24.备战高考完形填空专题突破之二（教师版+学生版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
一．文章及选项特点：
文章选材科学，结构清晰，主题明显，但文章阅读难易度指数(Readibility)一般较大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型之一。
选项以实词为主，虚词为辅，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优选择。
二、解题原则：
1.语义优先于语法原则
文章的开头部分尤其是第一句话不设空格，它起到的作用是对所选短文的题材和可能涉及的内容作简单的介绍或提示，并且不同于全国卷和其他各种考试类型(如考研等)中的完形填空，单纯的语法题已从该题型中彻底消失。如果一味按照语法规则来选择答案，就必定陷入了答题误区，无任何选项得以被排除。
每一题脱离语境上下文后四个选项都必定符合语法规则。所以理解文章的主旨大意，快速识别语篇类型(是议论文还是说明文，并进一步识别是其中具体某一类)，进而预判篇章结构以及作者的行文步骤和风格，心中有了大致的蓝图之后，即可结合以下各种解题技巧和对文章意思的理解对每个空格作出正确的判断。
2.词内选项句内找原则
从近几年的高考原题来看，近义词或词组的辨析正成为考试的热点。四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数，要么都是近义动词的同一时态等，只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊，则上文或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。
三．解题技巧：
1.复现原则（即：相同信息的重复，可以是原词，也可以是同近义表达）
在完形填空中,?某一词语通常重复出现,?使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯,?从而构成一个完整的意义整体。
例：To
prepare
children
for
successful
careers
in
first
grade
and
beyond,
Japanese
schools
do
not
teach
reading,
writing,
and
mathematics,
but
rather
skills
such
as
persistence,
concentration
and
the
ability
to
function
as
a
member
of
a
_________.
The
vast
majority
of
young
Japanese
children
are
taught
to
read
at
home
by
their
parents.
In
the
recent
comparison
of
Japanese
and
American
preschool
education,
91
percent
of
Japanese
respondents
chose
providing
children
with
a
group
experience
as
one
of
their
top
three
reasons
for
a
society
to
have
preschools.
A.
society
B.
family
C.
group
D.
class
同现原则（即：相关联信息在文章中的呼应）
同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时或连续出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇。
名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如：
school—primary
school—middle
school—college—university
students—pupils—graduates—postgraduates
动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如：
school—teach—learn—attend—found—drop
out—graduate—be
dismissed
形容词同现;
就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如：
在学校这个语境中：
(key)
school—(optional)
course—(compulsory)
course
结构同现:
结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如：
some…,
others;
on
one
hand…,
on
the
other
hand;
former…,
latter;
so…that;
not
only…but
also;
hardly/scarcely…when…;
no
sooner…than…;
be
about
to
do
/be
doing
/had
done
/be
on
the
point
of
doing/be
to
do/be
ready
to
do/be
on
the
way
…
when…;
例：①
I
put
my
head
in,
expecting
the
worst.
But
to
my
surprise,
the
room
wasn’t
empty
at
all.
It
had
furniture,
curtains,
a
TV,
and
even
paintings
on
the
wall.
And
then
on
the
well-made
bed
sat
Amy,
my
new
__________,
dressed
neatly.
A.
roommate
B.
classmate
C.
neighbor
D.
companion
②
The
__________
Knows
…….
Smell,
however,
does
seem
to
play
a
part
in
human
attraction.
A.
Nose
B.
Eye
C.
Heart
D.
Hand
3.
词汇提示（四个选项不能是同近义词的辨析）
正确答案必须有逻辑衔接关系或上下文等提示依据，如并列（同义词、近义词）、转折（反义词）、递进等。
例：Another
important
error
is
mixed-ability
teaching,
or
teaching
in
ability
group
so
__________
that
the
most
able
pupils
are
(held
back)
and
are
bored
while
the
least
able
are
lost
and
(equally)
bored.
Strangely
enough,
few
head
teachers
seem
to
be
in
favor
of
mixed-ability
school
football
teams.
wide
B.
similar
C.
separate
D.
unique
例：Many
people
think
that
listening
is
a
passive
business.
It
is
just
the
__________
one.
Listening
well
is
an
active
exercise
of
our
attention
and
hard
work.
A.
positive
B.
opposite
C.
same
D.
wrong
例：The
continuous
presentation
of
frightening
stories
about
global
warming
in
the
popular
media
makes
us
unnecessarily
frightened.
Even
worse,
it
__________
our
kids.
A.
exhausts
B.
depresses
C.
terrifies
D.
exploits
4.背景知识（生活常识、语言、文化、历史知识积累等）
例：The
first
is
the
removal
from
the
curriculum
of
the
thorough
teaching
of
English
__________.
Pupils
now
do
not
know
a
verb
from
a
noun,
the
subject
of
a
sentence
from
its
object,
or
the
difference
between
the
past,
present,
or
future.
A.
vocabulary
B.
culture
C.
grammar
D.
literature
例：EFL
teachers
often
complain
that
students,
despite
years
of
studying
English,
simply
will
not
speak
it.
They’re
too
afraid
of
making
mistakes
of
the
grammar
or
mispronouncing
words
in
a
way
that
would
__________
them.
A.
amuse
B.
inform
C.
remind
D.
embarrass
词组、短语等固定搭配（必须有逻辑衔接关系或上下文等依据）
固定搭配，常用词组短语。包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据逻辑衔接、上下文内容等选择正确的短语。
一般是整体考察该搭配，而不单独考察介词或短语中的某个部分
例：But
even
if
you
do
accept
that
a
sixth
sense
exists,
the
question
is,
does
it
actually
__51__?
Radin
says
it
does.
“The
future
of
our
civilization
depends
on
(decision)
that
are
being
made
now,
whether
it's
about
how
we
farm
our
food,
how
we
get
rid
of
our
waste
or
whether
we
allow
chemicals
to
be
included
in
everyday
products…”
A.
serve
any
purpose
B.
take
any
advantage
C.
make
any
progress
D.
win
any
support
非逻辑类上下文语境提示（context）
(1)
提示在前
例：About
ten
years
ago,a
young
and
very
successful
manager
named
Josh
was
traveling
down
a
Chicago
neighborhood
street.
He
was
going
a
bit
fast
in
his
__________
car.
A.
old
B.
expensive
C.
second-hand
D.
slow
(2)
提示在后
例：Many
old
people
don’t
have
good
________
.They
can’t
watch
TV,
but
they
can
listen
to
the
music.
A.
hearing
B.
health
C.
eyesight
D.
time
6.逻辑关系上下文语境提示（文章的衔接与连贯）
1).并列关系
and;
also;
as
well
as;
both…
and…;
either…or…;
neither…nor…;
not
only…
but
also…;
in
the
same
way;
too,
and,
and
also,
or,
neither…nor,
either…or,
likewise,
similarly,
equally,
in
the
same
way,
that
is
to
say,
as
well
as,
same…as
例：…improve
employee’s
health
and
productivity,
reduce
legal
liability,
and
_____
property
values
and
rental
returns.
A.
involve
B.
enhance
C.
share
D.
show
解析：句意是“绿色环保建筑能够改善员工的健康及生产力，并且增加建筑的价值及租金回报”，根据and可看出此空是与前面的improve构成并列。四个选项中
，只有B表示“增强或提高”，所以答案为B。
2).转折关系
yet;
but;
unless;
despite
that;
in
spite
of;
though;
although;
although
this
may
be
true;
even
so;
even
though;
however;
sometimes;
once
in
a
while;
independent
of;
reckless
of;
regardless
of
but,
however,
yet,
on
the
contrary,
by
contrast,
on
the
other
hand,
unfortunately,
while,
whereas,
unlike,
rather
than,
instead
of
例：The
following
numbers
would
be
__________
for
most
of
us
to
remember.
1492178919931848.
But
look
at
them
in
“
chunks”,
and
it
becomes
much
easier.
1492
1789
1993
1848.
A.
convenient
B.
impossible
C.
meaningful
D.
technical
解析：两句之间的But表明是转折关系，下文出现了“it
becomes
much
easier”，所以此空要填的词与easier形成对比，即选B，impossible。
3).因果关系
because,
since,
as,
for
thus,
hence,
therefore,
so,
for
the
same
reason;
for
this
reason;
in
consequence,
as
a
consequence
obviously;
evidently,
consequently,
accordingly
with,
due
to,
lead
to,
thanks
to,
as
a
result
of,
because
of,
in
response
to,
in
view
of;
owing
to
being
that;
for
the
reason
that;
in
that,
…
so
that…,
so
(such)…that,
on
account
of
…
and
so…;
another
important
factor/reason
…;
the
reason
seems
obvious;
there
are
about…;
as
a
result;
too…to...
例：__________
its
artful
design
and
some
fancy
technology,
it
is
expected
to
consume
up
to
50%
less
energy
than
a
conventional
office
building.
A.
In
place
of
B.
Thanks
to
C.
In
spite
of
D.
In
addition
to
解析：句意是“由于艺术性的设计及奇特的技术，环保建筑大楼比传统的办公大楼少消耗50%的能源”，所以此空可得出答案为B。
4).递进关系
in
addition,
furthermore,
again,
also,
besides,
moreover,
what’s
more,
what’s
worse,
to
make
matters
worse,
to
make
things
worse,
worse
still,
accordingly;
as
a
popular
saying
goes…;
as
far
as…
is
concerned;
at
the
same
time;
even;
further;
in
order
to…;
in
other
words;
in
the
first
place…,
in
the
second
place…;
in
this
way;
meanwhile;
not
only…,
but
also…;
not…
but…;
lastly;
for
one
thing…,
for
another…
then,
also,
besides,
additionally,
furthermore,
moreover,
in
addition,
what
is
more,
indeed
例：We
have
nothing
against
diversity;
indeed,
we
want
more
of
it.
我们并不反对多样化；其实，我们希望有更多的多样化。
50.比较关系
(when)
compared
with,
in
comparison
with,
in
the
same
way,
just
as,
as
with,
like,
equally,
likewise,
similarly,
rather
than,
apart
from,
by
the
same
token(同样),
in
the
same
vein(同样)
6）.对比关系
in
contrast,
on
the
other
hand,
instead,
however,
nevertheless,
unlike,
on
the
contrary,
in
contrast,
while,
after
all;
as
opposed
to;
balanced
against;
up
against;
vis
a
vis;
conversely;
on
the
one
hand…
on
the
other
hand…;
contrary
to;
conversely
unlike;
different
from
this;
nevertheless;
whereas
7）.举例解说关系（如破折号、定从、冒号等提示）
for
example;
for
instance;
in
this
case;
in
another
case;
on
this
occasion;
in
this
situation;
to
demonstrate;
to
illustrate;
according
to;
as
an
illustration;
as
for;
as
regards;
as
to;
in
particular;
including;
namely;
notably;
such
as;
like;
take…
as
an
example;
you
may
say,
such
as,
of/among
these/those/them,
more
specifically
speaking,
namely（i.e.=that
is）
例：There
is
nothing
61
about
these
methods
—
they
were
around
even
in
ancient
times.
61.
A.
effective
B.
awful
C.
valuable
D.
new
解析：句意是“这些方法没有什么新颖之处---他们在古代就已经有了。”句中破折号表解释说明，所以选D。
8）.强调关系
definitely;
obviously;
absolutely;
positively;
naturally;
surprisingly;
always;
forever;
perennially;
eternally;
emphatically;
never;
unquestionably;
without
a
doubt;
certainly;
surely;
undeniably;
without
reservation;
believe
it
or
not;
especially;
particularly;
in
particular;
specifically;
in
fact;
as
a
matter
of
fact;
actually;
indeed;
moreover;
not
to
mention…;
what
is
more
important;
notably;
that
is;
especially,
of
course,
surely
注：有些具有弱转或者反差的意味。如：
actually
ad.〔表示想法与事实不一致因而惊奇〕居然，竟然
e.g.
It
was
actually
quite
fun
after
all.
这居然还很有趣。
indeed
ad.
实际上，其实；甚至〔用来补充内容，以强调或支持刚说过的话〕
e.g.
I
don't
mind
at
all.
Indeed,
I
would
be
delighted
to
help.
我根本不介意。其实，我倒很乐意帮上一把。
9）.让步关系
but,
still,
(and)
yet,
however
whether…or
(not)…,
regardless
of…,
despite/in
spite
of
(the
fact
that),
with
all…,
after
all…,
while,
although,
though/as（倒装）,
even
though
/
even
if,
nevertheless,
nonetheless,
notwithstanding
(that)
whatever,?whoever,?whichever,
however,?whenever,?wherever?（以及相应的no
matter
…）
whereas,
for
all
(that),
for
all
one’s
(explanation),
with
all
one’s
(faults,
learning)
but
even
now/so/then,
not
but
that/what（相当于though）
granting/granted
(that),
assuming
(that),
supposing
(that),
admitting
(that),
动词（如be/come）+what/where/how/which/when…+will/may,
be/let+主语+（ever）so+形容词,
10）.时间和空间关系
afterward(s),
first,
later,
then,
soon,
finally,
at
last,
as
soon
as;
before,
after,
eventually,
first
of
all,
first
and
foremost,
for
a
start,
meanwhile,
in
the
meantime,
while,
now;
next,
not
…
until,
till,
later,
formerly,
previously,
prior
to,
since
then,
since,
subsequently,
to
begin
with,
to
start
with,
when
outside,
near,
beyond,
above,
below,
on
the
right(left),
in
the
middle,
opposite,
in
front
of
11）.列举关系
first—second—last
of
all,
first—then,
to
begin
with—to
continue/next,
on
one
hand—on
the
other
hand,
for
one
thing—for
another
thing,
one—another,
some—others—still
others
12）.总结或重复关系（结构性线索）
to
sum
up,
to
conclude,
in
conclusion,
the
conclusion
can
be
safely
drawn
that…,
in
a
word,
in
other
words,
in
short,
in
summary,
in
brief,
in
sum,
to
sum
up;
to
summarize,
all
in
all,
in
a
nutshell,
as
I
have
said,
as
I
have
noted,
as
has
been
noted,
as
is
mentioned
above,
as
I
have
shown;
to
generalize,
in
general,
accordingly;
altogether;
as
a
result;
consequently;
hence;
on
the
whole;
overall;
therefore;
hence
13）.条件关系
as
long
as;
if
it
necessary;
if
not
all;
if
possible;
if
so;
if;
lest;
once(一旦);
provided
that;
unless
例：Life
would
be
so
much
easier
if
we
could
remember
things
__________.
A.
effortlessly
B.
purposefully
C.
exactly
D.
carelessly
解析：句意是“生活将变的更容易，如果记忆不费力气。”所以选A。
综上：
完形填空不仅考查学生对词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。
注意事项：
良好的完形填空成绩主要表现在良好的阅读习惯和良好的语法功底，有人说，“得阅读者得天下”。完形填空也不例外。多做多练多总结。扫清词汇障碍后还应培养自己良好的阅读习惯。
1、要以意群，语义为单位读，不要逐词逐句地认；
2、要借助视觉扫读，不要手指唇动或无声心读；
3、要从头至尾，一气呵成，不要频繁回读；
4、要直接理解原文，不要逐词逐句地心译；
5、要利用上下文和构词法猜测生词，推测出句意，不要频繁查阅词典；
6、逐步扩大视距，要纵式快速阅读，不要横式赏析细读。
高考精练
一
2019上海春考
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passages
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
work
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
More
people
are
travelling
than
ever
before,
and
lower
harriers
to
entry
and
falling
costs
means
they
are
doing
so
for
___21___
periods.
The
rise
of
“city
breaks”
--48-hour
bursts
of
foreign
cultures,
easier
on
the
pocket
and
annual
leave
balance
has
increased
tourist
numbers,
but
not
their
___22___
spread.
The
same
attractions
have
been
used
to
market
cities
such
as
Paris,
Barcelona
and
Venice
for
decades,
and
visitors
use
the
same
infrastructure
as
residents
to
reach
them.
“Too
many
people
do
the
same
thing
at
the
exact
same
time,”
says
Font.
“For
___23___,
the
city
no
longer
belongs
to
them.”
This
starts
with
marketing,
says
Font,
who
notes
that
Amsterdam
has
started
advising
visitors
to
seek
___24___
outside
of
the
city
centre
on
its
official
website.
“That
takes
some
balls,
really
to
do
that.
But
only
so
many
people
will
look
at
the
website,
and
it
means
they
can
say
to
their
residents
they’re
doing
all
they
can
to
ease
congestion.”
But
it
also
___25___
a
better
way,
it
is
called
“detourism”:
sustainable
travel
tips
an
___26___
itineraries
for
exploring
an
authentic
Venice,
off
the
paths
beaten
by
the
28
million
visitors
who
flock
there
each
year.
A
greater
variety
of
___27___
for
prospective
visitors
------
ideas
for
what
to
do
in
off-peak
seasons,
for
example,
or
outside
of
the
city
center
------
can
have
the
effect
of
diverting
them
from
already
saturated
landmarks,
or
___28___
short
breaks
away
in
the
first
place.
Longer
stays
___29___
the
pressure,
says
Font.
If
you
go
to
Paris
for
two
days,
you’re
going
to
go
to
the
Eiffel
Tower.
“If
you
go
for
two
weeks,
you’re
not
going
to
go
to
the
Eiffel
Tower
14
times.”
Similarly,
repeat
visitors
have
a
better
sense
of
the
_____30_____,
“We
should
be
asking
how
we
get
tourists
to
_____31_____,
not
how
to
get
them
to
come
for
the
first
time.
If
they’re
coming
for
the
fifth
time,
it
is
much
easier
to
integrate
their
behavior
with
ours.”
Local
governments
can
foster
this
sustainable
activity
by
giving
preference
to
responsible
operator
and
even
high-paying
consumers.
Font
says
cities
could
stand
to
be
more
selective
about
the
tourists
they
try
to
attract
when
the
current
metric
for
marketing
success
is
how
many
there
are,
and
how
far
they’ve
come.
“You’re
thinking,
‘yeah
but
at
what
cost...’.”
He
points
to
unpublished
data
from
the
Barcelona
Tourist
Board
that
prioritizes
Japanese
tourists
for
spending
an
average
of
?40
more
per
day
than
French
tourist
as
a(n)
_____32_____
that
fails
to
take
into
account
their
bigger
carbon
footprint.
_____33_____
tourists
are
also
more
likely
to
be
repeat
visitors
that
come
at
off-peak
times,
buy
local
produce,
and
_____34_____
to
less
crowded
parts
of
the
city
------
all
productive
steps
towards
more
_____35_____
tourism,
and
more
peaceful
relations
with
residents.
