(共25张PPT)
UNIT
5 WORKING
THE
LAND
Section
Ⅳ 写作指导
夯基提能作业
写作方法指导
写作方法指导
辩论报告
写作指导
辩论报告属于应用文文体之一，同时又具有议论文的特点，是对某个话题的辩论。
该类文章一般分为三部分：
第一部分：开门见山，说明自己的看法或观点；
第二部分：列举支持方的观点及其理由；或列举反对方的观点及其理由；
第三部分：得出结论或给出自己的观点。
[文体特征]
1．文章短小精悍，语言精练，准确易懂；
2．时态常用一般现在时。
[常用表达]
1．We
had
a
discussion
about
whether
students
should
be
allowed
to...
2．I’m
writing
to
tell
you
about
a
discussion
we
have
had
about
whether
students
should
be
allowed
to...
3．Opinions
are
divided
on
this
issue./Opinions
are
mainly
divided
into
two
groups.
4．Different
people,
however,
have
different
opinions
on
this
matter.
5．People
who
are
against
the
idea
think
that...
6．Sixty
percent
of
the
students
think
it
necessary
to...,
but
forty
percent
of
the
students
don’t
think
so.
[写作模板]
I
prefer
to
__________(观点)
not
because
__________but
because
__________.
__________(理由1),
which
is
very
good
for
__________.What’s
more,
__________(理由2),
as
is
often
the
case
__________.Though
perhaps
we
__________，we
__________(理由3)
because
we
__________.We
can
__________.
As
a
whole,
I
think
_________much
better
_________than
_________.
精品展示
一中学班级就生活在城市或乡村的问题进行了辩论。下面是部分辩论记录要点，请确定你的观点，参照该记录要点并发挥想象，写一篇题为I
Prefer
to
Live
in
the
City/the
Coun-
tryside的短文。词数80左右。
Where
do
you
prefer
to
live,
in
the
big
city
or
in
the
quiet
countryside？
the
city
?
the
country
The
city：
so
many
things
to
do;
make
more
money
The
country：
too
quiet；boring；no
jobs
?
The
city：
very
noisy;
crowded
The
country：
quiet;
enjoy
so
much
in
nature；grow
food
on
a
farm
[审题谋篇]
第一步 明确要求
该写作属于辩论作文，故要用第____人称来写；文章的主题内容是喜欢住在城市还是乡村，选择其中的一种去写作。时态用__________。
第二步 确定段落
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：
Para.1 开门见山，阐明观点；
Para.2 列举理由；
Para.3 再次表明观点。
三
一般现在时
第三步 核心词汇
1．_________________对……有益
2．_____________远离……
3．_______________挣钱
4．________________________过着幸福的生活
be
good
for
far
from
make
money
lead
a
happy
life
第四步 句式升级
1．我喜欢住在农村，不是因为我出生在农村，而是因为我喜欢农村生活。
(一般表达)Although
I
was
not
born
in
the
countryside,
I
prefer
to
live
in
the
countryside
because
I
like
the
country
life.
(高级表达)I
prefer
to
live
in
the
countryside
_______
because
I
was
born
in
the
countryside
_______
because
I
like
the
country
life.
not
but
2．乡下远离喧嚣，也不像城市里那样拥挤。
(一般表达)The
countryside
is
far
from
the
noise
and
not
as
crowded
as
in
the
city.
(高级表达)The
countryside
is
far
from
the
noise
and
not
crowded,
____________________________
in
the
city.
as
is
often
the
case
[参考范文]
I
Prefer
to
Live
in
the
Countryside
I
prefer
to
live
in
the
countryside
not
because
I
was
born
in
the
countryside
but
because
I
like
the
country
life.
In
the
country
the
air
is
fresher
and
there
is
less
pollution,
which
is
very
good
for
health.What’s
more,
the
countryside
is
far
from
the
noise
and
not
crowded,
as
is
often
the
case
in
the
city.
Though
perhaps
we
make
less
money
in
the
countryside,
we
still
lead
a
happy
life
because
we
don’t
need
so
much
money.
We
can
grow
our
own
food
and
enjoy
“the
really
green
food”．
As
a
whole,
I
think
the
country
life
is
much
better
for
people’s
health
than
the
city
life.
[亮点点评]
该范文结构完整，作者首先开门见山，提出主题；然后列举理由；最后再次表明观点。要点齐全，语言规范地道。使用了what’s
more，as
a
whole等过渡衔接语，句式上，作者巧妙地使用了定语从句，以及not...but...等高级句式，亮点频出，表达形式多样。总之，该范文是一篇朗朗上口的优秀范文，值得学习。
正方观点(企业的责任)
反方观点(家长的责任)
1.为了赚钱，建了太多的西式快餐店
1.家长借口工作忙，不做饭，常带孩子吃快餐，养成了不良饮食习惯
2.餐饮业出售不健康食品
2.许多家长不能分辨饮食优劣
3.制作大量广告，吸引儿童去吃美味但不利于健康的食品
3.不重视孩子的体育锻炼
正方呼吁：制定法律，禁止出售不健康食品
反方呼吁：家长要引导孩子学会选择
Who
is
to
blame
for
the
obese
children
—the
enterprises
or
the
parents?
The
number
of
obese
children
in
our
country
is
increasing
by
8
percent
each
year.
People
are
very
concerned
about
it.In
my
opinion，__________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
参考范文：
(反方)
Who
is
to
blame
for
the
obese
children
—the
enterprises
or
the
parents?
The
number
of
obese
children
in
our
country
is
increasing
by
8
percent
each
year.
People
are
very
concerned
about
it.In
my
opinion，parents
are
to
blame.
First,
the
parents
often
take
their
children
to
find
fast-food
restaurants
with
the
excuse
that
they
are
too
busy
to
prepare
meals
for
their
children
at
home,
so
gradually
their
children
have
formed
a
bad
eating
habit.Another
reason,
I
think,
is
that
the
parents
can’t
tell
junk
foods
from
nutritious
foods
so
that
they
can’t
help
their
children
to
make
a
right
choice.Besides,
most
of
the
time
the
parents
ignore
how
important
it
is
for
their
children
to
take
regular
exercise.
That’s
why
their
children
put
on
weight
so
easily.
I
suggest
that
parents
should
pay
attention
to
their
children’s
health
and
help
them
to
make
a
wise
choice
of
what
to
eat
and
what
to
do.
(正方)Who
is
to
blame
for
the
obese
children
—the
enterprises
or
the
parents?
The
number
of
obese
children
in
our
country
is
increasing
by
8
percent
each
year.
People
are
very
concerned
about
it.In
my
opinion，enterprises
are
to
blame.
First,
for
the
purpose
of
making
money,
they
have
built
so
many
western
style
fast-food
restaurants.The
fast
food
is
known
for
containing
too
much
fat.
