2021年英中考写作提高训练课件（共38张PPT）

书面表达--高分冲刺篇
By Peggy
中考写作考察什么？
考生能力
1.理解能力 2.思维能力 3.综合分析能力 4.运用语言知识的能力
5.用英语组词造句，连句成篇的能力 6.书写能力
考生英语基础知识
1. 词类及用法常识 2. 句法功能 3. 动词时态用法
4. 动词不定式及动名词的用法 5. 情态动词的用法 6. 形容词和副词的用法
7. 主谓一致 8. 被动语态 9. 从句的用法
中考写作怎么破？
认真审题：
弄清楚该题目究竟要表达什么，明确写作要点、要求，选好人称、时态、文体。??
语言地道：
尽量使用你初中读本中学过的句式、句型、常用的短语、习惯用法。表达要正确。??
避繁就简：
理解脉络，抓住重点。确保使用有把握的词汇和句型，同时注意文章的连贯性。??
仔细检查：
复核全文，注意时态、语态、人称是否上下文一致，单词是否有单复数的错误，拼写的错误，字数是否达到要求等。
你可以做的有效改变
熟悉写作体裁
句子拓展
词库更新
别忽略文章体裁告诉你的事
记叙文、说明文：时间顺序
讲述一个故事或一系列事件或叙述一件事的程序或步骤时，通常按事件发生的时间先后顺序描写
议论文：空间顺序
议论文往往要根据题材和主题需要，按照现象—问题—原因—对策（或建议）的分析和解决思路
别忽略文章体裁告诉你的事
记叙文——5个“W” 1个“H”
Who What Where When Why How
议论文和说明文—— 2个“W ” 1个“H”
What---提出观点（中心句）
Why---论述观点（正反面或者多个方面）
How---如何做（围绕观点，说明要求）
What---总结全文（收尾呼应）
句子拓展(有效说“废话”）
句子分为三个部分：句首；句中；句尾。这三个部分原理上都可以无限拓展。
?句子开头有五种方法：It句型，what句型，there be句型，感彩词，让步开头句
（1）It句型：
It is +过去分词+that....(过去分词：admitted, acknowledged, accepted，agreed, said）
It is +形容词+that...(形容词：certain, evident, obvious, important, well-known)
It+谓语动词+that...(谓语部分：happens, occurs to me, turns out)
It is +名词+that...(名词：time, a pity, a great honor)
拓句实战：
Environment protection has gained popularity. 环保渐受欢迎。
It is admitted that environment protection has gained popularity.
It is obvious that environment protection has gained popularity.
句子拓展
（2）There be句型：
There is no doubt that...
There is possibility that...
实战：The world climate has been changing in recent years. 世界气候近年来一直都在变化着
There is no doubt that the world climate has been changing in recent years.毫无疑问，世界气候近年来一直都在变化着.
(其实这些还可以更简洁，如接下来要说的）
句子拓展
（3）感彩的副词24个
可不要小瞧这类词的存在，它们往往可以给一个没有生气的句子赋予情感
Undoubtedly (=there is no doubt that...)
Admittedly (=It is admitted that...)
obviously (=it is obvious that...)
Amazingly enough...令人惊异的是……
Ironically... 具有讽刺意味的是……（这个是四级词汇，用在对比比较大的较合适）
interestingly, fortunately, frankly, luckily, most importantly, strangely enough, naturally, unexpectedly, surprisingly
以上是修饰整个句子的，还有几个是专门修饰动词的，有：
exactly, extremely, seriously, hardly, deeply, absolutely, completely, mainly, greatly
句子拓展
（4）what句型
实际上和it句型可以相互转换的，总体上都属于名词性从句，多为：What ...is that...结构。
e.g. What is certain, though, is that 'the curse of the mummy' remains a riddle to this day.
但是，有一点可以肯定， ‘木乃伊的诅咒’至今还是个谜。
=It is certain that...
