged.
I
prefer
going
to
the
cinema
to
watching
TV.
3.qualification
n.资格;合格证书;条件
【观察·悟】
※Last
year,one
in
five
boys
left
school
without
a
qualification.
去年,五分之一的男孩没有获得资格证书就离校了。
※Previous
teaching
experience
is
a
necessary
qualification
for
this
job.
有教学经验是担任这项工作的必备条件。
※I
will
tell
you
the
truth
without
qualification.
我将毫无保留地把真相告诉你们。
※To
qualify
as
a
doctor
you
have
to
study
a
long
time
and
pass
exams.
为取得博士的资格,你必须长期学习并通过考试。
※They
are
best
qualified
to
speak
on
this
question.
他们对这个问题最有发言权。
【知识延伸】
qualify
v.胜任;获得资格
qualified
adj.能胜任的;有资格的
qualification
n.资格;合格证书;条件
without
qualification
毫无保留地
【内化?用】用qualify的正确形式填空。
①You
can
accept
his
statement
without
___________.
②His
training
________him
as
a
teacher
of
English.
③This
man
was
not
________to
drive.
qualification
qualifies
qualified
4.genuine
adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的
【观察·悟】
※Is
the
painting
a
genuine
Picasso?
(背诵典句)
这幅画是毕加索的真迹吗?
※I
thought
she
sounded
a
genuinely
caring
and
helpful
person.
我觉得她听起来像是一个真心真意地关爱和帮助别人的人。
※I
have
no
doubt
about
their
genuineness.
我相信他们绝对诚实可靠。
【知识延伸】
同义词
adj.actual,original,real,true,honest,sincere
反义词
adj.fake,dishonest,insincere
【内化?用】完成句子。
①They’re
convinced
___________________.?
他们确信这幅画是真品。
②_________________and
cherished
her.
?
他由衷地爱恋并珍惜她。
③_________________________is
still
in
question.?
这封信的真实性还有待考究。
the
picture
is
genuine
He
genuinely
loved
The
genuineness
of
this
letter
5.salary
n.报酬,工资
【观察·悟】
※The
government
has
decided
to
increase
salaries
for
all
civil
servants.(时事典句)
政府已决定给所有公务员加薪。
※There
are
so
many
people
on
low
incomes.
还有很多低收入的人。
※He
can
get
a
weekly
wage
of
￡200.
他周薪200英镑。
※The
job
offers
good
rates
of
pay.
这工作报酬高。
【易混辨析】
____含义最广,强调报酬。
在工厂等工作的雇员按周领取的工钱用______。
办公室工作人员、教师、医生等专业人员按月领取的薪金用______,但通常以年
薪表示。
_______通常指所有的收入或投资的收益。
pay
wages
salary
income
【内化?用】选择正确的单词填空。
①They
have
brought
down
_______taxes.(income/pay)
②When
we
are
off
sick,we
only
receive
half
____.(wage/pay)
③My
______was
around
￡9,000
plus
a
car
and
expenses.(income/salary)
income
pay
salary
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母写出正确的单词
1.The
talks
will
focus
on
e________
development
of
the
region.
2.In
this
way
they
can
avoid
d________
you.
3.Only
three
c_________
will
take
the
final
examination.
4.Could
you
mail
me
some
a_________
forms?
5.She
scanned
the
a____________
pages
of
the
newspapers.
6.As
time
went
on,a
g______
friendship
grew
up
between
them.
7.He
always
puts
half
of
his
s_____
in
the
bank.
课时素养达标
conomic
isturbing
andidates
pplication
dvertisement
enuine
alary
8.This
price
is
no
longer
n________.
9.I
would
p_____
him
to
be
with
us
next
season.
10.They
had
every
q__________
for
success.
egotiable
refer
ualification
Ⅱ.根据语境和汉语提示写出正确的短语
1.Two-thirds
of
the
French
are
___________(支持)limiting
foreign
imports
into
Europe.?
2.He
was
just
trying
to
_________(照顾)her
because
he
wanted
the
best
for
his
little
girl.?
3.Don’t
______(用光)all
the
soap.Leave
me
some
to
wash
with.?
4.A
document
is
considered
to
be
__________(由……组成)a
number
of
topics.?
in
favour
of
look
after
use
up
made
up
of
5.In
__________(除了)his
pay,the
boss
said
he
would
leave
him
ten
days’
holiday
with
salary
every
year.?
6.If
you
learn
to
become
________(意识到)it,you
will
gain
the
ability
to
control
it.
?
addition
to
aware
of(共28张PPT)
Unit
6
Nurturing
nature
Period
3 Using
language语法精析课
现在完成进行时
语法精讲透析
【体验?悟】
阅读下面课文原句,回答问题。
原句1
Wild
animals
such
as
these
Tibetan
antelopes
have
now
been
using
these
passages
for
years.