Secondly,
some
food
industries
sell
junk
foods
and
there
are
no
laws
to
stop
them
from
doing
so.And
besides,
so
many
advertisements
attract
children
to
the
foods
that
are
delicious
but
actually
unhealthy.All
these
factors
are
the
causes
of
the
large
number
of
obese
children
in
China.
I
suggest
that
strict
laws
should
be
made
to
forbid
selling
unhealthy
foods.
It’s
only
when
laws
are
made
that
the
situation
will
be
improved.
Children
are
our
future
and
we
should
do
something
to
make
sure
that
they
grow
healthy
and
strong.(共70张PPT)
UNIT
5 WORKING
THE
LAND
Section
Ⅲ Using
Language
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．_______________adj.营养(物)的
→______________adj.有营养的；营养丰富的
→_____________
n．营养；滋养
2．___________
n．贫穷；贫困
3．___________
adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的
4．_____________
n．杀虫剂；除害药物
5．______________
adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
nutritional
nutritious
nutrition
poverty
organic
pesticide
widespread
6．__________
vt.&
vi.消化 vt.领会；领悟
→_____________
n．消化；领悟
7．_____________
adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
8．___________
n．矿物；矿物质
9．_______________
n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的
10．___________
n．食品杂货店
→_____________[pl.]食品杂货
digest
digestion
essential
mineral
alternative
grocery
groceries
11．____________
n．例子；实例；事例
12．_________
n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
→________
adj.深的
13．________
n．根；根茎；根部；根源
14．____________
adv.全部地；完整地；完全地
→__________
adj.全部的；整个的；完全的
15．__________
n．方面；层面
instance
depth
deep
root
entirely
entire
aspect
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．______
use在使用
2．______
turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
3．______
for关于；至于
4．switch
______转到；转换到
5．turn
______求助于；求教于；改用
6．focus
______集中(注意力、精力等)于
in
in
as
to
to
on
7．keeps...free
____________使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物)
8．_______
instance例如；比如
9．________
that
need满足那样的需求
from/of
for
meet
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．For
example,
pesticides
can
damage
the
land
by
killing
___________
harmful
bacteria
and
insects,
_____________
helpful
ones.
例如，农药不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还可以杀死有益的昆虫，从而破坏土地。
2．This
__________________________________________
in
minerals.
这使得他们地里的土壤富含矿物质。
not
only
but
also
makes
the
soil
in
their
fields
richer
3．Why
different
crops
are
grown
is
because
they
put
important
minerals
back
into
the
ground,
__________it
again
for
the
next
batch
of
crops.
为什么要种植不同的作物，是因为他们把重要的矿物质放回地里，让它为下一批作物做好准备。
4．________
keeps
them
________
doing
so
is
the
fact
________
chemical
farming
serves
the
high
demand
for
food
around
the
world.
阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。
making
What
from
that
Ⅳ.语篇解读
(Ⅰ)Judge
whether
the
following
statements
are
true(T)
or
false(F)．
1．Organic
farmers
prefer
using
natural
waste
from
animals
and
chemical
fertilisers.
( )
2．Using
natural
waste
makes
the
soil
richer
in
minerals
and
so
more
fertile.
( )
F
T
3．Using
organic
farming
methods
is
to
grow
good
food
while
avoiding
damage
to
the
environment
or
to
people’s
health.
( )
4．Using
chemical
fertilisers
has
become
very
common
in
farming
since
the
middle
of
last
century.
( )
5．Chemical
fertilisers
only
kill
harmful
bacteria
and
pests.
( )
T
T
F
(Ⅱ)Choose
the
best
answer.
1．From
the
passage,
we
can
see
organic
farmers
are
those
who
_____.
A．grow
crops
with
chemical
fertilisers
B．grow
crops
with
natural
fertilisers
C．produce
organic
fertilisers
D．care
for
the
environment
B
2．From
the
passage,
we
know
that
_____.
A．the
chemicals
in
the
soil
will
soon
disappear
B．pesticides
are
of
great
benefit
to
helpful
bacteria
C．crops
grown
with
chemical
fertilisers
can
provide
more
essential
minerals
D．crops
grown
with
chemical
fertilisers
usually
grow
too
fast
D
3．Farmers
_____
so
that
the
soil
may
not
get
exhausted.
A．grow
the
same
crops
year
after
year
B．use
natural
fertilisers
C．change
crops
every
few
years
D．use
chemical
fertilisers
C
4．What
is
the
author’s
purpose
of
writing
the
passage？_____
A．To
call
on
farmers
to
turn
to
organic
farming.
B．To
introduce
some
good
ways
to
make
the
soil
rich.
C．To
urge
the
government
to
stop
using
pesticides.
D．To
give
some
advice
on
how
to
increase
the
output
of
crops.
A
课内要点探究
重
点
单
词
1．widespread
adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的
完成句子
①Warm
winter
may
cause
a
_______________________(流行病)．
②__________________________________(影响是广泛的).More
than
90%
of
Microsoft’s
2,280
employees
in
Japan
later
said
they
were
impacted
by
the
new
measures,
according
to
the
company.
③新提议获得了广泛的支持。
_____________________________________
for
the
new
proposals.
widespread
disease
The
effects
were
widespread
There
is
a
widespread
support
2．essential
adj.完全必要的；极其重要的
单句语法填空
①Sun
and
water
are
essential
______
the
growth
of
crops.
②It
is
essential
for
us
___________(set)
our
goal
realistically.
③It
is
essential
that
you
____________________(learn)
Chinese
history.
to
to
set
(should)
learn
完成句子
④你有必要早点回家。
___________________________
you
should
come
home
early.
⑤丰富多样的文化生活对这对夫妇而言是至关重要的。
A
rich
and
varied
cultural
life
______________________
this
couple.
It
is
essential
that
is
essential
for
3．alternative
n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的；非传统的
choice
泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择，指“选择，挑选，抉择”。
selection
指从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选拔的意思。
The
store
offers
a
wide
choice
of
fruit
and
vegetables.
商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。
Parents
should
be
careful
in
their
selection
of
the
movies
their
young
children
see.
家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。
单句语法填空
①The
police
had
no
alternative
but
_________(set)
the
man
free
without
enough
evidence.
完成句子
②The
criminal
_____________________________(除……别无选择)
to
tell
the
truth
of
his
crime.
句型转换
③I
had
no
choice
but
to
report
him
to
the
police.
→I
_________________________________
report
him
to
the
police.
to
set
had
no
alternative
but
had
no
alternative
but
to
4．depth
n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)
单句语法填空
①If
you
come
to
visit
China,
you
will
experience
a
culture
of
amazing
_________(deep)
and
variety.
②To
avoid
knee
pain,
you
can
run
on
soft
surfaces,
do
exercises
to
______________(strength)
your
leg
muscles(肌肉),
avoid
hills
and
get
good
running
shoes.
