第 六 讲：阅读理解
授课讲师： 常 辉
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复旦 2006
An expert suggested that certain criminals should be sent to prison in their own home. When the scheme was first put forward publicly, many people opposed it or hand serious reservations about it. One very experienced social worker opposed the scheme in a television interview. When asked to explain the basis for his opposition, he thought for a moment and finally confessed, ‘Well, I guess, because it’s new. That’s my only reason.’
Advocates of the scheme pointed out that courts frequently sentenced first offenders to community service of some kind rather than send them to prison. The stigma of having a criminal record was an adequate deterrent, and nothing positive was achieved by sending some types of convicted people to prison.
Some critics rushed to take extreme cases. ‘If a murderer is allowed free in the community like this, what is to prevent him from killing somebody else ’ This argument ignored the fact that nobody proposed to allow convicted murderers to use the bracelet system. One criticism put forward was that an offender could take off his bracelet and leave it at home or give it to a friend to wear while he himself wet off to commit another crime. The reply to this was that the bracelet would be made so that the computer would immediately detect any attempts to take it off or tamper with it.
A more serious objection to the scheme was that the harsh life of prison was intended to be part of the deterrent to crime. A prisoner who was allowed to live at home would suffer no particular discomfort and thus not be deterred from repeating his crime.
No immediate action was taken on the proposal. It was far too revolutionary and needed to be examined very carefully. However, the idea was not rejected. Several governments appointed experts to investigate the scheme and make recommendations for or against it.
49．People’s opinions are divided on the suggestion that .
A．some criminals should serve their terms at home
B．social workers can express themselves on TV
C. first offenders should be sentenced to community service
old offenders should be imprisoned
50．A social worker opposed the proposal for the reason that .
A．it is unique B．it is creative C．it is novel D．it is out-of-date
51．We can learn from the passage that the “bracelet” is supposed to .
A. keep the track of the offenders
detect the offender’s attempt of murder
be worn for decoration
be worn by offenders’ friends occasionally
52．The supporters of the scheme will probably agree that ______.
A．the hard life of prison may prevent some people from repeating a crime
B．the life at home is too comfortable for the prisoners
C．high-technology should be deterrent to crime
D．imprisonment will not achieve much to some offenders
53．The prospect of the advice is that _______.
A．it will be put into practice immediately
B．it will be declined by the government
C．it will be further carefully looked into
D．it will be confirmed by appointed experts
Dr Adams was tired and suffering from jet lag. His temper was not improved when he was told, on arriving more than three hours late at New Delhi, that his plane to Colombo had already gone and that there would not be another until the next day. The airline staff were very sympathetic and assured him that they had already booked him into the best hotel in the city, to which the airline bus would take him straight away. In the meantime. They hoped that Dr Adams would take the opportunity of seeing something of their historic city.
The only things Dr Adams felt he needed at that point were a bath, a change of clothes, a good breakfast and then a long sleep. The hotel was luxurious and very cool and comfortable. After he had eaten he pulled down the blinds to shut out5 the glaring Indian sun and then slept for most of the day. About 6.30 p.m. he dr4essed and went down to the hotel bar, where he got into conversation with another delegate to the Conference who came from Zambia and who would be traveling with him on the Colombo plane the next morning. They decided to dine together and explore some of the sights and sounds of India at night.
The journey to Colombo was completed without mishap and Dr Adams and his companion were met at the airport by the Conference Secretary, Mr. Mahaveli, who had been informed of their impending arrival by the airline. Mr. Mahaveli took them to their hotel, where many other delegates were already installed, and made sure that they had the program for the opening session.
On the morning of the second day of the Conference, Dr Adams read his paper, which was received with much interest. He was asked many questions by delegates in whose countries many of the problems he had discussed were commonly found. During the five days of the Conference he had opportunities to talk to agriculture experts from Jamaica, Kenya, Tanzania, India, Gambia, Australia and Nigeria and he also met some old friends who had previously been students at the Commonwealth School. He heard from many of them how they were putting all that they had learned to good use and of the problems they were trying to overcome in their own countries.
On his flight home Dr Adams could not help reflecting that the Conference had proved how valuable the sharing of information and experiences could be, as an example of true cooperation between the develope3d and the developing world.
54．Which of the following statements of is NOT true of Dr. Adams ________.
A．He was angry about his late arrival at New Delhi.
B．He was due to arrive in New Delhi late at night.
C．After dinner, he went out into the streets of New Delhi.
D．He found long journeys exhausting and tiresome.
55．All the delegates to the conference were _______.
A．students of the Commonwealth School B．from the developing countries
C．from African countries D．agricultural specialists
56．The phrase “without mishap” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “_______”.
A．on the safe side B．importance of conferences
C．sage and sound D．at ease
57．The last paragraph of the passage was mainly concerned with ________.
A．Dr. Adams’ opinion of the conference B．importance of conferences
C．an example of a major operation D．Dr. Adam’s belief in friendship
58．The passage mainly tells the reader that __________.
A．Dr. Adams was a keen sightseer B．Dr. Adams was a well-read expert
C．Dr. Adams had a meaningful trip D．developing countries needed experts of all kinds
复旦 2007
Sarah Alexander celebrated the start of her last year at Wells College the way many other seniors before her have. She ran across the picturesque campus to the shores of Cayuga Lake, where she jumped into the water.
So did many of her fellow seniors. But dozens of students decided to stay away, especially the relatively few newly arrived male students.
Wells College, which since 1868 had educated only women, began accepting men this year in hopes of bolstering its dwindling enrollment. For many students and alumnae, it was a crushing decision. After the college announced last October that it would go coeducational, about half of the students protested and two filed a lawsuit, which they later dropped.
The students ---- 33 men and 383 women ---- came to campus late last month. Both sexes are now trying to navigate the new social landscape. Mr. Phillips said “You can’t do guy stuff. Every time you want to sit and watch sports or a game, it turns into a movie.” The women were “somewhat nasty” I could see the dirty looks in their eyes.” He said, “But I was not going to let that stop me from comings.”
Wells was a place where women did not have to fuss over their appearance or fight to be taken seriously by their professor. They could enjoy the camaraderie of their campus sisters and their playful traditions. Besides jumping into the lake, the women dance around the maypole each May and kiss the feet of the statue of Minerva, the Roman goddess of wisdom, before exams.
Ms. Alexander said,”People told us we wouldn’t notice a difference, but from the moment men arrived on campus you could notice a difference. Women are waking up early to put on makeup, and that’s odd, “she said.
Henry Wells, a founder of Wells Fargo and a friend of Cornell’s benefactor, Ezra Cornell established this college, when women were not considered capable of higher learning. “Give her the opportunity,” he wrote.
The news that the college would go coed created ripples far beyond campus. One alumna wrote a letter to the college’s president, Lisa Marsh Ryerson, saying the founder would haunt her. “I believe Henry Wells would have haunted me if I let Wells College close,” said Ms. Marsh Ryerson, a Wells alumna herself.
The great-great-great-great granddaughter of Henry Wells, Stephanie Redmond, 18, of Washington State, said that earlier this year a Wells student had tracked her down and asked her to support the protest. But Ms. Redmond said the move to admit men had encouraged her to enroll at Wells this year as a freshman. She plans on a career in engineering, a male-dominated field, and said attending an all-women’s college might have put her at a disadvantage.