原句2
Now,thanks
to
our
efforts,passengers
from
all
over
the
country
have
been
enjoying
these
magical
landscapes.
【生成?得】
原句1use这个动作从过去持续到_____并且仍在发生,时间状语是________。
原句2enjoy这个动作从过去到现在一直在_________,并且未来也是。
现在
for
years
持续发生
【研学?析】
一、定义:
现在完成进行时表示过去发生的动作或状况一直持续到现在,这个动作可能仍在继续进行或刚刚结束。
二、现在完成进行时的构成
肯定句:
主语
+
have/has
+
been
+
现在分词...
否定句:
主语
+
have/has
+
not
+
been
+
现在分词...
疑问句:
Have/Has
+
主语
+
been
+
现在分词...?
疑问代词/疑问副词
+
have/has
+
主语
+
been
+
现在分词...?
1.现在完成进行时的肯定句
现在完成进行时的肯定句由“助动词have/has
+
been(been是be动词的过去分词)+
现在分词”构成:
※I’ve
been
trying
to
find
out
her
telephone
number.
我一直在找她的电话号码。
※They
have
been
widening
the
road.
他们一直在拓宽这条路。
※She
is
very
tired.She’s
been
typing
letters
all
day.
她很累了。她一整天都在录入信件。
2.现在完成进行时的否定句
现在完成进行时的否定句是在助动词have/has后加not,之后是“be动词的过去分词been
+
现在分词”:
※I’ve
not
been
feeling
very
well
for
the
past
few
days.
这几天以来,我一直感到不太舒服。
※It
hasn’t
been
working
properly
for
three
weeks.
它已有3个星期运作不正常了。
3.现在完成进行时的一般疑问句
现在完成进行时的一般疑问句是将助动词have/has置于主语之前(大写have/has的第一个字母),在句尾加问号;这种语序是倒装语序:
※Have
you
been
writing
books
for
long?
你写书已经很长时间了吗?
※—Have
you
been
working
all
morning?
—Yes,we’ve
been
working
4
hours
without
a
break.
——你们一上午都在工作吗?
——是,我们连续工作了4个小时没有休息。
4.现在完成进行时的特殊疑问句
现在完成进行时的特殊疑问句是将疑问代词/疑问副词置于助动词have/has之前(have/has的第一个字母无需大写),和一般疑问句差不多;这种语序是倒装语序。就主语提问时,将疑问代词或带有疑问限定词的名词词组置于助动词have/has之前,在句尾加问号;这种语序是陈述句语序:
※—You
look
dirty.What
have
you
been
doing?
—I’ve
been
cleaning
the
garage.
——你看上去很脏,干什么了?
——我一直在清扫车库。
※You’ve
taken
your
time!
What
on
earth
have
you
been
doing?
你可真够慢的!你到底一直在干什么?
三、现在完成进行时的用法
1.表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作
现在完成进行时表示以前到现在这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作,这个动作可能仍在进行,也可能停止了一会儿:
※How
long
have
you
been
learning
English?
你学习英语多久了?
※How
long
has
it
been
snowing?
雪下多久了?
(还在下雪)
2.表示现在经常重复的动作
※Jack
has
been
phoning
Jane
every
night
for
the
last
week.
上星期杰克天天晚上给简打电话。
※We’ve
been
seeing
quite
a
lot
of
each
other
recently.
最近我们常常见面。
3.用于得出结论
现在完成进行时可以表示根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论:
※His
eyes
are
red.He
has
been
working
too
hard
recently.
他眼睛红了,准是最近工作太努力了。
四、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别
1.现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况,若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况,则通常用现在完成时。如:
※He
has
lived
in
Paris.
他(一直)住在巴黎。
※He
has
been
living
in
Paris.
他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性)
2.现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作,而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作。如:
※I
have
read
the
book.
我读过这本书。
※I
have
been
reading
the
book.
我一直在读这本书。
有少数动词(如work,study,live,teach,stay等)在表示持续一段时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行时更强调动作的持续性)。如:
※How
long
have
you
worked
[been
working]
here?
你在这儿工作多久了?
※I’ve
lived
[been
living]
here
since
1988.
自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。
3.现在完成时通常只陈述事实,而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感彩。如:
※I
have
waited
for
two
hours.
我等了两个小时。(陈述事实)
※I
have
been
waiting
for
two
hours.
我等了两个小时了。(等得好辛苦)
4.不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时,但它们可以用于现在完成时。如:
※They’ve
been
married
for
twenty
years.
他们结婚已二十年了。
※The
war
has
lasted
for
a
long
time.
这场战争持续了很长时间。
5.现在完成进行时不用于被动语态,可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。如:
※The
house
has
been
painted
for
a
month.
这房子已漆了一个月。
※The
problem
has
been
studied
for
five
days.
这个问题已研究了五天。
【点拨迷津】
理解现在完成进行时的两个关键点
1.表示“持续”
表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作,这动作可能刚刚停止,也可能还在进行。如:
※Tom
has
been
seeing
about
a
work
permit
for
you.
