高中英语高考语法专题复习： 从句和句式课件（199张ppt）

(共199张PPT)
第四部分　句法篇—从句与句式
语法专题
经典品味　洞察考向
专题精析　考点突破
精选模拟　强化训练
考查定语从句关系代词的用法。先行词为指物的mountain
tops
and
dark
waters，关系词在从句中作主语，因此答案为that/which。
考点一　定语从句
Ⅰ.语法填空考点聚焦
考向1　关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
I’d
skipped
nearby
Guilin，a
dream
place
for
tourists
seeking
the
limestone
mountain
tops
and
dark
waters
of
the
Li
River
are
pictured
by
artists
in
so
many
Chinese
paintings.(全国Ⅰ)
典题
试做
that/which
答案
解析
根据句子结构可以判断，在这里应填关系词来引导一个定语从句，修饰表地点的先行词the
market，故填关系副词where。
考向2　“介词＋whom/which”或关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
1.When
harvest
came
around，he
was
already
selling
herbs，vegetables
and
cotton
in
the
market
people
from
the
towns
met
regularly.(广东)
答案
解析
where
此处是一个定语从句，缺少关系代词，因为先行词为other
people，指的是人，而且与介词to连用，所以填whom。
2.Behind
him
were
other
people
to
______
he
was
trying
to
talk，but
after
some
minutes
they
walked
away
and
sat
near
me，looking
annoyed.
(广东)
答案
解析
whom
考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是表示时间的the
mid-1980s，且从句中缺少状语，故填关系副词when。
考向3　关系代词或关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句
1.But
my
connection
with
pandas
goes
back
to
my
days
on
a
TV
show
in
the
mid-1980s,
I
was
the
first
Western
TV
reporter
permitted
to
film
a
special
unit
caring
for
pandas
rescued
from
starvation
in
the
wild.(全国Ⅰ)
答案
解析
when
考查定语从句的引导词。后面是非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，且在从句中作主语，故填who。
2.Some
people
think
that
the
great
Chinese
scholar
Confucius，____
lived
from
roughly
551
to
479
B.C.，influenced
the
development
of
chopsticks.(全国Ⅲ)
答案
解析
who
由逗号可知此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子所表述的内容，故用which引导。
3.Of
course
whenever
they
turned
to
look
at
him，they
had
to
look
at
Mary，
made
her
feel
like
a
star.(广东)
答案
解析
which
句法错误。分析句子结构可知，dishes后跟的是定语从句，what不能引导定语从句，应用that/which引导。引导词在定语从句中作cooked的宾语，可以省略，因此也可以把what删除。
Ⅱ.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)
考向1　限制性定语从句中关系代词与关系副词的误用
The
dishes
what
I
cooked
were
Mom’s
favorite.(四川)
which/that
或The
dishes
what
I
cooked
were
Mom’s
favorite.
答案
解析
考查定语从句。which可以引导非限制性定语从句，that不可。
考向2　非限制性定语从句中关系代词的误用
Having
tea
in
the
late
afternoon
provides
a
bridge
between
lunch
and
dinner，that
might
not
be
served
until
8
o’clock
at
night.
(新课标全国Ⅱ)
答案
解析
which
此处考查which引导的定语从句，which在从句中作主语，从句是主系表结构，句子成分齐全，for在此处多余，故应删除。
考向3　“介词＋关系代词”的错用、多余或遗漏
1.Third，we
should
find
ways
to
reuse
the
water
used
in
washing，especially
bath
water
for
which
is
quite
a
lot，and
that
will
save
much
water.(大纲全国Ⅱ)
答案
解析
考查非限制性定语从句中“代词＋of＋关系代词”，因关系词指人，并且作of的宾语，只能用whom，不能用who。
2.There，Katia
will
introduce
me
to
some
of
her
friends，one
of
who
has
been
to
China
several
times.I
just
can’t
wait.(重庆)
答案
解析
whom
分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知，这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度。空格后为形容词，因此空格上应用副词，故填how。
考点二　名词性从句
Ⅰ.语法填空考点聚焦
考向1　宾语从句中的连接词
1.As
natural
architects，the
Pueblo
Indians
figured
out
exactly
____
thick
the
adobe
walls
needed
to
be
to
make
the
cycle
work
on
most
days.
(全国Ⅱ)
答案
解析
how
考查宾语从句中的连接词。“我”不知道/不明白
会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因，故用why引导。
2.I
didn’t
understand
this
would
happen
and
my
credit
card
had
already
been
charged
for
the
reservation.(广东)
答案
解析
why
所填词引导宾语从句，同时在从句中作do的宾语，故填what。
3.The
new
boy
looked
at
the
teacher
for
a
few
seconds
and
all
the
other
students
wondered
the
boy
would
do.(广东)
答案
解析
what
考向2　主语从句中的连接词(近几年未考)
考向3　表语从句中的连接词(近几年未考)
考向4　同位语从句中的连接词(近几年未考)
考查宾语从句的连接词。由句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺少地点状语。故用where引导。
Ⅱ.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)
考向1　连接词的错用
1.My
uncle
is
the
owner
of
a
restaurant
close
to
that
I
live.(全国Ⅰ)
答案
解析
where
句意为：……他转过身发现父母不见了。由句意可知，宾语从句句意完整，所以应该用that引导从句或省略。
2.After
looking
at
the
toy
for
some
time，he
turned
around
and
found
where
his
parents
were
missing.(全国Ⅱ)
that
或After
looking
at
the
toy
for
some
time，he
turned
around
and
found
where
his
parents
were
missing.