21.
A.
longer
B.
shorter
C.
wider
D.
clearer
22.
A.
environmental
B.
national
C.
economic
D.
geographic
23.
A.
locals
B.
tourists
C.
visitors
D.
cleaners
24.
A.
transports
B.
accommodation
C.
restaurants
D.
service
25.
A.
addresses
B.
paves
C.
proposes
D.
receives
26.
A.
separate
B.
individual
C.
alternative
D.
objective
27.
A.
reform
B.
guidance
C.
invitation
D.
support
28.
A.
convincing
B.
discouraging
C.
preventing
D.
resisting
29.
A.
pace
B.
escape
C.
withstand
D.
ease
30.
A.
culture
B.
knowledge
C.
entertainment
D.
ability
31.
A.
take
over
B.
bring
up
C.
come
back
D.
lay
off
32.
A.
distinction
B.
harmony
C.
association
D.
comparison
33.
A.
French
B.
Italian
C.
Spanish
D.
German
34.
A.
carry
out
B.
give
into
C.
spread
out
D.
impact
on
35.
A.
slight
B.
complex
C.
temporary
D.
sustainable
2019上海春考
本文属于议论文，旅游的发展，虽然促进了当地的经济发展，但从另外一个方面影响到了当地居民的生活以及各种基础设施，如何保证旅游业的长久发展是摆在人们面前的一大问题。
21.【答案】B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：更多的人旅游的更频繁，因为去一个国家的障碍更少，费用更低，这就意味着游客在一个地方旅游的时间越来越短。A.
longer
更长的；B.
shorter
更短的；C.
wider更宽的；D.
clearer更干净的。根据本句人们旅游更频繁，呆的时间越来越短，故选B。
22.【答案】D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：城市假期的兴起，48小时快速了解外国文化的兴起，金钱和年假更匹配，这些都导致游客人数上涨，但是游客目的地地理范围没有相应的扩展。A.
environmental环境的；B.
national国家的；C.
economic经济的；
D.
geographic地理的。根据文章可知，本文讲述旅游兴起带来的问题，故选D。
23.【答案】A考查名词词义辨析。句意：对于当地人来说，城市已经不属于他们了。A.
locals当地人；B.
tourists游客；C.
visitors参观者；D.
cleaners清洁工。根据文章可知，本文讲述旅游对当地的冲击，故选A。
24.【答案】B考查名词词义辨析。句意：Font说到，这需要从市场广告做起，阿姆斯特丹就在其旅游官网上建议游客到郊区寻找食宿地方。A.
transports交通；B.
accommodation食宿；C.
restaurants餐厅；D.
service服务。根据文章可知，本文提供了一些解决办法，故选B。
25.【答案】C考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是也建议了一种更好的方式，叫错峰旅游，一种可持续的旅游方式，即避开游客大量集中的旅游景点，去探索真正的威尼斯。A.
addresses做演讲，处理；B.
paves铺路；C.
proposes建议；D.
receives收到。根据本句可知，还有另外一种方式来解决这个问题，故选C。
26.【答案】C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是也建议了一种更好的方式，叫错峰旅游，一种可持续的旅游方式，即避开游客大量集中的旅游景点，去探索真正的威尼斯。A.
separate分开的；B.
individual个人的；C.
alternative可替代性的；D.
objective客观的。根据本句off
the
paths
beaten
by
the
28
million
visitors
who
flock
there
each
year可知，为游客提供一些人少的路线，故选C。
27.【答案】B考查名词词义辨析。句意：对游客进行广泛指导也可以引导他们不去人满为患的景点，打消他们短期旅行的想法。A.
reform改革；B.
guidance指导；C.
invitation邀请；D.
support支持。根据文章可知，本段讲述对游客进行指导，实现游客分流，故选B。
28.【答案】B考查动词词义辨析。句意：对游客进行广泛指导也可以引导他们不去人满为患的景点，打消他们短期旅行的想法。A.
convincing说服；B.
discouraging打消积极性；C.
preventing阻止；D.
resisting抵抗。根据文章可知，本段讲述对游客进行指导，实现游客分流，合理规划自己的旅行计划，故选B
29.【答案】D考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一个地方逗留时间更长能够缓解一定压力。A.
pace踱步走；B.
escape逃跑；C.
withstand抵抗；D.
ease缓解。根据后文If
you
go
to
Paris
for
two
days,
you’re
going
to
go
to
the
Eiffel
Tower.
“If
you
go
for
two
weeks,
you’re
not
going
to
go
to
the
Eiffel
Tower
14
times.”可知，在一个地方逗留时间更长能够缓解当地的压力，故选D。
30.【答案】A考查名词词义辨析。句意：再次去的游客有更好的文化意识，我应该考虑怎样让游客再来这个地方旅游，而不是来第一次就不来了。A.
culture
文化；B.
knowledge知识；C.
entertainment娱乐；D.
ability能力。根据后文If
they’re
coming
for
the
fifth
time,
it
is
much
easier
to
integrate
their
behavior
with
ours.可知，多次去同一个地方旅游的游客能够更好地融入当地的文化，故选A。
31.【答案】C考查动词词义辨析。句意：再次去的游客有更好的文化意识，我应该考虑怎样让游客再来这个地方旅游，而不是来第一次就不来了。A.
take
over接管；B.
bring
up抚养；C.
come
back回来；D.
lay
off解雇。根据文章可知，应该考虑怎样让游客来了还想来，故选C。
32.【答案】D考查名词词义辨析。句意：他引用了巴塞罗那旅游局未公布的数据，由于比法国游客平均每天多花40欧元，把日本游客放在更优先的地方，但是没有考虑日本游客更大的碳足迹。A.
distinction区分；B.
harmony和谐；C.
association联系；D.
comparison对比。根据本句可知，把日本游客与法国游客进行对比，故选D。
33.【答案】A考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是法国游客更可能再次去巴塞罗那旅游，错开高峰期，购买当地产品，去那些人更少的景点。A.
French
法国人；B.
Italian意大利人；C.
Spanish西班牙人；D.
German德国人。根据文章可知，尽管日本游客花钱更多，但是法国游客更有可能再次去，故选A。
34.【答案】C考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是法国游客更可能再次去巴塞罗那旅游，错开高峰期，购买当地产品，去那些人更少的景点。A.
carry
out实施；B.
give
into让步；
C.
spread
out扩散；D.
impact
on影响。根据文章可知，法国人更有可能去人少的地方，故选C。
35.【答案】D考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有的这些措施都是可持续的措施，更少的影响当地的居民。A.
slight轻微的；B.
complex复杂的；C.
temporary临时的；D.
sustainable可持续的。根据文章可知，本文主要探讨旅游业减少对当地居民的影响，故选D。
二
2019上海高考
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context
.
We’re
told
that
writing
is
dying.
Typing
on
keyboards
and
screens____41____
written
communication
today.
Learning
cursive,
joined-up
handwriting
was
once____42____
in
schools.
But
now,
not
so
much.
Countries
such
as
Finland
have
dropped
joined-up
handwriting
lessons
in
schools____43____
typing
courses.
And
in
the
US,
the
requirement
to
learn
cursive
has
been
left
out
of
core
standards
since
2013.
A
few
US
states
still
place
value
on
formative
cursive
education,
such
as
Arizona,
but
they'
re
not
the____44____.
Some
experts
point
out
that
writing
lessons
can
have
indirect____45____.
Anne
Trubek,
author
of
The
History
and
Uncertain
Future
of
Handwriting,
argues
that
such
lessons
can
reinforce
a
skill
called
automaticity.
That’s
when
you've
perfected
a
task,
and
can
do
it
almost
without
thinking,
____46____
you
extra
mental
bandwidth
to
think
about
or
do
other
things
while
you’re
doing
the
task.
In
this
sense,
Trubek
likens
handwriting
to____47____.
“Once
you
have
driven
for
a
while,
you
don't____48____
think
‘Step
on
gas
now’
[or]
‘Turn
the
steering
wheel
a
bit’,”
she
explains.
“You
just
do
it.
That's
what
we
want
children
to____49____
when
learning
to
write.
You
and
I
don't
think
‘now
make
a
loop
going
up
for
the
‘1’-
or
"now
look
for
the
letter
'r'
on
the
keyboard.
Trubek
has
written
many
essays
and
books
on
handwriting,
and
she
doesn't
believe
it
will
die
out
for
a
very
1ong
time,
“if
ever”.
But
she
believes
students
are
learning
automaticity
faster
with
keyboards
than
with
handwriting:
students
are
learning
how
to
type
without
looking
at
the
keys
at____50____
ages
,
and
to
type
faster
than
they
could
write,
granting
them
extra
time
to
think
about
word
choice
or
sentence
structure.
In
a
piece
penned
(if
you'll
pardon
the
expression)
for
the
New
York
Times
last
year,
Trubek
argued
that
due
to
the
improved
automaticity
of
keyboards,
today's
children
may
well
become
better
communicators
in
text
as____51____
takes
up
less
of
their
education.
This
is
a(n)
____52____
that
has
attracted
both
criticism
and
support.
She
explains
that
two
of
the
most
common
arguments
she
hears
from
detractors
regarding
the
decline
of
handwriting
is
that
not____53____
it
will
result
in
a
“loss
of
history”
and
a
“loss
of
personal
touch”.
On
the
former
she____54____
that
95%
of
handwritten
manuscripts
can't
be
read
by
the
average
person
anyway
—
“that's
why
we
have
paleographers,”
she
explains,
paleography
being
the
study
of
ancient
styles
of
writing
—
while
the
latter
refers
to
the
warm____55____
we
give
to
handwritten
personal
notes,
such
as
thank-you
cards.
Some
educators
seem
to
agree,
at
least
to
an
extent,
(466
words)
（
）41.
A.
abandons
B.
dominates
C.
enters
D.
absorbs
（
）42.
A.
compulsory
B.
opposite
C.
crucial
D.
relevant
（
）43.
A.
in
want
of
B.
in
case
of
C.
in
favour
of
D.
in
addition
to
（
）44.
A.
quantity
B.
minimum
C.
quality
D.
majority
（
）45.
A.
responsibility
B.
benefits
C.
resources
D.
structure
（
）46.
A.
granting
B.
getting
C.
bringing
D.
coming
（
）47.
A.
sleeping
B.
driving
C.
reviewing
D.
operating
（
）48.
A.
eventually
B.
constantly
C.
equivalently
D.
consciously
（
）49.
A.
adopt
B.
reach
C.
acquire
D.
activate
（
）50.
A.
slower
B.
later
C.
faster
D.
earlier
（
）51.
A.
handwriting
B.
adding
C.
forming
D.
understanding
（
）52.
A.
trust
B.
look
C.
view
D.
smile
（
）53.
A.
containing
B.
spreading
C.
choosing
D.
protecting
（
）54.
A.
commits
B.
counters
C.
completes
D.
composes
（
）55.
A.
associations
B.
resources
C.
procedures
D.
?ntеraсt?on?
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了传统的书写正在消亡,取而代之的是在键盘和屏幕上打字。
41.【答案】B根据空前的“We're
told
that
writing
is
dying.”可知,人们认为手写字正在消亡。结合常识可知,在现代社会,在键盘和屏幕上打字是人们的主要书写方式也就是说,在键盘和屏幕上打字“主导着”当今的书写方式。
dominate“在……中占主导地位”,故选B。
42.【答案】A根据本空后的“But
now,
not
so
much.
Countries
such
as
Finland
have
dropped
joined-up
handwriting
lessons
in
schools.”可知,芬兰等国家的一些打字课程的学校已经放弃了学习连笔字的课程。But表转折,说明前后文的内容相反。故此处应是指学习草书、连笔字曾经是学校的“必修”课。
compulsory“必修的”,故选A。
43.【答案】C根据上文内容可知,手写字正在消亡,而在键盘和屏幕上打字则是主要书写方式。结合空前的“Finland
have
dropped
joined-up-
handwriting
lessons
in
schools可知,芬兰等国家的一些打字课程的学校已经放弃了学习连笔字的课程,由此可知,这是“支持”打字课程的学校。
in
favour
of“支持,赞成”,故选C。
44.【答案】D本句中的“
few
U...s.
states
still
place
value
on
formative
cursive
education”指出美国仍有少数几个州重视形成性草书教育。再结合空前的“but”可知,此处是进行了转折,表明but连接的两个分句意思相反。由此可知,此处应是指但它们并不是“大多数”。
majority“大多数”,故选D
45.【答案】B根据下的“
such
lessons
can
reinforce
skill
called
automaticity.
That's
when
you've
perfected
a
task,
and
can
do
it
almost
without
thinking..”可知,书写课程可以强化一种叫做“自动性”的技能,即:你几乎不需要思考就能完成一项任务。由此可知,此处应是指书写课程有间接的“好处”。
benefit“好处”,故选B。
46.【答案】A根据空前的“That's.
when
you've'
perfected
task
and
can
do
it
almost
without
thinking可知,拥有了“自动性”技能以后,你几乎不需要思考就能完成一项任务。正因为不用思考所以才有了额外的思维空间来思考或做其他事情。故此处应是指“允许”你有额外的思维空间来思考或做其他事情。
grant许可,允许”,故选A。第三段中的“granting
them
extra
time
to
think
about
word
choice
or
sentence
structure”对此处也有暗示。
47.【答案】B根据下文中“Once
you
have
driven
for
while,you
don't
48
think
'Step
on
gas
now'[]'Turn
the
steering
wheel
bit'.”所举的开车这个例子可知,此处是将手写比作开车。故选B。
48.【答案】D根据上文内容可知,
Trubek将手写比作开车。手写可以强化一种叫做“自动性”的技能:几乎不用思考就能完成一项任务。由此可推断出,此处应是指在开车的时候,你不会有意识地去想“现在踩油门”或“稍微转动一下方向盘”。consciously""“有意识地”,故选D
49.【答案】C根据空前的“You
just
do
it.”以及空后的“You
and
I
don't
think
now
make
a
loop
going
up
for
the
'T''
or
now
look
for
the
letter
'r'
on’
the
keyboard.”可知,此处应是指这就是我们想让孩子们在学习书写时“学到”的东西:一气呵成,不用多想。
acquire“学到,获得”,故选C。
50.【答案】D根据本句开头的“she
believes
students
are
learning
automaticity
faster
with
keyboards
than
with
handwriting”可知,与手写相比,学生通过键盘(打字)学习“自动性”技能要快得多。由此可知,学生会在“更早的”年龄就开始学习如何在不看键盘的情况下打字。故选D。
51.【答案】A根据前文中的“the
improved
automaticity
of
key-
boards”可知,此处是说,由于键盘的“自动性”的技能提高了,如今的孩子很可能会成为更好的文字交流者,因为“手写”占据了学生更少的学习时间。故选A
52.【答案】C根据前句中的“Trubek
argued
that”可知,“This”指的是
Trubek的“观点”,这个观点既受到批评,也得到支持。故选C。
53.【答案】D根据空前后的“the
decline
of
handwriting”及“result
in
loss
of
history
and
loss
of
personal
touch'”可知,手写
衰落了,如果不它,它将导致“历史的丢失”和“个人风格的丧失”。由此可推断出,此处应是指如果不“保护”它的话。故选D
54.【答案】B第三段最后一句“
This
is52
that
has
attracted
both
criticism
and
support.”提到她的观点既有人批评,也有人支持。第四段中的“she
hears
from
detractors
regarding
the
decline
of
handwriting
is
that
not
53
it
will
result
in
a
loss
of
history
and
loss
of
personal
touch”提到反对者认为不保护手写会导致“历史的丢失”和“个人风格丧失”。本空前的“Onthe
former指的是上文提到的“loss
of
history”这个观点。故此处应是
Trubek对“历史的丢失”的观点的反驳。commit“承诺”;
counter“反驳”;
complete完成”;
compose“组成”,故选B
55.【答案】A“
the
latter”与上文中的“On
the
former”相对应,指的是第四段最后一句中的“loss
of
personal
touch”,即:个人风格的丧失,结合空后的“we
give
to
handwritten
personal
notes
such
as
thank-you-
cards”并结合常识可知,和用键盘敲击的文字相比,手写的卡片等物品会给人以温暖的感觉。所以,此处是说,后者(个人风格的丧失)指的是我们对个人笔记,如感谢卡所予以的温暖联想。
association联想”。故选A
三
2017上海春考
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Ever
been
just
about
to
call
someone
when
the
phone
rings
and
the
person
in
question
is
on
the
other
end?
Or
have
you
experienced
a
sudden
feeling
of
unease
or
danger
even
though
you’re
in
a(n)
41
situation?
If
you
don’t
believe
in
it,
you’ll
put
it
down
to
42
and
on
overactive
imagination.
But
some
people
believe
it
is
43
that
there
is
a
sixth
sense
beyond
smell,
taste,
touch,
hearing
and
sight.
Now,
scientists
are
carrying
out
experiments
not
only
to
prove
that
it
exists,
but
also
to
find
out
how
you
can
44
it
to
your
advantage.
Dean
Radin,
a
researcher
in
California,
has
set
up
the
Boundary
Institute
in
Los
Altos
and
is
currently
using
its
website
to
recruit（招募）4,000
people
in
57
countries
to
find
out
if
there
are
any
45
instances
of
sixth
sense
or,
as
he
calls
it,
“precognition”—the
ability
to
predict
outcomes.
The
results
so
far
are
46
.
In
a
card
test,
where
you
have
to
47
which
of
the
five
cards
on
a
computer
screen
will
be
turned
over
to
reveal
a
picture,
the
top
scorers
hit
the
right
card
48%
of
the
time—the
48
of
this
happening
are
2,669
to
1.
49
,
Radin’s
most
famous
study
involves
participants
looking
at
a
variety
of
images
that
are
designed
to
stimulate
a
specific
responses.
In
the
experiment,
participants
sit
alone
in
a
room
in
front
of
a
computer,
with
devices
attached
to
their
bodies
to
measure
changes
in
skin
resistance
and
blood
flow,
which
are
measures
of
emotional
arousal.
Radin
has
found
that
one
in
six
people
has
a
rise
in
arouse
before
they
see
the
road
accident-type
pictures,
while
remaining
50
before
the
tree-type
pictures.
But
even
if
you
do
accept
that
a
sixth
sense
exists,
the
question
is,
does
it
actually
51
?
Radin
says
it
does.
“the
future
of
our
civilisation
depends
on
52
that
are
being
made
now,
whether
it’s
about
how
we
farm
our
food,
how
we
get
rid
of
our
waste
or
whether
we
allow
chemicals
to
be
included
in
everyday
products.
