非谓语动词：不定式用法
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文档简介
英语不定式学习导学案
Ⅰ品味语法
To ask him for help is necessary.
He can’t afford to buy such an expensive car.
I found it difficult to funish the work in such a short time.
The parents don’t allow their children to go out at night.
He said he had an important thing to attend to.
He worked hard to learn English well.
Ⅱ自我探究
例1是动词不定式______，可用it作形式主语 It is necessary to ask him for help。
例2为动词不定式作________。
例3为it作________,真正的宾语是动词不定式to funish the work in such a short time。
例4为动词不定式作__________。
例5为动词不定式作________。
例6为动词不定式作________。
Ⅲ自学讲解归纳
动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式在句中不能独立做谓语，但在句中可以做主语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，表语和状语等多种成分。
动词不定式作主语
（1），动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如果不定式太长，常用it作形式主语。
To see is to believe.
It is a great pleasure to talk with you.
It made me happy to find my key.
(2)如果要说明不定式表示的动作的发出者的话，要在不定式前加for引起的短语，构成“for+名词（或代词宾格）+不定式”
It is easy for him to work out this math problem.
(3)表示人的品性的形容词（如cleve,kind,nice wise,fooish,polite,stupid,silly等）作表语时，不定式前常用of 引起的短语。
It was foolish of him to make such a mistake.
动词不定式作表语
不定式作表语，用来解释主语或主语从句中do的精确含义时，往往可以省略动词不定式符号to.
My wish is to become a university student.
Her job is to look after patients.
What we want to do now is (to)lie down and rest.
The method proved to be highly effective.
动词不定式作宾语
（1）常用不定式作宾语的动词有：want,agree,desire,determine,refuse,hope,wish,expect,promise,choose,pretend,decide,offer,manage,intend,learn,afford等。
We hope to get there before dark.
He cant’t afford to buy the expensive car.
(2).可用“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语的动词有:know,learn,decide,think,consider,observe,wonder,settle,inquire等。
I don’t know what to do.
He is considering when to hold a party.
(3)在某些复合宾语中，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正作宾语的不定式放到宾语补足语之后。
I think it important to keep the society steady.
He thinks it impossible to finish the work in such a short time.
动词不定式作宾语补足语
常见的可以用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,tell,invite,force,want,wish,teach,get,beg,allow,forbid,encourage,advise,persuade等。
They told him not to be late again.
The parents don’t allow their children to go out at night.
(2)表示使役的动词make,let,have和表示感官的动词hear，watch,see,notice,observe,feel,listen to,look at，其后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
Let him try once more.
I saw him enter the room.
注意。以上类型的句子变为被动语态时，省略的不定式符号to必须恢复(let除外)
I often hear him sing this song.主动
He is often heard to sing this song.被动
动词不定式作定语
（1）不定式作定语时，常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，表示将来的动作。
I have a lot of work to do.
(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词。
He told me he had no pen to write with.
She is a very nice person to work with.
动词不定式作状语
不定式作状语常用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因等。
She got up early to catch the early bus.
We were very excited to hear the news.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
注意：现在分词表示结果时，表示“自然产生的结果”
His parents died,leaving him an orphan.
动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式符号前加not;不带to的不定式则在动词前加not.
Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day.
My mother let me not to do it by myself.
动词不定式的形式和语态
不定式的语态不定式的形式 主动式 被动式
一般式
完成式
进行式
完成进行式
They seem to have known each other for a long time.
They pretended to be working hard when the teacher came in.
I wanted the letter to be typed at once.
I think it’s an honor to have been given a chance to speak at the meeting.
Ⅳ巩固练习
Ⅰ单项填空
1.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.
A.expressing B.expressed C.to express D.to be expressed
2.His first book_______next month is based on a true stoty.
A.published B.to be published C.to publish D.being publishe
3.The doctor has worked with patients of this kind for nine years,so he knows what _____in his job.
A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expect
4.With a lot of difficult problems______,the manager felt like a cat on hot bricks.
A.settling B.to settle C.being settled D.SETTLED
5.I like getting up very early in summer,The morning air is so good ______.
