连词
教学目标：掌握连词的基本词义和用法。
熟练运用并列连词和从属连词来描述事物，行为。
教学难点：熟练运用并列连词和从属连词
教学步骤：
一．连词的含义：
连接词与词、短语与短语、或引导从句的词叫连接词。
二．连词的分类：连词分为并列连接词和从属连接词两种。
(一.)并列连接词连接并列的词、短语、从句或句子。
常见的并列连接词有：and(和),but(但是),or(或者,否则),nor(也不),
so(所以),
however(然而,无论如何),for(因为),still(可是),as
well
as(也),both..and...(...和...),
not
only
...but
also...(不但…而且…),
either…
or…(或…或…),neither…
nor…(既不…也不…)等。
1．表示平行或对等关系
and和both...and...两者都……
neither...nor...既不……也不……
not
only...but(also)．..不但……而且……
when就在这时，突然……
Hold
on
to
your
dream，and
one
day
it
may
just
come
true.
坚持你的梦想，总有一天它会实现。
Yesterday
evening
I
was
playing
the
piano
when
the
doorbell
rang.
昨天晚上，当门铃响的时候我正在弹钢琴
2．表示转折关系
but但是 yet然而 while然而
while常用来表示前后鲜明的对比
It's
a
beautiful
place，but
there
were
so
many
people
there
that
I
couldn‘t
find
a
proper
place
to
take
photos.
它是一个漂亮的地方，但是有太多的人以至于我不能找到合适的位置拍照。
3．表示选择关系
or或者；否则
or
else否则
not...but...不是……而是……
either...or...或者……或者……
在并列的否定句中，用or代替and构成完全否定，
如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，用and而不用or连接。
When
you
are
learning
English，use
it，or
you
will
lose
it.
当你学英语的时候，要用它，否则你就会丢了它。
The
shoes
don't
fit
me.
They're
either
big
or
small.
这些鞋不适合我，它们不是大就是小。
4．表示因果推理关系
for因为，此时它引导的从句只能位于句尾，前面用逗号隔开。
so所以，I
get
up
late
so
I
am
late
for
school.
（二.）从属连接词用于引导从句。
常见的从属连接词有：when(当…时候),
while(正当…时候),
after(在…之后),
before(在…之前),
since(自从),
until(直到),
although/though(虽然),
if(假如),
as(如…一样；由于),
as
…as…(和…一样),
as
far
as(就…而言),
as
long
as(只要),
as
soon
as(一…就…),
even
if(即使),
because(因为),
unless
(除非),
than(比…),
whether
(是否…),
in
order
that…(为了),
so…that…(如此…以致),
so
that…(以便),
now
that…(现在既然),
by
the
time…(到…时候),
every
time…(每当),
as
if…(仿佛),no
matter
when(或whenever)(无论何时),no
matter
where(或wherever)(无论在哪里)等。
1．引导名词性从句的主要有that(无词义，可省略)，
if和whether:whether可与or
not连用，它们在句中不作成分，
在ask，wonder，not
know,
want
to
know，not
be
sure等后
常用whether或if从句，而不用that从句。
The
foreigner
asked
me
if
I
could
speak
English.
那个外国人问我是否会讲英语。
2．引导时间状语从句的主要有when，while，as，after，before，
until/till，since，as
soon
as等。
I
arrived
at
the
airport
after
the
plane
had
taken
off.
飞机起飞后我到达了飞机场。
It
is
three
years
since
we
met
each
other.
3．引导原因状语从句的主要有because，since，as等。
More
and
more
kids
become
unhappy
because
they
have
too
many
activities
to
do.
越来越多的孩子变得不开心，因为他们有太多活动要参加。
4．引导条件状语从句的主要有if，unless，once等。
当从句中需用一般将来时的时候，总是用一般现在时表将来。
The
sports
meeting
will
continue
unless
it
rains
this
afternoon.
除非下午下雨，否则运动会会继续。
5．引导目的状语从句的主要有so
that，in
order
that等。
6．引导让步状语从句的主要有even
if，even
though，
(although)
though等。
（although
比though更正式。）
The
story
is
hard
to
understand
though
there
are
no
new
words
in
it.
尽管里面没有生词，这篇短文还是很难理解。
7．引导地点状语从句的主要有where,wherever等。
8．引导比较状语从句的主要有than，as等，
在as
(so)．..as中，后一个as是连词，引导比较状语从句。
Do
you
think
that
art
is
as
interesting
as
music?