49. The primary reason for the Wells College to accept men is that _______.
A. its enrollment rare is in decline
B. the campus is lack of vigor and vitality
C. it will face the destiny of being closed down
D. all-women’s college might put a woman at a disadvantage
50. A typical behavior for seniors to do is that ______.
A. they jog along the picturesque campus
B. they switch sports programs to a movie
C. they celebrate their fourth year by jumping into a lake
D. they swim in Cayuga Lake accompanied by friends
51. The change after turning into a coed college is that ______.
A. dirty looks in women’s eyes have disappeared
B. women get up early to make up
C. women are waking up early to study
D. women dance with men around the maypole
52. The attitude of the author is that ______.
A. she hates a tradition of all-women schools
B. she calls on women in support of the protest
C. she dislikes the change and hopes to file a lawsuit
D. she objectively describes the new and uneasy coeducation
53. Which of the following statements is NOT true
A. The enrollment of male students caused controversy
B. The grandchildren of the college founder benefited most.
C. The current president of the college was also its graduate.
D. The founder hoped to give women opportunities of higher education.
But what is teacher quality How can one measure it reliably
An analysis is issued on a sample of data from a Texas school district. Experts argue convincingly that teacher effectiveness should be measured by students’ gains on standardized tests: Mr. Smith is presumably a better teacher than Ms. Brown if his students consistently improve their test scores more than hers do.
Though this approach is appealing, there are tricky issues. For example, what if Ms. Brown teaches in a school where students score so high there is little room for improvement
The authors try to correct for this problem, as well as other sorts of measurement issues, to generate a measurement of teacher effectiveness. The paper is primarily concerned with how this measure is related to other observable characteristics.
The first finding is that there is a large variation in teacher effectiveness: some teachers consistently have a larger impact on their students’ achievement than others.
Second, easily observable characteristics like having a master’s degree or a passing score on the teacher certification exam are not correlated with teacher effectiveness.
Then what does matter The most important single influence is experience: first-year teachers are much less effective than others. The second year is significantly better, and by the fourth year, most teachers hit their stride.
It is not entirely clear whether this experience effect is learning by doing (the more you teach, the more effective you become) or survival of the fittest (those who are not good at teaching tend to drop out early.)
From my reading of the paper, both effects appear important and there is no simple answer. The data do suggest, however, that teacher effectiveness is pretty clear by the end of the second year, so the information to make an informed decision is available at that time.
The authors also investigate the contentious issue of racial matching of students and teachers. Here they find strong evidence that minority teachers tend to be more effective with minority students. Again, it is unclear whether this is because of a role model effect (students respond better to a teacher of their own race) or an empathy effect (teachers empathize better with students of their own race) or something else entirely.
The authors also look at teacher mobility. There is some evidence that teachers who quit teaching or switch schools tend to be below average in effectiveness. This is consistent with the survival-of-the-fittest model.
54. The schoolmaster could decide wisely whether to further employ the teacher by the end of the ______.
A. the first year B. the second year
C. the third year D. the fourth year
55. The phrase “hit their stride” most probably means “______”.
A. reach their normal level B. become confident
C. walk with long steps D. get bored
56. The author of this passage holds the view that ______.
A. teachers will perform better with time passing
B. ineffective teachers should leave earlier rather than later
C. teacher’s effectiveness is apparent after a couple of years
D. a master’s degree will improve teacher’s effectiveness
57. Why do black teachers tend to be more effective with black students
A. Students fell secure, so they respond better.
B. Teachers sympathize with students of their own race.
C. There are entirely some other identified reasons.
D. The reasons are far from clear and definite.
58. Which of the following may serve as the best title
A. Tenure, Turnover and the Quality of Teaching
B. Impact of Teacher Quality on Student Learning
C. Different Sorts of Measurement Issues
D. Survival-of-the-fittest Model vs. Learning-by-doing Model
复旦 2008
If all goes according to plan, the entire North American continent will become a free trade zone devoid of tariffs, quotas, and other trade barriers some time during the 1990s. This plan is the result of recent agreements and discussions involving the United States and Canada on the one hand and the United States and Mexico on the other.
Canada. Canada and the United States are already each other's largest trading partners. In 1956, for example, the U.S. accounted for 71 percent of Canadian merchandise trade(exports plus imports); Canada accounted for 19 percent of U.S. trade. In 1988, a historic document was signed, the Canada-United States Free-Trade Agreement.
In many respects, this event seems a natural consequence of long-standing friendship, common economic interests, and geographic proximity. Nevertheless, it took more than a century to reach agreement. In the mid 1800s, after Great Britain repealed the Corn Laws, Canada proposed bilateral free trade with the United States, and a limited treaty covering natural products only was signed. However, it was abrogated during the Civil War by the United States because of close Canadian-British ties and British support for the Confederacy. After more than a century of fluctuating sentiments on the issue, the 1988 agreement finally eliminates all bilateral tariffs (in stages to be completed by 1998) and all quantitative trade restrictions. The agreement, it was thought, would particularly boost trade in agricultural products (fruits, vegetables, poultry), mining products (coal and oil), and services (banking, computer, insurance, professional and telecommunications services, plus retail and wholesale wade). Both countries expected net gains between $ 1 and 3 billion per year.
Mexico. Mexico is the third largest U.S. trading partner, accounting for 5 percent of U.S. exports plus imports (Canada and Japan account for 19 percent each); the U.S. accounts for two-thirds of Mexico's foreign trade.
In 1987, the United States-Mexico Framework Understanding put in place the first procedures ever for consultations regarding trade and investment relations between these two countries. The mechanism was set up to resolve disputes and to negotiate the removal of trade barriers as supplement to GATT. In early 1991, genuine free trade discussions were set in motion and soon joined by Canada. The goal was the creation of a hemispheric free trade zone reaching from the Yukon to the Yucatan and encompassing a market of 360 million people.
Analysts foresaw major gains associated with increased specialization and trade. They also predicted major adjustment costs in the United States where low-skill jobs would be lost to thousands of low-wage assembly plants now clustered along the U.S.- Mexican border, while high-skill jobs ranging from architecture to engineering and telecommunications would get a noticeable export boost. Another likely consequence is that the future rise in real wages south of the border would slow the flow of illegal aliens into the United States.
49. The main idea of this passage is that ( )
A. the new North American free trade zone will likely have many benefits for the countries involved
B. the United States has made great contributions to the establishment of free trade zones
C. a North American free trade zone will give the United States significant advantages in its trade with Japan
D. free trade zones will prevent illegal immigrants from entering the United States
50. The details given in the underlined sentences in Paragraph 2 ( )
A. emphasize the important role the United States played in the world trade
B. provide evidence supporting a tentative conclusion
C. illustrate how a free trade zone has worked in the past
D. add believability to the statement that Canada and the United States are important trading partners.
51. The author's likely purpose in this passage is to ( )
A. convince B. evaluate C. argue for something D. criticize
52. As used in line 5 Paragraph 3, the word abrogated means ( ) .
A. abolished B. abridged C. ignited suddenly D. ended formally
General Electric has found robots far more productive in some work than human work. In one case, a robot saved enough to pay for itself in ten months. At Ford Motor Company, about fifty small robots are deftly fitting light bulbs into dashboards and speakers into car radios.
The next phase of the computer revolution may well turn out to be the robot revolution. Robots have been fixtures in comedy and science fiction for a long time, but the first industrial robot wasn't used in the United States until 1961. Industrial robots scarcely resemble the stereotyped humanoid with flashing eyes and a control-panel chest. They're basically just combinations of a computer with very deft and efficient producing machines. What's really new, of course, is the extent to which these electronic wonders are transforming the way people work and the composition of the work force, especially in Japan. There are about 36.000 robots working in Japan and approximately 6,500 in the United States. In early 1982, Raymond Donovan, U.S. Secretary of Labor, predicted that by 1990 half the workers in U.S. factories would be specialists trained to service and repair robots.
It's easy to see why these "steel-collar workers" can be preferable to their human counterparts. They cause fewer personnel problems: they're never absent, and they never ask for more holidays, take vacations, or file grievances. They also give more consistent attention to quality control, are more efficient and effective performers, and are definitely cheaper to keep. Robots, which cost about $30,000 to $150,000 each, usually work two shifts a day. The displaced workers would draw salaries and benefits of about $790,000 a year. However, robots still cannot replace all facets of the human worker. The automated factory is feasible, but when it comes to reason and informed decisions, robots are still in the same league with machines, at least for now.