汤姆一直在想办法给你弄一个工作许可证。
※The
tobacco
industry
has
been
trying
to
improve
its
image.
烟草行业一直在试图改善其形象。
※It
has
come
to
our
knowledge
that
you
have
been
cheating
the
company.
据我们了解你一直欺骗公司。
※The
group
has
been
living
in
a
remote
corner
of
the
Cambodian
jungle.
该部落一直居住在柬埔寨的丛林深处。
2.表示“重复”
即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复,而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。如:
※The
motorcyclist
must
have
been
doing
a
ton
as
he
passed
me.
当骑摩托车的人从我身边驶过时,他的时速肯定达到了100英里。
※So
you
have
been
doing
very
nicely
at
Tara,have
you?
你就这样在塔拉一直过得很好,是吗?
※It
really
is.But
all
of
us
have
been
doing
the
work
for
years.
是的,但是我们所有的人已经在这儿工作很久了。
※I
have
been
doing
breathing
exercises
to
replenish
my
energy.
我这几天在做呼吸锻炼,补充精力。
【内化?用】
完成句子。
①The
children
_______________a
lot
of
fun.?
孩子们一直玩得很开心。
②She
is
very
tired.She
________________all
morning.?
她很累。她一早晨都在工作。
③_________________in
a
hotel
since
we
came
here.?
自从到这里以后,我们一直住在旅馆。
④Biological
systems
______________this
for
billions
of
years.?
生物系统亿万年来一直都是这样。
have
been
having
has
been
working
We’ve
been
staying
have
been
doing
【常温故?勤总结
】
高考中的现在完成进行时
1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)For
the
past
two
years,Gordon’s
students
have
been
studying
ways
to
kill
bacteria.
在过去的两年中,戈登的学生们一直在研究杀死细菌的方法。
2.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)People
have
been
sitting
there
and
standing
there
and
taking
pictures
of
each
other.
人们一直坐或站在那里互相拍照。
3.(2019·北京卷
)A
retired
engineer,76-year-old
Wilson
has
been
offering
free
rides
to
college
students
for
the
past
eight
years.
现年七十六岁的威尔逊是一位退休工程师,过去八年来一直为大学生提供免费乘车服务。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.All
these
years
they
____________________(contribute)
articles
to
our
newspaper.?
2.I
__________(drink)
five
cups
of
coffee
this
afternoon.?
3.What
____you
_____(do)
before
you
left
Oxford?
4.It’s
a
good
job.
____you
___it
all
by
yourself?
5.Alice
__________(see)
much
of
Henry
lately.?
6.You
know,I
________________(look)
for
a
job
for
three
months,and
this
is
my
first
formal
interview.?
7.Here
he
is!
We
________________(wait)
anxiously
for
him
since
last
night.?
课时素养达标
have
been
contributing
have
drunk
had
done
Did
do
hasn’t
seen
have
been
looking
have
been
waiting
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.—I’m
sure
Andrew
will
win
the
first
prize
in
the
final.
—I
think
so.
___________________________________(他已经为此准备了几个月).?
2.By
the
time
he
realizes
______________________(他已经进了陷阱),it’ll
be
too
late
for
him
to
do
anything
about
it.?
3.So
far
this
year
we
_________(see)
a
fall
in
house
prices
by
between
5
and
10
percent.?
4.Cathy
is
taking
notes
of
the
grammatical
rules
in
class
at
Sunshine
School,
_________________________________________(她已经学了一年英语的
地方).?
He
has
been
preparing
for
it
for
months
he
has
walked
into
a
trap
have
seen
where
she
has
been
studying
English
for
a
year
5.Danny
__________(work)
hard
for
long
to
realize
his
dream
and
now
he
is
popular.?
6.—I
have
got
a
headache.
—No
wonder.
__________________________________________________(你已
经在那台电脑前工作了太长时间了).?
7.Now
that
she
is
out
of
job,
_________________________________________(露
西一直在考虑回到学校),but
she
hasn’t
decided
yet.?
8.—Hi,Tracy,you
look
pale.
—I
am
tired.
______________________________________(我一整天都在粉刷起
居室).
?
has
worked
You
have
been
working
in
front
of
that
computer
too
long
Lucy
has
been
considering
going
back
to
school
I
have
been
painting
the
living
room
all
day(共35张PPT)
Unit
6
Nurturing
nature
Period
2 Understanding
ideas
要点内化课
自主素养储备
Ⅰ.根据语境选词填空
massive,delicate,splendid,leisure,radiation,mirror-like,wander
1.He
was
not
the
type
to
_______round
like
a
tourist.
2.The
explosion
made
a
_______hole
in
the
ground.
3.Let’s
have
lunch
so
we
can
talk
at
______.
4.This
kind
of
steel
has
a
__________
surface.