你认为美术和音乐一样有趣吗？
9．引导方式状语从句的主要有as，as
if，as
though等。
but和(although)
though不能同时出现在一个句子中。
10．引导结果状语从句的主要有so，so
that，
so...that...，
such...that...等。
The
mountain
was
so
steep
that
few
people
in
our
city
reached
the
top.
这座山如此陡峭以至于我们市很少有人能爬到顶峰。
(三)易混连词［辨析］
because、as、since、for的用法：
because(因为)表示原因的语气最强,常表示必然的因果关系,从句一般放在主句后面；另外,回答why的问句只能用because.
as(因为)表示一般的因果关系,语气比because弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾。
since(既然)表示对方已经知道、无需加以说明的原因或事实。
for(因为)是并列连词,语气较弱,用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释,不用于句首
。
如：He
is
not
at
school
today
because
he
is
seriously
ill.
（他今天没有上学因为他病得厉害）/
As
all
of
you
have
got
here,
now,
let’s
go
to
the
zoo.
（既然大伙儿都到了我们就去动物园吧）/
I
will
ask
Lin
Tao
to
go
with
me
since
you
are
very
busy.
（既然你很忙我就叫林涛和我一起去吧）/
We
must
be
off
now
for
the
match
starts
at
7：00.
（我们得走了因为比赛在七点开始）
if、whether的区别：表示“是否”时,if和whether同义,引导宾语从句。
whether还可以引导主语从句、表语从句(以及同位语从句)等名词性从句或者让步状语从句；
if还可以表示“如果”,引导条件状语从句,(主句与从句遵循主将从现的原则)。
如：I
don’t
know
if/whether
he
will
arrive
on
time.
（我不知道他是不是会按时到达）/
I
will
ring
you
up
if
he
arrives
on
time.
（如果他按时到达我会给你打电话的）
[注意]下列情况只能用whether不能用if：①引导主语从句,②引导表语从句,③引导从句作介词宾语,④引导不定式短语,⑤引导让步状语从句,⑥在动词discuss之后,⑦在wonder
/
not
sure之后,⑧在if与whether含义易混时。
如：Whether
it
is
a
fine
day
next
Sunday
is
still
a
question.
（下个星期天是不是个好天还是个问题）(引导主语从句)
/
Please
ask
him
whether
to
go
there
with
a
raincoat
or
not.
（请问一下带不带雨衣去那儿）(作动词的宾语)
/
Hainan
is
the
place
to
go,
whether
it’s
summer
or
winter.
（海南是个该去的地方无论冬夏）(引导让步状语从句)/
Please
let
me
know
whether
you
need
my
help.
（请告诉我你是否需要我的帮助）(引导宾语从句)(如果换成if则还可能表示“如果你需要我的帮助请告知”)
while、when、as的用法区别
while常表示一个较长的动作,它引导的从句动作与主句的动作是同时发生的、是平行的；
when可以表示较短的动作也可以表示较长的动作,主句和从句的动作可以同时发生也可以先后发生；
as与上两词同义,可替换while和when,
表示主句和从句的动作同时发生,常译为“一边……一边……”。
如：Please
do
not
trouble
me
while
I
am
writing
my
homework.
（我写作业时请不要打扰我）/
I’ll
go
home
when
I
have
finished
my
job.（我干完了活儿就回去）/
They
were
running
quickly
across
the
road
when
they
heard
the
sound
of
a
truck
coming.
（他们正快速地穿过马路忽然听到了卡车开来的声音）/
As
we
walked
in
the
dark
street,
we
sang
songs
and
talked
loudly.
（当我们在黑洞洞的街上走路时我们高声地唱歌说话）
till/until与not…till/until的区别：前者表示一个延续性的动作,后者表示一个才开始的动作。
如：I
will
stay
here
and
watch
the
baby
until
you
return.
（我会呆在这里看着娃娃直到你回来）(stay这个动作一直进行到你return)
/
They
won’t
go
on
working
until
they
get
what
they
think
is
reasonable.（他们要到获得了他们认为合理的东西时才会继续干下去的）
另外till与until基本可以互换,但是在句首时只能用until,不能用till.