We
don’t
have
answers
to
these
important
questions,
yet
what
we
decide
on
will
53
our
lives
for
decades
or
longer.
Anything
we
can
do
to
improve
our
ability
to
predict
future
events
is
well
worth
the
54
,”
he
says.
“If
it
turns
out
that
some
people
can
genuinely
forecast
the
future
some
of
the
time,
as
I
believe
the
data
shows,
then
55
this
ability
is
as
important
as
cutting-edge
science.
41.
A.
unfamiliar
B.
tough
C.
harmless
D.
ridiculous
42.
A.
coincidence
B.
resistance
C.
innovation
D.
distraction
43.
A.
mystery
B.
evidence
C.
falsehood
D.
innocence
44.
A.
alter
B.
define
C.
find
D.
use
45.
A.
historical
B.
strange
C.
mistaken
D.
true
46.
A.
extraordinary
B.
inevitable
C.
alarming
D.
disappointing
47.
A.
ask
B.
guess
C.
recall
D.
learn
48.
A.
figures
B.
methods
C.
scores
D.
chance
49.
A.
However
B.
Otherwise
C.
Meanwhile
D.
Consequently
50.
A.
active
B.
calm
C.
silent
D.
alert
51.
A.
serve
any
purpose
B.
take
any
advantage
C.
make
any
progress
D.
win
any
support
52.
A.
inquiries
B.
decisions
C.
donations
D.
comparisons
53.
A.
ruin
B.
improve
C.
affect
D.
wait
54.
A.
expense
B.
risk
C.
effort
D.
wait
55.
A.
proving
B.
challenging
C.
limiting
D.
understanding
41.
【答案】C。
【解析】harmless
无害的根据文中Or
have
you
experienced
a
sudden
feeling
of
unease
or
danger
even
though
you’re
in
a(n)
harmless
situation?或者你是否经历过有一种突然的即使你处在一个无害的环境中也会有不安或者危险的感觉。可知选C。
42.
【答案】A。
【解析】coincidence
巧合根据
If
you
don’t
believe
in
it,
you’ll
put
it
down
to
coincidence
and
on
overactive
imagination.如果你不相信，你就会把它归为一个巧合和过度的想象。可知
选A。
43.
【答案】B。
【解析】evidence
证据
But
some
people
believe
it
is
evidence
that
there
is
a
sixth
sense
beyond
smell,
taste,
touch,
hearing
and
sight.但有些人认为有证据表明在嗅觉、味觉、触觉、
听觉和视觉之外还有第六感。
44.
【答案】D。
【解析】use
利用根据文中
Now,
scientists
are
carrying
out
experiments
not
only
to
prove
that
it
exists,
but
also
to
find
out
how
you
can
use
it
to
your
advantage.句意：现在，科学家们正在进行实验，不仅是为了证明它的存在，更是是为了找出你如何利用它。故选D.
45.
【答案】D
【解析】true
真的
Dean
Radin,
a
researcher
in
California,
has
set
up
the
Boundary
Institute
in
Los
Altos
and
is
currently
using
its
website
to
recruit
(招募）4,000
people
in
57
countries
to
find
out
if
there
are
any
ture
instances
of
sixth
sense
or,
as
he
calls
it,
“precognition”—the
ability
to
predict
outcomes.加州研究员迪恩—雷丁在洛斯阿尔托斯设立了边界研究所，目前正在利用其网站在57个国家招募4,
000人，以确定是否存在第六感或他所称的“预先认知”的实例-预
测结果的能力。
46.
【答案】A。
【解析】extraordinary
不寻常的
The
results
so
far
are
extraordinary.到目前为止的结果是不寻常的。
47.
【答案】B。
【解析】guess
猜测
In
a
card
test,
where
you
have
to
guess
which
of
the
five
cards
on
a
computer
screen
will
be
turned
over
to
reveal
a
picture,
the
top
scorers
hit
the
right
card
48%
of
the
time—the
scores
of
this
happening
are
2,669
to
1.在一张卡片测试中，你要猜电脑屏幕上五张卡片中的哪一个将被翻转以显示一张图片，排名前列的排是48%的时间，这种分数发生的比例是2669比1。
48.
【答案】C。
【解析】scores分数
49.
【答案】C。
【解析】meanwhile
同时由文中
Meanwhile,
Radin’s
most
famous
study
involves
participants
looking
at
a
variety
of
images
that
are
designed
to
stimulate
a
specific
responses.句意：与此同时，Radin最著名的研究包括了参与者观察各种为了刺激特定反应的图像，可知选C
50.
【答案】B。
【解析】calm
冷静根据文中
Radin
has
found
that
one
in
six
people
has
a
rise
in
arouse
before
they
see
the
road
accident-type
pictures,
while
remaining
calm
before
the
tree-type
pictures.
根据Radin发现，六分之一的人在看到道路交通事故类型的照片之前就有了上升，而在树型照片之前保持平静。
51.
【答案】A。
【解析】serve
any
purpose服务于任何目的根据文中But
even
if
you
do
accept
that
a
sixth
sense
exists,
the
question
is,
does
it
actually
serve
any
purpose?即使你接受了第六感存在，
但问题是，它实际上是否服务于某种目的？故选A。
52.
【答案】B。
【解析】decisions
取决于
Radin
says
it
does.
“the
future
of
our
civilization
depends
on
decisions
that
are
being
made
now,
whether
it’s
about
how
we
farm
our
food,
how
we
get
rid
of
our
waste
or
whether
we
allow
chemicals
to
be
included
in
everyday
products?拉丁说：“我文明的未来取决于现在正在作出的决定，不管是关于我们如何种植我们的食物，我们如何处理我们的废物，还是我们是否允许化学物质包括在日常用品中。
53.
【答案】C。
【解析】affect
影响根据文中
We
don’t
have
answers
to
these
important
questions,
yet
what
we
decide
on
will
affect
our
lives
for
decades
or
longer.句意：我们没有这些重要问题的答案，但我们的决定将影响我们的生活几十年或更长时间。
54.
【答案】C。
【解析】effort
努力
Anything
we
can
do
to
improve
our
ability
to
predict
future
events
is
well
worth
the
effort,”
he
says.他说：“我们为提高预测未来事件的能力所能做的任何事情都是值得的。”
55.
【答案】D。
【解析】understanding
理解根据文中“If
it
turns
out
that
some
people
can
genuinely
forecast
the
future
some
of
the
time,
as
I
believe
the
data
shows,
then
understanding
this
ability
is
as
important
as
cutting-edge
science.句意：“如果像我相信的数据所显示的那样，有些人有时真的可以预测未来，那么理解这种能力就像尖端科学一样重要。”
模拟精练
一
2020高考模拟
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
???
A
college
degree
is,
in
most
cases,
the
key
to
more
money
and
a
more
comfortable
standard
of
living.
But
that
pathway
to
higher
earnings
is
more
1
to
some
than
others:
A
lot
of
leading
colleges
do
not
enroll
a
lot
of
low-income
students,
and
as
a
result,
they're
not
2
very
many
students
from
low-income
households
into
the
middle
and
upper
classes.
3
,
though
strategies
for
enrolling
and
preserving
low-income
students
are
usually
mentioned,
they
can
be
tough
to
4
?at
scale.
???
Dozens
of
top
colleges
and
universities
have
more
students
from
the
top
1
percent
of
the
income
scale
than
the
5
?60
percent.
And
that's
a
problem
if
colleges
hope
to
escape
the
common
6
that
they
are
little
more
than
a
finishing
school
for
the
elite
(精英).
???
But
there
are
institutions
—
a
lot
of
them
—
that
have
strong
track
records
of
7
?the
socioeconomic
fortunes
of
students.
If
higher
education
is
supposed
to
be
the
great
equalizer
(平衡器),
these
institutions
—
from
community
colleges
to
public
regional
four-year
colleges
—
are
the
ones
that
are
doing
the
most
work.
???
Colleges
should
be
8
recruiting
and
enrolling
low-income
students
—
and
that
means
more
than
targeting
ads
to
9
?students
on
social
media.
It
means
a
commitment
to
going
where
they
are
—
areas
that
a
lot
of
schools
do
not
typically
recruit
—
and
publicize
the
process
of
going
to
college.
Then
they
should
be
supporting
students
with
10
?when
the
students
get
to
campus
—
whether
it's
writing
centers,
generous
financial
aid
packages,
or
simply
sympathetic
academic
advisors
who
perhaps
came
from
low-income
backgrounds
themselves.
And
it
is
also
preparing
students
for
jobs
after
college
and
building
relationships
with
businesses
that
11
the
process
of
finding
post-graduation
employment
for
students,
especially
for
those
whose
parents
don't
have
their
own
professional
12
.
???
Pace
ranks
first
among
private
colleges
in
motivating
its
students
from
the
lowest
levels
of
the
income
scale
and
into
the
middle
and
upper
class.
There
are
a
lot
of
ways
in
which
people
of
privilege
(特权)
13
?their
college
years
or
having
unpaid
internships
(实习)
or
having
the
social
capital
to
get
certain
jobs.
But
colleges
can
fill
those
14
,
particularly
for
low-income
students,
helping
students
get
jobs,
or
sustaining
them
with
programs
that
help
them
land
paid
internships
with
top
companies.
We
can
provide
strong
networks
through
faculty
and
staff
as
well
to
help
a
new
generation,
a
new,
socioeconomically
15
?generation,
achieve
the
American
dream.
1.
A.
significant
B.
necessary
C.
available
D.
realistic
2.
A.
evaluating
B.
urging
C.
refusing
D.
promoting
3.
A.
However
B.
What's
more
C.
By
contrast
D.
On
the
whole
4.
A.
implement
B.
replace
C.
overcome
D.
track
5.
A.
minimum
B.
bottom
C.
medium
D.
optimum
6.
A.
criticism
B.
comment
C.
practice
D.
suspicion
7.
A.
worsening
B.
claiming
C.
improving
D.
denying
8.
A.
directly
B.
strictly
C.
actively
D.
cautiously
9.
A.
urban
B.
native
C.
suburban
D.
prospective
10.
A.
resources
B.
coaches
C.
skills
D.
funds
11.
A.
push
B.
ease
C.
slow
D.
affect
12.
A.
trainings
B.
careers
C.
standards
D.
networks
13.
A.
benefit
from
B.
invest
in
C.
fit
into
D.
advance
through
14.
A.
vacancies
B.
gaps
C.
bottoms
D.
blanks
15.
A.
competitive
B.
responsible
C.
diverse
D.
dynamic
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大学学位是获得更多金钱和更舒适生活水平的关键，但也并不绝对，当然提升教育是重要的。
1.【答案】C考查形容词。A．
significant
“重要的”；B．
necessary“必要的”；C．
available
“可用的”；D．
realistic
“现实的”。但这条通往更高收入的途径对一些人来说更为有效，故选C。
2.【答案】D考查动词。A．
evaluating“评估”；B．
urging
“催促”；C．
refusing
“拒绝”；D．
promoting
“促进”。很多名牌大学招收的低收入学生并不多，因此，他们并没有把很多低收入家庭的学生提升到中上阶层。故选D。
3.【答案】B考查副词（短语）。A．
However“然而”；B．
What's
more“更重要的是”；C．
By
contrast
“相比之下”；D．
On
the
whole“总的来说”。更重要的是，尽管人们经常提到招收和保护低收入学生的策略，但这些策略很难大规模实施。故选B。
4.【答案】A考查动词。A．?implement“实施，执行，使生效”；B．
replace“替换”；C．
overcome
“克服”；D．
track
“跟踪，监测”。更重要的是，尽管人们经常提到招收和保护低收入学生的策略，但这些策略很难大规模实施，故选A。
5.【答案】B考查名词。A．
minimum“最小值”；B．
bottom“底部”；C．
medium
“中等”；D．
optimum
“最佳”。几十所顶尖高校中，收入排名前1%的学生多于收入排名后60%的学生．故选B。
6.【答案】A考查名词。A．
criticism“批评”；B．
comment
“评论”；C．
practice
“练习”；D．
suspicion
“怀疑”。如果大学希望摆脱人们的普遍批评，即他们只不过是精英的补习学校，那就是一个问题。故选A。
7.【答案】C考查动词。A．
worsening“恶化”；B．
claiming“索赔”；C．
improving“改善”；D．
denying
“否认”。但也有一些机构--其中很多机构--在改善学生社会经济财富方面有着良好的记录．故选C。
8.【答案】C考查副词。A．
directly“直接地”；B．
strictly“严格地”；C．
actively“
积极地”；D．
cautiously“谨慎地”。高校应积极招收低收入学生，故选C
9.【答案】D考查形容词。A．
urban“城市的”；B．
native
“本地的”；C．
suburban
“郊区的”；D．
prospective
“预期的”。这意味着不仅仅是在社交媒体上针对未来学生的广告，故选D。
10.【答案】A考查名词。A．
resources“资源”；B．
coaches“教练”；C．
skills“技能”；D．
funds“基金”。然后，他们应该在学生进入校园时为他们提供资源支持--无论是写作中心、慷慨的经济援助，还是仅仅是同情那些可能来自低收入家庭的学术顾问。故选A。
11.【答案】B考查动词。A．
push“推”；B．
ease
“使放松”；C．
slow
“减慢”；D．
affect“
影响”。此外，它还帮助学生为大学毕业后的工作做好准备，并与企业建立关系，以简化求职过程。
故选B。
12.【答案】D考查名词。A．
trainings培训；B．
careers
职业；C．
standards
标准；D．
networks网络；学生毕业就业，尤其是那些父母没有自己的专业网络的学生。故选D。
13.【答案】A考查动词短语。A．
benefit
from“受益于”；B．
invest
in“在.....投资”；C．
fit
into
“融入”；D．
advance
through
“前进通过”。享有特权的人有很多方式可以从他们的大学生活中受益，或者有无薪实习，或者有社会资本来获得某些工作。故选A。
14.【答案】B考查名词。A．
vacancies“空缺”；B．
gaps
“差距”；C．
bottoms“底部”；D．
blanks
“空白”。但大学可以填补这些空白，特别是对低收入学生来说，帮助学生找到工作，或者通过帮助他们获得顶级公司的带薪实习机会的项目来维持他们的就业。故选B。
15.【答案】C考查形容词。A．
competitive“竞争性”；B．
responsible“负责的”；C．
diverse
“多样性”；D．
dynamic“动态的”。我们可以通过教职工提供强大的网络，帮助新一代、新一代、社会经济多元化的一代实现美国梦．故选C。
二
2019松江区
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Whether
it’s
from
an
awful
breakup
or
a
painful
life
event,
some
memories
can
return
repeatedly
to
our
mind
for
the
entire
lives.
But,
what
if
science
can
___41___
your
bad
memories
so
that
you
can
start
all
over
again?
As
is
known
to
all,
memory
is
an
incredibly
complex
___42___.
While
scientists
used
to
believe
it
was
like
a
filing
cabinet
and
particular
memories
were
stored
in
different
sections
of
the
brain,
we
now
know
this
is
___43___.
In
fact,
each
memory
is
a
brain
wide
process.
If
you
end
up
remembering
something,
it’s
because
the
cells
in
your
brain
are
being
fired,
___44___
new
connections
and
links
and
literally
rebuild
the
circuitry
of
your
mind.
And
this
change
is
partially
___45___
by
proteins
in
the
brain.
So
what
if
the
proteins
aren’t
available?
Simply
put,
memories
can’t
be
made.
Seriously,
scientists
have
tested
this
by
giving
animals
drugs
that
prevent
these
proteins
from
forming.
___46___,
the
animals
have
no
recollection
of
the
things
that
took
place
shortly
after
the
drug
was
taken.
From
this
research,
scientists
actually
found
a
way
to
target
long-term
memories
for
___47___.
You
see,
every
single
time
you
remember
a
memory,
your
brain
is
once
again
firing
and
rewiring.
In
fact,
each
time
you
reflect
on
a
memory,
you
are
physically
changing
that
memory
in
your
mind.
And
each
time
the
memory
is
changed
a
little,
it
reflects
your
___48___
thoughts.
Remembering,
to
a
great
extent,
is
an
act
of
___49___
and
imagination,
which
means
that
the
more
you
reflect
on
old
memories,
the
less
accurate
they
will
become.
And
scientists
have
actually
quantified
this
change.[来@源%:中
^~教网]
After
9/11,
hundreds
of
people
were
asked
about
their
memories
of
the
dreadful
day.
A
year
later,
37%
of
the
details
had
changed.
By
2004,
nearly
50%
of
the
details
had
changed
or
gone
___50___.
And
because
memories
are
formed
and
rebuilt
every
time,
if
you
administer
(服药)
the
protein-preventing
drug
while
recalling
a
memory,
the
memory
can
be
___51___
removed.
To
test
this,
scientists
took
lab
rats
and
played
sound
for
them,
shortly
followed
by
an
electric
shock.
___52___
doing
this
for
many
times,
the
rats
quickly
learned
that
if
they
heard
the
sound,
a
shock
was
soon
to
follow.
Therefore,
they
would
stress
up
and
freeze
every
time
they
heard
it.
Months
later,
these
rats
would
still
___53___
the
noise.
However,
if
they
administered
the
drug
first,
the
rats
would
lose
the
memory
of
the
sound,
and
simply
continue
on.
They
had
lost
their
memory
of
that
specific
noise.[来源:
zzste@p^.~co%m]
To
be
sure
that
the
drug
wasn’t
just
causing
large-scale
brain
damage,
scientists
repeated
these
experiments
with
various
tones
this
time.
Both
sounds
would
warn
for
a
shock
and
___54___
the
rats
would
fear
both.
But
if
they
administered
the
drug
and
played
only
one
of
the
sounds,
the
mice
would
only
forget
that
one
tone,
while
still
remaining
___55___
of
the
other.
Over
time
scientists
have
discovered
specific
drugs
to
target
particular
proteins
across
different
parts
of
the
brain.
41.
A.
refresh
B.
forget
C.
control
D.
erase
42.
A.
range
B.
process
C.
idea
D.
structure[中%国教
&育^出版@网]
43.
A.
incorrect
B.
evident
C.
partial
D.
complex
44.
A.
eliminating
B.
decreasing
C.
bringing
D.
building
45.
A.
inspired
B.
stopped
C.
identified
D.
perfected
46.
A.
By
contrast
B.
On
the
contrary
C.
As
a
result
D.
For
example
47.
A.
evaluation
B.
estimation
C.
deletion
D.
production
48.