句子拓展
（5）让步倒装句
因为前面的句子多为状语或状语从句，而状从太多了，实际上，各种状语从句都可以在句首拓展句子，这里主要说一种。
写建议句或客观描述状态时，脑子里可以预置一个“尽管……” ：
我们刻苦学习。
尽管天气非常恶劣，我们还一如既往刻苦学习。
e.g.老师很耐心体贴 Teachers are patient and considerate.
Disappointed as I felt at the shabby campus and the poorly-equipped classroom, I found the teachers patient and considerate.
尽管面对简陋的校园和设备不完善的教室，我感到很失望，但老师却很耐心体贴。
句子拓展
句中拓展有两种方法
定义法（同位语、定从），插入语（感彩词等）
1）定义法
很多时候，你需要对某个名词进行解释，因为老外（英语作文本质上是给老外看的）可能并不知道“它”。
举个例子：武功山吸引了很多人。这就有问题了，因为“武功山”到底是什么东西？因此就需这样写：
Wugong Mountain, a mountain which is well-known for her scenery, attracts thousands of visitor every year.
句子拓展
但有时候不一定用同位语，直接用定语从句，例如：
For another, these jobs, which are worth our enthusiasm and respect, also provide a chance to realize our value or fulfill our dreams.
另一方面，这些值得我们付出热情和尊重的工作，也为我们实现自己的价值和理想提供了机会。
总结一下这个规律：
N, 同位语（定语从句或介词短语或非谓语动词），谓语
（2）插入语：感彩词
这个和前面说的感彩的副词24个句首拓展是一个道理。这些副词有时放在句中似乎更好看一些。
句子拓展
句尾拓展有三种方法
（1）状语（从句）拓展
（2）反向拓展：否则
（3）意犹未尽法：the+比较级；谚语名言
句尾拓展是最常见的方法，这是英语句子的一大特点。一般来讲，西方人语言表达的顺序和中国人语言表达的顺序有较大的差异。
我们汉语说：如果你明天来的话，我就去机场接你。
但是，西方人却往往这样表达：I will meet you at the airport, if you come tomorrow.
换句话说，西方人往往习惯把语义重点（在此例中亦即主句）放在前面说，然后用好多从句或修饰成分来补充信息。这在英语上叫圆周句或掉尾句，属于修辞手法之一。
句子拓展
句尾拓展有很多，所有状语从句都可以放在后面拓展，这里重点讲三种。
（1）表示因果、条件的拓展先考虑用现在分词结构，然后再考虑用because, since, as long as, if之类：
简单点说就是，你每写一个句子，请思考：
这件事（主句就是表达一件事），有什么结果？好还是坏？
这件事是什么原因导致的？
这件事在什么条件下会发生？
第一种设想会有这个句型：
SVO, doing…/which does…(例如making…; allowing…; enabling…; worsening…)
第二、三种：
SVO, if…/ as long as…/ on the condition that…(在..条件下）/ in case / so that…
e.g. 我的同学很懒。 那么，你就要想：导致了什么结果? 句子就有了：
My friend Tom is very lazy, ending up as a loser eventually.
你还可以继续想，为什么他懒？句子就长了：
My friend Tom is very lazy for lack of confidence, ending up as a loser eventually.
句子拓展
(2)反向拓展
有时，我们考场时写出一个句子后，突然卡壳了，譬如提一个建议，然后就没的写了。这时候，你可以用otherwise来拓展。
比如你给朋友说：You’d better work out regularly.后面，你怎么也想不出如何写了，那么就这样来:
You’d better work out regularly. Otherwise, you would not build up your health and all your efforts would be in vain（白费）.
句子拓展
(3) 意犹未尽法：the+比较级；谚语名言
假如你提出一个建议，或描述一个现象后，不要停，可以让这句话在内涵的程度上加深。
比如你写：You should read many novels in English。
那么你可以写，你读的越多，你取得的进步就越大：
The more you read, the greater progress you will make.
如果你的记忆库里还有很多谚语名言的话，也可以拿出来。诸如：Practice makes perfect.
e.g. Therefore, the more petrol and electricity we consume, the more carbon we are letting off.