③(2019·北京四中期末)Ranging
from
84
cm
to
more
than
150
cm
in
__________(long),
longboards
look
like
other
skateboards.
depth
strengthen
length
④The
reunion
dinner
helps
__________(deep)
family
ties
while
the
exchange
of
gifts
and
greetings
enhances
relations
between
friends.
完成句子
⑤这个话题将在下学期深入讨论。
This
subject
will
be
covered
_____________
next
term.
⑥2012年6月27日，“蛟龙”号潜入到太平洋7
062米的深度。
On
June
27,2012,
the
Jiaolong
reached
________________
7,062
meters
in
the
Pacific
Ocean.
deepen
in
depth
a
depth
of
重
点
短
语
1．in
turn相应地；转而；依次；轮流
单句语法填空
①The
children
called
out
their
names
______
turn.
②It’s
my
turn
_____________(clean)
the
classroom.
③Theory
is
based
on
practice
and
______
turn
serves
practice.
④This
book
is,
______
turns,
funny
and
sad.
in
to
clean
in
by
完成句子
⑤阅读故事可以明显增加人与人之间的互动，转而降低压力水平。
Reading
stories
can
lead
to
a
noticeable
increase
in
human
interaction,
which
____________
can
lower
stress
levels.
⑥我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育。作为回报，我们期待学生能努力学习。
We
offer
an
excellent
education
to
our
students.______________，we
expect
students
to
work
hard.
⑦他请我们吃了一顿大餐，以报答我们的帮助。
He
treated
us
to
a
big
meal
___________________
our
assistance.
in
turn
In
return
in
return
for
2．focus
on关注，聚焦于
单句语法填空
①When
the
kitchen
is
finished,
I’m
going
to
focus
my
attention
______
the
back
yard
and
get
that
straightened
out.
②With
all
his
attention
focused
______
his
study,
no
wonder
he
has
made
great
achievement.
③He
lay
in
bed
with
his
eyes
___________(focus)
on
the
ceiling.
④The
noise
made
it
hard
for
me
_____________(focus)
on
the
work.
⑤There
is
too
much
noise.I
can’t
concentrate
my
attention
______
the
work.
on
on
focused
to
focus
on
3．for
instance(＝for
example)例如；比如
(2)that
is或namely意为“即，也就是”，用于把同类的人或事物全部列举出来。放在被列举的人或事物之前。
I
have
three
friends,
namely,
Tom,
Jack
and
Mike.
我有三个朋友，即汤姆、杰克和迈克。
(3)for
example意为“例如，比如”，用于列举同类的人或事物中的一个或几个，作插入语，且常用逗号将它与句子其他部分隔开，可位于句首、句中和句末。
Most
boys
in
the
class
like
physics.Tom,
for
example,
shows
a
special
interest
in
it.
班上的大部分男孩儿都喜欢物理。比如汤姆就对物理特别感兴趣。
单句语法填空
①We
made
many
improvements
to
our
house，_______
instance,
we
painted
the
walls.
完成句子
②Let
your
child
make
some
of
the
small
decisions
concerning
his
daily
routine._________________(例如),
allow
him
to
choose
what
clothes
he
wears
at
the
weekend.
for
For
instance
4．nowhere
near远不及；离……很远
完成句子
①It
was
________________(远不如)
as
painful
as
David
had
expected.
②I’ve
_________________________(肯定不够)
for
the
fare.
③This
animal
is
found
in
Australia,
and
_________________(另外没有)．
nowhere
near
nowhere
near
enough
nowhere
else
重
点
句
型
1．For
example,
pesticides
can
damage
the
land
by
killing
not
only
harmful
bacteria
and
insects,
but
also
helpful
ones.
例如，农药不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还可以杀死有益的昆虫，从而破坏土地。
It
was
not
until
I
came
here
that
I
realized
this
place
was
famous,
for
not
only
its
beauty
but
(also)
its
weather.
直到我来到这里才意识到这个地方很有名，不仅是因为它的美丽还有它的天气。
Not
only
did
we
forget
to
turn
off
the
lights
in
the
kitchen,
but
we
(also)
failed
to
lock
the
front
door.
我们不仅忘记关厨房的灯，而且也忘了锁前门。
Not
only
the
children
but
(also)
their
coach
likes
playing
football.
不仅是孩子们，他们的教练也喜欢踢足球。
单句语法填空
①She
not
only
_______(write)
the
text
but
also
selected
the
illustrations.
②Not
only
my
friend
but
also
I
_________(be)
present
at
the
conference.
句型转换
③They
not
only
told
us
what
had
happened
in
the
accident,
but
also
told
us
what
they
had
done.
→Not
only
__________________
us
what
had
happened
in
the
accident,
but
also
told
us
what
they
had
done.
wrote
am/was
did
they
tell
2．This
makes
the
soil
in
their
fields
richer
in
minerals.
这使得他们地里的土壤富含矿物质。
The
boss
made
them
work
day
and
night.
老板迫使他们日夜工作。
The
experience
will
make
him
a
man.
这次经历会使他成为一个男子汉。
He
turned
me
down,
which
made
me
at
a
loss.
他拒绝了我，这让我不知所措。
单句语法填空
①Can
you
make
yourself
______________(understand)
in
Russian?
②Nothing
will
make
me
__________(change)
my
mind.
③Tom
asked
the
candy-makers
if
they
could
make
the
chocolate
easier
_____________(break)
into
small
pieces.
understood
change
to
break
3．Why
different
crops
are
grown
is
because
they
put
important
minerals
back
into
the
ground,
making
it
ready
for
the
next
batch
of
crops.
为什么要种植不同的作物，是因为他们把重要的矿物质放回地里，让它为下一批作物做好准备。
完成句子
①He
hurried
to
the
booking
office
______________________________
___________________(结果被告知所有的票都卖完了)．
②He
fell
off
the
bike,
________________________________________
(头撞到了一块大石头上)．
③More
highways
have
been
built
in
China,
_______________________
(使更容易)
for
people
to
travel
from
one
place
to
another.
only
to
be
told
that
all
the
tickets
have
been
sold
out
hitting
his
head
against
a
big
stone
making
it
much
easier
4．What
keeps
them
from
doing
so
is
the
fact
that
chemical
farming
serves
the
high
demand
for
food
around
the
world.
阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。
The
fact
that
the
human
being’s
behaviour
causes
environmental
pollution
is
known
to
us
all.
人类的行为导致了环境污染是众所周知的事实。
(2)如果同位语从句意义不完整，引导词的选择取决于其所表达的含义：
①表示“是否”的含义时，同位语从句要用whether引导(if一般不引导同位语从句)；whether在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。
②表示“谁”“哪个”“什么”的含义时，同位语从句要分别用who，which，what引导。
③表示“什么时候”“哪里”“为什么”“如何”的含义时，同位语从句要分别用when，where，why，how引导。
I
have
no
idea
whether
he
will
come.
我不知道他是否会来。
The
committee
hasn’t
solved
the
problem
who
should
be
in
charge
of
the
key
project.