A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed
6.The rule says that the last____the office should remember ____the windows.
A.to leave; to close B.leaving;to close C.leaving;closing D.to leave;closing
7.With the world changing fast,we have something new_____with all by ourselves every day.
A.deal B.dealt C.to deal D.dealing
8.He hurried to the airport only ____that the plane had already taken off.
A.to be told B.to tell C.told D.telling
9.Mr.Green stood up in denfence of the 16-year-old boy,saying that he was not the one____.
A.blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed
10. Helen had to shout _________ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
11 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to ____
A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on
12 Paul doesn’t have to be made _____. He always works hard.
13 We were astonished ____________the temple still in its original condition
A.find B. to find C. finding D. to be found
14Hearing the teacher coming towards her ,she picked her English book ,pretending __________harder at his lesson
A. to work B. to have worked C. working D .to be working
15 Robert is said___________abroad ,but I do not know what country he studied in
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
16The crow cheered widely at the sight of liu xiang ,who was reported__________the World record in the 110 meter hurdle race
A. breaking B .having broken C. to have broken D .to break
17. Sandy could not do nothing but ----to his teacher that he was wrong
A. admit B .admitted B. admitting D. to admit
ⅤII.句型转换，根据括号内的提示完成
Mr.White requires that I repair the machine at once.（动词不定式作宾补）
Mr.White requires me __________the machine at once.
2.Our duty is to help young children develop good character.(it作形式主语)
___________our duty _________young children decelop good character.
3.Because a lot of work remains to be done.I’m afraid I can’t see you off at the airport.(with
复合结构)
With a lot of work __________,I’mafraid I can’t see you off at the airport.
4.I believe you were wrong to speak to your mohter.(it 作形式主语)
I believe that __________to speak to your mother in such a rude manner.
5.It’s said that Columbus was the one who discovered America.(动词不定式作定词)
It’s said that Columbus was the one___________America.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
Ⅵ学习报告
Ⅰ品味语法
To ask him for help is necessary.
He can’t afford to buy such an expensive car.
I found it difficult to funish the work in such a short time.
The parents don’t allow their children to go out at night.
He said he had an important thing to attend to.
He worked hard to learn English well.
Ⅱ自我探究
例1是动词不定式______，可用it作形式主语 It is necessary to ask him for help。
例2为动词不定式作________。
例3为it作________,真正的宾语是动词不定式to funish the work in such a short time。
例4为动词不定式作__________。
例5为动词不定式作________。
例6为动词不定式作________。
Ⅲ自学讲解归纳
动词不定式的句法功能
动词不定式在句中不能独立做谓语，但在句中可以做主语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，表语和状语等多种成分。
动词不定式作主语
（1），动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。如果不定式太长，常用it作形式主语。
To see is to believe.
It is a great pleasure to talk with you.
It made me happy to find my key.
(2)如果要说明不定式表示的动作的发出者的话，要在不定式前加for引起的短语，构成“for+名词（或代词宾格）+不定式”
It is easy for him to work out this math problem.
(3)表示人的品性的形容词（如cleve,kind,nice wise,fooish,polite,stupid,silly等）作表语时，不定式前常用of 引起的短语。
It was foolish of him to make such a mistake.
动词不定式作表语
不定式作表语，用来解释主语或主语从句中do的精确含义时，往往可以省略动词不定式符号to.
My wish is to become a university student.
Her job is to look after patients.
What we want to do now is (to)lie down and rest.
The method proved to be highly effective.
动词不定式作宾语
（1）常用不定式作宾语的动词有：want,agree,desire,determine,refuse,hope,wish,expect,promise,choose,pretend,decide,offer,manage,intend,learn,afford等。
We hope to get there before dark.
He cant’t afford to buy the expensive car.
(2).可用“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语的动词有:know,learn,decide,think,consider,observe,wonder,settle,inquire等。
I don’t know what to do.
He is considering when to hold a party.
(3)在某些复合宾语中，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正作宾语的不定式放到宾语补足语之后。
I think it important to keep the society steady.