因此，我们消耗越多的汽油和电，我们释放的碳越多
实战演练（拓句）：
污染问题:Various forms of pollution bothers the city deeply.
子女和父母应该如何更好地相处？They should communicate with each other.
It is admitted universally that various forms of pollution such as air pollution and noise pollution bothers the city deeply, making it difficult for people to live a normal daily life.
Anxious though parents are to know their children, they should communicate with each other patiently and sincerely, which can help bridge the generation gap. The more they share, the better they get along.
词库更新---9个魔法词域
1.我有我的想法：
最普通的词汇：think
?这样替换：I hold the opinion/view that parents should not do everything for their children.我认为，父母不应该为孩子包办一切。
?I take the attitude that.../assume that…
I am convinced that only in this way can we livein harmony with each other.
词库更新---9个魔法词域
大家一起认为：
It is widely shared that parents should not do everything for their children.
Itis universally acknowledged that parents should not do everything for their children.
When it comes to me, …说到我，……
As far as I am concerned, …就我而言，……
认为的另一种表达方式：
反对（不认为）：object to, be opposed to
试一试：有人认为金钱就是一切。我强烈反对。
Some assume that money is everything. I strongly object to it.
词库更新---9个魔法词域
2. 谈谈重要性
最普通的词汇：important
句型一：be critical/essential/indispensable/vital to
句型二：be of great importance
句型三：play a decisive/critical/essential role in
句型四：become a top priority
试一试：沟通的方式对于父母与孩子的关系非常重要。
Communication method plays an essential role in the relationship between parents and children.
词库更新---9个魔法词域
重要意味着必要，于是有了：
做某事很有必要。
句型一：It is imperative for us to do…
句型二：It is about/high time that we did…
翻译：
确实应该采取有些的措施减少全球变暖的负面影响。
It is imperative to take effective measures to reduce the negative effect of global warming.
词库更新---9个魔法词域
3. 越来越多的……
最普通的：More and more
应该这样用：
An increasing number of people are aware of the problem.越来越多的人意识到这个问题。
Enjoy an increasing popularity
词库更新---9个魔法词域
4. 关于问题，不得不说的
最普通：problem
可能被替换的: headache, crisis, disaster, the focus of people’s concern
e.g. Pollution has become the focus of people’s concern.
污染越来越成为人们的关注的焦点问题。
“问题”的其它玩法：
（1）pose a threat to…给……带来危险
举例：Smoking has posed a threat to our health.
（2）别老用cause，好不好
give rise to, result in, lead to, trigger(负面), create, contribute to, be responsible for
His carelessness is responsible for his failure.?
What leads to the problem?
词库更新---9个魔法词域
（3）问题加重了还是减轻了
减轻问题
Ease/alleviate/reduce the problem
加重问题
Make the problem worse
Complicate the problem
go from bad to worse
试一试: 1. 人类活动引起了各种环境问题。
这个国家日益增长的收入差别（income gap）给政府带来了严重的问题。
Human beings’ activities have created a variety of problems.
The country’s increasing income gap has posed a threat to
the government.
词库更新---9个魔法词域
4. 倒车，请注意……
最普通的：pay attention to
attach importance to, place emphasis on，devote much attention to
注意可以用被动
It is widely acknowledged that much importance should be attached to doing small things/ students’ pressure.
词库更新---9个魔法词域
5.你总是in order to，这又是何必？
试一试：for the purpose of, for the sake of
For the sake of benefiting citizens, our government adopted effective measures to put much emphasis on education.
For the purpose of promoting people’s awareness of…, the government should do…
词库更新---9个魔法词域
6. 少壮不努力，老大徒悲伤
最普通的：Try to do
建议用：make every effort to..
make a pains-taking effort to…,
commit oneself to doing…
spare no effort to…
The more,….the more…
翻译：好好学习，天天向上。
Make every effort to study and make progress every day.?
