高考英语语法专题-定语从句学案

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
定语从句
Period?1?Grammar
(relative
pronouns
of
attributive
clausesⅠ)
★
什么是定语？
一、找出下列句子中的定语
1.
It
is
an
unusual
day..?
2.
He
made
a
lot
of
mistakes
in
grammar.
3.
This
is
a
flower
basket.
4.
This
is
a
basket
full
of
flowers.
5.
This
is
a
basket
that?I
want
to
put
flowers
in.
归纳：定语通常放在被修饰词的前面还是后面？有何规律
二．归纳:?找出下句中的先行词，关系词
This
is
a
basket
that?I
want
to
put
flowers
in.
★
定语从句的翻译
This
is
the
scientist
that
was
nominated
for
Nobel
Prize.
三.
定义
1.
在复合句中,?修饰或限定某一___?词或?___词的从句叫定语从句。主句中被定语从句修饰的词叫?_____词。引导定语从句的词叫做?________?或者
。
答案：名词，代词，先行，引导词、关系词
四、预习自测
请找出下列句子中的先行词和关系词。
The
boy
who
is
wearing
a
black
jacket
is
my
friend.
That’s
the
girl
whom
I
teach.
五、关系词that,
who,?whom
The
police
is
looking
for
the
man
who/that
murdered
the
princess.
This
is
the
man
that/who/whom
I
am
looking
for.
She
is
no
longer
the
girl?that
she
used
to
be.
Those
who
are
contented
are
happy.
小结：关系代词that,
who和whom指代_______（人/物）。
that在定语从句中作______，_______或_________；who在定语从句中作______或_________；whom
在定语从句中作________；作宾语时关系词_______(可以/不可以)省略。
答案：人/主语、宾语、表语/
主语、宾语/
宾语/
可以
但是：?
the
employer
1.____________we
work
for
is
very
mean(吝啬的）.
the
employer
for2.____________we
work
is
very
mean.
举一反三：He
is
the
man
from
3.??
?
??I?borrowed?the
book..
归纳：
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
??
答案：
1.
who/whom/that/省略
2.
whom
3.
whom
归纳：
当介词在前面的的时候，表示人的关系词只能用whom
探究2、that,?which
The
building
that/which
is
near
the
river
is
our
school.
?The
factory
that/which
I
visited
last
year
is
very
famous.
The
modern
aeroplane
is
not
the
machine
that
it
was
when
first
invented.
小结：关系代词that和which指代_______（人/物）。that在定语从句中作______，_______或_________；which在定语从句中作______或_________;
作宾语时关系词______(可以/不可以)省略。
答案：物/主语、宾语、表语/
主语、宾语/
宾语/
可以
但是：
Chengdu
1.
I
paid
a
visit
to
last
summer
is
beautiful
.
Chengdu?to2.__________I
paid
a
visit
last
summer
is
beautiful.
举一反三
This
is
the
school3.___________
I
studied
in
for
three
years.
This
is
the
school?in4.__________
I
studied
for
three
years.
归纳：
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
???
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
??
答案：1.which/that/省略
2.which
3.
which/that/省略
4.
which
归纳：
当介词在前面的的时候，表示物的关系词只能用which
?探究3、关系词whose的用法
?This
is
the
book
whose
cover
is
blue.
Do
you
know
the
girl
whose
father
died
in
Iraq?
关系代词whose指代______
_（人/物），?whose在定语从句中作________。
答案：人/
定语
解题技巧：横线后面紧跟名词
The
house
whose
roof
is
brown
is
mine.
还可以写成：The
house
,the
roof
of
which
is
brown
,is
mine.
The
house,
of
which
the
roof
is
brown
,is
mine.
?
举一反三：
This
is
my
school.
The
buildings
of
the
school
are
built
on
the
top
of
a
hill.
This
is
my
school1._________
buildings
are
built
on
the
top
of
a
hill.
This
is
my
school
,2.__________________are
built
on
the
top
of
a
hill.
This
is
my
school
,3._____________________are
built
on
the
top
of
a
hill.