如：Until
the
last
minute
of
the
match
we
kept
playing.
（我们坚持到比赛的最后一分钟）/
Not
until
he
had
finished
his
work
did
he
go
home.
（直到做完工作他才回家）（倒装句）
though与although的区别：两个词都表示“虽然”,均不可以与but同时使用,但在句中可加still或yet连用。
although“尽管、虽然”仅作连词,比较正式,一般可以换为though；
though“虽然、尽管、即使”,还可以与even连用(=even
if),表示“即使、纵然”,作副词时意思是“然而、不过”,不能放在句首。
如：He
passed
the
exams
although
illness
prevented
him
from
going
to
classes.（尽管疾病使他无法上课但是他还是通过了考试）/
she
won’t
leave
the
TV
set,even
though
her
husband
is
waiting
for
her
for
the
supper.（她不愿离开电视机虽然丈夫在等她吃饭）/
It
was
a
quiet
party.
I
had
a
good
time,
though.
（这是个不热闹的聚会尽管如此我还是玩得很开心）
prefer
to…rather
than…与prefer…to…的区别：
prefer
to…rather
than…后面都是用动词原形；
prefer…to…都是用动名词或名词。
如：I
prefer
English
to
Japanese.（与日语相比我更喜欢英语）/
I
prefer
to
learn
English
rather
than
learn
Japanese.
（与日语相比我更喜欢学英语）
教学反思：
练习：连词练习题
一.
填空。
_______
the
girl
is
only
six
years
old
,
she
knows
more
than
300
ancient
Chinese
poems.
The
dress
was
very
expensive
,
_______
I
didn’t
buy
it.
----Do
you
know
_____
I
could
pass
the
exam
?
----Sorry
,
I’ve
no
idea.
----Is
David
at
school
today?----No.He
is
at
home
____
he
has
a
bad
cold.
____Lucy____Lily
may
go
with
you
,
because
one
of
them
must
stay
at
home.
Study
hard
____
you
are
sure
to
have
a
good
result
in
the
exam.
----Where
would
you
like
to
go
tomorrow
,
Beijing
or
Xi’an
?----_____
is
OK.It’s
up
to
you.
----I
wonder
____
Jane
gets
on
so
well
with
her
classmates.----Because
she
always
cares
much
about
others.
----Which
show
do
you
prefer
,
Running
Man
or
The
Reader?----The
Reader,
of
course.
_____
I
____
my
brother
like
it.
----What
would
you
like
,
meat
or
fish
?----_____.
I
prefer
chicken.
二.
单项选择。
----Will
you
go
to
the
picnic
this
Saturday
?----I’d
like
to,
_____I’ll
have
to
help
look
after
my
baby
sister
.
but
B.on
C.and
D.so
A
better
future
is
the
goal
of
the
Chinese
people
,
____it’s
also
the
common
interest
of
the
world.
so
B.and
C.
or
D.
but
----Be
quick
,
______
we’ll
fail
to
catch
the
school
bus.----Don’t
worry
.
It
‘s
only
seven
o’clock
now
.
We
still
have
enough
time
.
A
.and
B.
but
C.or
D.so
----What
do
you
think
of
the
new
movie
Wandering
Earth
(《流浪地球》)？
----It’s
_____
wonderful
_____I
really
like
it.
A.so
;
that
B.
such
;
that
C.
too
;
to
D.enough
;
to
5.Tony
was
drawing
a
picture
_____
I
was
doing
my
homework.
A.if
B.because
C.
while
D.until
6.You
can
surf
the
Internet
_____
you
want
to
know
about
the
2020
World
Middle
School
Game
.
A.
until
B.
after
C.if
7.You
mustn’t
drive
a
car
on
the
road
_____
you
get
a
driver’s
license.
A.unless
B.if
C.
since
8.-----There
is
always
a
smile
on
your
face
.
Isn’t
there
any
trouble
in
your
life
?
-----Yes
,
there
is
.
But
life
is
like
a
mirror.
______you
smile
at
it
,
it
will
smile
back.
A.When
B.Before
C.Until
D.After
9.The
old
man
leads
a
simple
life
,
_____he
has
a
lot
of
wealth.
A.although
B.so
C.unless
D.because
10.You
will
still
miss
the
flight
_____
you
catch
a
Didi
car.
A.even
if
B.as
if
C.until
D.before