53. The details given in the underlined sentences in Paragraph 2 ( )
A. illustrate the technical superiority of Japanese technology over American technology
B. show the growth in acceptance of robot workers worldwide
C. demonstrate the need to catch up with Japanese technology
D. warn against the possibility that robot workers will displace human workers
54. In line 3 Paragraph 1, the word deftly means ( ) .
A. clumsily B. swiftly C. expensively D. skillfully
55. The writer of this passage probably ( )
A. sees a role for both robot and human factory workers
B. wants to see more robots employed in factories
C. feels threatened by robots
D. believes robots make manufacturing much easier第 七 讲：英 语 写 作 （二）
授课讲师： 常 辉
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大作文
往年试题：
Directions: write a composition of no less than 250 words according to the outline given below.
Sample 1
My View on Playing Computer Games
有人认为学生打电脑游戏有利于智力开发。
有人认为学生打电脑游戏妨碍学习。
我的观点。
Sample 2：对贫富差距加大现象谈谈看法
评分标准
Global scoring
Content
Language
2分: 条理不清， 思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。
5分：基本切题。表达思想不清，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。
8分：有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误较多，其中有一些严重错误。
11分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误
14分：切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上没有语言错误，仅有个别小错。
注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个独立的词而无法表达思想，给0分。
严重错误——语法错误
There are many reasons caused the accident.
The driver of the car no in.
The life is becoming gooder and gooder.
That day rain bigly.
The man who through the street
The car which in a fast speed hit him.
The car which in a fast speed hit him.
I got the place where happened the accident.
Our city would happen many traffic.
写作注意事项
审好题，想好再写，不要写了又划掉，也不要写完了发现字数不够有写，这样整篇文章就不联贯了。
把握好文章的重心，一般“我的观点”应该是重心。
注意写作的格式——缩进式或齐头式。
拿不准的词、短语或用法应避免使用。
表达要清晰、简洁，不必一味追求结构的复杂而尽可能多的使用从句，这样文章会显得很罗嗦。如：The economy is developing at a speed which is very fast.
注意用词和搭配。
检查-s和-ed，尽量避免严重错误。
Choice of Words
1. Three levels of English words
English native words (core) informal (oral)
French or Spanish words
Latin or Greek words (academic words) formal (written)
Examples
English French or Spanish Latin or Greek
ask inquire interrogate
break sever separate
fire flame conflagration
house abode residence
kingly royal regal
manly male masculine
rise mount ascend
time age epoch
I know that I am aware that
I believe that I am convinced that
I have a good idea. A good idea occurs to me.
Cause give rise to
Emphasize lay emphasis on
Because of due to, owing to
Stop, end come to a stop/end
Suddenly all of a sudden
Often more often than not
2. Connotation of Words (English explanation)
common, peasant, assassinate, gay, acquire, date, property, enemy, problem, issue
3. General Vs Specific terms (overuse of general terms)
beautiful, delicious, famous,
China’s English
小康社会、缘分、丞相、风水、三个代表 孔子、孟子、老子
容易用错的词
词性
lack, serve, contact, last, marry, concern, like
2. 汉语影响
more perfect, very excellent, return back, repeat again, good memory power, listening ability, high quality goods learn the knowledge
常见错误
two predicates in one simple sentence
Every year lots of familys sit at the front of TV wait this game after have delicious meal.
There have many people like SFG.
My mother cooks food is very delicious.
(2) Omission and overuse of Be
Nowday people’s life level is arise.
Many person are like watch SFG in the eve.
SFG was appeared since 1984.
SFG is liked by many people.
How fast time was gone!
SFG can divide into several parts.
We very busy.
(3) Comparative degree
more and more better
become gooder and gooder,
(4) Conjunction
because….so
although….but
While
(5) I very like SFG. Very hate
(6) Part of speech
most of we Chinese, make me surprise,
with the quick development of economic and social,
In my’s opinion, I advice to keep SFG.
eating good, drinking good, playing good;
good plays, good look, good use;
I think it dues to the development,
Let’s analysis and discovery the main factors leading the changes.
To men, women just liked clothes. they like it like me like it.
two weeks past
choose, choice, succeed, success, successful, die, dead, death
(7) Choice of words
The whole family assemble to have a dinner.
congratulate Spring Festival,
abolish (stop, give up) SFG,
sit behind the TV to look SFG,
Many people fall in love with watching SFG.
We can elect other programs to see.
celebrate SFG with bomb,
stand in the shadow/shade
mosquito bite/sting
It’s a gay meeting/party
(8) Phrases
in all in; one hand, another hand, third hand; at one hand, at second hand, at last hand; in one hand, from other hand; last but not the last, last but not most; on my opinion; A coin has two hands (coins). Everything has two hands (coins).
(9) Spelling
We can’t cansle (cancer, cancle) it.
SFG is watched by hole word.
happyness,
include (ing) SF, Every student include me enjoys
Poor people maybe very angry (hungry).
eat the soap (soup);
Benefitial
Drived
Dispite
I will adopt to the campus life
联 贯
并列：
and, as well as
on the one hand… on the other hand
for one thing….. for another
firstly….secondly….thirdly…finally
subsequently, then, thereafter, afterward, in the following …
at first, initially, originally
at last, eventually
2. 递进：
Moreover,
Furthermore,
In addition,
Additionally
What is more
Besides
Apart from…
3. 转折
But
Yet
However
Nevertheless
While
Whereas
On the contrary
In contrast
4. 结果
So
Therefore,
Thus
Hence
As a result （consequence）
Consequently
5. 原因
Because (of)
Due to
Owing to
On the account of
In view of
Thanks to
On the grounds that
6. 假设
If…..
Given that
Provided that
Unless
On the condition of
As (so) long as
7. 其他
Sentence adverbs: absolutely, alternatively, currently, undoubtedly, certainly, consequently, subsequently , obviously
(2) PP: in general, on average, in fact, in effect, in theory, in practice, in reality, in particular,
(3) Adv speaking: generally speaking, broadly speaking, strictly speaking, theoretically speaking
(4) precisely because, mainly because, merely because, only because
段落用语
Beginning:
With the development of
As is well known to
We all know that
As we all know
As a proverb says,
As a saying goes
As for… some people hold the opinion that…. While others
argue (maintain) that
Every coin has two sides.
It has merits and demerits.
It has pros and cons. Supporters and opponents
Development
Recent researches have proven/shown/indicated that
My arguments/reasons/ideas will be listed as follows:
In the following paragraph, I will
Firstly, secondly, and finally
Why is it that …..