5.Babies
have
very
_______skin.
6.The
book
includes
a
wealth
of
________photographs.
7.They
suffer
from
health
problems
and
fear
the
long-term
effects
of
________.
wander
massive
leisure
mirror-like
delicate
splendid
radiation
Ⅱ.根据语境填入适当的短语
1.He
could
read
all
the
national
papers
___________(悠闲地).?
2.He
won’t
______________(允许自己)fail.?
3.
__________(为了)ensure
success
we
must
have
a
complete
and
thorough
plan.?
4.The
department
store
is
_________(位于)the
crossing.?
5.You
have
to
_________(确保)you
have
enough
money.?
6.
_________(多亏了)that
job
I
became
an
active
reader.?
at
his
leisure
allow
himself
to
In
order
to
located
at
make
sure
Thanks
to
词
汇
微
空
间
名词+(-)like→形容词
mirror+like→mirror-like
镜子一样的
dream+like→_________
如梦般的
child+like→________
孩子般的
woman+like→__________女人气的
dreamlike
childlike
womanlike
1.massive
adj.巨大的 派生:
massively
adv.大规模地 词根
mass
n.&adj.
【观察·悟】
※The
words
“railways
like
massive
dragons
are
winding
among
the
mountains”
seem
particularly
vivid.(教材典句)
“一条条巨龙翻山越岭”这句歌词听起来尤其生动。
※We
invested
massively
in
German
machinery.
我们对德国的机器制造业进行了大量的投资。
※It
has
masses
of
flowers
each
year.
它每年都开许多花。
知识素养积淀
※In
addition,most
newspapers
had
little
in
them
that
would
appeal
to
a
mass
audience.(高考典句)
此外,大多数报纸在这方面几乎没有什么能吸引广大观众的。
※The
rose
bushes
are
a
mass
of
flowers
in
June.
六月的玫瑰园花团锦簇。
【内化?用】
用massive的正确形式填空。
①On
his
desk
is
________(放满了)books
and
papers.?
②There
was
evidence
of
_______
cheating
in
the
test.
③The
book
has
been
_________
popular
with
women.
a
mass
of
massive
massively
2.delicate
adj.脆弱的;纤细的;精美的 派生:
delicately
adv.娇贵地;精巧地;
小心地
【观察·悟】
※How
to
protect
the
delicate
ecosystem
was
among
the
top
concerns.(教材典句)
首要问题之一就是如何保护脆弱的生态系统。
※The
country
had
a
delicately
balanced
economy.
该国经济保持着脆弱的平衡。
※He
stepped
delicately
over
the
broken
glass.
他小心翼翼地跨过碎玻璃。
※The
haircut
emphasised
her
fragile
beauty.
发型突出了她的精致之美。
【内化?用】
完成句子。
①The
vase
is
beautiful,but
_____________.
这个花瓶很漂亮,但太易打碎。
②He
chose
a
_________wrapped
perfume
for
his
girlfriend.
他挑了一瓶包装精美的香水送给女友。
fragile/delicate
delicately
3.splendid
adj.
壮丽的;极佳的;非常好的
【观察·悟】
※The
first
landmark
to
catch
my
eye
is
the
splendid
Qingshuihe
Bridge,the
world’s
longest
bridge
built
over
permafrost.(教材典句)
引人注目的第一个地标是壮丽的清水河大桥,这是世界上永冻土之上建造的最长的大桥。
※She
was
deeply
attracted
by
the
magnificent
building.
她被那栋宏伟的建筑深深吸引了。
※She
said
she
had
never
seen
such
a
glorious
sunset.
她说她从未见过如此瑰丽的晚霞。
※She
looks
like
a
princess
in
that
gorgeous
skirt.
她穿上那条艳丽的裙子看上去像一位公主。
【内化?用】
完成句子。
①This
bird
has
feathers
of
_______________.?
这只鸟有着绚丽的羽毛。
②You
can
get
_______________________.?
你能看到海边的迷人景色。
③The
rich
man
lived
in
a
_____________.?
那个富翁住在一座豪华的宅子里。
gorgeous
colours
glorious
views
of
the
coast
splendid
house
4.wander
v.徘徊;闲逛;走神
【观察·悟】
※When
he
got
bored
he
wandered
around
the
fair.
他烦了就去集市上逛逛。
※Wander
among
a
variety
of
shops
selling
gifts
while
enjoying
a
live
music
show
and
nice
street
entertainment.(高考典句)
在售卖各式各样礼品的商店里逛逛,同时欣赏现场音乐表演和精彩的街头娱乐表演。
※Don’t
wander
from
the
subject.Stick
to
the
point.(背诵典句)
别扯远了。要紧扣主题。
※If
you
wander
off
too
far,my
love
will
get
you
home.
如果你走得太远,我的爱会带你回家。
※They
had
wandered
from
the
path
into
the
woods.
他们离开小路消失在树林里。
【生成?得】
wander
________
sth.