He thinks it impossible to finish the work in such a short time.
动词不定式作宾语补足语
常见的可以用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask,tell,invite,force,want,wish,teach,get,beg,allow,forbid,encourage,advise,persuade等。
They told him not to be late again.
The parents don’t allow their children to go out at night.
(2)表示使役的动词make,let,have和表示感官的动词hear，watch,see,notice,observe,feel,listen to,look at，其后用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
Let him try once more.
I saw him enter the room.
注意。以上类型的句子变为被动语态时，省略的不定式符号to必须恢复(let除外)
I often hear him sing this song.主动
He is often heard to sing this song.被动
动词不定式作定语
（1）不定式作定语时，常放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，表示将来的动作。
I have a lot of work to do.
(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词。
He told me he had no pen to write with.
She is a very nice person to work with.
动词不定式作状语
不定式作状语常用来修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因等。
She got up early to catch the early bus.
We were very excited to hear the news.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
注意：现在分词表示结果时，表示“自然产生的结果”
His parents died,leaving him an orphan.
动词不定式的否定形式
动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式符号前加not;不带to的不定式则在动词前加not.
Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day.
My mother let me not to do it by myself.
动词不定式的形式和语态
不定式的语态不定式的形式 主动式 被动式
一般式
完成式
进行式
完成进行式
They seem to have known each other for a long time.
They pretended to be working hard when the teacher came in.
I wanted the letter to be typed at once.
I think it’s an honor to have been given a chance to speak at the meeting.
Ⅳ巩固练习
Ⅰ单项填空
1.The ability _____an idea is as important as the idea itself.
A.expressing B.expressed C.to express D.to be expressed
2.His first book_______next month is based on a true stoty.
A.published B.to be published C.to publish D.being publishe
3.The doctor has worked with patients of this kind for nine years,so he knows what _____in his job.
A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expect
4.With a lot of difficult problems______,the manager felt like a cat on hot bricks.
A.settling B.to settle C.being settled D.SETTLED
5.I like getting up very early in summer,The morning air is so good ______.
A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed
6.The rule says that the last____the office should remember ____the windows.
A.to leave; to close B.leaving;to close C.leaving;closing D.to leave;closing
7.With the world changing fast,we have something new_____with all by ourselves every day.
A.deal B.dealt C.to deal D.dealing
8.He hurried to the airport only ____that the plane had already taken off.
A.to be told B.to tell C.told D.telling
9.Mr.Green stood up in denfence of the 16-year-old boy,saying that he was not the one____.
A.blamed B.blaming C.to blame D.to be blamed
10. Helen had to shout _________ above the sound of the music.
A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard
11 The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to ____
A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on
12 Paul doesn’t have to be made _____. He always works hard.
13 We were astonished ____________the temple still in its original condition
A.find B. to find C. finding D. to be found
14Hearing the teacher coming towards her ,she picked her English book ,pretending __________harder at his lesson
A. to work B. to have worked C. working D .to be working
15 Robert is said___________abroad ,but I do not know what country he studied in
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
16The crow cheered widely at the sight of liu xiang ,who was reported__________the World record in the 110 meter hurdle race
A. breaking B .having broken C. to have broken D .to break
17. Sandy could not do nothing but ----to his teacher that he was wrong
A. admit B .admitted B. admitting D. to admit
ⅤII.句型转换，根据括号内的提示完成
Mr.White requires that I repair the machine at once.（动词不定式作宾补）
Mr.White requires me __________the machine at once.
2.Our duty is to help young children develop good character.(it作形式主语)
___________our duty _________young children decelop good character.
3.Because a lot of work remains to be done.I’m afraid I can’t see you off at the airport.(with
复合结构)
With a lot of work __________,I’mafraid I can’t see you off at the airport.
4.I believe you were wrong to speak to your mohter.(it 作形式主语)
I believe that __________to speak to your mother in such a rude manner.
5.It’s said that Columbus was the one who discovered America.(动词不定式作定词)
It’s said that Columbus was the one___________America.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
Ⅵ学习报告