答案:1.whose
2.
the
buildings
of
which
3.
of
which
the
buildings
当堂演练
1.
填空
(1)
I
like
the
red
car
________
is
made
in
Tianjin.
(2)The
man
with??
?
??she
is
talking
is
my
husband.
?(3)
His
brother
_______
is
now
a
doctor
always
encourages
him
to
go
to
college.
?(4)
The
old
man
________
we
saw
yesterday
is
a
professor.
?(5).
A
robot
is
a
machine
_______
can
help
people
finish
some
difficult
work.
?(6)
The
girl
_______
you
talked
with
is
good
at
English.
?(7)?Spielberg,?_______
mother
was
a
teacher,
was
born
in?a
small
town.
(8).
I’ve
tried
2
pairs
of
shoes,
neither
of
____________fits
me
well.
(9)The
car??
?
??wheels
are
broken
is
mine.
?答案：
1.which/
that
2.whom
3.
who/that
4.
who/that/whom/
省略
5.which/that
6.who/that/whom/省略
7.
whose
8.
which
9.
whose
2.
将下列简单句合并成含定语从句的复合句。（可用验证法进行自查）
例如：The
book
is
about
war.
He
is
reading
the
book.?
→
The
book
that/which
he
is
reading
is
about
war.
(1)
I
like
to
read
the
books.
The
books
can
help
me
succeed.
?
__________________________________________________________________
(2)
This
is
the
magazine.
I
bought
it
yesterday.
?___________________________________________________________________
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
??
(3)
The
man
is
my
uncle.
He
is
painting
the
house.
→。
(4)
The
girl
got
the
job.
She
can
speak
English.
?
__________________________________________________________________
(5)
The
doctor
is
in
the
room.
They
are
looking
for
the
doctor.
?
__________________________________________________________________
?答案：
1.
I
like
to
read
the
books
that/which
can
help
me
succeed.
2.
This
is
the
magazine
that/
which/
省略
I
bought
yesterday.
3.
The
man
who/that
is
painting
the
house
is
my
uncle.
4.The
girl
who/that
can
speak
English
got
the
job.
5.
The
doctor
who/that/whom/省略
they
are
looking
for
is
in
the
room.
探究3、which引导的非限定性定语从句
1.从句有逗号隔开
2.?关系代词不能省略
He
failed
in
the
experiment,
which
was
unexpected.
3.不能用that替代
4.which引导的非限定性定语从句，先行词可以是一个词，也可以是个句子。
I
want
to
buy
a
dictionary,
which
is
valuable
to
my
learning.
He
was
late
again,
which
made
the
teacher
very
unhappy.
探究4、as引导限定性定语从句
1.
as引导非限定性和限定性定语从句常用于下列句式：
As
we
all
know,
As
is
known
to
all
众所周知
such+名词+as…像……一样的，像……之类的
such(pron.)+as…像……一样的，像……之类的
the
same+名词+as…和……同样的
例：As
we
all
know,
China
is
a
developing
country.
As
is
known
to
us
all,
China
is
in
the
east
of
Asia.
We
have
found
such
material
as
are
used
in
their
factory.
我们已经找到了在那家工厂使用的那种材料。
This
book
is
not
such
as
I
expect.
这本书不如我所期盼的那样
That’s
the
same
tool????as
I
used
last
week.（相似，但并非同一个）
3.
当堂演练
一填空
(1)
Dorothy
was
always
speaking
highly
of
her
role
in
the
play,
________,
of
course,
made
the
others
unhappy.
(2)____
is
known
to
everybody,
the
moon
travels
round
the
earth
once
very
month.
二.
将简单句合并成定语从句
He
won
the
game.
This
made
us
very
happy.
→He
won
the
game,
which
made
us
very
happy..
(1)?Garol
said
the
work
should
be
done
by
October.
I
doubt
it
very
much.
?
__________________________________________________________________
(2)?The
number
of
the
students
in?senior
high
school
is
increasing.
It
is
mentioned
above.
?_________________________________________________________________
答案：
一、1.
which
2.As
二、1.