答案
解析
考查表语从句。improve既可以作及物动词又可以作不及物动词，故可以为“我需要提高的地方(where)”，也可以为“我需要提高的内容(what)”。
3.This
is
how
I
need
to
improve
in
the
future.(大纲全国)
答案
解析
what/where
考查表语从句中的连接词。what作say的宾语，指其他老师说话的内容。
4.“He
has
ruined
his
health.We
are
worried
about
him.”That
is
which
other
teachers
say.(辽宁)
答案
解析
what
考查宾语从句中的连接词。that后为陈述式的宾语从句，作notice的宾语，从句中不缺成分，因此when是多余的，应删除。
考向2　连接词的多余与其他
If
you
notice
that
when
someone
is
missing
or
hurt，tell
your
teacher
immediately.(四川)
答案
解析
句意为：是时候再生一个孩子了，熊猫宝宝也到独立的时候了。It
was
time
for...和it
was
also
time
for...之间是并列关系，故用and连接。
考点三　并列句和状语从句
Ⅰ.语法填空考点聚焦
考向1　并列句中的连词
1.It
was
time
for
her
to
have
a
new
baby，
it
was
also
time
for
the
young
panda
to
be
independent.(四川)
答案
解析
and
a
few
days和a
few
months为选择关系，因此要用or连接。
2.But
the
river
wasn’t
changed
in
a
few
days
even
a
few
months.
(新课标全国Ⅰ)
答案
解析
or
not...but...为固定结构，表示“不是……而是……”。
3.We
were
told
that
our
rooms
hadn’t
been
reserved
for
that
week，
___
for
the
week
after.(广东)
答案
解析
but
neither...nor既不……也不……，为固定搭配。
4.So
Nick
called
to
his
son，“Go
to
the
village
and
buy
some
salt，but
pay
a
fair
price
for
it：neither
too
much
too
little.”(广东)
答案
解析
nor
as/when当……时，随着……。
考向2　状语从句中的连词
1.Over
time，
the
population
grew，people
began
cutting
food
into
small
pieces
so
it
would
cook
more
quickly.(全国Ⅲ)
答案
解析
as/when
根据语境可知，when(当……时)和if(如果)用在此处都合适。句意为：当它哭的时候/如果它哭了，熊猫妈妈会来回摇晃它，轻轻拍打，给它安慰。
2.The
mother(panda)held
the
baby
in
her
front
paws
much
the
way
a
human
does.
it
cried，she
rocked
it
back
and
forth
and
gave
it
little
comforting
pats.(四川)
答案
解析
When/If
be
doing
sth.
when...正在做某事这时……。when意思是“正在这时”。
3.One
day，the
cow
was
eating
grass
it
began
to
rain
heavily.
(广东)
答案
解析
when
句意为：……如果你不介意，我要停下来做一下深呼吸。根据句意可知，应填if引导条件状语从句。
4.Unbelievable!
Oh...，
you
don’t
mind，I’ll
stop
and
take
a
deep
breath.(辽宁)
答案
解析
if
考查并列连词的用法。根据句意可知，二者之间为并列关系而非选择关系。
Ⅱ.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)
考向1　并列句中并列连词的错用或缺失
1.Every
day
he
makes
sure
that
fresh
vegetables
or
high
quality
oil
are
used
for
cooking.(全国Ⅰ)
答案
解析
and
考查连词的用法。如果呆在家里，感觉舒适，还不花钱。根据句意可知，此处应是并列关系，而不是转折关系。
2.We
can
choose
between
staying
at
home
and
taking
a
trip.If
we
stay
at
home，it
is
comfortable
but
there
is
no
need
to
spend
money.
(全国Ⅱ)
答案
解析
and
行文逻辑错误。has
a
full-time
job与has
to
do
most
of
the
housework之间是转折关系，故将so改为but。
3.Mom
has
a
full-time
job，so
she
has
to
do
most
of
the
housework.
(四川)
答案
解析
but
句中which引导的是定语从句，修饰主句He
had
a
deep
voice，而主句与从句后的分句he
was
strong
and
powerful之间缺少连词，根据他们的并列关系，确定第二个he前加and。
4.He
had
a
deep
voice，which
set
him
apart
from
others
in
our
small
town，he
was
strong
and
powerful.(新课标全国Ⅰ)
答案
解析
∧
and
句意为：我所犯的唯一的错误就是当我包装饼干的时候，掉在了地上一些。when/while当……的时候，after在……之后。根据句意应将after改为when/while。
考向2　状语从句中连词的错用
1.My
only
mistake
was
that
I
dropped
some
on
the
floor
after
I
was
packing
them
up.(陕西)
答案
解析
when/while
考查状语从句的引导词。句意为：尽管在那个教室学习时我仅仅是一个孩子，但我永远忘不了它。根据句意，应将if改为although或though。
2.
If
I
was
only
a
child
when
I
studied
in
that
classroom，I
will
never
forget
it.(浙江)
答案
解析
Although/Though
as
many...as
we
can为固定句式，as引导比较状语从句。
3.And
it
is
wise
to
have
as
many
good
friends
that
we
can.
(大纲全国)
答案
解析
as
句意为：等候了大约半个小时后，我开始不耐烦了。故应把Before改为After。
4.