偏离(正道);走失;离散
from/off
【内化?用】完成句子。
①In
my
free
time
____________________________.?
在我空闲的时候,我喜欢与朋友去闲逛。
②The
poet
wanted
to
____________________on
his
own.?
诗人想独自漫游那些国家。
I
like
to
wander
with
my
friends
wander
those
countries
5.at
one’s
leisure
空闲时
【观察·悟】
※A
group
of
Tibetan
antelopes
is
moving
under
the
bridge,with
some
stopping
to
eat
grass
at
their
leisure.(教材典句)
一群藏羚羊在桥下移动,有的藏羚羊在闲暇时停下来吃草。
※I
suggest
you
take
the
forms
away
and
read
them
at
your
leisure.
我建议你把表格带回去有空慢慢看。
※You
will
be
able
to
walk
at
leisure
through
the
gardens.
你可以在花园里闲逛。
【生成?得】
①at
_____leisure (正式)
有空时;空闲时
②at
______
闲散;悠闲;不慌不忙;从容
【内化?用】翻译句子。
①退休后他经常在闲暇时看电视。
___________________________________after
retirement.?
②Come
round
for
lunch
and
then
we
can
discuss
it
at
leisure.
_______________________________
one’s
leisure
He
often
watches
television
at
his
leisure
过来吃午饭吧,我们可以慢慢讨论。
6.Now,thanks
to
our
efforts,passengers
from
all
over
the
country
have
been
enjoying
these
magical
landscapes.
现在,由于我们的努力,来自全国各地的乘客能够欣赏到这些神奇的风景。
【观察·悟】
本句是一个现在完成进行时的句子。
※He
has
been
living
here
for
5
years.
他在这里住了五年。
※I’m
very
tired,because
I
have
been
playing
computer
games
all
afternoon.
我很累,因为我整个下午都在玩电脑游戏。
※I
have
to
see
the
doctor
because
I
have
been
coughing
a
lot
lately.
我必须去看医生,因为最近我一直咳嗽得厉害。
【生成?得】
现在完成进行时通常表达三种含义:
①延续性动词,表示过去发生的动作与行为一直延续到_____且现在仍在_____。
通常与for...,since...等引导的表示_________的时间状语连用。
②延续性动词,表示持续了一段时间的刚刚结束的动作与行为对_____造成的影
响。通常与all
morning,
___________,______等时间状语连用。?
③终止性动词,表示近期_________的动作与行为对目前造成的影响。常与
_____,recently,these
days等时间状语连用。
现在
进行
一段时间
all
afternoon
现在
反复发生
lately
all
day
【内化?用】完成句子。
①I’ve
____________________for
20
years.?
我与她一起工作有20年了。
②He
was
tired;he
______________________.?
他累了,他整天都在工作。
③All
these
days
he
_____________________to
our
magazine.?
这些天来他一直在给我们的杂志写文章。
been
working
with
her
has
been
working
all
day
has
been
writing
articles
【备选要点】
1.unaware
adj.不知道;没意识到;未察觉
【观察·悟】
※They
seem
totally
unaware
that
we
are
speeding
past
at
over
100
kilometres
an
hour.(教材典句)
他们似乎完全没有意识到我们以每小时100多千米的速度驶过。
※He
was
well
aware
of
the
problem.
他很清楚这个问题。
※He
was
completely
unaware
of
the
whole
affair.
他对整件事情一无所知。
※It
only
shows
his
awareness/unawareness
of
the
problem.
这只能表明他知道/不知道这个问题。
类似的单词还有:
happy/unhappy,happiness/unhappiness
kind/unkind,kindness/unkindness
【内化?用】
用aware的正确形式填空。
①She
was
________that
she
was
being
filmed.
她不知道有人在拍摄她。
②The
1980s
brought
an
_________of
green
issues.
20世纪80年代人们开始意识到“绿色”问题。
③Smokers
are
well
________the
dangers
to
their
own
health.?
吸烟的人都知道吸烟对自身健康的危害。
④He
got
cancer
because
of
his
____________of
his
health
condition.
他得癌症是因为他不了解自己的健康状况。
unaware
awareness
aware
of
unawareness
2.radiation
n.辐射;放射线
词根
radiate
v.(使……)辐射,发散
【观察·悟】
※In
locations
such
as
this,the
thin
air,changeable
weather
and
high
levels
of
UV
radiation
presented
perhaps
the
greatest
challenge
for
railway
workers.(教材典句)
在这样的地方,稀薄的空气,多变的天气和高水平的紫外线辐射可能是铁路工人面临的最大挑战。
※Five
roads
radiate
from
this
roundabout.
有五条道路以这个环状交叉路口为中心向各方伸展。
※Wade
placed
his
hands
on
the
radiator
and
warmed
them.