A.
terrified
B.
critical
C.
current
D.
former
49.
A.
repetition
B.
creation
C.
function
D.
reproduction[中国教育出版@^&网
%]
50.
A.
uncontrolled
B.
complicated
C.
valuable
D.
missing
51.
A.
repeatedly
B.
effectively
C.
hardly
D.
consistently
52.
A.
Before
B.
Until
C.
After
D.
While
53.
A.
turn
to
B.
respond
to
C.
adapt
to
D.
return
to
54.
A.
surprisingly
B.
especially
C.
eventually
D.
similarly
55.
A.
suspicious
B.
careful
C.
painful
D.
fearful
本文为议论文。每个人都会有伤心的往事，某些记忆总是忘不掉的。不过如果有可能让你彻底忘记这一切的方法呢？“记忆橡皮擦”能否成真？通过实验发现，人的记忆可通过药物被抹去。
41.【答案】D考查动词辨析。refresh使恢复；forget忘记；control控制；erase抹去，清除。根据下一句“you
can
start
all
over
again”可知要从头开始，就要“抹去（erase）以前的不好的记忆”，故选D项。
42.【答案】B考查名词辨析。range范围；process过程，工序，做事方法；idea观点，点子；structure结构。根据第二段的第一句“In
fact,
each
memory
is
a
brain
wide
process.”此处是指“众所周知，记忆是一个极其复杂的过程（process）”，可知选B项。
43.【答案】A考查形容词辨析。incorrect
不正确的；evident明显的；partial部分的；complex综合的，复杂的。根据本句中的“while”意为“然而”，表示前后意思相反的，可知，“虽然科学家过去认为它就像一个文件柜，特定的记忆储存在大脑的不同区域，但我们现在知道这是不正确的（incorrect）”。故选A。
44.【答案】D考查动词辨析。eliminating排除，消除；decreasing下降；bringing
带来；building建立。分析语境可知，此处是指“这是因为你大脑中的细胞正在被激发，建立（build）新的连接和联系…。”，故选D。
45.【答案】A考查动词辨析。inspired激励，激活；stopped停止；
identified认出，辨别出；perfected使熟练。根据语境可知，此处是指“这种变化部分是由大脑中的蛋白质激活（inspired）的”，故选A。
46.【答案】C考查短语辨析。
By
contrast相比之下；
On
the
contrary与此相反；As
a
result因此；For
example例如。此处是指“严格地说，科学家们通过给动物注射药物抑制这类蛋白质的合成来测试这一点。结果，动物们对服药后不久发生的事情没有记忆”。根据语境可知前后是因果关系，故选C项。
47.【答案】C考查名词辨析。
evaluation估价；estimation
估计，评价；deletion删除；production，生产，产品。根据上述的描述可知。这个实验是消除记忆的实验，因此此处是指“从这项研究中，科学家们发现了一种删除（deletion）长期记忆的方式。”故选C。
48.【答案】C考查形容词辨析。terrified极度惊慌的；critical批评的；current现在的，流行的；
former以前的，前任的。根据上一句“In
fact,
each
time
you
reflect
on
a
memory,
you
are
physically
changing
that
memory
in
your
mind.”可知，“你每次回忆起某件事时，都在改变着大脑内的记忆。这段记忆每次也会因你当前想法而产生细微变化法”，可知选C。
49.【答案】B考查名词辨析的。repetition
重复；creation
创造；function
功能；reproduction系列，再生产。根据上文说“回忆一次，记忆就会改变一点，形成当前的观点”，可知“这是一种创造（creation）”。故选B。
50.【答案】D考查形容词辨析。uncontrolled不受控制的；complicated复杂的；
valuable有价值的；
missing失去的，下落不明的。根据上下文“一年后，37%的细节发生了变化。“由于记忆每次都会被重塑，如果你在回忆时吃下抵制蛋白质的药物，这段记忆就能被消除”，可知，到2004年，近50%的细节已经改变或丢失（missing），故选D项。
51.【答案】B考查副词辨析的。repeatedly
重复地；effectively有效地；
hardly几乎不；consistently一惯地。根据语境可知，如果你在回忆时吃下抵制蛋白质的药物，记忆就可以被有效地（effectively）去除。故选B。
52.【答案】C考查连词辨析。
Before在…以前；
Until一直到；After在…之后；While当…时候，然而。根据语境可知，此处是指“做了很多次之后（After），老鼠很快就知道，听到声音，很快就会受到电击”。由此可知C项符合题意，故选C。
53.【答案】B考查动词短语辨析。turn
to
转向，求助；respond
to对…作出反应；adapt
to适应；
return
to返回到。根据语境可知，此处是指“老鼠每次听到这声音都会紧张麻木，几个月后，这些老鼠仍然对噪音有反应（respond
to）”。故选B。
54.【答案】C考查副词辨析的。surprisingly
惊人地，出人意外地；especially尤其；eventually
最终；similarly相似地。根据语境可知，此处是指“最终(eventually)老鼠会同时害怕这两种声音”。故选C。
55.【答案】D考查形容词辨析。suspicious可疑的，多疑的；careful仔细的，小心的；painful痛苦的；fearful害怕的，担心的。根据实验的过程和语境可知，“如果在给老鼠药后播放一种声音，老鼠就会忘记这种声音
但仍然会害怕（fearful）另一种”，故选D。
三
2019上师大附中
Directions：For
each
blank
in
the
following
passages
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C,
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Microsoft
Corp
founder
Bill
Gates
caught
people’s
eye
in
a
recent
interview,
when
he
suggested
that
robots
should
be
taxed
in,
order
to
help
humans
keep
their
jobs.
Gates
is
only
one
of
many
people
in
the
tech
world
who
have
worried
about
automation
and
its
____21____
to
workers.
It’s
easy
to
see
why
the
tech
world
is
____22____.
The
rise
of
machine
learning
has
increased
the
fear
that
____23____
humans
could
simply
become
out
of
date--____24____,
3.5
million
American
truck
drivers
might
soon
find
their
jobs
threatened
by
driverless
trucks.
Though
in
the
past,
technology
usually
complemented
workers
____25____
replacing
them,
there’s
no
law
of
nature
saying
the
technology
of
the
future
will
work
the
same.
A
few
economists
even
claim
that
cheap
automation
has
already
____26____
income
from
workers
to
company
owners.
Another
____27____
is
that
even
if
the
mass
of
humanity
ultimately
does
find
new
ways
to
add
value
by
complementing
new
technology—to“race
with
the
machines,”as
economist
Erik
Brynjofsson
puts
it—this
transition
could
take
a
long
time
and
hurt
a
lot
of
people.
As
Bloomberg
View’s
Tyler
Cowen
has
noted,
wages
in
Britain
fell
for
four
decades
at
the
start
of
the
Industrial
Revolution.
More
____28____,
we’ve
seen
very
slow
and
painful
adjustment
to
the
impact
of
globalization.
If
the
machine
learning
revolution
hurts
workers
for
40
years
before
ultimately
helping
them,
it
might
be
worth
it
to
____29____
that
revolution
and
give
them
time
to
adjust.
The
main
argument
against
taxing
the
robots
is
that
it
might
hold
back
____30____.
Growth
in
rich
countries
has
slowed
markedly
in
the
past
decade,
suggesting
that
it’s
getting
harder
and
harder
to
find
new
ways
of
doing
things.
Stagnating
productivity,
combined
with
falling
business
investment,
suggests
that
____31____
of
new
technology
is
currently
too
slow
rather
than
too
fast—the
biggest
problem
right
now
isn’t
too
many
robots,
it’s
too
few.
Taxing
new
technology,
however
it’s
done,
could
make
that
slowdown
worse.
The
problem
with
Gate’s
basic
proposal
is
that
it’s
very
hard
to
tell
the
difference
between
new
technology
that
____32____
humans
and
new
technology
that
replaces
them.
This
is
especially
true
over
the
long
term.
Power
looms（织布机）replaced
human
weavers
back
in
the
Industrial
Revolution.
____33____,
people
eventually
became
more
productive,
by
learning
to
operate
those
looms.
If
taxes
had
slowed
the
development
of
power
looms,
the
eventual
improvements
would
have
come
later.
This
is
a
powerful
argument
____34____
the
taxation
of
automation.
Gates
is
right
to
say
that
we
should
start
thinking
ahead
of
time
about
how
to
use
policy
to
mitigate（缓和）the
unintended
consequences
of
automation.
But
given
the
importance
of
sustaining
innovation,
we
should
look
at
____35____
policies.
21.
A.
resistance
B.
threat
C.
admission
D.
dedication
22.
A.
frightened
B.
worried
C.
intolerant
D.
offensive
23.
A.
few
B.
several
C.
many
D.
any
24.
A.
in
other
words
B.
for
example
C.
of
course
D.
by
contrast
25.
A.
in
case
of
B.
because
of
C.
in
face
of
D.
instead
of
26.
A.
distracted
B.
digested
C.
directed
D.
disclosed
27.
A.
fear
B.
proposal
C.
adjustment
D.
complement
28.
A.
possibly
B.
recently
C.
primarily
D.
technically
29.
A.
slow…down
B.
make…up
C.
get…over
D.
give…up
30.
A.
modernism
B.
availability
C.
popularity
D.
innovation
31.
A.
persuasion
B.
adoption
C.
interruption
D.
elimination
32.
A.
complements
B.
engages
C.
invades
D.
matures
33.
A.
However
B.
Therefore
C.
Consequently
D.
Furthermore
34.
A.
from
B.
against
C.
by
D.
besides
35.
A.
uppermost
B.
stimulating
C.
persistent
D.
alternative
本文是一篇说明文，文章讲述了根据比尔·盖茨的说法，如果机器人代替了人的工作，也应该对应于同等水平下的人力劳动缴税。盖茨只是科技界众多担心自动化的人中的一员。人们对此观点不一。
21.【答案】B考查名词辨析。A.
resistance
反抗；B.
threat威胁；C.
admission
批准；D.
dedication致力。担心自动化会威胁员工。故选B。
22.【答案】B考查形容词辨析。A.
frightened
害怕的；
B.
worried
担心的；
C.
intolerant
难以忍受的；
D.
offensive
冒犯的。根据The
rise
of
machine
learning
has
increased
the
fear
that得知很容易看到为什么科技世界担忧。故选B。
23.【答案】C考查代词辨析。A.
few
很少；B.
several
好几个；C.
many
许多；D.
any
任何。机器学习的兴起增加很多人感到会落伍的恐惧。故选C。
24.【答案】B考查介词短语辨析。A.
in
other
words
换句话说；
B.
for
example
例如；C.
of
course当然；D.
by
contrast
对比。例如，3500万美国卡车司机很快就会发现自己的工作会被无人驾驶卡车所取代。故选B。
25.【答案】D考查介词短语辨析。A.
in
case
of以防；B.
because
of因为i；C.
in
face
of面对；
D.
instead
of
代替。尽管以前，科技只是在辅助工人们而不是替代他们。
一些经济学家称便宜的自动化已经从工人那里平分了收入。故选D。
26.【答案】A考查动词辨析。A.
distracted
转移，分心；B.
digested
消化；C.
directed
指导；
D.
disclosed揭露。尽管以前，科技只是在辅助工人们而不是替代他们。
一些经济学家称便宜的自动化已经从工人那里平分了收入。故选A。
27.【答案】A考查名词辨析。A.
fear
恐惧，担忧；
B.
proposal
提议；
C.
adjustment
调整；
D.
complement
补充。上一段讲到一种担忧，这里是另一个担忧：即使人类最终找到了新的方法来增加价值，也会需要很长时间。故选A。
28.【答案】B考查副词辨析。A.
possibly
可能；
B.
recently
最近；
C.
primarily
首要；D.
technically
技术。最近，我们目睹了对全球化影响的缓慢痛苦的调整。故选B。
29.【答案】A考查动词短语辨析。A.
slow…down
放慢；B.
make…up
组成；C.
get…over
克服；
D.
give…up
放弃。根据and
give
them
time
to
adjust.得知减缓变革是值得的。故选A。
30.【答案】A考查名词辨析。A.
modernism
现代主义；B.
availability
可利用；
C.
popularity
受欢迎；
D.
innovation
革新。Growth
in
rich
countries
has
slowed
markedly
in
the
past
decad对机器人征税有争议主要是这样会阻碍现代化发展。故选A。
31.【答案】B考查名词辨析。A.
persuasion
说服；
B.
adoption
采纳；C.
interruption
打扰；D.
elimination除去。目前对新技术的采用太慢。故选B。
32.【答案】A考查名词辨析。A.
complements
补充；B.
engages
参与；C.
invades
侵入；D.
matures
成熟。tell
the
difference
between
得知区分新技术对人类是辅助作用还是替代作用。故选A。
33.【答案】A考查副词辨析。A.
However
然而；
B.
Therefore
因此；C.
Consequently
结果；
D.
Furthermore
而且。工业时期织布机替代人类，然而人们最后对布匹更多产。故选A。
34.【答案】B考查介词辨析。A.
from
来自；B.
against
反对；
C.
by
通过；
D.
besides
另外。对于对机器收税有强烈的争议。故选B。
35.【答案】D考查形容词辨析。A.
uppermost
最重要的；B.
stimulating
刺激；C.
persistent
坚持；D.
alternative
可选择的。考虑到保持创新性的重要性，我们应该看其他可选择的政策。故选D。
四
2019青浦区
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Michael
Wang
was
a
senior
at
James
Logan
High
School,
US,
back
in
2012.
According
to
The
New
Yorker,
he
was
confident
that
he
could
get
into
an
Ivy
League
university,
such
as
Harvard
or
Yale.
He
had
a
high
GPA,
___41___
at
debating
and
co-founded
a
math
club.
He
was
also
a
talented
pianist.
___42___,
his
dream
universities
turned
him
down.
His
less
talented
classmates,
who
were
Hispanic
or
African-American,
were
admitted
into
these
schools.
It
made
him
wonder
if
he
was
___43___
because
he
was
Asian.
On
Oct
15,
a
lawsuit
against
Harvard
brought
on
behalf
of
Asian-American
students
like
Wang
Began.
students
for
Fair
Admissions(SFFA),a
US
non-profit
organization.
___44___
Harvard
for
using
racial
balancing
in
their
admissions
process.
Harvard
has
denied
the
___45___considers
many
factors
when
___46___
whether
a
student
should
be
admitted,
including
academic
performance
and
extracurricular
activities
.
Harvard
added
that
the
number
of
Asian-Americans
admitted
to
the
school
had
greatly
increased
since
2010.”Race
alone
is
never
the
reason
a
students
___47___
admission,
”William
Lee,
a
lawyer
for
Harvard,
told
the
guardian.
”And
race
is
never
the
reason
a
student
is
denied.”
Harvard
is
not
the
only
university
to
have
been
accused
of
___48___against
Asian-Americans.
In
September,
the
US
Justice
Department
begin
to___49___whether
Yale
University
discriminates
against
Asian-Americans,
The
case
has
____50____
a
longstanding
debate
over
affirmative
action
policies(平均法案政策)
that
allow
universities
to
use
race
as
a
factor
when
considering
applications.
The
policies____51____
benefit
African-American
and
latino
students
in
an
effort
to
make
up
for
centuries
of
racial
discrimination,
according
to
THE
NEW
YORK
Times,
the
SFFA
wants
the
use
of
race
in
the
admissions
process
to
be
ended,
____52____
that
it
causes
inequality.”People
should
be
judged
on
character
and
____53____,”However,
a
student,
Havard
said
that
____54____
the
race
criterion
would
“reduce
students’
opportunities
to
live
and
learn
in
a
diverse
campus
environment”.
Although
the
case
has
just
begun,
the____55____judgement”
could
influence
admissions
to
US
universities
for
years
to
come,”
according
to
AI
Jaxeera,
a
Qatar
based
TV
station
41.
A.
crazy
B.
amazed
C.
gifted
D.
slow
42.
A.
Besides
B.
Fortunately
C.
Undoubtedly
D.
However
43.
A.
rejected
B.
dismissed
C.
enclosed
D.
stopped
44.
A.
trapped
B.
oppressed
C.
sued
D.
blamed
45.
A.
charge
B.
mistake
C.
claim
D.
compaint
46.
A.
conforming
B.
determining
C.
acknowledging
D.
surveying
47.
A.
robbed
B.
granted
C.
entitled
D.
convinced
48.
A.
preference
B.
favor
C.
opposition
D.
discrimination
49.
A.
investigate
B.
research
C.
wonder
D.
inquire
50.
A.
preferred
B.
infected
C.
fueled
D.
brought
51.
A.
necessarily
B.
equally
C.
traditionally
D.
unintentionally
52.
A.
considering
B.
debating
C.
annoying
D.
arguing
53.
A.
academics
B.
strength
C.
benefit
D.
moralities
54.
A.
dropping
B.
setting
C.
implementing
D.
imposing
55.
A.
official
B.
existent
C.
gradual
D.
eventual
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述2012年，当时的迈克尔?王是美国詹姆斯?洛根高中的一名高三学生。据《纽约客》杂志报道，他有信心足以能进入哈佛、耶鲁等常春藤联盟名校就读。然而，他梦想中的名校将他拒之门外。迈克尔?王起诉哈佛大学录取制度中存在歧视。这一诉讼案重新开启了全美对平权法案的辩论。
41.【答案】C考查形容词。A.
crazy
疯狂的；
B.
amazed
吃惊的；
C.
gifted
有天赋的；
D.
slow
慢的。句意：他的学分绩点很高，有辩论天赋，和他人共同创立了一个数学俱乐部。表示迈克尔?王辩论方面很有天赋，故选C。
42.【答案】D考查副词。A.
Besides
另外；
B.
Fortunately
幸运；
C.
Undoubtedly
无疑；
D.
