2021年人教版初中英语中考动词及时态复习课件（37张PPT）

(共37张PPT)
初中英语动词时态讲解
Fun
With
English!
九年级
动词的构成
be
动词
助动词
情态动词
系动词
实义动词
be
动词
be动词的几种形式
am
is
are
was
were
being
Been
be动词的用法
与名词、数词、形容词、介词连用
I
am
a
doctor.
He
is
ten.
They
are
tired.
The
cat
is
under
the
table.
be动词的用法
There
be
句型
用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前
There
is
a
pen
on
the
desk.
There
is
some
water
in
the
glass.
用于复数名词之前
There
are
some
sheep
in
the
hill.
用于一般将来时
There
is
going
to
be
a
film
in
our
school
next
Sunday.
用于一般过去时
There
was
a
book
on
the
desk
yesterday.
注意：请根据时态和句中的名词选择适当形式。
be动词的用法
Be
动词在时态中的运用
在现在进行时中
We
are
talking.
在过去进行时中
We
were
talking
at
this
time
yesterday.
助动词
助动词的几种形式
do
/don’t
Does/
doesn’t
Did/
didn’t
will
/won’t
have
haven’t
/has
hasn’t/had
hadn’t
助动词的用法
对句子进行否定和疑问
Do
you
get
up
early
every
day?
I
didn’t
have
lunch
yesterday.
Will
you
be
back
soon?
He
hasn’t
finished
the
work
yet.
在反意疑问句中
He
works
in
a
school,
doesn’t
he?
She
has
never
been
there,has
she?
在倒装句中
They
helped
the
farmers
,
so
did
we.
I
won’t
visit
the
famous
singer,neither
will
he.
情态动词
共同特点
情态动词后面跟动词原型
无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都用情态动词
只有时态变化，没有人称变化
情态动词
解释
can
/
could
在表示请求允许的时候两者和互换，
could比can语气更委婉。
Can
I
help
you?
Could
you
open
the
window?
在表示有能力作某事时，could是can的过去式。
I
can
swim.
I
could
swim
at
the
age
of
five.
情态动词
解释
Must
/have
to
Must
表示主观意愿，否定句用Mustn’t，否定回答用needn’t
I
must
go
now.
You
mustn’t
play
in
the
street.
Must
I
clean
the
room
now?
No,you
needn’t.
have
to表示客观条件的限制的“不得不”，它有时态和人称变化，需要助动词来否定和疑问。
I
don’t
have
to
carry
the
big
box.
He
had
to
wash
his
clothes.
情态动词
解释
May
表示请求别人允许。
May
I
use
your
bike?
表示可能性。
He
may
be
a
teacher.
He
may
live
in
this
building.
系动词
我们所学过的系动词是
Get，turn，be
come，be动词
感观动词look，sound，smell，taste，feel
系动词只和形容词连用，构成系表结构
I
feel
hungry.
The
day
gets
longer
and
longer.
He
looked
happy.
实义动词
实义动词指的是有具体行为意思的动词。
实义动词在句中可以做谓语动词和非谓语动词。
做谓语动词的用法
动词会有四种形式：单三，现在分词，过去式，过去分词
实义动词
注意：掌握四种形式的变化规律
He
works
in
the
office.
We
are
dancing
together.
I
caught
a
cold
last
week.
She
has
watered
the
flower.
实义动词
做非谓语动词的用法（指出现在谓语动词之后的动词，它受前面谓语动词的限制）
动词会有三种形式：
原型(do)
动名词(doing)
不定式(to
do)
实义动词
用原型：
let
sb.do
make
sb.do
help
sb.(to)do
had
better
do
实义动词
用动名词：
like
doing
enjoy
doing
finish
doing
介词之后用动名词
be
good
at
doing
what
about
doing
thank
you
for
doing
实义动词
用不定式：
want
to
do
decide
to
do
plan
to
do
would
like
to
do
learn
to
do
tell
sb.(
not)to
do
ask
sb.(not)
to
do
实义动词
注意下列词不同形式的不同用法:
remember
doing/to
do
forget
doing/to
do
stop
doing/to
do
go
on
doing/to
do
时态
一般现在时
一般将来时
一般过去时
现在进行时
现在完成时
过去进行时
过去将来时
过去完成时
一般现在时
1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often,
usually,
always,
sometimes,
today,every
day,once
a
week,
every
five
minutes,
on
Sundays等时间状语连用,
如：
He
has
a
brother.
2.表示普遍真理.如：
The
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作
.如：Here
comes
the
train.
4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时
.
如：I'll
go
with
you
if
you
are
free
tomorrow.
一般现在时
动词碰到第三人称单数时，要加
“s”
work
->
works
辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry
->
carries
以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加“es”，如wash
->
washes
go
->
goes
do
->
does
have
->
has
一般现在时
例句
He
goes
to
school
on
foot
every
day.