Ending
All in all
In a word
In conclusion
In short
In summary
To sum up
To summarize
In brief
其他用语
be deeply rooted in
be in favor of
be opposed to
It goes without saying that
The past twenty years saw/witness
Chances are
No wonder
It is likely that
As time goes by
When it comes to
As illustrated/shown in the chart/table
面试：
面试的教授专业领域涵盖所有现有学科（人文科学、社会科学、技术科学、自然科学、学生德育五大类）,每大类组随机抽取1人,组成一个面试五人小组。面试前,教授们将审阅考生的各种资料,包括考生们所提交的入学申请材料和水平测试成绩等。面试时,由教授对学生一对一面试,每名学生都要“连闯五关”,与5位专家面对面交谈,累计面试时间超过1个小时。专家组将从学生博学、社会实践、兴趣、创新能力、时政了解、思想性等多方面考察学生的综合素质,并依据面试结果作出是否录取的建议。
英语面试试题
2005复旦：根据男女就业表格，给speaker写一份报告。
2006复旦：谈谈你所希望的大学生活的一天
2006交大：根据twins，identical，doctor，fun编一个故事第 四 讲：词汇知识补充与四级真题练习
授课讲师： 常 辉
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一、同根形近词
classic, classical
comparative, comparable
competent, competitive
concerned, concerning
confident, confidant, confidential
considerate, considerable, considering
credible, credulous
electric, electrical
economic, economical
emergence, emergency
healthful, healthy
historic, historical
honorable, honorary
imaginary, imaginative
industrial, industrious
installation, installment
literary, literate, literal
momentous, momentary
observation, observance
physicist, physician
respective, respectable, respectful
sensible, sensitive, sensory
spirited, spiritual
tasty, tasteful
temporal, temporary
visual, visible
二、拼写形近词
adapt, adopt, adept
alter, altar
altitude, latitude
angel, angle
affect, effect;
complement, compliment
conversation, conservation
counsel, council, consul
dessert, desert
diner, dinner
dual, duel
ethics, ethnics
fork, folk
flour, flower
idle, idol
irritate, irrigate
lesson, lessen
massage, message
peer, pear
petrol, patrol, petrel
piston, pistol
pray, prey
preposition, proposition
stationary, stationery
vocation, vacation
human, humane
suit, suite
premier, premiere
moral, morale
heroin, heroine
三、特殊拼写
absorb-absorption compare-comparison
destroy-destruction explain-explanation
proclaim-proclamation pronounce-pronunciation
repeat-repetition prevail-prevalence
reveal-revelation example-exemplify
distinguish-distinct extinguish-extinct
consume-consumption simple-simplicity
pursue-pursuit buy-purchase
bite-bait contain-content
furnish-furniture benefit-beneficial
abolish-abolition diminish-diminution
四、搭配
Noun + Prep
desire for
evidence for
gift for
reason for
have a good reputation for
have a preference for
access to
answer to
approach to
barrier to
entry to
key to
response to
reaction to
solution to
threat to
comment on
effect on
focus on
influence on
impact on
impression on
remark on
bias against
discrimination against
prejudice against
problem with
trouble with
insight into
attitude toward
Adjective + Prep
be anxious about
be arrogant about
be concerned about
be crazy about
be curious about
be enthusiastic about
be particular about
be amazed at
be astonished at
be delighted at
be disappointed at
be dismayed at
be furious at
be good at
be skilled at
be bound for
be competent for
be eager for
be famous for
be fit for
be grateful for
be indispensable for
be noted for
be notorious for
be ready for
be renowned for
be responsible for
be suitable for
be sympathy for
be well-known for
be afraid of
be ashamed of
be aware of
be capable of
be cautious of
be certain of
be confident of
be conscious of
be envious of
be fearful of
be fond of
be full of
be guilty of
be ignorant of
be independent of
be innocent of
be jealous of
be proud of
be scarce of
be short of
be sure of
be suspicious of
be tired of
be weary of
be worthy of
be absent from
be different from
be distinct from
be free from
be alert to
be beneficial to
be comparable to
be equal to
be essential to
be faithful/loyal to
be hostile to
be identical to
be immune to
be inclined to
be indifferent to
be inferior/superior to
be opposed to
be parallel to
be peculiar to
be prone to
be proportional to
be relevant to
be sensitive to
be similar to
be subject to
be vital to
prior to
previous to
be bored with
be compatible with
be consistent with
be content with
be familiar with
be fed up with
be generous with
be patient with
be popular with
be satisfied with
be harsh on
be intent on
be keen on
Verb + Prep
complain about
inquire about
be confused about
discriminate against
fight against
insure against
aim at
gaze at
glance at
glare at
knock at
laugh at
peer at
shout at
smile at
stare at
benefit from
derive from
differ/differentiate from
distinguish from
distract from
draw from
escape from
extract from
free from
isolate from
learn from
originate from
prevent/prohibit/inhibit/restrain/stop/keep/dissuade/preclude sb from doing
protect from
recover from
remove from
retire from
separate from
shift/switch/range from to
shield from
stem from
suffer from
tell from
adapt/adjust/accustom oneself to
add to
adhere to
appeal to
be attached to
attribute/ascribe/owe sth to sb
be committed to
be connected to
be doomed/destined to
be related to
be/get used/accustomed to
cater to
cling to
confine/limit/restrict to
conform to
comply to
contribute/dedicate/devote to
go back to
link to
object to
occur to
oppose to
resort/turn to
respond to
stick to
trace to
yield to
base sth on
concentrate/center/focus on sth
congratulate sb on
count on
depend on/upon
decide on
impose on/upon
insist on
operate on
reflect on/upon
rely on
spend on
associate with
be faced with
be confronted with
be infected with
be obsessed with
begin/start with
bless sb with
coincide with
combine with
endow sb with
furnish with
interfere with
meddle with
meet with
replace with
compensate for
exchange/trade sth for
long for
mourn for/over
qualify for
scold/blame sb for sth
substitute sth for
yearn for
accuse sb of sth
approve sb of sth
assure sb of sth
convince sb of
deprive sb of sth
inform sb of sth
notify sb of sth
remind sb of sth
rob sb of sth
suspect sb of sth
warn sb of sth
assist in
believe in
be absorbed/engrossed in
be involved in
be located/situated in
break in
engage in
lie in
major in
participate in
persist in
specialize in
succeed in
be proud of
take pride in
be confident of
have confidence in
be faithful to
have faith in
be full of
fill with
apply for/to
be concerned about/with
compare with/to
consist in/of
deal with/in
dwell on/in
result in/from
at/with ease
五、同义词辨析
acquire, get
affect, effect
appointment, date
belongings, possession, property
choose, select
compare, contrast
common, ordinary, average
client, customer
occupation, profession, career
owing to, due to, thanks to
question, problem, issue
raw, crude, original
realistic, practical
steady, stable
valid, efficient, effective
四级真题练习
1. First published in 1927, the charts remain an ______ source for researchers.
A) intelligent B) indispensable C) inevitable D) identical
2. There is a _____ of impatience in the tone of his voice.
A) dot B) hint C) notion D) phrase
3. Deserts and high mountains have always been a ______ to the movement of people from place to place.
A) jam B) barrier C) fence D) prevention
4. Joe is not good at sports, but when it ____ mathematics, he is the best in the class.
A) comes up to B) comes around to C) comes to D) comes on to
5. Please ______ dictionaries when you are not sure of word spelling or meaning.
A) search B) seek C) inquire D) consult
6. Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has _____ the quality of the programs.
A) affected B) effected C) lessened D) declined
7. She keeps a supply of candles in the house in case of power _____.
A) drop B) lack C) failure D) absence
8. For more than 20 years, we've been supporting educational programs that _____ from kindergartens to colleges.
A) spread B) shift C) move D) range
9. I was so _____ in today's history lesson. I didn’t understand a thing.
A) confused B) neglected C) amused D) amazed
10. I must congratulate you _____ the excellent design of the new bridge.
A) with B) at C) on D) of
11. Now that spring is here, you can _____ these fur coats till you need them again next winter.
A) put over B) put off C) put down D) put away
12. I went along thinking of nothing _______ only looking at things around me.
A) in brief B) in doubt C) in harmony D) in particular
13. In order to make things convenient for the people, the department is planning to set up some _____ shops in the residential area.
A) flowing B) mobile C) drifting D) Unstable
14. The lecture which lasted about three hours was so ____that the audience couldn't help yawning.
A) tedious B) clumsy C) bored D) tired
15. It ____ you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenses when you buy both.
A) credits B) entitles C) presents D) tips
16. When carbon is added to iron in proper ____, the result is steel.
A) rates B) densities C) proportions D) thicknesses
17. Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a _____ for smoking.