However
然而。句意：然而，他梦想中的名校将他拒之门外，故选D。
43.【答案】A考查动词。A.
rejected
拒绝；
B.
dismissed
解散；
C.
enclosed
围着；
D.
stopped
停止。　　句意：而不如他优秀的西班牙裔和非裔同学却被这些学校录取。这令他怀疑自己被拒绝的原因是否因为身为亚裔。故选A。
44.【答案】C考查动词。A.
trapped
困住；
B.
oppressed
压迫；
C.
sued
控告；
D.
blamed责备。　　句意：美国非营利组织“学生公平录取”状告哈佛在录取过程中，使用了种族平衡的手段。故选C。
45.【答案】A考查名词。A.
charge
收费，控诉；
B.
mistake
错误；
C.
claim
声称；
D.
complaint
抱怨。句意：哈佛大学否认了这项控诉，称在录取学生时会考虑许多因素，如学术表现、课外活动等等。故选A。
46.【答案】B考查动词。A.
conforming
符合；
B.
determining
决定；
C.
acknowledging
承认；
D.
surveying
调查。句意：哈佛大学称在录取学生时会考虑许多因素，如学术表现、课外活动等等。故选B。
47.【答案】B考查动词。A.
robbed
抢劫；
B.
granted
授予；
C.
entitled
有权利；
D.
convinced
确认。句意：“仅种族一项绝非是学生被录取的原因，”哈佛大学代表律师威廉·李在接受《卫报》采访时表示。“而种族也从来不是拒绝录取某个学生的原因。”
故选B。
48.【答案】D考查名词。A.
preference
喜好；
B.
favor
好感；
C.
opposition
反对；
D.
discrimination
歧视。　句意：哈佛并非是被控歧视亚裔的唯一一所高校。今年9月，美国司法部开始调查耶鲁大学是否存在歧视亚裔的现象。故选D。
49.【答案】A考查动词。A.
investigate
调查；
B.
research
调查；
C.
wonder
想知道；
D.
inquire
询问。句意：今年9月，美国司法部开始调查耶鲁大学是否存在歧视亚裔的现象。故选A。
50.【答案】C考查动词。A.
preferred
更喜欢；
B.
infected
感染；
C.
fueled
激起；
D.
brought
带来。　　句意：这次的案件激起了对于平均法案政策长久以来的讨论，该政策允许高校在评估申请者时，将种族作为考虑因素。故选C。
51.【答案】C考查副词。A.
necessarily
必需地；
B.
equally
同等地；
C.
traditionally
传统地；
D.
unintentionally非故意地；　　句意：据《时代周刊》报道，平权法案试图弥补数百年来的种族歧视，传统上有利于非裔与拉丁裔学生。故选C。
52.【答案】D考查动词。A.
considering
考虑；
B.
debating
辩论；
C.
annoying
使烦恼；
D.
arguing
争论，声称。　句意：　据《纽约时报》报道，“学生公平录取”组织希望高校录取过程中不再考虑种族因素，称这种做法并不公平。故选D。
53.【答案】B考查名词。A.
academics
学术；
B.
strength
力气,优点；
C.
benefit
好处；
D.
moralities
道德。　　句意：评判他人应当基于他们的性格和优点，故选B。
54.【答案】A考查动词。A.
dropping
掉下，取消；
B.
setting
C.
implementing
实施；
D.
imposing
强加。句意：然而，哈佛表示，取消种族标准将会“减少学生在多元化的校园环境中生活学习的机会”。故选A。
55.【答案】D考查形容词。A.
official
官方的；
B.
existent
存在的；
C.
gradual
逐渐的；
D.
eventual最终的。句意：尽管此案刚刚开庭审理，但最终判决会影响美国高校未来多年的录取情况，表示最终的，故选D。
五
2019普陀区
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Words
to
Turn
a
Conversation
Around
It’s
not
what
you
say,
but
it’s
how
you
say
it
–
isn’t
it?
According
to
a
language
expert,
we
may
have
this
wrong.
“We
are
pushed
and
pulled
around
by
language
far
more
than
we
____21____,”
says
Elizabeth
Stoke,
professor
of
social
interaction
at
Loughborough
University.
Stoke
and
her
colleagues
have
____22____
thousands
of
hours
of
recorded
conversations,
from
customer
services
to
mediation(调解)
hotlines
and
police
crisis
____23____.
They
discovered
that
certain
words
or
phrases
have
the
power
to
change
the
course
of
a
conversation.
Some
of
these
words
are
surprising,
and
____24____
what
we’ve
been
taught
to
believe.
For
example,
in
a
study
of
conversations
between
doctors
and
patients,
evidence
showed
that
doctors
who
____25____
options
rather
than
recommended
best
solutions,
got
a
better
response,
despite
the
suggestion
from
hospital
guidelines
to
talk
about
the
best
interests
of
the
patient.
But,
from
conversation
experts
such
as
Stoke
to
FBI
negotiators
and
communication
coaches,
we’re
learning
which
words
are
likely
to
___26___
or
persuade
us.
Stoke
found
that
people
who
had
already
respon中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
一．文章及选项特点：
文章选材科学，结构清晰，主题明显，但文章阅读难易度指数(Readibility)一般较大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型之一。
选项以实词为主，虚词为辅，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优选择。
二、解题原则：
1.语义优先于语法原则
文章的开头部分尤其是第一句话不设空格，它起到的作用是对所选短文的题材和可能涉及的内容作简单的介绍或提示，并且不同于全国卷和其他各种考试类型(如考研等)中的完形填空，单纯的语法题已从该题型中彻底消失。如果一味按照语法规则来选择答案，就必定陷入了答题误区，无任何选项得以被排除。
每一题脱离语境上下文后四个选项都必定符合语法规则。所以理解文章的主旨大意，快速识别语篇类型(是议论文还是说明文，并进一步识别是其中具体某一类)，进而预判篇章结构以及作者的行文步骤和风格，心中有了大致的蓝图之后，即可结合以下各种解题技巧和对文章意思的理解对每个空格作出正确的判断。
2.词内选项句内找原则
从近几年的高考原题来看，近义词或词组的辨析正成为考试的热点。四个选择项要么都是词义相近的名词单数或复数，要么都是近义动词的同一时态等，只能根据上下文的语境作出正确的选择。如果提供的四个选择项词义相差悬殊，则上文或下文肯定有答题提示，有时第一个空格要读完全文才能回答。
三．解题技巧：
1.复现原则（即：相同信息的重复，可以是原词，也可以是同近义表达）
在完形填空中,?某一词语通常重复出现,?使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯,?从而构成一个完整的意义整体。
例：To
prepare
children
for
successful
careers
in
first
grade
and
beyond,
Japanese
schools
do
not
teach
reading,
writing,
and
mathematics,
but
rather
skills
such
as
persistence,
concentration
and
the
ability
to
function
as
a
member
of
a
_________.
The
vast
majority
of
young
Japanese
children
are
taught
to
read
at
home
by
their
parents.
In
the
recent
comparison
of
Japanese
and
American
preschool
education,
91
percent
of
Japanese
respondents
chose
providing
children
with
a
group
experience
as
one
of
their
top
three
reasons
for
a
society
to
have
preschools.
A.
society
B.
family
C.
group
D.
class
同现原则（即：相关联信息在文章中的呼应）
同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时或连续出现在同一语篇中。一个语篇，一个话题，要求有与之相连的词汇。
名词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个名词。如：
school—primary
school—middle
school—college—university
students—pupils—graduates—postgraduates
动词同现：与一个话题或一个名词出现在同一个语境的另一个动词。如：
school—teach—learn—attend—found—drop
out—graduate—be
dismissed
形容词同现;
就某一语境而言所能出现的形容词也是有规律的。如：
在学校这个语境中：
(key)
school—(optional)
course—(compulsory)
course
结构同现:
结构同现批搭配之类的句型和成对出现的短语。如：
some…,
others;
on
one
hand…,
on
the
other
hand;
former…,
latter;
so…that;
not
only…but
also;
hardly/scarcely…when…;
no
sooner…than…;
be
about
to
do
/be
doing
/had
done
/be
on
the
point
of
doing/be
to
do/be
ready
to
do/be
on
the
way
…
when…;
例：①
I
put
my
head
in,
expecting
the
worst.
But
to
my
surprise,
the
room
wasn’t
empty
at
all.
It
had
furniture,
curtains,
a
TV,
and
even
paintings
on
the
wall.
And
then
on
the
well-made
bed
sat
Amy,
my
new
__________,
dressed
neatly.
A.
roommate
B.
classmate
C.
neighbor
D.
companion
②
The
__________
Knows
…….
Smell,
however,
does
seem
to
play
a
part
in
human
attraction.
A.
Nose
B.
Eye
C.
Heart
D.
Hand
3.
词汇提示（四个选项不能是同近义词的辨析）
正确答案必须有逻辑衔接关系或上下文等提示依据，如并列（同义词、近义词）、转折（反义词）、递进等。
例：Another
important
error
is
mixed-ability
teaching,
or
teaching
in
ability
group
so
__________
that
the
most
able
pupils
are
(held
back)
and
are
bored
while
the
least
able
are
lost
and
(equally)
bored.
Strangely
enough,
few
head
teachers
seem
to
be
in
favor
of
mixed-ability
school
football
teams.
wide
B.
similar
C.
separate
D.
unique
例：Many
people
think
that
listening
is
a
passive
business.
It
is
just
the
__________
one.
Listening
well
is
an
active
exercise
of
our
attention
and
hard
work.
A.
positive
B.
opposite
C.
same
D.
wrong
例：The
continuous
presentation
of
frightening
stories
about
global
warming
in
the
popular
media
makes
us
unnecessarily
frightened.
Even
worse,
it
__________
our
kids.
A.
exhausts
B.
depresses
C.
terrifies
D.
exploits
4.背景知识（生活常识、语言、文化、历史知识积累等）
例：The
first
is
the
removal
from
the
curriculum
of
the
thorough
teaching
of
English
__________.
Pupils
now
do
not
know
a
verb
from
a
noun,
the
subject
of
a
sentence
from
its
object,
or
the
difference
between
the
past,
present,
or
future.
A.
vocabulary
B.
culture
C.
grammar
D.
literature
例：EFL
teachers
often
complain
that
students,
despite
years
of
studying
English,
simply
will
not
speak
it.
They’re
too
afraid
of
making
mistakes
of
the
grammar
or
mispronouncing
words
in
a
way
that
would
__________
them.
A.
amuse
B.
inform
C.
remind
D.
embarrass
词组、短语等固定搭配（必须有逻辑衔接关系或上下文等依据）
固定搭配，常用词组短语。包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，同时要根据逻辑衔接、上下文内容等选择正确的短语。
一般是整体考察该搭配，而不单独考察介词或短语中的某个部分
例：But
even
if
you
do
accept
that
a
sixth
sense
exists,
the
question
is,
does
it
actually
__51__?
Radin
says
it
does.
“The
future
of
our
civilization
depends
on
(decision)
that
are
being
made
now,
whether
it's
about
how
we
farm
our
food,
how
we
get
rid
of
our
waste
or
whether
we
allow
chemicals
to
be
included
in
everyday
products…”
A.
serve
any
purpose
B.
take
any
advantage
C.
make
any
progress
D.
win
any
support
非逻辑类上下文语境提示（context）
(1)
提示在前
例：About
ten
years
ago,a
young
and
very
successful
manager
named
Josh
was
traveling
down
a
Chicago
neighborhood
street.
He
was
going
a
bit
fast
in
his
__________
car.
A.
old
B.
expensive
C.
second-hand
D.
slow
(2)
提示在后
例：Many
old
people
don’t
have
good
________
.They
can’t
watch
TV,
but
they
can
listen
to
the
music.
A.
hearing
B.
health
C.
eyesight
D.
time
6.逻辑关系上下文语境提示（文章的衔接与连贯）
1).并列关系
and;
also;
as
well
as;
both…
and…;
either…or…;
neither…nor…;
not
only…
but
also…;
in
the
same
way;
too,
and,
and
also,
or,
neither…nor,
either…or,
likewise,
similarly,
equally,
in
the
same
way,
that
is
to
say,
as
well
as,
same…as
例：…improve
employee’s
health
and
productivity,
reduce
legal
liability,
and
_____
property
values
and
rental
returns.
A.
involve
B.
enhance
C.
share
D.
show
解析：句意是“绿色环保建筑能够改善员工的健康及生产力，并且增加建筑的价值及租金回报”，根据and可看出此空是与前面的improve构成并列。四个选项中
，只有B表示“增强或提高”，所以答案为B。
2).转折关系
yet;
but;
unless;
despite
that;
in
spite
of;
though;
although;
although
this
may
be
true;
even
so;
even
though;
however;
sometimes;
once
in
a
while;
independent
of;
reckless
of;
regardless
of
but,
however,
yet,
on
the
contrary,
by
contrast,
on
the
other
hand,
unfortunately,
while,
whereas,
unlike,
rather
than,
instead
of
例：The
following
numbers
would
be
__________
for
most
of
us
to
remember.
1492178919931848.
But
look
at
them
in
“
chunks”,
and
it
becomes
much
easier.
1492
1789
1993
1848.
A.
convenient
B.
impossible
C.
meaningful
D.
technical
解析：两句之间的But表明是转折关系，下文出现了“it
becomes
much
easier”，所以此空要填的词与easier形成对比，即选B，impossible。
3).因果关系
because,
since,
as,
for
thus,
hence,
therefore,
so,
for
the
same
reason;
for
this
reason;
in
consequence,
as
a
consequence
obviously;
evidently,
consequently,
accordingly
with,
due
to,
lead
to,
thanks
to,
as
a
result
of,
because
of,
in
response
to,
in
view
of;
owing
to
being
that;
for
the
reason
that;
in
that,
…
so
that…,
so
(such)…that,
on
account
of
…
and
so…;
another
important
factor/reason
…;
the
reason
seems
obvious;
there
are
about…;
as
a
result;
too…to...
例：__________
its
artful
design
and
some
fancy
technology,
it
is
expected
to
consume
up
to
50%
less
energy
than
a
conventional
office
building.
A.
In
place
of
B.
Thanks
to
C.
In
spite
of
D.
In
addition
to
解析：句意是“由于艺术性的设计及奇特的技术，环保建筑大楼比传统的办公大楼少消耗50%的能源”，所以此空可得出答案为B。
4).递进关系
in
addition,
furthermore,
again,
also,
besides,
moreover,
what’s
more,
what’s
worse,
to
make
matters
worse,
to
make
things
worse,
worse
still,
accordingly;
as
a
popular
saying
goes…;
as
far
as…
is
concerned;
at
the
same
time;
even;
further;
in
order
to…;
in
other
words;
in
the
first
place…,
in
the
second
place…;
in
this
way;
meanwhile;
not
only…,
but
also…;
not…
but…;
lastly;
for
one
thing…,
for
another…
then,
also,
besides,
additionally,
furthermore,
moreover,
in
addition,
what
is
more,
indeed
例：We
have
nothing
against
diversity;
indeed,
we
want
more
of
it.
我们并不反对多样化；其实，我们希望有更多的多样化。
50.比较关系
(when)
compared
with,
in
comparison
with,
in
the
same
way,
just
as,
as
with,
like,
equally,
likewise,
similarly,
rather
than,
apart
from,
by
the
same
token(同样),
in
the
same
vein(同样)
6）.对比关系
in
contrast,
on
the
other
hand,
instead,
however,
nevertheless,
unlike,
on
the
contrary,
in
contrast,
while,
after
all;
as
opposed
to;
balanced
against;
up
against;
vis
a
vis;
conversely;
on
the
one
hand…
on
the
other
hand…;
contrary
to;
conversely
unlike;
different
from
this;
nevertheless;
whereas
7）.举例解说关系（如破折号、定从、冒号等提示）
for
example;
for
instance;
in
this
case;
in
another
case;
on
this
occasion;
in
this
situation;
to
demonstrate;
to
illustrate;
according
to;
as
an
illustration;
as
for;
as
regards;
as
to;
in
particular;
including;
namely;
notably;
such
as;
like;
take…
as
an
example;
you
may
say,
such
as,
of/among
these/those/them,
more
specifically
speaking,
namely（i.e.=that
is）
例：There
is
nothing
61
about
these
methods
—
they
were
around
even
in
ancient
times.
61.
A.
effective
B.
awful
C.
valuable
D.
new
解析：句意是“这些方法没有什么新颖之处---他们在古代就已经有了。”句中破折号表解释说明，所以选D。
8）.强调关系
definitely;
obviously;
absolutely;
positively;
naturally;
surprisingly;
always;
forever;
perennially;
eternally;
emphatically;
never;
unquestionably;
without
a
doubt;
certainly;
surely;
undeniably;
without
reservation;
believe
it
or
not;
especially;
particularly;
in
particular;
specifically;
in
fact;
as
a
matter
of
fact;
actually;
indeed;
moreover;
not
to
mention…;
what
is
more
important;
notably;
that
is;
especially,
of
course,
surely
注：有些具有弱转或者反差的意味。如：
actually
ad.〔表示想法与事实不一致因而惊奇〕居然，竟然
e.g.
It
was
actually
quite
fun
after
all.
这居然还很有趣。
indeed
ad.
实际上，其实；甚至〔用来补充内容，以强调或支持刚说过的话〕
e.g.
I
don't
mind
at
all.
Indeed,
I
would
be
delighted
to
help.
我根本不介意。其实，我倒很乐意帮上一把。
9）.让步关系
but,
still,
(and)
yet,
however
whether…or
(not)…,
regardless
of…,
despite/in
spite
of
(the
fact
that),
with
all…,
after
all…,
while,
although,
though/as（倒装）,
even
though
/
even
if,
nevertheless,
nonetheless,
notwithstanding
(that)
whatever,?whoever,?whichever,
however,?whenever,?wherever?（以及相应的no
matter
…）
whereas,
for
all
(that),
for
all
one’s
(explanation),
with
all
one’s
(faults,
learning)
but
even
now/so/then,
not
but
that/what（相当于though）
granting/granted
(that),
assuming
(that),
supposing
(that),
admitting
(that),
动词（如be/come）+what/where/how/which/when…+will/may,
be/let+主语+（ever）so+形容词,
10）.时间和空间关系
afterward(s),
first,
later,
then,
soon,
finally,
at
last,
as
soon
as;
before,
after,
eventually,
first
of
all,
first
and
foremost,
for
a
start,
meanwhile,
in
the
meantime,
while,
now;
next,
not
…
until,
till,
later,
formerly,
previously,
prior
to,
since
then,
since,
subsequently,
to
begin
with,
to
start
with,
when
outside,
near,
beyond,
above,
below,
on
the
right(left),
in
the
middle,
opposite,
in
front
of
11）.列举关系
first—second—last
of
all,
first—then,
to
begin
with—to
continue/next,
on
one
hand—on
the
other
hand,
for
one
thing—for
another
thing,
one—another,
some—others—still
others
12）.总结或重复关系（结构性线索）
to
sum
up,
to
conclude,
in
conclusion,
the
conclusion
can
be
safely
drawn
that…,
in
a
word,
in
other
words,
in
short,
in
summary,
in
brief,
in
sum,
to
sum
up;
to
summarize,
all
in
all,
in
a
nutshell,
as
I
have
said,
as
I
have
noted,
as
has
been
noted,
as
is
mentioned
above,
as
I
have
shown;
to
generalize,
in
general,
accordingly;
altogether;
as
a
result;
consequently;
hence;
on
the
whole;
overall;
therefore;
hence
13）.条件关系
as
long
as;
if
it
necessary;
if
not
all;
if
possible;
if
so;
if;
lest;
once(一旦);
provided
that;
unless
例：Life
would
be
so
much
easier
if
we
could
remember
things
__________.
A.
effortlessly
B.
purposefully
C.
exactly
D.
carelessly
解析：句意是“生活将变的更容易，如果记忆不费力气。”所以选A。
综上：
完形填空不仅考查学生对词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。
注意事项：
良好的完形填空成绩主要表现在良好的阅读习惯和良好的语法功底，有人说，“得阅读者得天下”。完形填空也不例外。多做多练多总结。扫清词汇障碍后还应培养自己良好的阅读习惯。
1、要以意群，语义为单位读，不要逐词逐句地认；
2、要借助视觉扫读，不要手指唇动或无声心读；
3、要从头至尾，一气呵成，不要频繁回读；
4、要直接理解原文，不要逐词逐句地心译；
5、要利用上下文和构词法猜测生词，推测出句意，不要频繁查阅词典；
6、逐步扩大视距，要纵式快速阅读，不要横式赏析细读。
高考精练
一
2019上海春考
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passages
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
work
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
More
people
are
travelling
than
ever
before,
and
lower
harriers
to
entry
and
falling
costs
means
they
are
doing
so
for
___21___
periods.