委员会还没有解决谁应该负责那项重点项目的问题。
I
have
no
idea
what
she
is
doing
in
the
next
room
now.
我不知道她现在正在隔壁房间里做什么。
There
arose
the
question
where
we
could
get
the
loan.
这样就产生了一个问题：我们到哪里贷款。
My
original
question,
why
she
did
that,
has
not
been
answered.
她为什么做那件事，我的这个最初的问题还没有得到回答。
The
news
that
our
team
won
the
debate
is
true.
我们队赢得那场辩论的消息是真的。
(that引导的是同位语从句，从句解释说明The
news的内容，that在从句中不作成分，但一般不可省略)
The
news
that
he
told
me
yesterday
is
true.
他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。
(that引导的是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，可以省略，也可用which替换)
判断下列句子中的画线部分是同位语从句还是定语从句
①The
suggestion
that
the
meeting
be
delayed
was
put
forward.
______________
②The
suggestion
that
he
put
forward
at
the
meeting
yesterday
was
turned
down.____________
单句语法填空
③The
possibility
________
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe
has
always
inspired
scientists
to
explore
the
outer
space.
同位语从句
定语从句
that
④There
is
potentially
good
news
for
coffee-lovers
________
drinking
two
to
three
cups
of
coffee
a
day
may
help
people
live
longer.
⑤The
question
___________
English
will
keep
on
changing
in
the
future
is
easy
to
answer
since
it
is
certain
that
this
process
will
continue.
⑥—Is
it
true
that
Mike
refused
an
offer
from
Yale
University
yesterday?
—Yeah,
but
I
have
no
idea
_______
he
did
it;
that’s
one
of
his
favorite
universities.
⑦I
had
no
idea
_______
he
went
home,
perhaps
by
bike.
⑧We
should
consider
the
students’
request
________
the
school
library
_______________________
(provide)
more
books
on
science.
that
whether
why
how
that
(should)
provide(共24张PPT)
UNIT
5 WORKING
THE
LAND
Section
Ⅱ Learning
About
Language
语法专题练习
单元语法精析
夯基提能作业
单元语法精析
主语从句
语法精讲
主语从句是名词性从句的一种，在复合句中作主语，相当于名词。主语从句的位置可以在句首，也可以用it作形式主语，主语从句放在后面。
一、主语从句的引导词
引导词
用法
从属连词
that，whether，if
在从句中不作成分，that没有实际意义，whether和if意为“是否”
连接代词
who(ever)，whom(ever)，whose，what(ever)，which(ever)等
在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等
连接副词
when，where，why，how等
在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因、方式等
1.连词that和whether在从句中不作任何句子成分，只起连接从句的作用。
It
is
often
the
case
that
anything
is
possible
for
those
who
hang
on
to
hope.
通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。
Whether
she
will
come
or
not
is
still
a
question.
她来不来仍是个问题。
How
this
happened
is
not
clear
to
anyone.
这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
Whoever
comes
is
welcome.
不论谁来都欢迎。
Wherever
you
are
is
my
home—my
only
home.
你所在的任何地方都是我的家——我唯一的家。
用适当的连接词填空
①________
will
happen
to
the
world
is
difficult
to
predict.
②___________
we
will
go
camping
tomorrow
depends
on
the
weather.
③_______
will
take
the
place
of
our
original
headmaster
hasn’t
been
decided
yet.
④_______
he
gave
up
the
chance
of
studying
abroad
is
unknown.
⑤_________
we
will
have
the
picnic
next
week
is
being
discussed.
What
Whether
Who
Why
Where
二、常用形式主语it的结构
若主语从句较长，而主句谓语部分又相对较短时，常用it作形式主语，同时将主语从句后置。
1．It
is
a
fact
(a
good
idea/a
pity/a
shame/no
wonder...)＋that从句。
It
is
a
pity
that
you
missed
the
film.
你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。
2．It
is
necessary
(clear/true/strange/important/wonderful...)＋that从句。从句多用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should)＋动词原形”。
It
is
necessary
that
you
(should)
master
English.
你有必要掌握英语。
3．It
is
reported(well-known/hoped/thought/expected/said/believed/
decided/suggested/
ordered...)＋that从句。
It
is
said
that
he
was
killed
in
the
earthquake.
据说他在地震中丧生了。
4．It
seems
(happens/appears/doesn’t
matter/makes
no
difference...)＋that从句。
It
seems
that
they
will
win
the
game.
看起来他们将会赢得这场比赛。
句型转换
①That
he
should
know
about
it
is
important.
→___________________________
he
should
know
about
it.
②That
he
has
gone
to
Shanghai
is
said.
→______________________
he
has
gone
to
Shanghai.
It
is
important
that
It
is
said
that
三、whatever和whoever
whatever和whoever可以引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。此外，它们还可以引导让步状语从句。
Keep
calm,
whatever
happens.
不管发生什么事都要保持镇静。
Your
support
is
important
to
our
work.Whatever
you
can
do
helps.
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事都会有所帮助。
判断下列从句的类型
①Whoever
breaks
the
law
should
be
punished.____________
②Whoever
breaks
the
law,
he
should
be
punished.________________
③Whatever
may
happen,
you
must
keep
calm.________________
主语从句
让步状语从句
让步状语从句
四、主语从句中的虚拟语气
在主语从句中如果主语太长，宾语或表语又太短，为了避免头重脚轻，保持句子平衡，通常会采用it作形式主语，真正的主语从句放在后面。
常见的使用it作形式主语的结构：
1．在“It＋be＋形容词＋that从句”句型中，如果形容词为necessary，important，strange，natural等时，从句谓语动词常用“(should)＋动词原形”。
It
is
necessary
and
important
that
one
(should)
master
the
skill
of
operating
computers
so
as
to
meet
the
need
of
a
job.
为了满足工作上的需要，掌握电脑操作技巧是很有必要并且是很重要的。
2．在“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”句型中，如果过去分词为suggested，advised，ordered，requested，required等时，that从句谓语动词使用“(should)＋动词原形”。
It
is
suggested
that
the
sports
meeting
(should)
be
put
off.
有人建议推迟举行运动会。
单句语法填空
①It
is
suggested
that
the
work
______________________
(do)
in
a
day.
②It
is
strange
that
he
__________________
(treat)
the
man
in
a
friendly
way.
(should)
be
done
(should)
treat
五、主语从句的语序时态问题
主语从句和其他名词性从句一样必须使用陈述语序，尤其是当主语从句是疑问词引导的时候，主语从句的语序仍须使用陈述语序。
Who/Whom
he
will
go
to
Beijing
with
remains
unknown.
他将和谁一起去北京还不知道。
1．主语从句的时态根据具体语境来确定，尤其是当when引导主语从句的时候，有些同学会和when时间状语从句混淆而误用现在时表将来。
When
he
will
come
back
is
still
unclear.