A) succession B) substitute C) revival D) relief
18. The board of the company has decided to _____ its operations to include all aspects of the clothing business.
A) multiply B) stretch C) lengthen D) expand
19. The test results are beyond _____; they have been repeated in labs all over the world.
A) conflict B) dispute C) bargain D) negotiation
20. His business was very successful, but it was at the _____ of his family life.
A) exhaustion B) consumption C) credit D) expense
21. Though she began her _ by singing in a local pop group, she is now a famous Hollywood movie star.
A) employment B) career C) occupation D) profession
22. Considering your salary, you should be able to at least twenty dollars a week.
A) put forward B) put up C) put out D) put aside
23. Mrs. Morris's daughter is pretty and _ , and many girls envy her.
A) slender B) light C) faint D) minor
24. Salaries for positions seem to be higher than for permanent ones.
A) legal B) optional C) voluntary D) temporary
25. Science and technology have in important ways to the improvement of agricultural production.
A) attached B) assisted C) contributed D) witnessed
26. He never arrives on time and my is that he feels the meetings are useless.
A) preference B) conference C) inference D) reference
27. Only those who can to lose their money should make high-risk investments.
A) maintain B) sustain C) endure D)afford
28. The writer was so ______ in her work that she didn’t notice him enter the room
A) absorbed B) abandoned C) focused D) centered
29. Actually , information technology can ______ the gap between the poor and the rich .
A) link B) break C) ally D) bridge
30. Mass advertising helped to _______ the emphasis from the production of goods to their consumption
A) vary B) shift C) lay D) moderate
31. Because of his excellent administration , people lived in peace and _____ and all previously neglected matters were taken care of .
A) conviction B) contest C) consent D) content
32. Showing some sense of humor can be a(n) _______ way to deal with some stressful situation
A) effective B) efficient C) favorable D) favorite
33. The native Canadians lived in _______ with nature , for they respected nature as a provider of life
A) coordination B) acquaintance C) contact D) harmony
34. For professional athletes , _______ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the history books
A) access B) attachment C) appeal D) approach
35. All the arrangements should be completed _______ your departure.
A) prior to B) superior to C) contrary to D) parallel to
36. It is said in some parts of the world, goats, rather than cows, serve as a vital _____of milk.
A) storage B) reserve C)resource D)source
37. It's good to know that quite a few popular English expressions actually _____ from the Bible.
A) acquire B) obtain C) derive D) result
38. It's very _____ of you not to talk aloud while the baby is asleep.
A) concerned B) careful C) considerable D) considerate
39. There is no _____ evidence that people can control their dreams, at least in experimental situations in a lab.
A) rigid B) solid C) smooth D) harsh
40. Some plants are very _____ to light; they prefer the shade.
A) sensible B) flexible C) objective D) sensitive第三讲：语法知识补充与四级真题练习
授课讲师： 常 辉
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一、非谓语动词
● 动词不定式 (bare) infinitive
● 动名词 gerund (doing, being done, having done) 动词、名词性
● 分词：现在分词present participle (doing, being done, having done, having been done) 和过去分词 past participle 动词、形容词、副词性
不定式和动名词做宾语
（1）后接二者做宾语的动词
a. 没有差别 like, love, hate, begin, continue,
b. 有差别 forget, remember, regret, try, mean,
stop
（2） 只能接一种的动词
a. 只能接不定式 agree, aim, ask, attempt, decide, determine, demand, desire, expect, intend, manage, order, pretend, promise, want
b. 只能接动名词 advise, appreciate, avoid, finish, enjoy, suggest, recommend, admit, consider, mind, resist, give up, put off, keep on, can’t help, require, need, want
2. 后接不带to的不定式
（1）感官、使役动词
see, notice, watch, hear, let, make, feel, look at, listen to, (help) doing or do
（2）其他
had better, would rather, prefer … rather than, why not.
3. 不定式做宾语补足语
allow, ask, cause, command, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, invite, oblige, order, permit, request, require, tell, urge, want
4. 动名词的复合结构 one’s doing
Do you mind opening the door
Do you mind my opening the door
I appreciate your coming to see me.
5. 分词的差别和选用
（1）差别
现在分词 主动 正在进行
过去分词 被动 已经完成
（2）选用（首先应用一个简单句只能有一个独立的谓语这一原则）
a. 看其与逻辑主语之间的关系
b. 意义
6. 独立主格结构
特点：分词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
Weather permitting, we will go fishing.
There being many people over there, something must have happened.
往年四级题
Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely ___ to the outside world.
having been lost B. to be lost C. losing D. lost
2. Although a teenager, Fred could resist ____ what to do and what not to do.
being told B. telling C. to be told D. to tell
3. What a lovely party! It’s worth ____ all my life.
A. remembering B. to remember
C. to be remembered D. being remembered
4. We left the meeting, there obviously ___ no pint in staying.
A. were B. being C. to be D. having
5. ___ their work will give us a much better feel for the wide difference between the two schools of thought.
A. To have reviewed B. Having reviewed
C. Reviewing D. Being reviewed
6. Sometimes children have trouble ___ fact from fiction and may believe that such things actually exist.
A. to separate B. separating C. for separating D. of separating
7. He wasn’t appointed chairman of the committee, ___ not very popular with its members.
A. to be considered B. considering
C. being considered D. having considered
8. Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when ___alone.
seen B. is seen C. to be seen D. having been seen
9. All flights ___ because of the terrible weather, they had to go there by train.
Having been canceled B. had been canceled
C. Having canceled D. were canceled
二、定语从句
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
1．关系词
句子成分 代替人 代替物 代替人或物
关系代词 主语 who which that
宾语 whom which that
关系形容词 定语 whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)
关系副词 状语 时间 地点 原因 方式
when where why
This is the way I get used to.
2. 关系代词的几点特殊用法
如果先行词是all, much, anything, (something), nothing, everything, none等不定代词，关系代词只用that，不用which。
(2) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom。
Is there anyone here who will go with you
(3) 如果先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。例如：
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(4). 介词＋关系代词
“介词＋关系代词” 可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词＋关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。
(2) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中不能将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
3. 非限定性的定语从句
与先行词关系松散，可有可无。
它可以指主句的全部内容。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
往年四级题
Government reports examination compositions，legal documents and most business letters are the main situations ____ formal language is used.
A) in which B) on which C) at what D) in that
2. The hours _____ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.
A) in which B) on which C) when D) that
3. Beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers,______ overall consumption is significantly higher than that of women.
A) whose B) which C) that D) what
4. Living in the western part of the country has its problems, ____ obtaining fresh water is not the least.
A) with which B) for which C) of which D) which
5. I‘ve never been to Beijing, but it’s the place _______.
A) where I'd like to visit B) in which I'd like to visit
C) I most want to visit D) that I want to visit it most
6. A survey was carried out on the death rate of new born babies in that region, ____ were surprising.
A) as results B) which results
C) the results of it D) the results of which
We need a chairman _______.
A) for whom everyone has confidence
B) in whom everyone has confidence
C) who everyone has confidence of
D) whom everyone has confidence on.
8. The course normally attracts 20 students per year, _____ up to half will be from overseas.
A) in which B) for whom C) with which D) of whom
9. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded ___ other more well-informed experimenters failed.
A) which B) that C) what D) where
10. I have kept that portrait _______ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.
A) which B) where C) whether D) when
11. Areas _____ students have particular difficulty have been treated with particular care.
A) that B) which C) where D) when
12. There are signs ____ restaurants are becoming more popular with families.
A) that B) which C) in which D) whose
三、虚拟语气
Were 型的虚拟语气
(1) If 引导的条件句中
对过去的虚拟：从句 had done， 主句 would have done
对现在的虚拟：从句-ed或were，主句would ＋动词原形
对将来的虚拟：从句-ed, were to do, should do; 主句 would＋动词原形
复合形式：
If 省略，助动词倒装
If it were not for sth, Were it not for sth
If it had not been for sth, Had it not been for sth
(2) wish （对过去的虚拟 had done， 对现在、将来的虚拟 –ed）
(3) would rather (宁愿) + 宾语从句 （-ed）
(4) would that (但愿)+ 宾语从句 （-ed）
(5) as if （对过去的虚拟 had done， 对现在、将来的虚拟 –ed）
(6) but for
2. should 型的虚拟语气
suggest, advise, propose, recommend, order, demand, insist, ask, request
(1). 宾语从句中：
(2). 同位语从句中：My suggestion is that …
(3). 主语从句中(It is essential, necessary, important, crucial, vital that …, It is Ved that … e.g. It is required that ….
(5) lest, for fear that 引导的从句中
(6) prefer后的宾语从句
往年四级题
We booked rooms at the hotel ____ we should find no vacancies on our arrival.