The
rise
of
“city
breaks”
--48-hour
bursts
of
foreign
cultures,
easier
on
the
pocket
and
annual
leave
balance
has
increased
tourist
numbers,
but
not
their
___22___
spread.
The
same
attractions
have
been
used
to
market
cities
such
as
Paris,
Barcelona
and
Venice
for
decades,
and
visitors
use
the
same
infrastructure
as
residents
to
reach
them.
“Too
many
people
do
the
same
thing
at
the
exact
same
time,”
says
Font.
“For
___23___,
the
city
no
longer
belongs
to
them.”
This
starts
with
marketing,
says
Font,
who
notes
that
Amsterdam
has
started
advising
visitors
to
seek
___24___
outside
of
the
city
centre
on
its
official
website.
“That
takes
some
balls,
really
to
do
that.
But
only
so
many
people
will
look
at
the
website,
and
it
means
they
can
say
to
their
residents
they’re
doing
all
they
can
to
ease
congestion.”
But
it
also
___25___
a
better
way,
it
is
called
“detourism”:
sustainable
travel
tips
an
___26___
itineraries
for
exploring
an
authentic
Venice,
off
the
paths
beaten
by
the
28
million
visitors
who
flock
there
each
year.
A
greater
variety
of
___27___
for
prospective
visitors
------
ideas
for
what
to
do
in
off-peak
seasons,
for
example,
or
outside
of
the
city
center
------
can
have
the
effect
of
diverting
them
from
already
saturated
landmarks,
or
___28___
short
breaks
away
in
the
first
place.
Longer
stays
___29___
the
pressure,
says
Font.
If
you
go
to
Paris
for
two
days,
you’re
going
to
go
to
the
Eiffel
Tower.
“If
you
go
for
two
weeks,
you’re
not
going
to
go
to
the
Eiffel
Tower
14
times.”
Similarly,
repeat
visitors
have
a
better
sense
of
the
_____30_____,
“We
should
be
asking
how
we
get
tourists
to
_____31_____,
not
how
to
get
them
to
come
for
the
first
time.
If
they’re
coming
for
the
fifth
time,
it
is
much
easier
to
integrate
their
behavior
with
ours.”
Local
governments
can
foster
this
sustainable
activity
by
giving
preference
to
responsible
operator
and
even
high-paying
consumers.
Font
says
cities
could
stand
to
be
more
selective
about
the
tourists
they
try
to
attract
when
the
current
metric
for
marketing
success
is
how
many
there
are,
and
how
far
they’ve
come.
“You’re
thinking,
‘yeah
but
at
what
cost...’.”
He
points
to
unpublished
data
from
the
Barcelona
Tourist
Board
that
prioritizes
Japanese
tourists
for
spending
an
average
of
?40
more
per
day
than
French
tourist
as
a(n)
_____32_____
that
fails
to
take
into
account
their
bigger
carbon
footprint.
_____33_____
tourists
are
also
more
likely
to
be
repeat
visitors
that
come
at
off-peak
times,
buy
local
produce,
and
_____34_____
to
less
crowded
parts
of
the
city
------
all
productive
steps
towards
more
_____35_____
tourism,
and
more
peaceful
relations
with
residents.
21.
A.
longer
B.
shorter
C.
wider
D.
clearer
22.
A.
environmental
B.
national
C.
economic
D.
geographic
23.
A.
locals
B.
tourists
C.
visitors
D.
cleaners
24.
A.
transports
B.
accommodation
C.
restaurants
D.
service
25.
A.
addresses
B.
paves
C.
proposes
D.
receives
26.
A.
separate
B.
individual
C.
alternative
D.
objective
27.
A.
reform
B.
guidance
C.
invitation
D.
support
28.
A.
convincing
B.
discouraging
C.
preventing
D.
resisting
29.
A.
pace
B.
escape
C.
withstand
D.
ease
30.
A.
culture
B.
knowledge
C.
entertainment
D.
ability
31.
A.
take
over
B.
bring
up
C.
come
back
D.
lay
off
32.
A.
distinction
B.
harmony
C.
association
D.
comparison
33.
A.
French
B.
Italian
C.
Spanish
D.
German
34.
A.
carry
out
B.
give
into
C.
spread
out
D.
impact
on
35.
A.
slight
B.
complex
C.
temporary
D.
sustainable
二
2019上海高考
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context
.
We’re
told
that
writing
is
dying.
Typing
on
keyboards
and
screens____41____
written
communication
today.
Learning
cursive,
joined-up
handwriting
was
once____42____
in
schools.
But
now,
not
so
much.
Countries
such
as
Finland
have
dropped
joined-up
handwriting
lessons
in
schools____43____
typing
courses.
And
in
the
US,
the
requirement
to
learn
cursive
has
been
left
out
of
core
standards
since
2013.
A
few
US
states
still
place
value
on
formative
cursive
education,
such
as
Arizona,
but
they'
re
not
the____44____.
Some
experts
point
out
that
writing
lessons
can
have
indirect____45____.
Anne
Trubek,
author
of
The
History
and
Uncertain
Future
of
Handwriting,
argues
that
such
lessons
can
reinforce
a
skill
called
automaticity.
That’s
when
you've
perfected
a
task,
and
can
do
it
almost
without
thinking,
____46____
you
extra
mental
bandwidth
to
think
about
or
do
other
things
while
you’re
doing
the
task.
In
this
sense,
Trubek
likens
handwriting
to____47____.
“Once
you
have
driven
for
a
while,
you
don't____48____
think
‘Step
on
gas
now’
[or]
‘Turn
the
steering
wheel
a
bit’,”
she
explains.
“You
just
do
it.
That's
what
we
want
children
to____49____
when
learning
to
write.
You
and
I
don't
think
‘now
make
a
loop
going
up
for
the
‘1’-
or
"now
look
for
the
letter
'r'
on
the
keyboard.
Trubek
has
written
many
essays
and
books
on
handwriting,
and
she
doesn't
believe
it
will
die
out
for
a
very
1ong
time,
“if
ever”.
But
she
believes
students
are
learning
automaticity
faster
with
keyboards
than
with
handwriting:
students
are
learning
how
to
type
without
looking
at
the
keys
at____50____
ages
,
and
to
type
faster
than
they
could
write,
granting
them
extra
time
to
think
about
word
choice
or
sentence
structure.
In
a
piece
penned
(if
you'll
pardon
the
expression)
for
the
New
York
Times
last
year,
Trubek
argued
that
due
to
the
improved
automaticity
of
keyboards,
today's
children
may
well
become
better
communicators
in
text
as____51____
takes
up
less
of
their
education.
This
is
a(n)
____52____
that
has
attracted
both
criticism
and
support.
She
explains
that
two
of
the
most
common
arguments
she
hears
from
detractors
regarding
the
decline
of
handwriting
is
that
not____53____
it
will
result
in
a
“loss
of
history”
and
a
“loss
of
personal
touch”.
On
the
former
she____54____
that
95%
of
handwritten
manuscripts
can't
be
read
by
the
average
person
anyway
—
“that's
why
we
have
paleographers,”
she
explains,
paleography
being
the
study
of
ancient
styles
of
writing
—
while
the
latter
refers
to
the
warm____55____
we
give
to
handwritten
personal
notes,
such
as
thank-you
cards.
Some
educators
seem
to
agree,
at
least
to
an
extent,
(466
words)
（
）41.
A.
abandons
B.
dominates
C.
enters
D.
absorbs
（
）42.
A.
compulsory
B.
opposite
C.
crucial
D.
relevant
（
）43.
A.
in
want
of
B.
in
case
of
C.
in
favour
of
D.
in
addition
to
（
）44.
A.
quantity
B.
minimum
C.
quality
D.
majority
（
）45.
A.
responsibility
B.
benefits
C.
resources
D.
structure
（
）46.
A.
granting
B.
getting
C.
bringing
D.
coming
（
）47.
A.
sleeping
B.
driving
C.
reviewing
D.
operating
（
）48.
A.
eventually
B.
constantly
C.
equivalently
D.
consciously
（
）49.
A.
adopt
B.
reach
C.
acquire
D.
activate
（
）50.
A.
slower
B.
later
C.
faster
D.
earlier
（
）51.
A.
handwriting
B.
adding
C.
forming
D.
understanding
（
）52.
A.
trust
B.
look
C.
view
D.
smile
（
）53.
A.
containing
B.
spreading
C.
choosing
D.
protecting
（
）54.
A.
commits
B.
counters
C.
completes
D.
composes
（
）55.
A.
associations
B.
resources
C.
procedures
D.
?ntеraсt?on?
三
2017上海春考
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Ever
been
just
about
to
call
someone
when
the
phone
rings
and
the
person
in
question
is
on
the
other
end?
Or
have
you
experienced
a
sudden
feeling
of
unease
or
danger
even
though
you’re
in
a(n)
41
situation?
If
you
don’t
believe
in
it,
you’ll
put
it
down
to
42
and
on
overactive
imagination.
But
some
people
believe
it
is
43
that
there
is
a
sixth
sense
beyond
smell,
taste,
touch,
hearing
and
sight.
Now,
scientists
are
carrying
out
experiments
not
only
to
prove
that
it
exists,
but
also
to
find
out
how
you
can
44
it
to
your
advantage.
Dean
Radin,
a
researcher
in
California,
has
set
up
the
Boundary
Institute
in
Los
Altos
and
is
currently
using
its
website
to
recruit（招募）4,000
people
in
57
countries
to
find
out
if
there
are
any
45
instances
of
sixth
sense
or,
as
he
calls
it,
“precognition”—the
ability
to
predict
outcomes.
The
results
so
far
are
46
.
In
a
card
test,
where
you
have
to
47
which
of
the
five
cards
on
a
computer
screen
will
be
turned
over
to
reveal
a
picture,
the
top
scorers
hit
the
right
card
48%
of
the
time—the
48
of
this
happening
are
2,669
to
1.
49
,
Radin’s
most
famous
study
involves
participants
looking
at
a
variety
of
images
that
are
designed
to
stimulate
a
specific
responses.
In
the
experiment,
participants
sit
alone
in
a
room
in
front
of
a
computer,
with
devices
attached
to
their
bodies
to
measure
changes
in
skin
resistance
and
blood
flow,
which
are
measures
of
emotional
arousal.
Radin
has
found
that
one
in
six
people
has
a
rise
in
arouse
before
they
see
the
road
accident-type
pictures,
while
remaining
50
before
the
tree-type
pictures.
But
even
if
you
do
accept
that
a
sixth
sense
exists,
the
question
is,
does
it
actually
51
?
Radin
says
it
does.
“the
future
of
our
civilisation
depends
on
52
that
are
being
made
now,
whether
it’s
about
how
we
farm
our
food,
how
we
get
rid
of
our
waste
or
whether
we
allow
chemicals
to
be
included
in
everyday
products.
We
don’t
have
answers
to
these
important
questions,
yet
what
we
decide
on
will
53
our
lives
for
decades
or
longer.
Anything
we
can
do
to
improve
our
ability
to
predict
future
events
is
well
worth
the
54
,”
he
says.
“If
it
turns
out
that
some
people
can
genuinely
forecast
the
future
some
of
the
time,
as
I
believe
the
data
shows,
then
55
this
ability
is
as
important
as
cutting-edge
science.
41.
A.
unfamiliar
B.
tough
C.
harmless
D.
ridiculous
42.
A.
coincidence
B.
resistance
C.
innovation
D.
distraction
43.
A.
mystery
B.
evidence
C.
falsehood
D.
innocence
44.
A.
alter
B.
define
C.
find
D.
use
45.
A.
historical
B.
strange
C.
mistaken
D.
true
46.
A.
extraordinary
B.
inevitable
C.
alarming
D.
disappointing
47.
A.
ask
B.
guess
C.
recall
D.
learn
48.
A.
figures
B.
methods
C.
scores
D.
chance
49.
A.
However
B.
Otherwise
C.
Meanwhile
D.
Consequently
50.
A.
active
B.
calm
C.
silent
D.
alert
51.
A.
serve
any
purpose
B.
take
any
advantage
C.
make
any
progress
D.
win
any
support
52.
A.
inquiries
B.
decisions
C.
donations
D.
comparisons
53.
A.
ruin
B.
improve
C.
affect
D.
wait
54.
A.
expense
B.
risk
C.
effort
D.
wait
55.
A.
proving
B.
challenging
C.
limiting
D.
understanding
模拟精练
一
2020高考模拟
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
???
A
college
degree
is,
in
most
cases,
the
key
to
more
money
and
a
more
comfortable
standard
of
living.
But
that
pathway
to
higher
earnings
is
more
1
to
some
than
others:
A
lot
of
leading
colleges
do
not
enroll
a
lot
of
low-income
students,
and
as
a
result,
they're
not
2
very
many
students
from
low-income
households
into
the
middle
and
upper
classes.
3
,
though
strategies
for
enrolling
and
preserving
low-income
students
are
usually
mentioned,
they
can
be
tough
to
4
?at
scale.
???
Dozens
of
top
colleges
and
universities
have
more
students
from
the
top
1
percent
of
the
income
scale
than
the
5
?60
percent.
And
that's
a
problem
if
colleges
hope
to
escape
the
common
6
that
they
are
little
more
than
a
finishing
school
for
the
elite
(精英).
???
But
there
are
institutions
—
a
lot
of
them
—
that
have
strong
track
records
of
7
?the
socioeconomic
fortunes
of
students.
If
higher
education
is
supposed
to
be
the
great
equalizer
(平衡器),
these
institutions
—
from
community
colleges
to
public
regional
four-year
colleges
—
are
the
ones
that
are
doing
the
most
work.
???
Colleges
should
be
8
recruiting
and
enrolling
low-income
students
—
and
that
means
more
than
targeting
ads
to
9
?students
on
social
media.
It
means
a
commitment
to
going
where
they
are
—
areas
that
a
lot
of
schools
do
not
typically
recruit
—
and
publicize
the
process
of
going
to
college.
Then
they
should
be
supporting
students
with
10
?when
the
students
get
to
campus
—
whether
it's
writing
centers,
generous
financial
aid
packages,
or
simply
sympathetic
academic
advisors
who
perhaps
came
from
low-income
backgrounds
themselves.
And
it
is
also
preparing
students
for
jobs
after
college
and
building
relationships
with
businesses
that
11
the
process
of
finding
post-graduation
employment
for
students,
especially
for
those
whose
parents
don't
have
their
own
professional
12
.
???
Pace
ranks
first
among
private
colleges
in
motivating
its
students
from
the
lowest
levels
of
the
income
scale
and
into
the
middle
and
upper
class.
There
are
a
lot
of
ways
in
which
people
of
privilege
(特权)
13
?their
college
years
or
having
unpaid
internships
(实习)
or
having
the
social
capital
to
get
certain
jobs.
But
colleges
can
fill
those
14
,
particularly
for
low-income
students,
helping
students
get
jobs,
or
sustaining
them
with
programs
that
help
them
land
paid
internships
with
top
companies.
We
can
provide
strong
networks
through
faculty
and
staff
as
well
to
help
a
new
generation,
a
new,
socioeconomically
15
?generation,
achieve
the
American
dream.
1.
A.
significant
B.
necessary
C.
available
D.
realistic
2.
A.
evaluating
B.
urging
C.
refusing
D.
promoting
3.
A.
However
B.
What's
more
C.
By
contrast
D.
On
the
whole
4.
A.
implement
B.
replace
C.
overcome
D.
track
5.
A.
minimum
B.
bottom
C.
medium
D.
optimum
6.
A.
criticism
B.
comment
C.
practice
D.
suspicion
7.
A.
worsening
B.
claiming
C.
improving
D.
denying
8.
A.
directly
B.
strictly
C.
actively
D.
cautiously
9.
A.
urban
B.
native
C.
suburban
D.
prospective
10.
A.
resources
B.
coaches
C.
skills
D.
funds
11.
A.
push
B.
ease
C.
slow
D.
affect
12.
A.
trainings
B.
careers
C.
standards
D.
networks
13.
A.
benefit
from
B.
invest
in
C.
fit
into
D.
advance
through
14.
A.
vacancies
B.
gaps
C.
bottoms
D.
blanks
15.
A.
competitive
B.
responsible
C.
diverse
D.
dynamic
二
2019松江区
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Whether
it’s
from
an
awful
breakup
or
a
painful
life
event,
some
memories
can
return
repeatedly
to
our
mind
for
the
entire
lives.
But,
what
if
science
can
___41___
your
bad
memories
so
that
you
can
start
all
over
again?
As
is
known
to
all,
memory
is
an
incredibly
complex
___42___.
While
scientists
used
to
believe
it
was
like
a
filing
cabinet
and
particular
memories
were
stored
in
different
sections
of
the
brain,
we
now
know
this
is
___43___.
In
fact,
each
memory
is
a
brain
wide
process.
If
you
end
up
remembering
something,
it’s
because
the
cells
in
your
brain
are
being
fired,
___44___
new
connections
and
links
and
literally
rebuild
the
circuitry
of
your
mind.
And
this
change
is
partially
___45___
by
proteins
in
the
brain.