他什么时候回来还不清楚。
单句语法填空
①________
is
impressive
is
that
my
colleagues
messaged
us,
worrying
why
Kun
and
I
didn’t
come
back
with
the
clock
pointing
to
1
am,
2
am
or
even
3
am.
②________
worries
many
people
is
that
these
chemicals
may
even
cause
cancer.
③___________
comes
first
will
get
the
first
prize.
What
What
Whoever
2．主语从句作主语相当于名词，和非谓语动词的动词-ing形式或者不定式作主语一样看作单数，句子谓语应该使用单数形式。
That
you
don’t
like
him
is
none
of
my
business.
你不喜欢他不关我的事。
What
the
doctors
really
doubt
is
whether
my
mother
will
recover
from
the
serious
disease
soon.
医生怀疑的是我的妈妈是否不久就能从这场重病中恢复过来。
remains
is
seems
was(共128张PPT)
UNIT
5 WORKING
THE
LAND
单元核心素养
单元话题导读
语篇解读：为了使首都更绿，巴黎市在2016年推出了“巴黎种植”项目，该项目计划在2020年之前用植被覆盖屋顶和墙壁。三分之一的空间将用于城市农业。
The
World’s
Largest
Rooftop
Urban
Farm
Urban
farming
is
just
one
of
the
new
agricultural
models
that
will
help
feed
a
hungry
and
growing
world.Using
rooftops,
indoor
spaces,
and
community
gardens,
urban
farming
has
become
a
global
movement
to
produce
sustainable
(可持续的)
food
for
people
in
need.
Paris
is
just
one
large
city
that
has
rooftop
farms.In
an
effort
to
make
the
city
greener,
in
2016
the
city
launched
Parisculteurs，a
project
which
plans
to
cover
the
rooftops
and
walls
with
vegetation
by
2020.One-third
of
the
space
is
to
be
used
for
urban
farming.
Now，the
world’s
largest
urban
farm—150,000
square
feet—is
under
construction
in
the
south-west
of
the
city
on
the
roof
of
the
Paris
Expo
Porte
de
Versailles,
a
huge
entertainment
complex
(建筑群)
that
is
being
renovated
(翻新)．
The
plan
is
to
grow
more
than
30
different
species
of
organic
fruits
and
vegetables
according
to
The
Guardian.The
garden
is
expected
to
harvest
nearly
1,000
KG
of
produce
every
day
in
season.With
the
use
of
hydroponics
(水培)
and
soil-free
growing，the
farm
is
expected
to
have
a
very
small
carbon
footprint.
The
farm
will
have
its
own
on-site
restaurant
and
bar
with
a
capacity
of
around
300
people.Run
by
Paris’
famous
chain
of
rooftop
venues,
Le
Perchoir,
will
feature
the
produce
grown
on
the
farm.
The
farm
will
also
offer
educational
tours,
team
building
workshops,
and
will
host
special
events.According
to
The
Guardian,
residents
will
be
able
to
lease
(租用)
their
own
small
wooden
crate
vegetable
plots
to
grow
their
own
food.
Paris
is
not
the
only
city
to
have
large
scale
urban
farms.In
New
York
City,
Brooklyn
Grange
is
one
of
the
world’s
largest
urban
farms.The
farm
opened
in
2010
and
consists
of
65,000
square
feet
of
the
rooftop
of
a
large
warehouse.Although
it
produces
thousands
of
pounds
of
produce
a
year,
this
is
a
very
small
amount
compared
to
what
is
being
built
in
Paris.
词海拾贝
①launch
vt.发起
②construction
n．建设
③entertainment
n．娱乐
④harvest
vt.收获
⑤capacity
n．容量
⑥compare
vt.比较
Section
Ⅰ Reading
and
Thinking
课内要点探究
随堂达标验收
夯基提能作业
课前自主预习
课前自主预习
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．__________n.杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车
2．__________vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于
→____________n.献身，奉献；忠诚；信仰，祈祷；热爱
→___________
adj.献身的；忠诚的
3．____________
n．不足；缺少；短缺
→_________
adj.不足的；缺少的；短缺的
4．__________
vt.解决(难题)；应付(局面)；处理
hybrid
devote
devotion
devoted
shortage
short
tackle
5．__________
n．危机；危急关头
→__________(pl.)
6．_________
vt.使增长；使兴旺 n．增长；提高；激励
7．_________
n．产量；产出 vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等) vi.屈服；让步
8．____________
vt.使相信；使确信；说服
→______________
adj.令人相信的；有说服力的；令人心悦诚服的
9．_________________
n．特征；特点；品质 adj.典型的；独特的
→_____________
vt.使具有特征 n．性格；特点；字母；角色
crisis
crises
boost
yield
convince
convincing
characteristic
character
10．__________
vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到
11．________________
adj.传统的；习惯的
12．_____________
vt.授粉；传粉
→_______________
n．授粉；传粉
13．______________
n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得
→__________
v．假定；设定
14．___________
adj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的
15．____________
vt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜
16．__________
vt.&
vi.扩大；增加
vt.扩展；发展(业务)
→_____________
n．扩展；发展；扩大
attain
conventional
pollinate
pollination
assumption
assume
intense
overcome
expand
expansion
17．__________
n．产量；输出；输出量 vt.(output，output)输出
18．____________
vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算
19．____________
adj.本国的；国内的；家用的
20．_______________
n．消耗；消耗量；消费
→___________
vt.消耗；消费
→____________n.消费者
21．____________
vt.包括；包含；由……组成
22．____________
vt.产生；引起
23．__________
n．(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力
output
estimate
domestic
consumption
consume
consumer
comprise
generate
strain
24．___________
n．闲暇；休闲；空闲
25．________
n．泥土；土壤；国土；领土
26．_____________
n．名望；名誉；名人；名流
27．____________
vt.展望；想象
→__________
n．想象；视力；视野；影像
28．_________
n．谷物；谷粒；颗粒
29．___________
n．现实；实际情况；事实
→________
adj.真的；真实的
→__________
adv.真正地
leisure
soil
celebrity
envision
vision
grain
reality
real
really
30．_________
adj.含盐的；咸的
→________
n．盐
31．_________
adj.城市的；都市的；城镇的
32．________
n．炸弹 vt.轰炸；对……投炸弹
33．__________
n．地下通道；地道；隧道
34．_____________
n．扩建部分；扩大；电话分机
→__________
vt.延伸；扩大；推广 vi.延伸；扩大；伸展
35．__________
adj.与化学有关的；化学的 n．化学制品；化学品
36．_________
n．小麦；小麦籽
37．___________
n．味道；特点；特色
salty
salt
urban
bomb
tunnel
extension
extend
chemical
wheat
flavour
Ⅱ.重点短语
1．____________________
one’s
dreams实现某人的梦想
2．care
_______
照顾；关心；喜欢
3．be
known
______作为……而出名
4．devote...______把……用于；献身；致力；专心
5．be
comprised
______包括；包含；由……组成(或构成)
6．both..._______...两者都
7．far
________远非；绝不
8．deep
________在内心深处；本质上；实际上
fulfill/realize
for
as
to
of
and
from
down
9．______
heart内心里；
本质上；十分关心(某人的利益或福祉)
10．______
home
and
abroad国内外
11．open
______将(瓶、盒等)开封；拆开(包裹、信封等)；开放(被封的道路、边界等)；(使)(地方、经济、兴趣领域等)开放；敞开心扉
12．take
______承担，接受(尤指艰巨工作或重大责任)；呈现，显出(新面貌或新特点)
13．turn
________变成
14．up
______多达；胜任
at
at
up
on
into
to
15．make
use
______利用
16．________
one’s
demands满足某人的需要
17．adapt
______适应
18．now
________既然
19．make
______
one’s
mind下定决心
20．complain
_________抱怨
of
meet
to
that
up
about
Ⅲ.重点句型
1．Indeed,
his
slim
but
strong
body
is
just
like
that
of
millions
of
Chinese
farmers,
____________
he
has
devoted
his
life.