A. whenever B. if C. since D. lest
2. the storm, the ship would have reached its destination on time.
A) But for B) In case of C) In spite of D) Because of
3. The article suggests that when a person ____ under unusual stress he should be especially careful to have a well-balanced diet.
A) is B) were C) be D) was
4 . Many a delegate was in favor of his proposal that a special committee _______ to investigate the incident.
were set up B) was set up C) be set up D) set up
5. Jack wishes that he ____ business instead of history when he was in university.
A. studied B. study C. had been studying D. had studied
6 . It is important that the hotel receptionist ____ that guests are registered correctly.
A) has made sure B) made sure C) must make sure D) make sure
7. Who would you rather ___ with you, George or me
going B. to go C. have gone D. went第五讲：完形填空
授课讲师： 常 辉
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复旦 2006
During Washington’s presidency, many important things happened. The first national 39 was completed. The total number of U.S. citizens was then 3,929,214. 40 , the Bill of Rights became law on December 15,1791. These ten laws make sure that Americans will have basic freedoms, 41 freedom of speech and freedom of religion.
Washington helped to shape the beginning of the United States in three important ways. First, he commanded the Continental Army that won 42 from Great Britain in the Revolutionary War. Second, he 43 as president of the convention that wrote the United States Constitution. Third, he was the first man 44 president of the United States.
No other American has been honored 45 than Washington. The nation’s 46 , Washington, D.C., was named for him. The state of Washington is the only state that was named for a president. Many counties, towns, cities, streets, bridges, lakes, parks, and schools have his name today. Washington’s portrait appears on postage stamps, on the one-dollar bill, and on the quarter. His birthday is also a 47 holiday.
The people of his day loved Washington very much, His army officers wanted to make him king, but he did not let them. From the time of the Revolution War, his birthday 48 celebrated throughout the country.
39．A．census B．prospecting C．counting D．accounting
40．A．After all B．As a result C．First of all D．In addition
41．A．for instance B．such as C．despite D．besides
42．A．withdrawal B．secession C．independence D．reliance
43．A．became B．knew C．served D．trained
44．A．devoted B．erected C．selected D．elected
45．A．more B．rather C．less D．other
46．A．council B．capital C．region D．area
47．A．local B．municipal C．federal D．provincial
48．A．has been B．was C．is D．had been
复旦 2007
What is the thing called happiness For centuries, people were too busy pursuing it ___39___ much time analyzing it. Now a pioneering band of researchers has finally bagged the elusive quarry or at least taken its measure. Using such sophisticated new tools ___40___ the five-item Life Satisfaction Scale and the seven-point Delighted-Terrible Scale (On a scale of one to seven, how do you feel about your life ), social psychologists have plumbed the heart of happiness. And their answer to the age-old ___41___ is that it all depends.
Happiness, that is, ___42___ what makes you feel happy, which is why psychologists often call it “subjective well-being.” But from studies of various age and population groups in the United States and abroad, they have reached some ___43___ conclusions on the makings of happiness. What comes up ___44___ at the top of the charts is not, as many might expect, success, youth, good looks or any of those ___45___ assets. The clear winner is relationship, close ones, followed by happy marriage. Supportive, intimate connections with other people seem ___46___ important. Using simple survey questions, psychologist David Myers found that the ___47___ happy people are those in unhappy marriages. Happiest are those who married ___48___ their “best friend”.
39. A. to spend B. spending C. has spent D. have spent
40. A. like B. alike C. as D. for instance
41. A. psychology B. mystery C. solution D. trick
42. A. result in B. leans against C. depends on D. arrives at
43. A. realistic B. idealistic C. objective D. individualistic
44. A. endlessly B. contradictorily C. harmoniously D. consistently
45. A. enviable B. reliable C. inevitable D. endurable
46. A. vastly B. tremendously C. swiftly D. basically
47. A. most B. best C. least D. worst
48. A. to B. with C. for D. off
复旦 2008
Arguing that pop culture is not dumping us down but making us more intelligent is guaranteed to generate media buzz. In the United States, Everything Bad is Good for You, the new book by the American pop science writer, Steven Johnson, has sparked a flurry of comment, much of it 57( ) his claims about the beneficial effects of watching reality TV and The Sopranos.
Much attention has focused more on Johnson's observations that computer games require 58 ( ), forward planning, lateral thinking and sustained problem solving and, as such, offer a cognitive workout that can benefit 59( ) mental development.
In the past few years academics, teachers and software developers have experimented with different ways to harness the cognitive 60( ) of games in more directed ways.
Gee, author of What Video Games Have to Teach Us About Learning and Literacy, argues that the best games offer a 61( ) learning experience and suggests teachers can learn useful lessons by looking at how games draw players in and 62( ) them to concentrate and tackle complex problems.
"Academic areas, like biology or history, are themselves like games," Gee says. "Scientists act and interact 63( ) certain identities and values and use knowledge and information to accomplish certain sorts of goals. So learning science should be about learning how to 'play the game' of science." Obviously he is critical 64 ( ) "skill and drill" teaching, which focuses on lists of facts and repetitive testing.
57. A. depended on B. centered on C. circulated through D. clustered round
58. A. concentration B. determination C. perseverance D. tolerance
59. A. complete B. extraordinary C. thorough D. overall
60. A. reforms B. innovations C. reproductions D. revision
61. A. model B. moral C. morale D. mode
62, A. propel B. motivate C. provoke D. compel
63. A. on account of B. on the strength of C. in defiance of D. in terms of
64. A. with B. of C. at D. in第 2 讲：语法与词汇（往年真题解析）
授课讲师： 常 辉
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第一部分 复旦试题 2006
31．The score that a student obtains before any adjustment and transformation is called the score.
A．bare B．raw C．primitive D．crude
此题考的是搭配，raw score“原始分”。C和D也都是“原始的”，但搭配不同，C用于primitive society，D用于crude oil。
32．The play is so intriguing that the audience quickly identified the actors and actresses.
A．by B．for C．with D．on
此题考的也是搭配，短语be identified with“与…有同感”。
33．When the chief executive officer was invited to play the piano at the end of the concert, she performed a piece without .
A．inspection B．investigation C．manipulation D．rehearsal
此题考的是生词。
34．The multi-millionaire has reached the point money no longer makes much difference to him.
A．that B．which C．when D．where
本题考点是定语从句，只要分析从句中的句子成分，便可以很快找出答案。这里从句有主语，有完整的谓语，先行词一定是做状语。point, situation等表示事态、情况、程度等的一些词在用于定语从句时后面的连词要用where或in which。再比如，we're just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.
35．Helen her former classmate when she was on the train bound for Germany.
A．ran into B．hit on C．bumped against D．rushed at
此题考的是短语。
36．A series of lectures have the students’ interest in science and technology.
A．arisen B．enforced C．risen D．aroused
此题考的是形近词辨析，rise，raise，arise和arouse是非常容易考的形近词。
37．The story goes that Narcissus saw his handsome in the lake and became intoxicated in his good image.
A．reflection B．identity C．impression D．projection
此题考的也是生词。
38．The jury eventually reached a(n) verdict on the basis of law and witnesses’ testimony.