Garol
said
the
work
should
be
done
by
October
，which
I
doubt
very
much.
2.
As
is
mentioned
above,
?the
number
of
the
students
in?senior
high
school
is
increasing.
Period?2?Grammar
(The
Attributive
ClausesⅡ)
?
一、问题导学
找出下面定语从句的先行词、关系词，并分析关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分。
Beijing
is
the
city?where?I
was
born.
The
factory?which/that/
不填
we
visited
yesterday
is
the
largest
one
around
here.
This
is
the
reason?why?he
doesn’t
like
her.
This
is
the
reason
which
/
that/
不填
he
gave
for
his
being
late.
一、合作探究
探究1、关系代词when,
where
and
why
1.(1)
I’ll
never
forget
the
days
I?worked
and
lived
in
Xi’an.
I
can
never
forget
the
day
we
spent
together.
?答案：when
,
which/
that/
省略
小结：当先行词是表时间的名词时，关系词可以用??
?
?
?也可以用??
?
?或??
?
?.
当关系词在定语从句中指代时间名词（不带介词）的时候用??
?
??；当关系词在定语从句中指代时间副词（不带介词）的时候用??
?
?
?。
答案：when,
which,
that,
which,
when
(2)
I
will
never
forget
the
day________
I
met
you.
?
I
will
never
forget
the
time________
we
fought
shoulder
to
shoulder..
(3)It
was
October
1st,
1949.
The
People’s
Republic
of
China
was
founded
on
October
1st,1949.
(合并句子)
→
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：⑵
when,
when
⑶It
was
October
1st,
1949
when
The
People’s
Republic
of
China
was
founded
.
2.(1)
This
is
the
park
I
used
to
play
kites.
?
?
This
is
the
park
is
being
rebuilt.
?
小结：当先行词是表地点的名词时，关系词可以用??
?
?
?也可以用??
?
?或??
?
?.
当关系词定语从句中指代地点名词（不带介词）的时候用??
?
??；当关系词定语从句中指代地点副词（带介词）的时候用??
?
?
?。
?
(2)
The
hotel
_______
we
lived
during
our
holidays
stands
by
the
seaside.
?
The
hotel
________
we
visited
last
year
stands
by
the
seaside.
(3)The
school
was
very
large.
I
learned
English
in
the
school.
(合并句子)
→_____________________________________________________________________________
答案：
1
where,
that/which
小结：where,
which,
that,
which/that,
where
2
where,
which/
that/
省略
⑶The
school
where
I
learned
English
was
very
large.
3.(1)
There
are
several
reasons
why
those
boys
should
be
punished.
The
reasons
which/that
he
gives
for
his
being
late
were
ridiculous.
小结：当先行词是表原因的名词（reason）时，关系词可以用??
?
?
?也可以用??
?
?或??
?
?.
当关系词在定语从句中指代原因名词（不带介词）的时候用??
?
??；当关系词在定语从句中指代原因副词（带介词）的时候用??
?
?
?。
(2)
Is
this
the
reason
_______
he
failed
in
the
exam?
He
was
ill
yesterday.
That
is
the
reason
________
he
was
absent
from
the
meeting.
Do
you
believe
the
reason
___________he
gave?
(3)I
don’t
know
the
reason.
He
didn’t
agree
with
our
plan
for
the
reason.
(合并句子)
→_____________________________________________________________________________
答案：
小结：why,
which,
that,
which/that,
where
3
why,
why,
which/that/省略
⑶
I
don’t
know
the
reason
why
he
didn’t
agree
with
our
plan.
?
探究2、prep.+
which=when/where/why
1.
prep
+
which
(1)My
father
was
born
in
1939.
The
Second
World
War
broke
out
in
1939.
→My
father
was?born
in
the
year
in
which
(=?_??
?
?)
the
Second
World
War
broke
out.
This
is
the
country.
I
come
from
the
country.
→This
is
the
country
from
which
(=________)
I
come.
He
told
me
some
reasons.
He
moved
to
London
for
some
reasons.
→He
told
me
some
reasons
for
which
(=________)
he
moved
to
London.