Before
waiting
for
about
half
an
hour，I
was
beginning
to
get
impatient.(陕西)
答案
解析
After
whenever引导状语从句，从句缺少主语I。
考向3　状语从句中连词的重复、缺失与其他
1.At
last，I
will
be
on
my
own，but
I
still
want
to
have
my
parents
to
turn
to
whenever
need
help.(全国Ⅲ)
答案
解析
∧
I
在让步状语从句中，although不可以与but连用，但可以与yet连用。
2.Although
we
allow
tomato
plants
to
grow
in
the
same
place
year
after
year，but
we
have
never
had
any
disease
or
insect
attack
problems.
(新课标全国Ⅰ)
yet
或Although
we
allow
tomato
plants
to
grow
in
the
same
place
year
after
year，but
we
have
never
had
any
disease
or
insect
attack
problems.
答案
解析
句中during为介词，不可以连接两个并列的句子，根据逻辑关系，后一个分句应为when引导的时间状语从句。故during应改为when。
3.In
fact，he
even
scared
my
classmates
away
during
they
came
over
to
play
or
do
homework
with
me.(新课标全国Ⅰ)
答案
解析
when
考查主谓一致。本句的主语为动名词短语leaving
the
less...，动名词短语作主语谓语要用单数第三人称形式，且这里说的是一个客观事实，故要用is。
考点四　主谓一致和特殊句式
Ⅰ.语法填空考点聚焦
考向1　主谓一致
Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow
__(be)
often
acceptable.
(全国Ⅱ)
答案
解析
is
考向2　强调句(近几年未考)
考向3　省略句(近几年未考)
考向4　感叹句(近几年未考)
考查主谓一致。这句话的主语是we，谓语应用复数。
Ⅱ.短文改错考点聚焦(每小题1处错误)
考向1　主谓不一致
1.He
would
ask
who
we
was
and
pretend
not
to
know
us.(浙江)
答案
解析
were
考查主谓一致。work为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数。
2.Hard
work
have
made
him
very
ill.(辽宁)
答案
解析
has
考查主谓一致。There
be应该与其后主语a
sudden
pull在数上保持一致。
3.Finally，there
were
a
sudden
pull
at
the
pole
and
a
fish
was
caught.
(陕西)
答案
解析
was
考查倒装句的谓语结构，“did＋主语＋动词原形”，故had应改为have。
考向2　倒装句中的结构错误
1.I
couldn’t
believe
my
luck—not
only
did
I
had
my
photo
taken
with
him，but
he
signed
his
name
on
my
shirt！(陕西)
答案
解析
have
考查倒装句。“neither＋助动词＋主语”结构中，主语应该用主格形式，故me应改为I。
2.After
we
left，I
said，“That
was
very
nice
of
you，Mother.But
I
didn’t
think
she
looked
like
Grandma.”“Neither
did
me，”
said
Mother
cheerfully.(浙江)
答案
解析
I
一、句式在语法填空中的考查
并列句或复合句中的连(接)词为语法填空必考内容，句式结构的判断至关重要。
1.并列连词：连接两个或几个词、短语或句子的并列连词有and，or，but，neither...nor，either...or，whether...or等。
2.引导名词性从句的连接代词或连接副词(有意义，并在从句中作句子成分)，以及that(不作任何句子成句，没有任何意义)，和表示“是否”的whether/if。其中要特别注意连接代词what的意义和用法。
3.引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词。注意：关系词是代表先行词并在定语从句中作句子成分的。
4.引导状语从句的从属连词。
完全
解读
5.特殊句式常考的语法项目包含主谓一致、倒装句、强调句、省略句、感叹句、祈使句等。考查形式有谓语动词的数、状语从句的省略中的非谓语动词、助动词、替代词或标志性的词等。
应对策略
若含有两个主谓结构的句子之间没有句号或分号，也没有连词，那么空格处一定填连接词，否则，句子结构就不完整。
根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者根据句式结构，确定是并列句还是某种主从复合句。然后根据从句的特点，结合连词的意义和作用，确定填具体的某个连词。如：
一旦判断是定语从句，就根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定关系词。若在从句中作主语或宾语，就用关系代词；若作状语，就用关系副词。
二、句式在短文改错中的考查
1.对于定语从句的考查主要涉及限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句中关系代词或关系副词的错用。
2.对于名词性从句的考查主要涉及连接词使用不当，缺少连接词以及what与that、which混用等。
3.对于并列连词或从属连词的考查主要涉及连词使用不当，缺少连词以及多余连词(although不能与but连用，because不能与so连用)等情况。
4.对于特殊句式的考查主要涉及主谓不一致、含有助动词的谓语结构错误和替代词的错用等。
应对策略
1.对于连词的考查，注意首先判断两个或两个以上的单词、短语或单句之间是否有连词，再根据不同的句式结构，判断连词是否运用正确。解题时，可以注意以下几个方面：
(1)把握前后两句话之间的衔接关系，判定是并列句、名词性从句、定语从句还是状语从句，根据连词在句中作何成分，判断正误；
(2)注意but(转折)、and(并列)、or(或者/选择)、so(因此/结果)等逻辑关系词之间的混用；
(3)注意although/though/while不与but连用；since/as/because不与so连用。
2.遇到特殊句式，要注意主谓一致、强调句、倒装句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句等的构成特点。
专题精析　考点突破
专题1　定语从句
专题2　名词性从句
专题3　并列句和状语从句
专题4　主谓一致和特殊句式
专题1　定语从句
◆定语从句的句法功能及相关定义
1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。
2.位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。
Those
who
are
for
the
plan
raise
your
hands，please.
As
is
known
to
us
all，the
earth
is
spinning
around
the
sun.