事实上，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
2．However，______________________________was
that
farmers
often
had
poor
harvests
and
sometimes
even
had
a
serious
shortage
of
food
to
eat.
然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至口粮严重短缺。
to
whom
what
concerned
him
most
3．Today,
__________________________
about
60
percent
of
domestic
rice
consumption
in
China
is
comprised
of
crops
generated
from
Yuan’s
hybrid
strains...
据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物品种形成的作物……
4．_________
that
Yuan’s
hybrids
have
made
him
quite
wealthy,
one
might
think
he
would
retire
to
a
life
of
leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。
it
is
estimated
that
Given
Ⅳ.语篇解读
Step
1 Fast-reading
1．What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
passage？_____
A．Ways
to
increase
the
rice
output.
B．Yuan
Longping’s
dreams.
C．Yuan
Longping’s
super
hybrid
rice.
D．Yuan
Longping—an
agricultural
pioneer.
D
2．Match
each
paragraph
with
its
main
idea.
Para.1 A．Yuan
conducted
research
and
developed
hybrid
rice.
Para.2 B．Yuan
is
old
but
still
full
of
dreams
that
he
is
turning
into
reality.
Para.3 C．Yuan
considers
himself
a
farmer.
Para.4 D．Yuan
decided
to
study
agriculture.
Para.5 E．Yuan’s
innovation
has
helped
to
feed
more
people.
Para.6 F．Yuan
cares
little
for
celebrity
or
money.
答案：Para.1 C Para.2 D Para.3 A Para.4 E Para.5 F Para.6 B
Step
2 Careful-reading
Choose
the
best
answer.
1．From
the
first
paragraph,
we
know
that
Yuan
Longping
_____.
A．is
a
farmer
B．looks
like
a
farmer
C．has
a
weak
body
D．is
China’s
most
famous
scientist
B
2．Why
did
Yuan
Longping
choose
to
study
agriculture？_____
A．Because
his
parents
wanted
him
to
do
so.
B．Because
he
wanted
to
win
awards
in
this
field.
C．Because
farmers
sometimes
suffered
from
serious
shortage
of
food
at
that
time.
D．Because
he
wanted
to
make
more
money
by
selling
seeds.
C
3．How
long
did
it
take
Yuan
Longping
to
develop
his
super
hybrid
rice？_____
A．12
years.
B．14
years.
C．21
years.
D．30
years.
C
4．Which
of
the
following
can
we
know
from
the
passage？_____
A．Yuan
Longping
is
living
a
life
of
leisure.
B．Most
experts
on
agriculture
agreed
on
the
possibility
of
developing
a
kind
of
hybrid
rice.
C．“Seawater
rice”
is
a
kind
of
rice
that
has
a
low
output.
D．Yuan
Longping
is
not
interested
in
becoming
famous
or
wealthy.
D
课内要点探究
重
点
单
词
1．devote
vt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于
单句语法填空
①Society
even
praises
“burning
the
candle
at
both
ends”
as
a
sign
of
our
____________(devote)
to
work
and
family.
②But
we
do
think
that
you
can
live
a
more
powerful
life
when
you
devote
some
of
your
time
and
energy
______
something
much
larger
than
yourself.
devotion
to
句型转换
③Devoted
to
teaching
the
deaf
children,
the
young
lady
has
little
time
to
care
for
her
own
daughter.
→_________________________
teaching
the
deaf
children,
the
young
lady
has
little
time
to
care
for
her
own
daughter.
完成句子
④We
believe
firmly
what
you
have
_________________________(致力于，献身于)
is
sure
to
come
true.
⑤I
___________________________(致力于)
this
cause
for
many
years.
Devoting
herself
to
devoted
yourself
to
have
been
devoted
to
2．shortage
n．不足；缺少；短缺
单句语法填空
①In
the
developed
countries,
there
is
a
great
____________(short)
of
labour/workforce.
完成句子
②谈到改善孩子教育的问题，大家都想法多多。
There’s
no
________________
ideas
when
it
comes
to
improving
the
education
of
children.
shortage
shortage
of
3．crisis
n．(pl.crises)危机，危急关头
完成句子
①I
think
Paul
and
Lucinda
are
____________________(处于危急时刻)
in
their
marriage.
②___________________(在危急时刻)
you
find
out
who
your
real
friends
are.
③Natural
disasters
have
obviously
contributed
to
the
_______________
(经济危机)．
at
a
crisis
point
In
times
of
crisis
economic
crisis
4．convince
vt.使相信；使确信；说服
(3)convincing
adj.令人信服的
I
am
convinced
of
her
innocence.
＝I
am
convinced
that
she
is
innocent.
我坚信她是清白无辜的。
In
order
to
convince
us
of
his
honesty,
he
gave
us
several
convincing
cases
which
could
make
us
convinced
of
it.
为了使我们相信他的诚实，他给我们列举了几个能让我们相信的有说服力的事例。
They
persuaded
us
into/out
of
going(＝to
go/not
to
go)to
the
party.
他们说服我们去/不去参加那次聚会。
单句语法填空
①I’m
not
_____________
(convince)
that
your
idea
will
work,
but
I’ll
keep
an
open
mind
on
it.
②Scientists
are
convinced
______
the
positive
effect
of
laughter
on
physical
and
mental
health.
③Nobody
could
come
up
with
a
_____________
(convince)
reason
why
the
dinosaur
died
out.
convinced
of
convincing
④They
tried
to
convince
him
_______________(support)
them.
⑤_____________(convince)
that
the
Belt
and
Road
Initiative
(“一带一路”倡议)
will
benefit
China’s
economy,
we
are
optimistic
about
the
future
of
our
country.
完成句子
⑥Robert’s
expression
obviously
______________________(使她相信)
his
honesty.