A．ignorant B．pure C．secure D．legitimate
此题考的也是生词。
第二部分 复旦试题 2007
31. They are fed up the old daily routine.
A．with B．of C．at D．On
此题考的是搭配，be fed up with，也要注意其他同义搭配be tired of，be weary of。
32. He is such a(n) teacher that he has devoted all his time and energy to his students.
A．conscientious B．conscious C．academic D．scientific
此题考的是生词加形近词辨析，A和B非常相似以迷惑考生，答案会在这样的选项中产生。
33. We are looking for someone with a real sense of to the job.
A．committee B．commitment C．community D．commission
此题考的是形近词辨析，尤其是A和B，更相近。
34. There are fewer working hours in the executive jobs, the job stress is comparatively higher.
A．that B．where C．which D．what
本题考点也是定语从句，只要分析从句中的句子成分，便可以很快找出答案。这里从句有主语，有完整的谓语，先行词一定是做状语，只有where。
35. Since you are to the seafood, you’d better avoid eating it.
A．sensible B．sentimental C．sensitive D．sensory
本题考的是形近词辨析，由词根sens加不同后缀构成的词，可以借助于英文解释。
36. During the celebration, fireworks have been at the bay.
A．set out B．set about C. set up D．set off
本题考的是由set引导的四个短语动词。
37. They declared the war, for they believed that country had _____the weapons of mass destruction.
A．liberated B．countered C. approved D．proliferated
本题考的是生词，除了liberate比较熟悉外，其他三个选项都有可能不认识。
38. The journalist reported the of children labors who had worked many days on end.
A．expansion B．expedition C．exploitation D．exploration
本题考的也是生词， C和D又有些形近。
第三部分 复旦试题 2008
33. At 85, Doris, single, diabetic and living alone, was becoming increasingly forgetful and （ ）.
A. acute B. frail C. significant D. offensive
本题考的是生词。
34．Just because you've got your degree doesn't mean that you can rest（ ） your laurels．
A．with B．at C．on D．behind
本题考的是搭配，rest on one’s laurels意思是“吃老本、不思进取”。
35．Professor Hill reveals the principles which（ ）the political ideology and actions of the party during the l920s．
A．expounded B．erased C．embraced D．underlay
本题考的是生词。
37．（ ） the quality of the runners, I think this week's 800 meters final could produce a new Olympic record．
A．Judging from B．Be judged by C．Judged by D．To judge from
此题考的是非谓语动词的一种，分词。
38．Failure to （ ）with the regulations can result in a $20,000 fine or a six-month prison sentence．
A．compete B．comply C．consult D．coincide
此题考的是生词加搭配，comply with是遵守的意思。
39. We have to （ ）our original plan if unfortunately this one doesn’t work out.
A．fall under B．fall behind C．fall to D．fall back on
此题考的是由fall引导的四个短语动词。
40. It could soon be an offence to publish articles or photos which （ ） personal relationships, finances or health．
A．intrude on B．tear at C．break up D．mess with
此题考的是短语。
41．You can （ ）the temperature in the house by adjusting the thermostat and the radiators．
A．regulate B．enlarge C．itch D．elude
此题考的是生词。
42．Literary scholars are piecing together her last unpublished novel from （ ）of a recently discovered manuscript．
A．portions B．sections C．fragments D．sessions
此题考的是同义词辨析，四个词都有“部分”的意思。
43．I think you should examine their（ ）in offering to lend you the money．
A．motivation B．stimulus C．motive D．compensation
此题考的是同义词辨析，四个词都有“部分”的意思。
44．The assassination could do serious damage to the （ ）peace agreement that was signed last month．
A．delicate B．wretched C．organic D．fragile
此题考的是生词加同义词辨析，A和D都有“容易遭到破坏”的意思。
45. He has some information that I want so I’m going to try to ( ) it out of him over a drink.
A. coax B. soothe C. commend D. commence
此题考的是生词加搭配，coax sb out of sth。
46. Do you think you could ( ) something for hanging my clothes on until I can get a wardrobe
A. ruffle B. contrive C. revive D. evoke
此题考的是生词。
47. The results of the recent research will ( ) the mystery of the creation of the Universe.
A. bristle B. gleam C. glimpse D. illuminate
此题考的也是生词。
48. Any manufacturer who does not conform to the standards could be ( ) under the Consumers Protection Act, 1987.
A. condemned B. prosecuted C. executed D. jettisoned
此题考的也是生词。
第四部分 交大样题
1. She was thankful that he’d had her baby in hospital; otherwise the baby _________.
A. died B. might have died C. had died D. might die
此题考的是虚拟语气，要清楚主句、从句中的句型。
2. Small computers need only small amount of power, ________ means that they will run on small batteries.
A. that B. which C. it D. this
此题考的是定语从句，非限定性的，比较简单。
3. It’s high time we ________ something to stop air pollution.
A. do B. did C. should do D. must do
此题考的是虚拟语气，要分清是were型的，还是should型的。
4. That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but _______ the police.
A. called in B. calling in C. to call it D. call in
此题考的是句型have no choice but to do.
5. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios _______ after 11 o’clock at night.
A. not be played B. not to play C. were not played D. did not play
此题考的是虚拟语气，要分清是were型的，还是should型的。
6. The last man ______ the sinking ship was the captain.
A. left B. to be leaving C. to leave D. leaving
此题考的是非谓语动词做定语。
7. The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied ______ in the area on the night of the fire.
A. to be B. to have been C. having been D. be
此题考的是非谓语动词做宾语。
8. _______ your opinions were worth considering, the committee finds it unwise to place too much importance on them.
A. As B. Since C. Provided D. While
此题考连词的意义和用法。
9. There _____ no further business, the meeting came to a stop.
A. being B. been C. was D. had been
此题考的是独立主格结构。
10. After _____ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
A. interviewing B. interviewed C. having interviewed D. being interviewed
此题考的是非谓语动词，先找到动词的逻辑主语，再看二者的关系，即可确定其形式。
11. With all the things she needed ____, she would leave the market for the streets of the town to spend another hour.
A. buy B. bought C. buying D. to have bought
考点同10。
12. The singer and dancer ____ our evening.
A. is to attend B. are to attend C. were to attend D. is attended
此题考主谓一致，只有一个冠词表示同一个人，谓语用单数。
13. The shop doesn’t have any brown sugar in ____ at the moment, but they expect to have some tomorrow.
A. stock B. sale C. demand D. trade
此题考搭配in stock。
14. I should be very ____ if you would post this letter for me.
A. thanking B. grateful C. accepted D. pleasing
此题考同义词辨析。
15. Let me know if any difficulties _____.
A. raise B. rise C. happen D. arise
此题考形近词辨析。
16. The business donated one million dollars to the hospital, but he didn’t want to have his name known to the public and he wished to remain _____.
A. obscure B. veiled C. anonymous D. unanimous
此题考的是生词。
17. It should be very cold for this time of year, and the high temperatures are ______.
A. abnormal B. unique C. nasty D. scarce
此题考的是生词。
18. We had a wonderful holiday, only the last two days were slightly _____ by the weather.
A. damaged B. ruined C. spoiled D. wasted
此题考的是同义词辨析，都有“毁坏”的意思。
19. The new law will take _____ from the beginning of next month.
A. force B. power C. influence D. effect
此题考的是同义词辨析中的搭配take effect“生效”。
20. They say it’s all the tall buildings in this area that make the _____ on television sets so bad.
A. reception B. programme C. quality D. station
此题要注意介词on，如果换成in答案就不同了。
21. It takes a while to _____ to your surroundings after a long flight.
A. settle B. adjust C. fit D. adopt
此题考的是搭配adjust to。
22. After the meeting, the staff went back to their ______ offices.
A. respected B. respectful C. respective D. respectful
此题考形近词辨析，由respect加不同后缀构成。
23. After the car accident she suffered brain ______ and couldn’t speak.
A. destruction B. disease C. harm D. damage
此题考同义词辨析。
24. The ______ for the flat is ＄80 weekly.
A. price B. cost C. hire D. rent
此题考同义词辨析。
25. In ______ of value for money, this is the best car I’ve ever bought.
A. sense B. light C. regards D. terms
此题考的是短语的固定搭配。第 七 讲：英 语 写 作 （一）
授课讲师： 常 辉
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概况：
写作是交大自主招生英语考题最重要的部分，不仅分值高，而且字数要求也高。
小作文是应用文，一般是书信。
大作文一般是议论文，对某种社会现象做出评论，试卷给出提纲，字数不少于250。
难点：
应用文要记清楚格式
大作文要在有限的时间内写出够字数的文章。中学生写的作文基本上都在100词左右，要写250词，考生必须好好构思一下，想想怎样才能写长，又避免写一些与题目不相干的东西。
往年试题：书信
Sample 1:
Suppose you are a newspaper editor and have received the following letter from your reader. Write a reply to him and offer your advice.