小结：关系副词________，_______，和________引导的定语从句相当于“介词+
which”
引导的定语从句。“介词+which”结构中介词的选用要考虑从句中谓语的搭配，先行词的习惯搭配等。
(2)Is
this
the
room
_______
_______
we
were
living
last
winter?
The
days
are
gone
________
________
we
used
“foreign
oil”.
(3)Yesterday
we
had
a
meeting.
We
discussed
many
problems
in
the
meeting.
(合并句子)
→
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案：
⑴
when,
where,
why
小结：where，
when，
why
⑵in
which,
on
which
⑶Yesterday
we
had
a
meeting
where
we
discussed
many
problems.
?
探究3、定语从句的注意点
Ⅰ
which和that,
that和who用法辨异
1.①Everything
(that)
he
told
me
is
true.
②They
talked
about
things
and
persons
that
they
remembered.
③This
is
the
first
book
(that)
he
has
read.
④
a.
I’ve
read
all
the
books
that
are
not
mine.
b.
This
is
the
very
book
that
belongs
to
him.
⑤Who
that
you
have
ever
seen
can
beat
him
in
chess?
⑥He
is
not
that
man
that
he
was.
2.①.
They
have
decided
to
finish
the
work
in
time,
which,
I
think,
is
a
wise
choice.
②.
Let
me
show
you
the
novel
that
I
borrowed
from
the
library
which
was
newly
open
to
us.
③.
I
have
that
which
you
gave
me.
④.
This
is
the
one
of
which
I’m
speaking.
3.①Anyone
who
comes
will
be
welcome.
②Those
who
want
to
take
part
in
the
game
write
down
your
names,
please.
③I,
who
am
your
good
friend,
will
try
my
best
to
help
you
out.
小结：
1.
通常只能用that的情况
1
当先行词是指_____的不定代词all,
much,
little,
few,
none,
,
anything,
nothing，everything等时
(something后可以用which)。
2
先行词被all,
every,
no,
some,
any,
little,
much等
修饰时。
3
先行词既指人又物_时.
4
先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
5
先行词被the
only,
the
very,
the
same,
the
last修饰时。
6
先行词是疑问词who,
what,
which时
7
先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从
句中作表语时。
2.
通常只能用which的情况
①引导非限制性定语从句修饰_物____或整个句子时。
②如果句中有两个定语从句，修饰某物时，其中一个用了that,另一个最好用which。
③先行词本身就是that时。
④先行词指物时，介词之后须用which.
3.
通常只能用who的情况
①先行词是指_人_的不定代词one,
ones,
nobody,
everyone或anyone时。
②先行词是_those___时。
③在非限制性定语从句中修饰人且做主语时。
plete
the
following
sentences
with
“that”,”who”
or
“which”.
1.This
is
the
2nd
article
_________
I
have
written
in
English.
2.
It
is
the
best
film
__________
he
has
ever
seen.
3.
This
is
the
very
book
_________
I
want
to
read.
4.
All
__________glitters
are
not
gold.
5.
They
talked
about
the
teachers
and
schools
___________
they
had
visited.
6.
Who
is
the
comrade
____________
was
there?
7.
There
is
a
bed
in
the
room
____________is
still
vacant.
8.
Our
village
is
no
longer
the
place
____________
it
used
to
be.
9.He
paid
the
boy
$10
for
washing
the
windows,
most
of
_________
hadn’t
been
cleaned
at
least
a
year.
10.
The
weather
turned
out
to
be
very
good,
____________
was
more
than
we
could
expect.
11.
The
clever
boy
made
a
hole
in
the
wall,
through
__________
he
could
see
what
was
going
on
inside
the
house.
12.Those
______
want
to
climb
the
mountain
get
up
very
early.
答案：1
that
2
that
3that
4that
5that
6that
7that(先行词在主句中作表语)
8that
9which
10which
11which
12who
5.
the
same...
as
和
the
same
...that的用法辨异.
①That’s
the
same
tool
???___?____I
used
last
week.（同类事物）
②That’s
the
same
tool
_______I
used
last
week.