So
what
if
the
proteins
aren’t
available?
Simply
put,
memories
can’t
be
made.
Seriously,
scientists
have
tested
this
by
giving
animals
drugs
that
prevent
these
proteins
from
forming.
___46___,
the
animals
have
no
recollection
of
the
things
that
took
place
shortly
after
the
drug
was
taken.
From
this
research,
scientists
actually
found
a
way
to
target
long-term
memories
for
___47___.
You
see,
every
single
time
you
remember
a
memory,
your
brain
is
once
again
firing
and
rewiring.
In
fact,
each
time
you
reflect
on
a
memory,
you
are
physically
changing
that
memory
in
your
mind.
And
each
time
the
memory
is
changed
a
little,
it
reflects
your
___48___
thoughts.
Remembering,
to
a
great
extent,
is
an
act
of
___49___
and
imagination,
which
means
that
the
more
you
reflect
on
old
memories,
the
less
accurate
they
will
become.
And
scientists
have
actually
quantified
this
change.[来@源%:中
^~教网]
After
9/11,
hundreds
of
people
were
asked
about
their
memories
of
the
dreadful
day.
A
year
later,
37%
of
the
details
had
changed.
By
2004,
nearly
50%
of
the
details
had
changed
or
gone
___50___.
And
because
memories
are
formed
and
rebuilt
every
time,
if
you
administer
(服药)
the
protein-preventing
drug
while
recalling
a
memory,
the
memory
can
be
___51___
removed.
To
test
this,
scientists
took
lab
rats
and
played
sound
for
them,
shortly
followed
by
an
electric
shock.
___52___
doing
this
for
many
times,
the
rats
quickly
learned
that
if
they
heard
the
sound,
a
shock
was
soon
to
follow.
Therefore,
they
would
stress
up
and
freeze
every
time
they
heard
it.
Months
later,
these
rats
would
still
___53___
the
noise.
However,
if
they
administered
the
drug
first,
the
rats
would
lose
the
memory
of
the
sound,
and
simply
continue
on.
They
had
lost
their
memory
of
that
specific
noise.[来源:
zzste@p^.~co%m]
To
be
sure
that
the
drug
wasn’t
just
causing
large-scale
brain
damage,
scientists
repeated
these
experiments
with
various
tones
this
time.
Both
sounds
would
warn
for
a
shock
and
___54___
the
rats
would
fear
both.
But
if
they
administered
the
drug
and
played
only
one
of
the
sounds,
the
mice
would
only
forget
that
one
tone,
while
still
remaining
___55___
of
the
other.
Over
time
scientists
have
discovered
specific
drugs
to
target
particular
proteins
across
different
parts
of
the
brain.
41.
A.
refresh
B.
forget
C.
control
D.
erase
42.
A.
range
B.
process
C.
idea
D.
structure[中%国教
&育^出版@网]
43.
A.
incorrect
B.
evident
C.
partial
D.
complex
44.
A.
eliminating
B.
decreasing
C.
bringing
D.
building
45.
A.
inspired
B.
stopped
C.
identified
D.
perfected
46.
A.
By
contrast
B.
On
the
contrary
C.
As
a
result
D.
For
example
47.
A.
evaluation
B.
estimation
C.
deletion
D.
production
48.
A.
terrified
B.
critical
C.
current
D.
former
49.
A.
repetition
B.
creation
C.
function
D.
reproduction[中国教育出版@^&网
%]
50.
A.
uncontrolled
B.
complicated
C.
valuable
D.
missing
51.
A.
repeatedly
B.
effectively
C.
hardly
D.
consistently
52.
A.
Before
B.
Until
C.
After
D.
While
53.
A.
turn
to
B.
respond
to
C.
adapt
to
D.
return
to
54.
A.
surprisingly
B.
especially
C.
eventually
D.
similarly
55.
A.
suspicious
B.
careful
C.
painful
D.
fearful
三
2019上师大附中
Directions：For
each
blank
in
the
following
passages
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C,
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Microsoft
Corp
founder
Bill
Gates
caught
people’s
eye
in
a
recent
interview,
when
he
suggested
that
robots
should
be
taxed
in,
order
to
help
humans
keep
their
jobs.
Gates
is
only
one
of
many
people
in
the
tech
world
who
have
worried
about
automation
and
its
____21____
to
workers.
It’s
easy
to
see
why
the
tech
world
is
____22____.
The
rise
of
machine
learning
has
increased
the
fear
that
____23____
humans
could
simply
become
out
of
date--____24____,
3.5
million
American
truck
drivers
might
soon
find
their
jobs
threatened
by
driverless
trucks.
Though
in
the
past,
technology
usually
complemented
workers
____25____
replacing
them,
there’s
no
law
of
nature
saying
the
technology
of
the
future
will
work
the
same.
A
few
economists
even
claim
that
cheap
automation
has
already
____26____
income
from
workers
to
company
owners.
Another
____27____
is
that
even
if
the
mass
of
humanity
ultimately
does
find
new
ways
to
add
value
by
complementing
new
technology—to“race
with
the
machines,”as
economist
Erik
Brynjofsson
puts
it—this
transition
could
take
a
long
time
and
hurt
a
lot
of
people.
As
Bloomberg
View’s
Tyler
Cowen
has
noted,
wages
in
Britain
fell
for
four
decades
at
the
start
of
the
Industrial
Revolution.
More
____28____,
we’ve
seen
very
slow
and
painful
adjustment
to
the
impact
of
globalization.
If
the
machine
learning
revolution
hurts
workers
for
40
years
before
ultimately
helping
them,
it
might
be
worth
it
to
____29____
that
revolution
and
give
them
time
to
adjust.
The
main
argument
against
taxing
the
robots
is
that
it
might
hold
back
____30____.
Growth
in
rich
countries
has
slowed
markedly
in
the
past
decade,
suggesting
that
it’s
getting
harder
and
harder
to
find
new
ways
of
doing
things.
Stagnating
productivity,
combined
with
falling
business
investment,
suggests
that
____31____
of
new
technology
is
currently
too
slow
rather
than
too
fast—the
biggest
problem
right
now
isn’t
too
many
robots,
it’s
too
few.
Taxing
new
technology,
however
it’s
done,
could
make
that
slowdown
worse.
The
problem
with
Gate’s
basic
proposal
is
that
it’s
very
hard
to
tell
the
difference
between
new
technology
that
____32____
humans
and
new
technology
that
replaces
them.
This
is
especially
true
over
the
long
term.
Power
looms（织布机）replaced
human
weavers
back
in
the
Industrial
Revolution.
____33____,
people
eventually
became
more
productive,
by
learning
to
operate
those
looms.
If
taxes
had
slowed
the
development
of
power
looms,
the
eventual
improvements
would
have
come
later.
This
is
a
powerful
argument
____34____
the
taxation
of
automation.
Gates
is
right
to
say
that
we
should
start
thinking
ahead
of
time
about
how
to
use
policy
to
mitigate（缓和）the
unintended
consequences
of
automation.
But
given
the
importance
of
sustaining
innovation,
we
should
look
at
____35____
policies.
21.
A.
resistance
B.
threat
C.
admission
D.
dedication
22.
A.
frightened
B.
worried
C.
intolerant
D.
offensive
23.
A.
few
B.
several
C.
many
D.
any
24.
A.
in
other
words
B.
for
example
C.
of
course
D.
by
contrast
25.
A.
in
case
of
B.
because
of
C.
in
face
of
D.
instead
of
26.
A.
distracted
B.
digested
C.
directed
D.
disclosed
27.
A.
fear
B.
proposal
C.
adjustment
D.
complement
28.
A.
possibly
B.
recently
C.
primarily
D.
technically
29.
A.
slow…down
B.
make…up
C.
get…over
D.
give…up
30.
A.
modernism
B.
availability
C.
popularity
D.
innovation
31.
A.
persuasion
B.
adoption
C.
interruption
D.
elimination
32.
A.
complements
B.
engages
C.
invades
D.
matures
33.
A.
However
B.
Therefore
C.
Consequently
D.
Furthermore
34.
A.
from
B.
against
C.
by
D.
besides
35.
A.
uppermost
B.
stimulating
C.
persistent
D.
alternative
四
2019青浦区
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Michael
Wang
was
a
senior
at
James
Logan
High
School,
US,
back
in
2012.
According
to
The
New
Yorker,
he
was
confident
that
he
could
get
into
an
Ivy
League
university,
such
as
Harvard
or
Yale.
He
had
a
high
GPA,
___41___
at
debating
and
co-founded
a
math
club.
He
was
also
a
talented
pianist.
___42___,
his
dream
universities
turned
him
down.
His
less
talented
classmates,
who
were
Hispanic
or
African-American,
were
admitted
into
these
schools.
It
made
him
wonder
if
he
was
___43___
because
he
was
Asian.
On
Oct
15,
a
lawsuit
against
Harvard
brought
on
behalf
of
Asian-American
students
like
Wang
Began.
students
for
Fair
Admissions(SFFA),a
US
non-profit
organization.
___44___
Harvard
for
using
racial
balancing
in
their
admissions
process.
Harvard
has
denied
the
___45___considers
many
factors
when
___46___
whether
a
student
should
be
admitted,
including
academic
performance
and
extracurricular
activities
.
Harvard
added
that
the
number
of
Asian-Americans
admitted
to
the
school
had
greatly
increased
since
2010.”Race
alone
is
never
the
reason
a
students
___47___
admission,
”William
Lee,
a
lawyer
for
Harvard,
told
the
guardian.
”And
race
is
never
the
reason
a
student
is
denied.”
Harvard
is
not
the
only
university
to
have
been
accused
of
___48___against
Asian-Americans.
In
September,
the
US
Justice
Department
begin
to___49___whether
Yale
University
discriminates
against
Asian-Americans,
The
case
has
____50____
a
longstanding
debate
over
affirmative
action
policies(平均法案政策)
that
allow
universities
to
use
race
as
a
factor
when
considering
applications.
The
policies____51____
benefit
African-American
and
latino
students
in
an
effort
to
make
up
for
centuries
of
racial
discrimination,
according
to
THE
NEW
YORK
Times,
the
SFFA
wants
the
use
of
race
in
the
admissions
process
to
be
ended,
____52____
that
it
causes
inequality.”People
should
be
judged
on
character
and
____53____,”However,
a
student,
Havard
said
that
____54____
the
race
criterion
would
“reduce
students’
opportunities
to
live
and
learn
in
a
diverse
campus
environment”.
Although
the
case
has
just
begun,
the____55____judgement”
could
influence
admissions
to
US
universities
for
years
to
come,”
according
to
AI
Jaxeera,
a
Qatar
based
TV
station
41.
A.
crazy
B.
amazed
C.
gifted
D.
slow
42.
A.
Besides
B.
Fortunately
C.
Undoubtedly
D.
However
43.
A.
rejected
B.
dismissed
C.
enclosed
D.
stopped
44.
A.
trapped
B.
oppressed
C.
sued
D.
blamed
45.
A.
charge
B.
mistake
C.
claim
D.
compaint
46.
A.
conforming
B.
determining
C.
acknowledging
D.
surveying
47.
A.
robbed
B.
granted
C.
entitled
D.
convinced
48.
A.
preference
B.
favor
C.
opposition
D.
discrimination
49.
A.
investigate
B.
research
C.
wonder
D.
inquire
50.
A.
preferred
B.
infected
C.
fueled
D.
brought
51.
A.
necessarily
B.
equally
C.
traditionally
D.
unintentionally
52.
A.
considering
B.
debating
C.
annoying
D.
arguing
53.
A.
academics
B.
strength
C.
benefit
D.
moralities
54.
A.
dropping
B.
setting
C.
implementing
D.
imposing
55.
A.
official
B.
existent
C.
gradual
D.
eventual
五
2019普陀区
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Words
to
Turn
a
Conversation
Around
It’s
not
what
you
say,
but
it’s
how
you
say
it
–
isn’t
it?
According
to
a
language
expert,
we
may
have
this
wrong.
“We
are
pushed
and
pulled
around
by
language
far
more
than
we
____21____,”
says
Elizabeth
Stoke,
professor
of
social
interaction
at
Loughborough
University.
Stoke
and
her
colleagues
have
____22____
thousands
of
hours
of
recorded
conversations,
from
customer
services
to
mediation(调解)
hotlines
and
police
crisis
____23____.
They
discovered
that
certain
words
or
phrases
have
the
power
to
change
the
course
of
a
conversation.
Some
of
these
words
are
surprising,
and
____24____
what
we’ve
been
taught
to
believe.
For
example,
in
a
study
of
conversations
between
doctors
and
patients,
evidence
showed
that
doctors
who
____25____
options
rather
than
recommended
best
solutions,
got
a
better
response,
despite
the
suggestion
from
hospital
guidelines
to
talk
about
the
best
interests
of
the
patient.
But,
from
conversation
experts
such
as
Stoke
to
FBI
negotiators
and
communication
coaches,
we’re
learning
which
words
are
likely
to
___26___
or
persuade
us.
Stoke
found
that
people
who
had
already
responded
____27____
when
asked
if
they
would
like
to
attend
mediation
seemed
to
change
their
minds
when
the
mediator
used
the
phrase.
“Would
you
be
willing
to
come
for
a
meeting?”
“As
soon
as
the
word
‘willing’
was
used,
people
would
say:
‘Oh,
yes,
definitely’—they
would
actually
____28____
the
sentence
to
agree.”
Stoke
found
it
had
the
same
effect
in
different
settings:
with
business-to-business
cold
callers;
with
doctors
trying
to
____29____
people
to
go
to
a
weight-loss
class.
She
also
looked
at
phrases
such
as
“Would
you
like
to”
and
“Would
you
be
interested
in”.
“Sometimes
they
____30____,
but
‘willing’
was
the
one
that
got
people
to
agree
more
rapidly
and
with
more
enthusiasm.”
“’Hello’
is
a
really
important
word
that
can
change
the
____31____
of
a
conversation,”
Stoke
says.
“It’s
about
how
you
respond
to
people
who
are
what
we
call
‘first
movers’
–
people
who
say
something
really
____32____,”
“It
might
be
the
work
colleagues
who
are
extremely
angry
to
your
desk
with
a
complaint
or
the
neighbor
who
____33____
rude
words
about
parking
as
you’re
putting
out
the
bins.”
“What
do
you
do
with
that
person?
Rather
than
respond
in
the
same
manner,
saying
something
nice,
such
as
a
very
bright
‘Hello!’,
socializes
that
other
person
a
little
bit.”
Use
it
when
you
want
to
resist
getting
into
a
____34____.
“You
have
to
be
careful
not
to
sound
too
passive-aggressive,”
Stoke
says,
“but
just
one
friendly
word
in
a
bright
tone
can
delete
the
____35____
of
the
conversation.”
21.
A.
suggest
B.
realize
C.
imply
D.
emphasize
22.
A.
analyzed
B.
addressed
C.
simplified
D.
discovered
23.
A.
instructions
B.
revolutions
C.
associations
D.
negotiations
24.
A.
get
into
B.
turn
away
C.
go
against
D.
insist
on
25.
A.
pointed
B.
inspired
C.
motivated
D.
listed
26.
A.
comfort
B.
defend
C.
support
D.
protect
27.
A.
actively
B.
positively
C.
negatively
D.
passively
28.
A.
finish
B.
reject
C.
refuse
D.
interrupt
29.
A.
persuade
B.
stimulate
C.
force
D.
tempt
30.
A.
interacted
B.
worked
C.
responded
D.
initiated
31.
A.
approach
B.
course
C.
evolution
D.
pattern
32.
A.
impractical
B.
unimaginative
C.
critical
D.
illogical
33.
A.
keeps
back
B.
answers
for
C.
agrees
on
D.
launches
into
34.
A.
conflict
B.
disaster
C.
strike
D.
damage
35.
A.
challenge
B.
debate
C.
worry
D.
silence
六
2019浦东新区
Vast
parts
of
Earth
should
be
left
wild
To
avoid
mass
extinctions
of
plants
and
animals，governments
should
protect
a
third
of
the
oceans
and
land
by
2030
and
half
by
2050，with
a
focus
on
areas
of
high
biodiversity．So
say
leading
biologists
in
an
editorial
in
the
journal
Science．
This
isn't
just
about
saving
biodiverse
areas，says
Jonathan
Baillie
of
the
National
Geographic
Society，one
of
the
authors．
It
is
also
about
saving
ourselves
by
protecting___21___
natural
systems，or
ecosystems，and
their
benefits
to
us，known
as
ecosystem
services．"We
are
learning
that
the
large
areas
that
remain
are
important
for
providing
services
for
all
life．The
forests，for
example，are___22___
for
absorbing
and
storing
carbon，"
says
Baillie．
At
present，just
3.6
per
cent
of
the
planet's
oceans
and
14.7
per
cent
of
land
is
protected
by
law．
At
the
2010
Nagoya
Conference
of
the
Convention
on
Biological
Diversity，
governments
agreed
to
protect
10
per
cent
of
the
oceans
and
17
per
cent
of
land
by
2020．
But
this
isn't
nearly
enough，says
Baillie．
In
the
editorial，
he
and
his
coauthor，
Ya﹣Ping
Zhang
of
the
Chinese
Academy
of
Sciences，want
governments
to
set
much
bigger___23___
at
the
next
major
conference
on
biodiversity
in
2020．
"We
have
to
enormously___24___
our
ambition
if
we
want
to
avoid
an
extinction
crisis
and
if
we
want
to
maintain
the
ecosystem
services
that
we___25___
benefit
from，"
says
Baillie．"The
trends
are
in
a___26___direction，
it's
just
we
have
to
move
much
faster．"
It
is
hard
to
work
out
how
much
space
is
needed
to
preserve
biodiversity
and
ecosystem___27___，
the
pair
say，
because
there
is
so
much
we
don't
know
about
life
on
Earth
﹣
like
how
many
species
there
are．
___28___,
most
estimates
suggest
that
between
25
and
75
percent
of
high
biodiversity
regions
or
major
ecosystems
should
be
protected．Therefore，we，
including
governments，should
be___29___
when
setting
goals
and
strategies．
"There
is
no
doubt
that
we
need
far
more
land
and
sea___30___
for
conserving
and
retaining
nature，"says
James
Watson
at
the
University
of
Queensland
in
Australia．
"Targets
like
50
per
cent
are
in
the
right
ball
park
when
it
comes
to
the
minimal___31___
of
area
needed
to
conserve
biodiversity．"
But
Watson
and
others
stress
that
which
areas
get
protected
is
even
more
important
than
the
overall
percentage．
"The
key
thing
is
to
protect
the
right
areas，"
says
Jose
Montoya
of
the
Station
for
Theoretical
and
Experimental
Ecology
in
Moulis,
France.