3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。
先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-，any-，every-，no-与-body，-thing的合成词或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。数词和人称代词也同样可作先行词。
4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等。
关系副词：when，where，why等。
◆定语从句的核心考点
1.确定关系词的步骤：
(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。
(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This
is
the
place
which
is
worth
visiting.
(2)关系词在从句中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There
are
many
places
we
can
visit
in
China.(visit后面不能再加many
places/them)
2.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词用that而不用which：
(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the
only，the
very，few等修饰时。
(3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。
(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He
was
looking
pleasantly
at
the
children
and
parcels
that
filled
his
bus.
(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。
The
village
is
no
longer
the
one
that
was
5
years
ago.
(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which
are
the
books
that
you
bought
for
me?
3.用which而不用that的情况：
(1)在非限制性定语从句中。
(2)当关系词前有介词时。
(3)当先行词本身是that时。
(4)关系词后有插入语时。
4.关系词who与that指人时，根据不同情况分别用不同的关系词。
(1)当主句是there
be句型时，关系词用who。
(2)先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等词时，关系词用who。
(3)当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。
Who
is
that
girl
that
is
standing
by
the
window?
(4)whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。
5.whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。
Do
you
know
Mr.
Smith
whose
story
is
very
moving?
There
is
a
room，whose
window
faces
the
river.
6.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
(1)先行词被such和the
same修饰，或句型as
many(much)中，从句都用as
引导。
Such
books
as
you
bought
are
useful.
The
school
is
just
the
same
as
it
was
10
years
ago.
注意：①such...that...引导结果状语从句。如：They
are
such
lovely
children
that
we
love
them
much.②the
same...that...引导定语从句。如：I
want
to
use
the
same
tool
that
you
used
just
now.
(2)先行词为句子，定语从句用as或which引导。
区别：①意义上：as
含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上：as
从句可置于句首，也可在句中或句尾；which引导的非限制定语从句只能放在主句之后。
He
didn’t
pass
the
exam，as
we
had
expected.
There
is
lots
of
air
in
loose
snow，which
can
keep
the
cold
out.
As
is
known，the
earth
is
round.
7.关系副词when，where，why
when指时间＝in/at/on/during
which
where指地点＝in/at/from
which
why指原因＝for
which
注意：that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代when，where，why和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词常为the
way，the
time，the
day，the
place等，在口语中that常被省略。
I
don’t
like
the
way
(that/in
which)
he
talks.
This
is
the
first
time
I
have
given
you
a
lesson
in
French.
8.必须注意的问题：
(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。
(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分；
②强调句中it无意义，that/who不是引导词；
③去掉it
is/was和that/who后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。
It
is
the
museum
that/which
we
visited
last
year.(定语从句)
It
was
in
the
hotel
that
we
stayed
last
night.(强调句)
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句的引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。
②同位语从句的引导词被叫做连接词，that不充当任何成分，不可省。
We
expressed
to
them
our
wish
that
was
the
same
as
theirs.(定语从句)
Word
came
that
their
army
was
defeated.(同位语从句)
(4)关系词在定语从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语，前无介词时；
②关系词作表语。
(5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。
(6)几个特殊的定语从句句型：
①He
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
has
got
very
good
marks
in
the
match.(句中one为先行词)
He
is
one
of
the
students
who
have
got
good
marks
in
the
match.(句中students为先行词)
②Is
this
place
the
one
(that)
we
visited
yesterday?
Is
this
the
place
(that/which)
we
visited
yesterday?
③He
stood
at
the
window，from
where
he
could
see
what
was
happening.
④It
may
rain，in
which
case
the
match
will
be
put
off.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.According
to
Dr.
Lance
Workman，these
people
may
develop
a
temporary
moral
code
in
their
minds
justifies
their
actions：there
are
rich
people
who
have
things
I
don’t
have
so
it’s
right
that
I
take
it.
2.This
is
the
very
factory
they
visited
last
summer
holiday.
3.When
facing
hardships，only
those
are
confident
will
achieve
success.
which/that
that
who
题组训练
4.That
evening，
I
will
tell
you
more
about
later，I
ended
up
working
very
late.
5.I
wish
to
thank
Professor
Smith，without
help
I
would
never
have
got
this
far.
6.After
the
flooding，people
were
suffering
in
that
area，
urgently
needed
clean
water，medicine
and
shelter
to
survive.
7.We
live
in
an
age
more
information
is
available
with
greater
ease
than
ever
before.
8.The
next
day，my
brother
and
I
went
to
the
beach
we
watched
some
people
play
volleyball.
which
whose
who
when
where
9.He
wrote
many
children’s
books，nearly
half
of
______
were
published
in
the
1990s.
10.We’ll
reach
the
sales
targets
in
a
month
we
set
at
the
beginning
of
the
year.
which
which/that
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题1处错误)
1.I’ve
never
heard
of
the
people
and
things
which
you
talked
about
just
now.
2.This
is
the
only
question
which
has
been
answered.
3.This
is
the
museum
where
we
visited
last
Sunday.
that
that
which/that
或This
is
the
museum
where
we
visited
last
Sunday.
或I
also
enjoyed
the
evenings
when
we
spent
together.
4.We
have
made
the
same
mistake
which
you
made
last
time.
5.I
shall
never
forget
the
years
I
spent
in
the
country
with
the
farmers，that
has
a
great
effect
on
my
life.
6.A
young
man
had
a
new
girlfriend，who
he
wanted
to
impress.