韦德把双手放在暖气片上取暖。
※Japan
is
being
affected
by
another
earthquake-related
crisis—nuclear
radiation.(时事典句)
日本正遭受与地震有关的另一场危机——核辐射。
【语境巧记】
Radiation
is
the
process
that
a
radiator
radiates
something.
辐射就是一种辐射物放射出某种东西的过程。
【内化?用】
用radiate的正确形式填空。
①The
pain
started
in
my
stomach
and
________all
over
my
body.
②I
think
it’s
the
________.
It’s
overheated.
③Her
hair
started
falling
out
as
a
result
of
________treatment.
radiated
radiator
radiation
Ⅰ.根据语境和首字母写出正确的单词
1.Apple
has
had
to
put
m______
resources
to
its
iTunes
and
iPhone
online
stores.
2.Indeed,the
iPad
is
a
d______
piece
of
electronics.
3.Let’s
make
progress
and
create
s_______
future
in
the
new
century!
4.How
much
time
do
consumers
have
for
l______?
5.At
the
moment,such
cancers
are
normally
treated
through
r________.
6.The
strong
m________
reflections
on
the
pavement
here
tell
us
that
it
is
wet.
课时素养达标
assive
elicate
plendid
eisure
adiation
irror-like
7.I
wondered
where
her
parents
might
be.How
could
they
just
let
her
w______
off
alone
like
this?
8.Many
Microsoft
Windows
users
are
u_______
of
a
common
security
leak
in
their
network
settings.
ander
naware
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.They
waited
quietly
outside,so
Miss
Sun
could
get
dressed
____________in
the
room.?
他们在外面安静地等着,所以孙小姐能够在房里从容地穿衣服。
2.I
was
born
to
be
a
winner,and
I
will
not
_____________think
of
failure.?
我生来就要做赢家,我不允许自己去想失败。
3.Their
true
identity
must
be
registered
__________survive
in
the
network
of
this
virtual
society.?
他们必须以自己真实的身份注册,从而在网络这个虚拟社会生存。
at
her
leisure
allow
myself
to
in
order
to
4.The
Search
box
is
_________the
top
of
every
folder.?
“搜索”框位于每个文件夹的顶部。
5.
__________there
is
at
least
one
shared
folder
for
you
to
connect
to.?
确保至少存在一个可以供你连接的共享文件夹。
6.The
global
economy
seems
to
be
on
the
road
to
recovery,
________massive
government
stimulus
plans
worldwide.?
由于全世界范围内大量的政府激励计划,世界经济似乎正在复苏。
located
at
Make
sure
thanks
to(共29张PPT)
Unit
6
Nurturing
nature
Period
1 Starting
out
&
Understanding
ideas
语篇研读课
自主素养储备
Ⅰ.新词相知
(一)连线相匹配的英语释义。
【答案】eafbgcd
massive
delicate
splendid
leisure
radiation
mirror-like
wander
a.having
a
fine
structure
that
is
easily
damaged
or
broken
b.the
time
when
you
are
not
working
or
are
not
busy
c.like
a
mirror
d.to
go
somewhere
at
a
leisurely
pace
e.large,solid,and
heavy
f.seems
to
be
impressive
and
beautiful
g.energy
emitted
from
a
source
in
the
form
of
rays
or
waves,e.g.heat,light,or
sound
(二)结合语境,从上面的表格中选择恰当的单词填空。
1.It
is
said
that
mobile
phone
________may
cause
brain
illness.
2.Let
us
work
together
for
a
more
________future.
3.A
_______population
still
has
health
problems.
4.He
did
nothing
but
_______on
the
street.
radiation
splendid
massive
wander
Ⅱ.短语熟记
选择恰当的短语补全下列语境。
at
one’s
leisure,allow...to,in
order
to,located
at,make
sure,thanks
to
1.Please
_____me
__express
how
much
I
appreciate
your
help.
2.
__________the
bottom
of
the
CD,the
word
“Microsoft”
is
printed.?
3.
_________the
Internet,it’s
easy
to
compare
prices
for
everything.?
4.He
always
plays
it
___________or
before
sleep
every
day.?
5.
__________do
his
scientific
experiment,Edison
had
to
work
at
the
age
of
his
teens.?
6.We
have
to
find
more
ways
to
_________we
have
room
to
operate.?
allow
to
Located
at
Thanks
to
at
his
leisure
In
order
to
make
sure
课文浅触
1.阅读The
Sky
Railway,思考你对这个标题的理解。
2.Why
is
the
Qinghai-Tibet
Railway
called
the
Sky
Railway?
___________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
____________________?
Because
it
is
a
“impossible”
railway
in
the
world
with
the
care
the
environment
deserves
and
a
record
to
overcome
the
most
difficult
engineering
challenges.
Step
1 While
reading
Ⅰ.Find
the
answers
to
the
questions
in
the
form.
探究素养提能
Why
the
railway
is
particularly
special
to
the
author?