We
often
have
supper
at
home.
She
doesn’t
do
her
work
every
Sunday.
现在进行时
结构：am/is/are
+
动词的-ing形式
用法：
1.表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用时间状语有:now,at
the
moment
等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中,与
look,
listen连用.
eg.
Are
you
writing
a
letter
to
your
father
at
the
moment?
Listen!
She
is
singing
in
the
next
room.
2.表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作.
eg.
They
are
planting
trees
these
days.
3.表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come,
go,
leave,
arrive,
start,
see等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用.
eg.
They
are
leaving
for
Australia
tomorrow
afternoon.
注意:
某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如
love,
like,
prefer,
hate,
see,
know等一般不用现在进行时.
eg.
Lucy
prefers
art
to
science.
现在进行时
一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态
结构：
助动词shall/will
+
动词原形（shall一般用于主语是第一人称时，
Will是英语任何主语。）
肯定式:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他
否定式:主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他.
疑问式:Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其他
简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+shall/will
.
(否)No,主语+shall/will+not
…
缩写形式:
'll
==shall/will
shan't==
shall
not
won't
==
will
not
用法:
1.
表示将要发生的动作或情况,常用时间状语有:
later
(on),
soon,
in
a
month,
next
time,
from
now
on,
tomorrow等.
如.
I
shall
be
eighteen
years
old
next
year.
2.表示某种必然的趋势
如Fish
will
die
without
water.
解析：
1.
在以第一人称为主语的问句中,常用
shall
表示提议和询问情况,在以第二
人称作主语的问句中,用will
表示请求.
如.
Where
shall
we
have
the
meeting?
Will
you
please
lend
me
your
pen?
一般将来时
2.当主语是第一人称时,用will
表示意愿.决心.允诺.命令等.
如
I
will
give
you
an
English--Chinese
dictionary
for
your
birthday.
3.在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时.
如
Tom
will
write
to
me
when
he
gets
there.
4.be
going
to
+动词原形也可表示将来时.
(1).表示主观意愿.打算等.
eg.
He's
going
to
learn
English
next
term.
(2).根据已有迹象,可能要发生的情况
eg.
Look
at
the
black
clouds!
----It
is
going
to
rain.
一般将来时
一般过去时
一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时通常由动词的过
去式表示。
结构：
1.动词的第一、三人称单数用was,其他人称用were,其肯定式,否定式,
疑问式和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。
2.行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种,
规则动词的过去式是在动
词后加-d或-ed,不规则动词参照不规则动词表,需要专门记忆。
肯定式:主语+动词的过去式
+
其他
如：I
got
up
at
six
this
morning.
否定式:主语
+
did
not
+
动词原形
+
其他
如：John
didn't
live
here
last
year.
疑问式:Did
+
主语
+
动词原形
+
其他
如：Did
you
see
him
a
moment
ago?
简略回答.(肯)Yes,
主语
+did
(否)No
,
主语
+
didn't.
用法：
1.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态.
如.My
father
was
at
work
yesterday.
2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often,always
等表示频度的
时间状语连用.
如，He
always
went
to
work
by
bus
last
summer.
一般过去时
3.和when等连词引导的状语从句连用.
如.When
she
reached
home,
she
had
a
short
rest.
4.常与表示过去的时间状语,
如…
ago,
yesterday,
last
week,
in
the
old
days,
when
I
was
five
years
old,
in
1995
等连用.
如They
began
the
work
two
months
ago.
Were
you
born
in
1981?
Yes,
I
was.
一般过去时
现在完成时
动词变化
动词变成过去分词加ed
Play
->
played
辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry
->
carried
重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ed
stop
->
stopped
不规则动词见书后动词表
动词由have（has）+
过去分词
构成
现在完成时
表示动作已经完成
He
has
left
.
I
have
already
had
a
rest.
表示动作不仅已经完成，还要持续（在这个用法当中，动词要用延续性动词，与for引导的一段时间和since引导的短语连用）
He
has
been
away
for
two
days.
I
have
already
taught
in
this
school
since
1990.
The
bird
has
been
dead
for
a
month.
We
have
made
lots
of
friends
since
we
came
here.
过去进行时
指在过去的某一个时间正在发生的动作。
时间状语
at
this
time
yesterday
at
five
o’clock
yesterday
afternoon
动词由be动词+动词ing形式构成
例句
He
was
watching
TV
at
this
time
yesterday.
过去将来时
指对过去的某一个时间来讲，将要发生的动作。
动词由would+动词原型构成。
例句
He
would
go
to
the
park
the
next
day.
He
said
he
would
work
hard
next
term.
过去完成时
指对过去的某一个时间来讲，已经发生的动作。
动词由had+过去分词构成。
例句
she
had
borrowed
a
book
before
she
went
to
the
park.
We
had
learned
many
new
words
by
the
end
of
last
term.