7.I
also
enjoyed
the
evenings
when
we
spent
together.
as
which
which/that
whom
8.The
visitors
saw
rows
of
houses，the
roofs
of
whose
are
red.
9.Please
tell
me
the
way
which
you
did
the
job.
10.Little
has
been
done
what
is
helpful
to
our
work.
which
that
∧
in
that
或Please
tell
me
the
way
which
you
did
the
job.
或Please
tell
me
the
way
which
you
did
the
job.
Ⅲ.语法填空(定语从句专练)
Yangshuo，China
It
was
raining
lightly
when
I
arrived
in
Yangshuo
just
before
dawn.But
I
didn’t
care.A
few
hours
before，I’d
been
at
home
in
Hong
Kong,1.
I
breathed
its
choking
smog.Here，the
air
was
clean
and
fresh，even
with
the
rain.
I’d
skipped
nearby
Guilin,2.
is
a
dream
place
for
tourists
3.________
seek
the
limestone
mountain
tops
and
dark
waters
of
the
Li
River
4.
are
pictured
by
artists
in
so
many
Chinese
paintings.
where
which
who/that
that/which
Instead，I’d
headed
straight
for
Yangshuo.For
those
5.
fly
to
Guilin，it’s
only
an
hour
away
by
car
and
offers
all
the
scenery
of
the
better-known
city.
Yangshuo
is
really
beautiful.A
study
of
travelers
6.
was
conducted
by
the
website
TripAdvisor
names
Yangshuo
as
one
of
the
top
10
destinations
7.
are
famous
in
the
world.And
the
town
is
fast
becoming
a
popular
weekend
destination
for
people
and
their
families
8.____
are
in
Asia.Abercrombie
&
Kent,9._____
is
a
travel
company
in
Hong
Kong，says
it
regularly
arranges
quick
getaways
here
for
people
10.________
live
in
Shanghai
and
Hong
Kong.
who
that/which
that/which
that
which
who/that
◆书面表达中定语从句易错点聚焦
(一)定语从句意识缺失
1.关系代词被普通代词取代
(误)I
have
many
collections
of
stamps，some
of
them
are
my
favorite.
(正)I
have
many
collections
of
stamps，some
of
which
are
my
favorite.
2.关系代词遗漏
(误)The
last
one
leaves
the
classroom
please
close
the
windows.
(正)The
last
one
who
leaves
the
classroom
please
close
the
windows.
第一句从汉语意思角度是对的，但是汉语的干扰破坏了英语句式结构。
(二)假冒伪劣的定语从句
1.有从无主式
(误)My
friend
Jane，who
is
very
friendly
to
us
classmates.
(正)My
friend
Jane
is
very
friendly
to
us
classmates.
(正)My
friend
Jane，who
is
very
friendly
to
us
classmates，has
a
variety
of
hobbies.
第一句虎头蛇尾，属于有从无主式的句子，即有从句但没有主句。
2.从句成分残缺式
(误)Those
who
against
it
think
that
it
is
unnecessary
to
move
the
zoos
out
of
the
city.
(正)Those
who
are
against
it
think
that
it
is
unnecessary
to
move
the
zoos
out
of
the
city.
第一句定语从句的成分不完整，缺谓语。介词against不能单独作谓语。
3.画蛇添足式
(误)As
can
be
seen
from
the
picture，that
a
sad
boy
stands
between
his
angry
parents.
(误)As
can
be
seen
from
the
picture，a
man
who
is
talking
happily.
(误)I
have
many
collections
of
stamps，and
some
of
which
are
my
favorite.
第一句中关系代词as代替逗号后面的整个主句，因此主句是不需要连接词的。所以，应去掉that。
第二句中同样as代替逗号后面的整个主句，主句中的who是多余的。
第三句中如果要满足定语从句的话，显然并列连词and是多余的。
专题2　名词性从句
◆名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语
从句、同位语从句)中的连接词
名词性从句中的连接词有从属连词that/whether/if，连接代词what/who/
which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词where/
when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
1.that的用法：
(1)主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。
That
they
are
good
at
English
is
known
to
us
all.
The
problem
is
that
we
don’t
have
enough
money.
The
report
that
there
will
be
a
severe
storm
in
the
northern
area
is
false.
(2)一般情况下，宾语从句中的引导词that可省略，但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略：①当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时；②有多个that引导的从句时，第一个that可以省略，而其他的that常不可省略；③介词except，but，besides，in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时；④当when，who，what，where，why，how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。
He
judged
that，because
he
was
a
child，he
did
not
understand
wine.
The
reason
lies
in
that
she
works
harder
than
the
others
do.
Everyone
knew
what
happened
and
that
she
was
worried.
(3)that和what的区别。
that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不担当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词＋关系代词”，即常说的“先行词＋that/which/who”。
It’s
a
shame
that
he
has
made
such
a
mistake.
I
will
do
what
I
can
(do)
to
help
him.
(4)同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连接词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中作宾语或主语，与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连接词that而不能用which。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news，fact，suggestion，truth，plan，belief，doubt，possibility，idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。
They
expressed
the
hope
that
they
would
come
to
visit
China
again.(同位语从句)
The
hope
that
they
expressed
is
that
they
would
come
to
visit
China
again.(定语从句)
2.whether和if的用法：
(1)whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。
It
all
depends
on
whether
they
will
come
back.
(2)后面直接跟or
not
时用whether。
I
didn’t
know
whether
or
not
he
had
arrived
in
Wuhan.