He
was
travelling
along
the
railway
that
many
foreign
experts
claimed
was
1.“__________”
He
was
one
of
the
people
who
2._______
on
this
railway
The
unforgettable
experience
of
the
building
work
of
this
railway
The
3._______
and
the
passages
The
building
of
the
4.
_______
railway
station
The
5.____
for
the
plants
and
animals
impossible
worked
bridges
highest
care
Ⅱ.Choose
the
best
answer.
1.Which
is
the
first
station
of
the
Qinghai-Tibet
Railway?
A.Qinghai. B.Tibet. C.Xining. D.Lhasa.
2.Which
of
the
following
is
not
mentioned
in
the
passage?
A.The
efforts
to
overcome
the
most
difficult
engineering
challenges.
B.How
to
protect
the
delicate
ecosystem.
C.The
greatest
challenges
for
railway
workers.
D.The
cost
of
building
the
railway.
答案:
1～2.CD
Ⅲ.Answer
the
following
questions.
1.What
does
the
title
“The
Sky
Railway”
mean?
___________________________________________________________________
___________?
2.Why
is
the
Qinghai-Tibet
Railway
“impossible”?
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________?
It
is
a
song
which
represents
the
Qinghai-Tibet
Railway
and
the
importance
of
its
building.
Because
it
took
years
to
overcome
so
many
difficult
engineering
challenges
and
protected
the
delicate
ecosystem
as
well.
Ⅳ.Sentence
explanation.
Sitting
back
in
my
seat,I
can’t
quite
believe
that
I’m
about
to
travel
along
the
railway
that
many
foreign
experts
claimed
was
“impossible”.
分析:
本句包含一个宾语从句和定语从句。
Sitting
back
in
my
seat,I
can’t
quite
believe
非谓语动词
that
I’m
about
to
travel
along
the
railway
that
宾语从句
定语从句
many
foreign
experts
claimed
was
“impossible”.
插入语
句意:
坐在我的座位上,我还是不能相信我将沿着许多外国专家认为“不可能”的铁路旅行。
Step
2 Post-reading
Suppose
you
are
a
traveler,try
to
tell
the
journey
along
the
railway.
Since
our
train
left
Xining,the
song
“Sky
Railway”
has
been
playing
1.
_____________.The
first
landmark
to
2.
___________is
the
splendid
Qingshuihe
Bridge,the
world’s
longest
bridge
3.
_________permafrost.I
can
see
many
wild
animals
such
as
the
Tibetan
antelopes
moving
in
their
4.
_____________.
Tanggula
Station,the
highest
railway
station
in
the
world,is
5.
_________
over
5,000
metres
6.
_____________.Cuona
Lake
is
so
close
to
the
railway
that
I
inside
my
head
catch
my
eye
built
over
natural
habitat
located
at
above
sea
level
want
to
reach
out
and
touch
its
pale
blue
7.__________
surface.Thanks
to
our
country
and
the
railway
workers,I
can
enjoy
these
8.
_________________in
the
Qinghai-Tibet
Plateau.?
mirror-like
magical
landscapes
Pre-reading
Heaven
Road
Early
morning
standing
on
the
green
ranch
I
caught
sight
of
eagles
in
the
sun
glow
Flying
across
the
blue
sky
like
an
auspicious
cloud
And
bringing
auspiciousness
to
the
Tibetan
sons
and
daughters
It’s
really
a
magical
heaven
road
By
which
the
terrestrial
warmth
is
sent
to
the
frontier
From
now
on
the
mountains
seem
not
so
high
and
the
roads
not
so
long
Children
of
all
ethnic
groups
gather
together
happily
At
dusk
standing
on
the
high
hill
I
sighted
the
railway
built
stretching
to
my
hometown
Like
dragons
climbing
over
mountains
and
mountains
It
brings
peace
and
happiness
to
the
snowy
plateau
It’s
really
a
magical
heaven
road
Taking
us
to
the
paradise
on
earth
Highland
barley
wine
and
buttered
tea
will
be
more
aromatic
and
sweeter
Songs
of
happiness
will
spread
all
over
the
land
Have
you
ever
heard
about
this
song?
Ⅰ.Answer
the
following
questions.
1.Q:
How
many
parts
does
the
passage
contain?
A:
_____
2.Q:
What
is
the
topic
of
the
passage?
A:
The
____
Railway—the
_____________
Railway.
Two.
Sky
Qinghai-Tibet
Ⅱ.Fill
in
the
form
below.
The
travel
along
the
Sky
Railway
The
train
has
been
racing
along
steadily
since
it
left
1.______.
The
2.________
Qingshuihe
Bridge
The
3._______
Tanggula
Station
The
Cuona
Lake
with
a
pale
blue
4.__________
surface
Xining
splendid
highest
mirror-like
【主题情境思考】
Suppose
you
are
an
official
of
a
wild
animal
natural
reserve,what
can
you
do
to
protect
the
natural
habitat
in
the
area?