⑦_________________________(我确信)
we
were
doing
the
right
thing.
to
support
Convinced
convinced
her
of
I
was
convinced
that
5．attain
vt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到
单句语法填空
①Few
people
could
ever
hope
______________(attain)
an
acceptable
standard
of
living.
②The
important
thing
in
life
is
to
have
a
great
aim,
and
the
determination
______________(attain)
it.
to
attain
to
attain
完成句子
③I’m
ashamed
to
say
that
I
didn’t
____________________(实现我的目标)．
④India
__________________________(获得了独立)
in
1947,
after
a
long
struggle.
解析：由in
1947可知是过去的事情，注意用一般过去时。
attain
my
goal
attained
independence
6．assumption
n．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得
单句语法填空
①Traditional
exercises
like
sit-ups,
press-ups
and
pull-ups
are
good
for
building
up
your
strength,
____________(assume)
you
do
them
properly.
②Try
to
understand
what’s
actually
happening
instead
of
acting
on
the
______________
(assume)
you’ve
made.
③(2021·湖北荆门调考)Websites
and
social
networks
track
your
location
and
search
history
and
make
assumptions
_________
your
age,
race
and
sex.
assuming
assumption
about
④What
will
you
do
______
the
assumption
that
you
can’t
beat
him
in
the
first
round
of
the
match?
⑤We
must
assume
him
________(be)
innocent
until
he
is
proved
guilty.
句型转换
Considering
what
she
has
done,
we
assume
her
to
be
warm-hearted.
⑥→Considering
what
she
has
done,
we
__________________________
warm-hearted.
⑦→_________________________
she
is
warm-hearted
considering
what
she
has
done.
on
to
be
assume
(that)
she
is
It
is
assumed
that
7．overcome
vt.(overcame,
overcome)克服；解决；战胜
He
beat
me
at
chess.
他下棋赢了我。
He
defeated
the
champion
in
three
sets.
他三盘击败了冠军。
France
won
by
six
goals
to
two
against
Denmark.
法国队以六比二战胜丹麦队。
单句语法填空
①He
struggled
________________(overcome)
his
shyness.
②It
was
inspiring
that
our
team
easily
____________(overcome)
their
team
in
the
final
game.
③He
has
enough
courage
________________(overcome)
the
difficulty.
to
overcome
overcame
to
overcome
完成句子
④莫莉已经努力克服了对飞行的恐惧。
Molly
had
fought
and
___________________________________.
⑤不管多大困难，我们都能克服。
We
can
_____________________________，however
great.
overcome
her
fear
of
flying
overcome
any
difficulty
8．expand
vt.&
vi.扩大；增加 vt.扩展；发展(业务)
易混词
区别
extend
指空间范围的扩大，长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长
The
show
has
been
extended
for
another
six
weeks.
展览会又延长了六周。
spread
指向四面八方展开，也指物种、疾病、消息、思想或文化的传播
The
disease
spread
quickly
around
the
village.
这种疾病在这个村庄里迅速蔓延。
单句语法填空
①She
_______________(expand)
her
career
to
the
field
of
entertainment
in
recent
years.
②We
are
hoping
______________(expand)
our
business,
particularly
in
Europe.
has
expanded
to
expand
辨析填空：expand/extend/spread
③We
have
learned
from
the
textbook
that
all
metals
__________
when
they
are
heated.
④By
tracking
people’s
e-mails
and
online
posts,
scientists
have
found
that
good
news
can
__________
faster
and
farther
than
disasters
and
sob
stories
(伤感的故事)．
⑤You
are
given
only
half
an
hour
to
finish
your
speech
on
the
subject,
so
you’d
better
not
__________
it
too
far.
expand
spread
extend
9．estimate
vt.估计；估价；估算 n．估计；估算
单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏宿迁期末)Ocean
plastic
is
estimated
____________(kill)
millions
of
animals
every
year.
②(2021·上海市西南位育中学期中)______
is
estimated
that
the
number
of
tourists
who
travel
abroad
has
doubled
in
the
past
decade.
to
kill
It
完成句子
③我估计他的年龄大约30岁。
I
______________________________
about
30.
④据估计，这项工程将持续四年。
_____________________
that
the
project
will
last
four
years.
estimate
his
age
to
be
It
is
estimated
10．comprise
vt.包括；包含；由……组成
单句语法填空
①A
cricket
team
is
comprised
______
eleven
players.
②A
healthy
diet
should
consist
______
wholefood.
完成句子
③A
football
team
____________________________________________
(由……组成)
eleven
players
while
six
players
can
____________(组成)
a
volleyball
team.
of
of
is
made
up
of/is
composed
of/consists
of
make
up
11．reality
n．现实；实际情况；事实
单句语法填空
①However,
this
___________(real)
also
worried
my
designers.
②The
reality
is
________
the
youth
centre
will
have
to
close
unless
we
find
some
new
funding
soon.
完成句子
③He
looked
very
confident
and
calm
during
the
test,
but
____________
(事实上)
he
was
extremely
nervous.
④His
dream
of
becoming
a
painter
______________________(变成了现实)．
reality
that
in
reality
became
a
reality
重
点
短
语
1．care
for照顾；关心；喜欢
单句语法填空
①I
had
my
children
to
care
_______，and
I
had
to
make
a
decision.
②I
don’t
care
_______
green.I
like
red.
for
for
2．be
known
as作为……而出名；被称为……
as
is
known
to
all/as
we
all
know/as
everyone
knows...众所周知
It
is
well-known
that...众所周知……
The
Great
Wall
is
known
as
an
ancient
man-made
wonder.
长城作为古代人工建筑的奇迹而出名。
Harbin
is
known
for
its
ice
sculptures.
哈尔滨因其冰雕而出名。
The
actress
is
known
to
us
all.
这个女演员为我们所熟知。
单句语法填空
①He
is
known
______
a
successful
architect.
②The
region
is
known
_______
its
fine
wines.
③As
is
known
______
us
all,
the
vase
dates
back
to
the
Ming
Dynasty.
as
for
to
完成句子
④The
small
town
________________________(因……闻名)
its
unique
scenery.
⑤He
_________________(被称为)
the
gymnastic
prince.
⑥That
smoking
is
harmful
to
health
_________________(为……所知)
everyone.
is
known/famous
for
is
known
as
is
known
to
3．varieties
of许多的；各种各样的(＝a
variety
of)
单句语法填空
①Many
kinds
of
animals
have
become
endangered
for
_____
variety
of
reasons.
②The
land
__________(vary)
in
height
from
700
metres
above
sea
level
to
over
2,000
metres.
a
varies
③Test
scores
vary
________
school
to
school.
④The
menu
varies
________
the
season.
完成句子
⑤Students
should
involve
themselves
in
_________________________
(各种各样的)
community
activities.
from
with
varieties
of/a
variety
of
4．far
from完全不，远非(后接名词、动名词或“being＋形容词”，being可省略)
单句语法填空
①So
far
we
______________(do)
a
lot
to
build
a
low-carbon
economy,
but
it
is
far
________
ideal.We
have
to
work
still
harder.