(3)主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether。
Whether
the
meeting
will
be
put
off
has
not
been
decided
yet.
The
question
is
whether
they
have
so
much
money.
(4)whether可以引导同位语从句，用以说明前面的名词的内容，if则不能。
We
ought
to
discuss
carefully
the
question
whether
we
can
do
it
or
not.
(5)whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用，但if不能。
The
question
of
whether
they
are
male
or
female
is
not
important.
I
have
not
decided
whether
to
go
or
not.
(6)宾语从句位于句首时或者宾语从句提前时用whether不用if。
Thank
you，but
whether
I’ll
be
free
I’m
not
sure
at
the
moment.
(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”，而if不能。
Whether
he
comes
or
not，we
will
begin
our
party
on
time.
3.“疑问词＋-ever”和“no
matter＋疑问词”的区别：
(1)“疑问词＋-ever”可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的成分。
Whoever
breaks
the
rule
must
be
punished.
You
can
choose
whatever
you
like
in
the
shop.
(2)“疑问词＋-ever”还可引导让步状语从句。
Whoever
breaks
the
rule，he
must
be
punished.
Whatever
you
do，you
must
do
it
well.
(3)“no
matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
No
matter
what
you
do，you
must
put
your
heart
into
it.
No
matter
who
comes
late，he
must
be
punished.
4.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则为同位语从句。
They
put
forward
the
question
where
they
could
get
the
money.(同位语从句)
This
is
the
place
where
the
accident
happened.(定语从句)
◆主语从句的核心考点
1.主语从句在复合句中充当主语，大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。
2.that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语，that不可省；what引导的主语从句表示“……的东西”时，一般不用it作形式主语；whatever，whoever，whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。
That
she
will
succeed
is
certain.
→It
is
certain
that
she
will
succeed.
What
he
needs
is
more
experience.
常见的it替代that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：
(1)It＋系动词＋形容词(necessary，right，likely，unlikely，wrong，important，certain，clear，obvious，strange，normal等)＋that从句
It
is
certain
that
most
of
the
farmers
have
brought
in
more
money
by
all
means.
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a
pity，a
shame，good
news，a
fact，an
honour，a
wonder，no
wonder等)＋that从句
It’s
no
wonder
that
you’ve
achieved
so
much
success.
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said，told，heard，reported，decided，suggested，advised，ordered，remembered，thought，considered，well-known，announced等)＋that从句
It
is
said
that
the
professor
has
already
succeeded
in
carrying
out
the
experiment.
(4)It＋特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter)＋that从句
It
happened
to
me
that
I
had
been
away
when
he
called.
注意：(1)在“It
is
necessary/important/strange/natural...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语常用“(should＋)动词原形”。
(2)在“It＋be＋suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required...＋that从句”结构中，从句谓语应用“(should＋)动词原形”。
◆宾语从句的核心考点
1.动词的宾语从句
(1)大多数动词(hope，tell，say等)可以带宾语从句。
We
all
expect
that
they
will
win，for
members
of
their
team
are
stronger.
I
don’t
think
you
are
right.
I
don’t
suppose
he
cares，does
he?
(2)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后有宾语补足语时，则常用it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。
I
think
it
necessary
that
we
take
plenty
of
boiled
water
every
day.
(3)有些动词(短语)带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(短语)有hate，enjoy，like，love，dislike，see
to等。
I
hate
it
when
they
talk
with
their
mouths
full.
2.一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。
We
are
talking
about
whether
we
admit
students
into
our
club.
注意：(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。
We
could
see
the
temple
quite
clearly
from
where
we
lived.
(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的，只有在except，in，but等介词后偶尔可能用到。
Your
composition
is
quite
good
except
that
the
organization
is
a
bit
loose.
(3)sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。
I’m
sure
that
they
will
make
it
in
spite
of
the
terrible
weather.
◆表语从句的核心考点
1.主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，即“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。
His
suggestion
is
that
we
(should)
change
our
course.
2.主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that，而不用why或because。
The
reason
for
such
a
serious
accident
is
that
the
driver
was
too
careless
and
drank
too
much.
3.because，as
if，as
though，as，like等连接词也可引导表语从句。
He
has
lung
disease.That
is
because
he
has
been
smoking
too
much.
◆同位语从句的核心考点
同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词的内容的从句。
1.能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。
2.同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(what，which，who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。
I
have
no
idea
what
has
happened
to
him.
3.有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。
The
story
goes
that
William
Tell
did
kill
the
king
with
that
sword.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.
we
understand
things
has
a
lot
to
do
with
what
we
feel.
2.A
ship
in
harbor
is
safe，but
that’s
not
ships
are
built
for.
3.—Is
it
true
that
Mike
refused
an
offer
from
Yale
University
yesterday?
—Yeah，but
I
have
no
idea
he
did
it；that’s
one
of
his
favorite
universities.
4.The
companies
are
working
together
to
create
they
hope
will
be
the
best
means
of
transport
in
the
21st
century.
How
what
why
what
题组训练
5.It
doesn’t
matter
you
turn
right
or
left
at
the
crossing—both
roads
lead
to
the
park.
6.As
many
as
five
courses
are
provided，and
you
are
free
to
choose
_________
suits
you
best.
7.Jerry
did
not
regret
giving
the
comment
but
felt
he
could
have
expressed
it
differently.