________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
As
an
official
of
a
wild
animal
nature
reserve,I
should
protect
the
environment
as
much
as
I
can.
I
will
advise
every
organization
to
avoid
further
destruction
of
biodiversity
and
natural
life.At
the
same
time,I
will
seed
more
trees
to
replant
forests
and
barren
mountains.?
阅读理解
How
does
an
ecosystem(生态系统)work?
What
makes
the
populations
of
different
species
the
way
they
are?
Why
are
there
so
many
flies
and
so
few
wolves?
To
find
an
answer,scientists
have
built
mathematical
models
of
food
webs,noting
who
eats
whom
and
how
much
each
one
eats.
课时素养达标
With
such
models,scientists
have
found
out
some
key
principles
operating
in
food
webs.Most
food
webs,for
instance,consist
of
many
weak
links
rather
than
a
few
strong
ones.When
a
predator(掠食动物)always
eats
huge
numbers
of
a
single
prey(猎物),the
two
species
are
strongly
linked;
when
a
predator
lives
on
various
species,they
are
weakly
linked.Food
webs
may
be
dominated
by
many
weak
links
because
that
arrangement
is
more
stable
over
the
long
term.If
a
predator
can
eat
several
species,it
can
survive
the
extinction(灭绝)of
one
of
them.And
if
a
predator
can
move
on
to
another
species
that
is
easier
to
find
when
a
prey
species
becomes
rare,the
switch
allows
the
original
prey
to
recover.The
weak
links
may
thus
keep
species
from
driving
one
another
to
extinction.
Mathematical
models
have
also
revealed
that
food
webs
may
be
unstable,where
small
changes
of
top
predators
can
lead
to
big
effects
throughout
entire
ecosystems.In
the
1960s,scientists
proposed
that
predators
at
the
top
of
a
food
web
had
a
surprising
amount
of
control
over
the
size
of
populations
of
other
species—including
species
they
did
not
directly
attack.
And
unplanned
human
activities
have
proved
the
idea
of
top-down
control
by
top
predators
to
be
true.In
the
ocean,we
fished
for
top
predators
such
as
cod
on
an
industrial
scale,while
on
land,we
killed
off
large
predators
such
as
wolves.These
actions
have
greatly
affected
the
ecological
balance.
Scientists
have
built
an
early-warning
system
based
on
mathematical
models.
Ideally,the
system
would
tell
us
when
to
adapt
human
activities
that
are
pushing
an
ecosystem
toward
a
breakdown
or
would
even
allow
us
to
pull
an
ecosystem
back
from
the
borderline.Prevention
is
key,scientists
say,because
once
ecosystems
pass
their
tipping
point(临界点),it
is
remarkably
difficult
for
them
to
return.
1.What
have
scientists
discovered
with
the
help
of
mathematical
models
of
food
webs?
A.The
living
habits
of
species
in
food
webs.
B.The
rules
governing
food
webs
of
the
ecosystems.
C.The
approaches
to
studying
the
species
in
the
ecosystems.
D.The
differences
between
weak
and
strong
links
in
food
webs.
2.A
strong
link
is
found
between
two
species
when
a
predator_______.?
A.has
a
wide
food
choice
B.can
easily
find
new
prey
C.sticks
to
one
prey
species
D.can
quickly
move
to
another
place
3.What
will
happen
if
the
populations
of
top
predators
in
a
food
web
greatly
decline?
A.The
prey
species
they
directly
attack
will
die
out.
B.The
species
they
indirectly
attack
will
turn
into
top
predators.
C.The
living
environment
of
other
species
will
remain
unchanged.
D.The
populations
of
other
species
will
experience
unexpected
changes.
4.What
conclusion
can
be
drawn
from
the
examples
in
Paragraph
4?
A.Uncontrolled
human
activities
greatly
upset
ecosystems.
B.Rapid
economic
development
threatens
animal
habitats.
C.Species
of
commercial
value
dominate
other
species.
D.Industrial
activities
help
keep
food
webs
stable.
1.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的With
such
models,scientists
have
found
out
some
key
principles
operating
in
food
webs.可知,利用这种模型,科学家们已经发现了在食物网中的一些关键的规则。故选B。
2.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段的When
a
predator
always
eats
huge
numbers
of
a
single
prey,the
two
species
are
strongly
linked可知,如果一种掠食动物一直大量吃单一的动物种类,它们就是紧密相连的。故选C。
3.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段的Mathematical
models
have
also
revealed
that
food
webs
may
be
unstable,where
small
changes
of
top
predators
can
lead
to
big
effects
throughout
entire
ecosystems.可知,当顶层的掠食动物稍微有变化时,整个生态系统就会有很大的影响。由此可知,如果顶层掠食动物的数量大幅减少,其他物种的数量也会有出乎意料的变化。故选D。
4.【解析】选A。推理判断题。第四段的例子旨在阐明,人类的计划外的活动会在很大程度上影响生态系统的平衡。故选A。