②For
many
foreigners,
even
if
they
have
learned
Chinese
for
several
years,
they
are
still
far
from
_________(be)
experts
at
this
complex
language.
have
done
from
being
完成句子
③Much
progress
has
been
made
___________(到目前为止)
and
we
are
sure
that
the
work
will
be
finished
on
time.
④________________________(据我所知),
he
has
tried
his
best
to
do
the
job
well.
⑤This
is
___________(最)
the
most
exciting
movie
that
I
have
ever
seen.
so
far
As
far
as
I
know
by
far
5．take
on接受(工作),
承担(责任)；呈现，具有(特征，外观等)；聘用，雇用
单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏南京师大附中期末)Don’t
take
______
too
much
work—the
extra
salary
isn’t
worth
it.
②When
the
delayed
flight
will
take
_______
depends
much
on
the
weather.
on
off
③(2020·天津耀华中学开学考)Not
knowing
much
of
the
world
yet,
simple-minded
teenagers
are
easily
taken
______.
④Briggs
will
take
________
as
general
manager
when
Mitchell
retires.
⑤Youngsters
who
suffer
a
lot
of
academic
burdens
are
encouraged
to
take
______.
in
over
up
6．make
use
of
利用；使用
(2)be
of
great
use很有用
be
no
use无用
come
into
use开始使用
be
in
use在使用中
It
is
no
use
doing
sth.
做某事没用。
用use的相关搭配完成句子
①我的忠告将来会对你很有用。
My
advice
will
______________________
to
you
in
the
future.
②那种方法只是最近才开始使用的。
That
method
has
only
___________________
recently.
③给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。
__________________
telephoning
him.He
is
not
willing
to
come.
be
of
great
use
come
into
use
It’s
no
use
④(2019·江苏泰州期末)一个成功的人能够充分利用他所遇到的机会。
A
successful
person
can
___________________________________
that
he
comes
across.
make
full
use
of
the
chances
7．make
up
one’s
mind下决心，决定
单句语法填空
①Once
she
____________________(make)
up
her
mind,
nothing
can
change
it.
②At
present,
he
is
frequently
changing
_______(he)
mind.
③Although
he
was
very
stubborn,
I
made
up
my
mind
______________
(persuade)
him.
has
made/makes
his
to
persuade
完成句子
④She
gave
me
a
determined
look—the
kind
that
said
she
would
not
_____________________(改变主意)．
⑤We
_____________________________(已下定决心)
go
on
a
journey
to
a
strange
country.
change
her
mind
have
made
up
our
minds
to
重
点
句
型
1．Indeed,
his
slim
but
strong
body
is
just
like
that
of
millions
of
Chinese
farmers,
to
whom
he
has
devoted
his
life.
事实上，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
Who
is
the
girl
with
whom
you
just
shook
hands?
刚才和你握手的那个女孩是谁？(二动，shake
hands
with)
The
colourless
gas
without
which
we
cannot
live
is
called
oxygen.
这种无色的气体叫氧气，没有了它我们就不能生存。(三意义)
单句语法填空
①I
finally
knew
the
reason
for
_________
she
didn’t
talk
to
me
and
comforted
her.
②I
still
keep
the
photo
of
the
house
___________________
I
lived
when
I
was
in
London.
③Creating
an
atmosphere
____________________
students
feel
free
to
express
themselves
is
a
big
challenge
for
us
teachers.
which
where/in
which
where/in
which
④He
handed
me
a
pen
with
_________
I
wrote
down
his
phone
number.
⑤Copernicus’
theory
is
now
the
basis
on
_________
all
our
ideas
of
the
universe
are
built.
完成句子
⑥My
computer,
__________________(没有它)
I
can’t
surf
the
Internet,
crashed
yesterday.
⑦The
old
man
has
two
sons，_______________________________
(两个都是律师)．
which
which
without
which
both
of
whom
are
lawyers
2．However，what
concerned
him
most
was
that
farmers
often
had
poor
harvests
and
sometimes
even
had
a
serious
shortage
of
food
to
eat.
然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至口粮严重短缺。
What
surprised
me
most
was
that
such
a
little
boy
of
seven
could
play
the
violin
so
well.
让我非常吃惊的是一个七岁的孩子能把小提琴拉得这么好。
完成句子
①正在他身上发生的事情也正发生在我身上。
________________________________
is
also
happening
to
me.
②让这位妈妈生气的是她的儿子拒绝服用任何药物。
What
made
the
mother
angry
was
_______________________________
_____________________.
What
is
happening
to
him
that
her
son
refused
to
take
any
medicine
③这就是我所感兴趣的。
This
is
______________________________.
④我认为他所说的与我们正在讨论的话题无关。
I
don’t
think
_______________________
is
relevant
to
the
topic
we
are
discussing.
what
I’m
interested
in
what
he
has
said
3．Today,
it
is
estimated
that
about
60
percent
of
domestic
rice
consumption
in
China
is
comprised
of
crops
generated
from
Yuan’s
hybrid
strains...
据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物……
(2)该句型可转换为“sb./sth.＋be＋过去分词＋to
do/to
be
doing/to
have
done”和“主语＋say/think/report...＋that...”句型。
It
was
estimated
that
the
thieves
had
stolen
one
million
dollars’
worth
of
jewelry
from
the
shop.
据估计，这些盗贼从那家商店偷了价值100万美元的珠宝。
It
is
generally
believed/thought
that
a
good
education
is
good
to
young
people.
人们通常认为良好的教育对年轻人是有益的。
This
book
is
said
to
have
been
translated
into
many
foreign
languages.
据说这本书已被翻译成许多外国语言。
单句语法填空
①_____
is
said
that
the
new
company
is
in
great
need
of
skilled
workers.
②The
president
________________
(report)
to
visit
Europe
next
month.
句型转换
③People
say
you
are
a
real
hero.
→You
_____________________
a
real
hero.
→______________________
you
are
a
real
hero.
It
is
reported
are
said
to
be
It
is
said
that
④People
said
Edison
had
invented
the
first
electric
light.
→Edison
_________________________________
the
first
electric
light.
→_______________________
Edison
_________________
the
first
electric
light.
was
said
to
have
invented
It
was
said
that
had
invented
4．Given
that
Yuan’s
hybrids
have
made
him
quite
wealthy,
one
might
think
he
would
retire
to
a
life
of
leisure.
考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。
单句语法填空
①_________
(give)
the
present
circumstances,
you’ve
done
really
well.
②Given
________
the
patients
have
some
disabilities,
we
still
try
to
enable
then
to
be
as
independent
as
possible.
完成句子
③___________________(考虑到他的年龄),
he
is
very
strong
and
healthy.
④_______________(考虑到)the
students
need
more
exercise,
the
head
teacher
has
decided
to
add
more
PE
classes.
Given
that
Given
his
age
Given
that