那就是我上周用过的工具。（指原物）
答案：①
as
②
that
6.
the
way
做先行词时，定语从句可由that,
in
which
引导或不用引导词。
I
don’t
like
the
way
_____________________
he
spoke
to
me.
答案：that/
in
which/
不填(一般都不填）
训练案
一、Fill
the
blanks.
1.
It
was
a
cold
winter
night
__________
the
old
man
died.
2.
They
work
in
a
factory
radio
parts
are
made.
3.
The
reason
_________
she
was
upset
was
unknown.
4.
The
knife
_______
we
used
to
cut
the
bread
is
very
sharp.
5.
The
man
_____
________
he
fought
was
very
cruel
and
violent.
二、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：
1.
The
fan
is
on
the
desk.
You
want
it.
2.
The
magazine
is
mine.
He
has
taken
it
away.
3.The
man
is
in
the
next
room.
He
brought
our
textbooks
here
yesterday.
4.
The
students
will
not
pass
the
exam
.
They
don’t
study
hard.
5.
The
woman
is
our
geography
teacher.
You
saw
her
in
the
park.
6.
The
letter
is
from
my
sister.
I
received
it
yesterday.
7.
The
play
was
wonderful.
We
saw
it
last
night.
8.
The
train
was
late.
It
was
going
to
Nanning.
9.
The
boy
is
my
brother.
He
was
here
a
minute
ago.
10.
The
tree
is
quite
tall.
He
is
climbing
it.
11.
Here
is
the
girl.
Her
brother
works
in
this
shop.
12.
That’s
the
child.
We
were
looking
at
his
drawing
just
now.
13.
This
is
the
boy.
His
sister
is
a
famous
singer.
14.
I
want
to
talk
to
the
boys.
Their
homework
haven’t
been
handed
in.
15.
Is
that
the
woman?
Her
daughter
is
in
my
class.
16.
He
used
to
live
in
a
big
house.
In
front
of
it
grew
many
banana
trees.
17.
They
passed
a
factory.
At
the
back
of
the
factory
there
were
rice
fields.
18.
The
soldier
ran
to
the
building.
On
the
top
of
it
flew
a
flag.
19.
In
the
evening
they
arrived
at
a
hill.
At
the
foot
of
the
hill
there
was
a
temple.
20.
She
came
into
a
big
room.
In
the
middle
of
it
stood
a
large
table.
答案：
一、1.when
2.
where
3.
why
4
that/which/省略
5
with
whom
二、1.
The
fan
that
you
want
is
on
the
desk.
2.
The
magazine
that
he
has
taken
away
is
mine.
3.The
man
who
brought
our
textbooks
here
yesterday
is
in
the
next
room..
4.
The
students
who
don’t
study
hard
will
not
pass
the
exam
.
5.
The
woman
you
saw
in
the
park
is
our
geography
teacher.
6.
The
letter
I
received
yesterday
is
from
my
sister.
7.
The
play
we
saw
last
night
was
wonderful.
8.
The
train
that
was
going
to
Nanning
was
late.
9.
The
boy
who
was
here
a
minute
ago
is
my
brother.
10.
The
tree
that
he
is
climbing
is
quite
tall.
11.
Here
is
the
girl
whose
brother
works
in
this
shop.
12.
That’s
the
child
whose
drawing
we
were
looking
at
just
now.
13.
This
is
the
boy
whose
sister
is
a
famous
singer.
14.
I
want
to
talk
to
the
boys
whose
homework
haven’t
been
handed
in.
15.
Is
that
the
woman
whose
daughter
is
in
my
class.
16.
He
used
to
live
in
a
big
house
in
front
of
which
grew
many
banana
trees.
17.
They
passed
a
factory
at
the
back
of
which
there
were
rice
fields.
18.
The
soldier
ran
to
the
building
on
the
top
of
which
flew
a
flag.
19.
In
the
evening
they
arrived
at
a
hill
at
the
foot
of
which
there
was
a
temple.
20.
She
came
into
a
big
room
in
the
middle
of
which
stood
a
large
table.
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