8.The
notice
came
around
two
in
the
afternoon
the
meeting
would
be
postponed.
whether
whichever
that
that
9.A
farmer
once
organized
a
competition
between
his
dog
and
his
rabbit.He
dug
a
hole
in
one
of
his
biggest
fields，and
hid
a
carrot
and
a
bone
in
it.He
wanted
to
see
animal
would
find
them
first.
10.It
can
be
really
upset
trying
to
ask
for
something
in
a
store
or
to
tell
the
taxi
driver
you
are
going.
which
where
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题1处错误)
1.That
Barbara
Jones
offers
to
her
fans
is
honesty
and
happiness.
2.It
was
never
clear
whether
the
man
hadn’t
reported
the
accident
sooner.
3.It
is
still
under
discussion
if
the
old
bus
station
should
be
replaced
with
a
modern
hotel
or
not.
4.The
shocking
news
made
me
realize
how
terrible
problems
we
would
face.
What
why
whether
what
5.The
villagers
have
already
known
which
we’ll
do
is
to
rebuild
the
bridge.
6.What
he
should
do
is
he
stays
at
home
and
waits
for
his
mother
from
work.
7.The
reason
why
he
was
late
was
because
his
bike
went
wrong.
8.I’d
like
to
start
my
own
business—that’s
how
I’d
do
if
I
had
the
money.
9.He
came
late.That
was
he
got
up
late.
10.The
question
that
why
so
many
people
would
choose
to
live
in
the
countryside
but
to
work
in
the
city
is
still
under
discussion.
what
∧
that
that
what
∧
because
Ⅲ.语法填空(名词性从句专练)
1.
worries
my
classmate
Mary
a
lot
these
days
is
2.
she
puts
on
too
much
weight
and
she
is
frequently
ill.She
has
some
doubts
3._________
she
eats
too
much
fast
food
high
in
fat
or
sugar.Also，with
the
College
Entrance
Examination
approaching，she
becomes
more
stressful
and
she
can’t
sleep
well
these
days.Maybe
this
is
4.
she
becomes
fatter
these
days，she
thinks.5.
she
becomes
slimmer
and
healthier
has
been
her
main
task.So
she
wants
to
consult
some
experts
and
gain
some
instructions.But
where
she
could
get
better
suggestions
and
6.____
will
give
her
better
advice
also
puzzle
her.
What
that
whether/if
why
How
who
It
is
her
parents’
suggestion
7.
she
should
consult
Professor
Wang
in
Zhongshan
Hospital.Professor
Wang
suggests
8.
she
keep
a
balanced
diet
first.She
should
eat
vegetables
and
fruit
high
in
fiber，vitamin
and
protein.What’s
more，if
she
wants
to
lose
weight，she
had
better
take
regular
exercise
more
than
half
an
hour
a
day.Mary
asked
Professor
Wang
9._____
she
should
take
exercise.Professor
Wang
advised
her
to
take
exercise
at
5
o’clock
in
the
afternoon.That
is
10._______
she
will
have
more
time
to
do
sports.It
is
with
the
help
of
Professor
Wang
that
Mary
has
become
much
healthier
now.
that
that
when
because
◆书面表达中名词性从句易错点聚焦
1.语序问题
(误)These
pictures
show
you
what
does
our
village
look
like.
(正)These
pictures
show
you
what
our
village
looks
like.
宾语从句的语序应用陈述语序，而不是特殊疑问句的语序。
(误)Do
you
think
which
of
these
is
the
most
useful
invention?
(正)Which
of
these
do
you
think
is
the
most
useful
invention?
在疑问句中，宾语从句的连接词应担当特殊疑问词的角色位于句首。
2.what和that的运用
(误)America
was
that
was
first
called
“India”
by
Columbus.
(正)America
was
what
was
first
called
“India”
by
Columbus.
在名词性从句中，连接词that既不作任何句子成分，也没有意义；而连接代词what则相反，它既充当从句的主干成分也有其自身的意义。
另外，我们可以把what解释为：the＋名词＋that/which。
3.whether和if的运用
(误)If
we’ll
hold
the
party
has
not
been
decided
yet.
(正)Whether
we’ll
hold
the
party
has
not
been
decided
yet.
whether适用于任何情况；if(作“是否”讲)仅限于动词宾语从句中，但discuss，decide等动词后的宾语从句除外。
4.连接词的使用易受汉语干扰
(误)The
reason
why
I
was
late
is
because
I
was
trapped
in
the
traffic
jam.
(正)The
reason
why
I
was
late
is
that
I
was
trapped
in
the
traffic
jam.
通过提取简化可得出：The
reason
is
because...在英语中显然造成了重复现象。
专题3　并列句和状语从句
◆连词的分类
连词常分为并列连词(也叫等立连词)和从属连词两大类。
◆并列句与并列连词的核心考点
1.并列句的基本概念
并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成的。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。
2.常见的并列连词
(1)表示递进或顺承关系：常用的并列连词有and，not
only...but
(also)...等。
He
had
plenty
of
money
and
he
spent
it
freely.
Not
only
did
he
speak
more
correctly，but
he
(also)
spoke
more
easily.
(2)表示选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either...or...等。
Either
you
are
right，or
I
am.
(3)表示转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，whereas等。
Jane
said
she
was
ill，yet
I
saw
her
in
the
street
just
now.
Some
of
the
studies
show
positive
results，whereas
others
do
not.
(4)表示因果关系：常用的并列连词有so，for等。
It
must
have
rained
last
night，for
it
is
wet
all
over.
The
shops
were
closed，so
I
didn’t
get
any
milk.