"If
we___32___
protect
a
proportion
of
the
territory，governments
will
likely
protect
what's
easy,
and
that's
usually
areas
of___33___
biodiversity
and
ecosystem
service
provision．"
In
fact,
a
third
of
the
3.6
percent
of
land
that
is
already
meant
to
be
protected
is
actually
being___34___,
Watson's
team
reported
last
month．So
only___35___
areas
to
be
protected
isn't
enough．
21.
A.
stricter
B.
wider
C.
safer
D.
simpler
22.
A.
unique
B.
sufficient
C.
critical
D.
fit
23.
A.
examples
B.
values
C.
awards
D.
objectives
24.
A.
increase
B.
achieve
C.
lack
D.
frustrate
25.
A.
barely
B.
currently
C.
roughly
D.
thoroughly
26.
A.
opposite
B.
fixed
C.
complex
D.
positive
27.
A.
approaches
B.
management
C.
benefits
D.
degradation
28.
A.
Therefore
B.
Furthermore
C.
However
D.
Otherwise
29.
A.
concerned
B.
changeable
C.
firm
D.
cautious
30.
A.
deserted
B.
secured
C.
measured
D.
distributed
31.
A.
damage
B.
cost
C.
amount
D.
standard
32.
A.
completely
B.
merely
C.
virtually
D.
desperately
33.
A.
mass
B.
tropical
C.
marine
D.
low
34.
A.
exploited
B.
expanded
C.
restored
D.
discovered[
35.
A.
developing
B.
covering
C.
declaring
D.
utilizing
七
2019金山区
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
The
constant
working
engine
that
drives
the
majority
of
human
action
is,
undoubtedly,
the
fragrant
dream
of
individualism.
And
while
the
presence
of
its
scent
is
___41___
throughout
the
world
entirely,
its
value
is
worshipped
(敬奉)
to
such
an
extent
in
a
land
no
other
than
that
of
America.
As
the
framework
of
its
history,
America
holds
individuality
as
the
ever-popular
green
light,
the
essence
of
which
becomes
the
symbol
of
hope
for,
well,
almost
everything.
In
fact,
in
America’s
current
social
status,
individuality
has
become
something
of
a
birthright,
and
a
___42___
applied
upon
the
face
of
the
media,
where
it
was
___43___
valued
as
the
American
dream.
There
is
no
denying
the
popularity
of
this
idol
in
American
society,
and
little
hope
for
___44___
it.
However,
___45___
most
pride
themselves
in
their
individualistic
state,
perhaps
humans,
when
stripped
(剥)
to
their
core
(核心),
are
everything
but.
It
is
no
new
discovery
that
people
are
the
sum
of
their
experiences.
The
overwhelming
majority
of
human
experiences
involve
other
humans,
along
with
the
___46___and
relationships
between
them.
It
is
a
___47___
occurrence
when
a
life
is
built
upon
events
without
this
stimulus.
Indeed,
interaction
is
the
core
of
experience.
Therefore,
in
order
that
humans
are
the
sum
of
their
experiences,
they
must
be
the
sum
of
the
people
that
they
meet,
just
as
well.
As
an
Americanized
teen,
I
found
the
discovery
that
not
only
my
self-entitled
individualism
was____48____,
but
that
I,
as
a
being,
was
a
product,
increasingly
unsettling
to
accept.
Questions
___49___
me
such
as
“If
I
am
bits
and
pieces
of
everyone
I
have
met
—
my
family,
my
teachers,
all
of
my
friends,
and
even
strangers
—
then
what
is
left
that
is
just
me?
What
part
of
me
is
just
me?
How
much
of
myself
is
the
combining
of
different
parts
of
different
people?
Is
such
a
___50___
between
myself
and
others
even
possible?”
Such
are
inquiries
that
will
continue
to
be
thought
about,
as
I
have
come
to
accept
that
they
will
remain
a
___51___.
Therefore,
with
the
allowance
of
these
questions,
the
response
must
be
a
___52___
in
the
definition
of
“oneself”.
The
previously
mentioned
questions
no
longer
concern
me,
as
I
have
put
a
stop
to
the
idea
that
the
“real”
me
is
some
lost
isolated
island
on
top
of
an
ocean
of
influence.
I
realized
that
my
personality
cannot
depend
on
a(n)
___53___
between
influence
and
individualism,
as
such
is
a
line
that
cannot
be
distinct.
___54___,
I
must
be
a
person
whose
calmness
is
a
beautifully
hazy
mixture,
and
a
steady
question.
Thus,
it
is
the
commonly
unnoticed
durable
mystery
that
is
the
frustration
of
those
who
can
___55___
the
lie
of
individualism.
Hopefully,
they
will
come
into
acceptance.
41.
A.
unpredictable
B.
untrustworthy
C.
unreliable
D.
undeniable
42.
A.
necessity
B.
characteristic
C.
mark
D.
model
43.
A.
later
B.
previously
C.
extremely
D.
publicly
44.
A.
destroying
B.
appreciating
C.
chasing
D.
escaping
45.
A.
though
B.
if
C.
since
D.
as
46.
A.
conflict
B.
tension
C.
interaction
D.
cooperation
47.
A.
common
B.
rare
C.
frequent
D.
strange
48.
A.
right
B.
justified
C.
unclear
D.
false
49.
A.
affected
B.
interrupted
C.
bothered
D.
surprised
50.
A.
separation
B.
combination
C.
contrast
D.
communication
51.
A.
secret
B.
mystery
C.
truth
D.
fantasy
52.
A.
gap
B.
belief
C.
factor
D.
change
53.
A.
distinction
B.
connection
C.
exchange
D.
medium
54.
A.
Therefore
B.
However
C.
Instead
D.
Furthermore
55.
A.
break
up
B.
make
up
C.
cope
with
D.
see
through
八
2019嘉定区
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Marmoset
monkeys
exist
on
a
branch
of
the
evolutionary
tree
that
is
distinct
from
the
one
that
led
to
mans.
But
they
constantly
astonish
researchers
with
____21____
behavior
that
seems
pretty
highly
evolved.
Their
social
organization
and
____22____
practices
could
have
been
the
model
for
the
phrase
“It
takes
a
village.”
A
dominant
male
and
female
breed,
and
their
babies
are
carefully
looked
after
by
extended
family
members
who
then
aren't
free
to
breed
themselves.
A
new
study
further
____23____
the
marmoset’s
reputation
for
admirable
community
values.
Researchers
report
that
these
caregivers
share
their
food
more
generously
with
little
ones
____24____
than
when
they’re
surrounded
by
the
watchful
eyes
of
other
community
members.
In
complex
societies
where
individuals
band
together
for
___25___
protection,
researchers
have
come
up
with
a
few
widely
accepted
explanations
for
selfless
behavior.
But
specific
acts,
like
sharing
a
delicious
cricket(蟋蟀)
with
a
begging
baby
marmoset,
seem
to
need
more
___26___
explanation
One
possibility
is
that
an
individual
practices
___27___
as
a
means
of
enhancing
his
status
among
peers.
By
___28___
that
he
is
so
well
gifted
with
material
goods
that
he
can
give
some
away,
this
do-gooder
enhances
his
power
within
the
group.
That,
in
turn,
may
___29___
prospective
mates.
The
other
explanation
for
charitable
behavior
___30___
that
kindnesses
extended
to
others
are
simply
the
fees
of
group
membership,
which
offers
some
future
promise
of
a
chance
to
mate.
Failure
to
share
would
result
in
exclusion
from
the
group
and
a
loss
of
___31___
partners.
Scientists
call
this
the
“pay
to
stay”
model.
Importantly,
for
both
of
these
models
to
work,
acts
of
kindness
must
have
a(n)
___32___.
That
suggests
you
would
see
more
sharing
in
group
settings;
away
from
judging
eyes,
a
caregiver
might
be
more
likely
to
keep
food
for
himself
or
herself.
And
yet,
in
2,581
tests
conducted
with
31
adult
and
14
baby
marmosets,
the
___33___
appeared
to
be
true
Anthropologists
(人类学家)
from
the
University
of
Zurich
carefully
documented
how
often,
in
groups
and
in
conditions
that
found
caregiver
and
baby
separated
from
the
crowd,
an
adult
would
share
his
or
her
cricket.
When
alone
with
a
baby
begging
for
a
taste,
adult
marmosets
shared
their
cricket
85%
of
the
time.
When
in
a
group,
caregivers
offered
up
their
cricket
67%
of
the
time.”
Our
results
show
that
helping
in
common
marmosets
is
not
driven
by
reputation
management
or
___34___
avoidance,
“
the
study
authors
reported
Rather,
it
is
driven
by
a
deep-down
motivation
to
help
that
is
more
___35___
expressed
when
individuals
are
alone
with
young.”
21.
A.
animal
B.
careful
C.
social
D.
individual
22.
A.
evolving
B.
communicating
C.
organizing
D.
parenting
23.
A.
shines
B.
damages
C.
affects
D.
protests
24.
A.
at
play
B.
in
private
C.
on
schedule
D.
by
accident
25.
A.
adequate
B.
effective
C.
continual
D.
mutual
26.
A.
creative
B.
complex
C.
specific
D.
official
27.
A.
generosity
B.
wisdom
C.
independence
D.
governance
28.
A.
promising
B.
demonstrating
C.
pretending
D.
explaining
29.
A.
count
on
B.
go
after
C.
appeal
to
D.
benefit
from
30.
A.
assumes
B.
confirms
C.
enhances
D.
concludes
31.
A.
regular
B.
dominant
C.
potential
D.
previous
32.
A.
atmosphere
B.
audience
C.
feedback
D.
judge
33.
A.
statistics
B.
expectation
C.
argument
D.
opposite
34.
A.
responsibility
B.
punishment
C.
arrangement
D.
difficulty
35.
A.
strongly
B.
causally
C.
delicately
D.
fearlessly
九
2019黄浦区
Directions:For
each
blank
in
the
following
passages
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C,
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
Keeping
The
Taps
Running
in
Thirsty
Cities
Water
covers
71%
of
Earth’s
surface
yet
only
2%
of
it
is
accessible
as
a
source
of
fresh
water.
___41___
on
this
limited
resources
is
rising,
a
trend
likely
to
continue.
It
is
important
to
recognize
that
it
is
not
just
city
residents
who
___42___
water.
Agriculture,
industry
and
tourism
often
require
more
water
than
the
municipal
water
supply.
Globally,
70%
of
fresh
water
is
___43___
for
agriculture,
but
locally
in
heavily
irrigated(灌溉)areas
this
can
increate
to
90%.
A
healthy
environment
also
requires
fresh
water,
and
the
quality
of
available
water
is
as
important
as
its
___44___.
Water
stress
is
not
always
caused
by
physical
shortages
in
dry
areas.
___45___
for
water
resources
between
different
users
within
river
catchments
or
basins
can
also
be
a
cause.
Every
thirsty
city
operates
within
its
own
context,
___46___
to
the
challenge
of
providing
adequate
water
supplies.
Cape
Town,
___47___,
has
faced
three
years
of
drought
during
which
winter
rains
failed
to
materialize.
At
the
end
of
the
2017
rainy
season
the
city
faced
the
___48___
of
its
dams
running
dry
during
2018.
The
dams
were
only
37%
full—in
the
same
week
four
years
before
they
were
full
to
the
top.
In
January
2018,
it
was
___49___
that
Cape
Town
would
reach
Day
Zero,
when
it
would
be
forced
to
turn
off
the
taps,
in
April.
This
was
despite
the
city
reducing
its
water
use
by
more
than
half,
from
1.2
billion
litres
a
day
in
2015
to
fewer
than
600
million
litres,
and
working
___50___
with
industry
and
agriculture
to
reduce
demand.
On
February
1,
the
authorities
put
in
place
a
strict
limit
of
50
litres
of
water
per
person
per
day.
___51___,
in
Britain
this
is
considered
enough
for
a
five-minute
shower
of
half
a
washing
machine
cycle
on
full
load.
In
addition,
a
ban
was
placed
on
using
___52___
water
for
gardens,
water
management
devices
were
installed
at
household
with
a
high
water
use
and
the
water
pressure
was
reduced
to
cut
demand
and
leaks.
At
the
same,
the
city
launched
a
media
___53___
to
change
habits
and
introduced
higher
duties.
This
is
not
without
its
costs;
agriculture
and
tourism,
both
significant
areas
of
employment,
have
___54___.
It
is
a
classic
example
of
the
problem
of
water
economics-the
cost
of
water
is
low
but
the
cost
of
a
lack
of
water
is
very
high.
Crises
such
as
the
Cape
Town
drought
are
in
danger
of
becoming
the
new
norm.
The
___55___
of
Day
Zero
must
serve
as
a
wake-up
call
for
cities
across
the
world
to
develop
cost-effective
water
management
strategies
to
cope
with
an
uncertain
future.
41.
A.
Impact
B.
Pressure
C.
Impression
D.
Observation
42.
A.
recycle
B.
waste
C.
consume
D.
apply
43.
A.
restored
B.
abstracted
C.
separated
D.
preserved
44.
A.
change
B.
source
C.
origin
D.
volume
45.
A.
Competition
B.
Protection
C.
Construction
D.
Regulation
46.
A.
contributing
B.
regarding
C.
responding
D.
referring
47.
A.
in
addition
B.
for
example
C.
on
the
contrary
D.
as
a
result
48.
A.
prospect
B.
illustration
C.
symptom
D.
security
49.
A.
reported
B.
presented
C.
predicted
D.
explained
50.
A.
respectively
B.
increasingly
C.
restrictively
D.
extensively
51.
A.
By
comparison
B.
In
other
words
C.
To
our
surprise
D.
What’s
more
52.
A.
feasible
B.
drinkable
C.
inevitable
D.
influential
53.
A.
campaign
B.
statement
C.
presentation
D.
advertisement
54.
A.
invaded
B.
liberated
C.
suffered
D.
proceeded
55.
A.
change
B.
theory
C.
record
D.
threat
十
2019虹口区
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
This
article
is
for
all
of
the
teenagers
out
there.
Even
though
___41___
you
are
years
from
being
fully
grown,
society
regularly
expects
you
to
adult.
Yes,
you
are
___42___
in
many
ways:
many
of
you
drive
and
do
so
quite
safely,
and
you
handle
schedules
that
would
___43___
many
adults.
But
you
probably
cannot
process
caffeine
(咖啡因)
as
constantly
as
your
parents
can
because
of
your
still-growing
bodies
and
brains.
I
understand
it
feels
grown-up
to
be
drinking
a
cup
of
Starbucks.
But
all
of
this
caffeine
may
worsen
your
anxiety,
affect
tonight’s
sleep
and
tomorrow’s
school
performance,
___44___
nutrient
absorption
and
even
cause
real
trouble
when
mixed
with
alcohol.
The
following
four
aspects
may
well
___45___
the
theme
of
this
article.
The
power
of
caffeine
Caffeine
is
widely
considered
a
drug
that
is
socially
acceptable,
universally
used,
even
cool,
but
it
still
causes
___46___
symptoms
such
as
headaches,
fatigue
and
a
lack
of
attention
when
removed
from
coffee-addicts’
diets.
How
much
is
healthy?
Caffeine
is
by
no
means
a
nutrient;
you
do
not
need
it
to
be
healthy.
___47___,
it
is
a
substance
that
can
leave
you
lacking
nutrients
because
it
has
been
shown
to
reduce
calcium
(钙).
Caffeine
probably
causes
the
body
to
release
water.
And
the
more
caffeinated
drinks
you
consume,
the
less
likely
you
are
to
drink
water.
So
experts
say
that
adolescents
should
consume
___48___
amounts
of
caffeine
a
day
(≤100
mg).
Caffeine’s
___49___
According
to
the
Centers
for
Disease
Control
and
Prevention,
about
65
percent
of
middle
and
higher
schoolers
are
___50___
to
insufficient
sleep
on
school
nights.
Some
of
their
sleep
problems
can
be
mainly
attributed
to
(归因于)
caffeine,
which
can
remain
in
the
body
for
seven
hours
after
___51___,
thus
causing
teens’
worse
performance
the
next
day.
It
is
widely
assumed
that
adequate
sleep
___52___
proper
growth
and
brain
development.
During
childhood
and
adolescence,
the
brain
goes
through
a
period
called
synaptic
pruning
(突触修剪)
when
unnecessary
connections
are
promoted.
Caffeine
labelling
Caffeine
is
not
listed
on
the
Nutrition
Facts
column
on
food
labels
because
it
is
not
a
___53___.
It
may
be
listed
as
an
ingredient,
but
the
amount
is
not
required.
Caffeine
is
now
added
to
foods
such
as
gum,
candy
and
water,
along
with
makeup
and
beauty
products
that
___54___
to
reduce
swelling
(肿块).
Taste
preferences
and
eating
habits
are
often
cultivated
in
childhood
and
adolescence,
so
teens,
when
you
consume
sweet,
caffeinated
drinks
every
time
you
feel
sluggish
(无精打采的),
you
are
creating
a
pattern
that
may
be
hard
to
break
as
an
adult.
It
is
advisable
to
come
up
with
other
___55___
ways
to
boost
energy
so
that
you
can
master
adulting
better
than
many
adults.
41.
A.
potentially
B.
necessarily
C.
developmentally
D.
materially
42.
A.
mature
B.
experienced
C.
productive
D.
disciplined
43.
A.
delight
B.
frustrate
C.
liberate
D.
exclude
44.
A.
promote
B.
assist
C.
intensify
D.
discourage
45.
A.
call
for
B.
account
for
C.
turn
to
D.
appeal
to
46.
A.
withdrawal
B.
addiction
C.
nutrition
D.
infection
47.
A.
Therefore
B.
Instead
C.
Moreover
D.
Otherwise
48.
A.
initial
B.
sufficient
C.
moderate
D.
stable
49.
A.
reputations
B.
confirmations
C.
implications
D.
disadvantages
50.
A.
subjected
B.
alerted
C.
reduced
D.
opposed
51.
A.
stimulation
B.
concentration
C.
excitement
D.
consumption
52.
A.
results
from
B.
contributes
to
C.
benefits
from
D.
attends
to
53.
A.
therapy
B.
material
C.
nutrient
D.
substitute
54.
A.
fail
B.
appear
C.
promise
D.
happen
55.
A.
instructive
B.
comprehensive
C.
extensive
D.
alternative
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