Dear editor,
I’m 18 years old. Like many other university students, I’ve fallen in love with a girl who is in the same department as me. But I have no courage to tell her, because she is younger than me and only treats me as a brother. I am afraid of being laughed at by her roommates, and I am afraid of losing our friendship after telling her the truth. What can I do Just keep the love in heart
Yours
Michael
Sample 2:
以书信的方式应聘一个动物园的管理员，写出正确的英语信封的收寄件人的函件形式。
书信写法
格式
（1）发信人地址和写信日期
通常写在第一页右上角
（2）收信人地址
事物信函中还要写清收信人的姓名和地址，位于称呼上面，格式与发信人一样，私人信件常省略。
（3）称呼
收信人地址下面两行处，英国人多用逗号，美国人多用冒号。Dear Professor/Prof. Wang, Dear Mr./Dr. Zhang, Dear Ms Li。收信人不详 Dear Sir or Madam: To whom it may concern:
（4）正文（两种格式: 缩进式或齐头式）
（5）结尾语及署名 Yours sincerely, Love, Best wishes 可左可右
Sample
Department of English
Shanghai Jiaotong Univ.
Shanghai, 200240
China
Nov. 20, 2008
Editor
Newsweek International
555 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10022
U. S. A
Dear Editor,
正文
Yours sincerely.
Wang Linjun
信封写法
收信人的全名和地址要写在信封中间，发信人的姓名和地址写在信封的左上角，都要先写姓名再写地址，地址从小到大，最后是邮编。
Li Mingwei
Department of English stamp
Shanghai Jiaotong Univ.
Shanghai, 200240
China
Prof. Richard Smith
555 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10022
U. S. A
信件语言
邀请类：
I’m writing on behalf of all the members of …to ask/invite …
We would be very grateful if you could …
I wonder if you could ….
申请类：
I am writing to ask whether you could send me some
information about ….
I am writing to you in the hope that I may obtain an opportunity
I am writing to apply for …
结束语
Look forward to your reply, best wishes, best regards
便 条
便条是为不同目的而写的简短信函，它的形式比一般书信简单，多为非正式文体。
注意便条的日期一定要写清楚，最好不要完全使用数字，因为英国英语和美国英语的日期写法不一致。如10/2/99，对英国人和大多数欧洲人来说是99年2月10日，但对美国人来说却是99年10月2日。
Feb. 12
Helen,
I have to meet my friend at the airport this afternoon, so I cannot go shopping with you. Can we make another time
Michael第一讲：近年自主招生英语试卷解读及应试策略
授课讲师： 常 辉
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第一部分 题型分析
（一）复旦大学
复旦大学的自主招生考题由200个选择题组成，共1000分，英语共30题左右，包括语法与词汇、完形填空和阅读理解三种题型。
特点是：词汇量、阅读量、知识量较大
（二）上海交通大学
独立的一张卷，内容更加丰富，题型更加多变。最初的题型包括听力理解（短对话、短文和做笔记填空）、阅读理解、语法与词汇、翻译和作文。
最近几年取消了语法、听力和翻译部分，加大了对阅读和词汇的考察，增加了完形填空。其最显著
的特点是两篇作文，一小一大，往往占一半分数。
特点：词汇量大、作文是大餐，四、六级特点明显。
第二部分 复旦大学英语自主招生考题分析
（一）语法与词汇
此部分考察语法、固定搭配、短语、形近词辨析、同义词辨析以及生词。06、07年各8题，08年16题。
语法题一般只有一个题，考察的重点是定语从句和非谓语动词等。如There are fewer working hours in the executive jobs, the job stress is comparatively higher.（A．that B．where C．which D．what）。
固定搭配题主要考短语中的介词，每年至少考一题，如be identified with（2006），be fed up with（2007），rest on one’s laurels（2008）。这里的第二个短语比较基础，第一个短语稍有难度，最后一个短语有点偏，意思是“满足于已取得的成绩、不思进取”。固定搭配还可能考一些其他短语，如raw score（原始分数）（2006）。在以前的大学英语四级考试词汇部分中经常出现这类搭配，如prevailing winds（季风），intensive care（重病护理）。固定搭配在最近几年的大学英语教学中越来越受到重视，势必也会在考试中得以体现。考生在平时学习英语时要多注意词汇的搭配使用。
对短语的考察多是一些动词短语，尤其是由一个动词构成的不同动词短语，如set out，set about，set off，set up，fall behind，fall back on，fall to，fall under，要注意区分它们的不同意思和用法。
对形近词的考察有两种，一是拼写比较相似的词，如rise，raise，arise，arouse。另一种是同一个词根加不同后缀构成的词，如sensitive，sensible，sensory。同义词辨析如fragments，sections，portions。如果记不牢的话，这类题很容易选错，考生可以记它们的英文解释。
生词题的比重最大，尤其2008年的试题，16个题目中的11个都可以归为生词题。这类题目就是考察学生的词汇量，要求背一些大学英语四、六级词汇。对词汇量要求越来越高也是英语自主招生考试的一个总体趋势。
（二）完形填空
此部分考察学生的英语综合能力，涉及到阅读理解能力、逻辑推理能力、词的用法、固定搭配、对短语的掌握、形近词和同义词辨析以及语法知识等。这一部分有个别的难词，如census，municipal，secession，morale，provoke。
如果时间允许，做完这一部分题目后再核查一遍是非常必要的，因为此时的文章应该语法结构正确，语义准确，上下文逻辑关系严密，意思连贯。首先，考生可以从整个语篇上看答案是否符合文章的主题和逻辑关系，以及作者的态度和意图。其次，考生可以从以下几方面对所选答案进行核查：一、所选答案是否符合本句内容，是否能使上下文连贯，与全文意思是否协调；二、所选答案是否符合某种固定搭配；三、所选答案是否符合某种句型、时态、体态、语态或语气的特殊要求，如虚拟语气；四、选项本身或临近的词有无特殊要求，如有些动词后面只接动名词或不定式。核查时如果拿不准，仍应相信第一感觉。
（三）阅读理解
此部分题材涉及面较广，有社会问题，如教师素质，历史文化、经济、人物传记等，去年出现了有关机器人的科普性文章。此部分的主要题型包括细节题、推断题、词义或短语意思题、文章或段落大意题。前两种类型的题目居多，这与大学英语四级考试的阅读比较相似。
最后，考题中每年会有一道英文课外知识题。比如，06年的一道题给出了1863年Abraham Lincoln 所做的“葛底斯堡演说”的第一句话，问这是哪个国家的。
第三部分 上海交通大学英语自主招生考题分析
（一）词汇题
以同义词辨析、形近词辨析、短语固定搭配以及生词为主。近年增加了对词汇量的要求。与复旦大学考题不同的是，交大这个题型中有不少同义词辨析题。
同义词辨析如effect, influence, force, power; suit, adjust, adapt, fit; price, cost, expense
形近词辨析如rise, raise, arise; respective, respectful, respectable。
固定搭配如：take effect, in terms of, in stock。
生词如obscure, unanimous, anonymous。
（二）完形填空和阅读
与大学英语四级考试试题比较相似。完型填空有15个题，阅读中每篇文章5个题目，题型也主要包括细节题、推断题、词义或短语意思题、文章或段落大意题。
（三）写作
写作是交大自主招生英语考题最重要的部分，不仅分值高，而且字数要求也高。
小作文是应用文，一般是书信。
大作文一般是议论文，对某种社会现象做出评论，试卷给出提纲，字数不少于250。
这里的难点是：
应用文要记清楚格式；
大作文要在有限的时间内写出够字数的文章。中学生写的作文基本上都在100词左右，要写250词，考生必须好好构思一下，想想怎样才能写长，又避免写一些与题目不相干的东西。