The more you learn, the more confident you are.
词库更新---9个魔法词域
7. 机会总是给有准备的人
普通词：prepare for
建议用：pave the way for , lay a solid foundation for为了……打下了基础
Our effort will without doubt lay a solid foundation for a bright future.
无疑，我们的努力为我们美好的未来打下了基础。
词库更新---9个魔法词域
8. 影响深远之类的废话
普通词：influence
建议：have a far-reaching（深远的） impact on, exert an overwhelming influence on（施加压倒性的影响）
9. 有图有说法
Just as the picture depicts（描述）, ...
还有：depict , reflect, indicate（预示）, reveal（揭示）
引起思考：provoke us into thinking that…
词库更新
55个高分替换词：
1. want(想) →?intend to
2. famous(著名的)→well-known；outstanding
3. important(重要的) →crucial；significant；essential
4. remember(记得)→?bear in mind that
5. cause(导致)→contribute to；give rise to；lead to；result in
6. helpful(有用的)→?beneficial; rewarding
7. many(许多)→numerous；a number of; quite a few; numerous; myriad; infinite
8. beautiful(美丽的) →attractive；eye-catching；appealing；charming
9. improve(提高)→enhance；promote；strengthen
10. finish (完成) → complete；fulfill；accomplish；achieve
词库更新
11. serious(严重的)→severe
12. develop (发展，培养)→cultivate；nurture
13. keep (保持)→ preserve；maintain；hold ; retain
14. solve (解决)→resolve；settle；cope with；deal with
15. cheap(便宜的)→economical；inexpensive
16. difficult(困难的)→challenging
17. job(工作)→ career；profession ?
18. because(因为)→ due to；in that；for the reason that；now that
19. very(非常)→extremely；highly；profoundly
20. happy(高兴的)→delighted；pleased ;elated; glad; overjoyed; jubilant; merry; joyful
词库更新
21. clever(聪明的)→brilliant；intelligent; knowledgeable; intellectual;? excellent; bright; smart
22. bad(不好的)→?awful; terrible
23. only(仅仅)→?merely; barely
24. so (因此)→ therefore；consequently；as a result
25. and(和)→as well as；along with；in addition
26. clear(明显的)→obvious；apparent；evident
27. meeting(会议)→conference
28. problem(问题)→issue；dilemma
29. happen(发生)→occur；take place；come about
30. show(显示)→indicate; reveal
词库更新
31. get(得到)→acquire；attain；obtain；gain
32. think of sth.(想到) →?sth. occur to sb.
33. in fact(事实上)→as a matter of fact
34. usually(通常地)→more often than not
35. join(参加)→take part in; participate in
36. thank(感谢)→appreciate
37. consider(考虑)→take account of
38. ignore(忽视)→neglect; pay no attention to
39. like(喜欢)→be fond of; be keen on; be attached to
40.Poor(贫穷的)→needy;?impoverished;?poverty-stricken?
词库更新
41.rich(富裕的)→wealthy;?affluent;?well-to-do;?well-off?
42.excellent(优秀的)→eminent;?top;?outstanding?
43.good(积极的，好的)→conducive;?beneficial=advantageous?
44.forever?(永远)?→infinity; eternal; timeless; everlasting，undying; endless; changeless; perpetually
45.obvious(明显的)→apparent;?evident; manifest?
46.healthy(健康的)→robust;?sound;?wholesome?
47.surprising(惊人的)→amazing;?extraordinary;?miraculous?
49.energetic(有活力的)→dynamic;?vigorous; animated?
50.popular(流行的)→prevailing;?prevalent=?pervasive?
词库更新
51.Big?(大的)→gigantic; massive; colossal; enormous; immense; tremendous; titanic; giant; vast; large; huge; monster; bulky
52.ease(减轻)→alleviate;?relieve;?lighten?
53. tired(劳累的)→exhausted
54.destroy(拆除)→tear?down;?knock?down;?eradicate
55.encourage(激发，鼓励)→motivate;?stimulate;?spur