(5)when也可用作并列连词，意为“那时，这时”，相当于and
at
this/that
time。常用于下列句式：①sb.
was
doing
sth.
when...；②sb.
was
about
to
do/going
to
do/on
the
point
of
doing
sth.
when...；③sb.
had
(just)
done
sth.
when...。
We
were
having
a
meeting
when
someone
broke
in.
We
were
about
to
set
off
when
it
suddenly
began
to
rain.
(6)while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
He
likes
pop
music，while
I
am
fond
of
folk
music.
◆从属连词与状语从句
一、时间状语从句
1.before引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。常用如下句型：
It
will
be
long
before...(得过好久才……)
It
will
not
be
long
before...(过不了多久就……)
It
was
long
before...(过了好久才……)
It
was
not
long
before...(过了不久就……)
2.since后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。
since＋瞬间动词过去式(从该动作发生时算起)
since＋持续性动词过去式(从动作结束时算起)
It
is
two
years
since
he
joined
the
army.他参军两年了。
It
is
two
years
since
he
smoked.他戒烟两年了。
3.as，when，while用法一览表。
类别
作用
例句
as
as表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。
She
came
up
as
I
was
cooking.(同时)
The
runners
started
as
the
gun
went
off.(几乎同时)
when
(at
or
during
the
time
that
)既可以表示在某一点的时候，又可表示在某一段时间内，主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。
It
was
raining
when
we
arrived.(指时间点)
When
we
were
at
school，we
went
to
the
library
every
day.(在一段时间内)
while
while意思是“当……的时候”或“在某一段时间里”。主句中的动作或事情在从句中的动作或事情的进展过程中发生，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词。在when表示a
period
of
time时，两者可以互换。
Please
don’t
talk
so
loud
while
others
are
working.
He
fell
asleep
while/when
reading.
Strike
while
the
iron
is
hot.(不可用as或when，这里的while意思是“趁……”)
4.引导时间状语从句的连接词除上述外还有：
(1)till，not...until...，until
Don’t
get
off
the
bus
until
it
has
stopped.
He
waited
for
his
father
until/till
it
was
twelve
o’clock.
(2)hardly/scarcely...when，no
sooner...than表示“刚……就”
We
had
hardly
got/Hardly
had
we
got
into
the
country
when
it
began
to
rain.
No
sooner
had
he
arrived/He
had
no
sooner
arrived
than
she
started
complaining.
(3)directly，immediately，the
moment，the
minute，the
instant，as
soon
as，意为“一……就”
He
made
for
the
door
directly
he
heard
the
knock.
The
moment
he
saw
his
mother，he
burst
into
tears.
(4)each
time，every
time
Each
time
he
came
to
my
city，he
would
call
on
me.
二、让步状语从句
1.although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。
Although/Though
they
are
poor，(yet)
they
are
warm-hearted.
2.even
if或even
though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”、“纵然”，用来使人注意下文所强调内容的性质。
I’ll
get
there
even
if/though
I
have
to
sell
my
house
to
get
enough
money
to
go
by
air.
3.no
matter后接who，what，where，how等疑问词引导让步状语从句，也可以在这类疑问词后面加上-ever构成whoever，whatever，wherever，however等。但在引导名词性从句时，只能用“疑问词＋-ever”类词。
Don’t
trust
him，no
matter
what/whatever
he
says.
I
will
eat
whatever
you
give
me.
No
matter
how/however
hard
the
work
is，you’d
better
try
to
do
it
well.
4.as也可以引导让步状语从句，需将从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首，引起倒装；作表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需省去。though引导的从句也可以倒装，但although引导的不可以。
Child
as/though
he
is，he
knows
a
lot.
Much
as
I
like
it，I
won’t
buy.
Try
as
he
would，he
couldn’t
lift
the
heavy
box.
5.while也可以引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”，比though/although语气弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般要位于句首。
三、原因状语从句：because，as，since，now
that
1.表示不知道的原因时用because，即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。
You
want
to
know
why
I’m
leaving？I’m
leaving
because
I’m
fed
up
with
the
boss.
2.表示已经知道的原因时用as或since，即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些，它们通常被置于主句之前，但有时却相反。
Seeing
all
of
the
children
already
seated，he
said，“Since
everyone
is
here，let’s
start.”
3.下列情况下只能使用because：
(1)在回答why的问句时；
(2)在用于强调句型时；
(3)被not所否定时。
四、地点状语从句：where，wherever等
Make
a
mark
wherever
you
have
any
questions.
We
will
go
where
the
Party
directs
us.
五、目的状语从句：that，so
that，in
order
that
注意：目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句，不可置于句首。
He
got
up
early
so
that
he
could
catch
the
early
train.
六、结果状语从句：that，so
that，so...that...，such...that...
注意：so＋形容词/副词＋that从句；such＋名词＋that从句。
She
is
so
good
that
we
all
like
her.
He
is
such
a
good
teacher
that
we
all
respect
him.
七、方式状语从句：as，as
if/though
I’ll
do
as
I
am
told
to.
It
looks
as
if
it
is
going
to
rain.
八、条件状语从句：if，unless，so/as
long
as，in
case，once，on
condition
that等
You
can
use
my
bike
as
long
as
you
return
it
on
time.
九、比较状语从句：than；(not)as/so...as...；not
the
same
as;
the＋比较级，the＋比较级
He
works
as
hard
as
others.
We
treat
boys
exactly
the
same
as
girls.
The
sun
is
much
bigger
than
the
earth.
The
more
you
eat，the
fatter
you
will
be.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.You
have
to
move
out
of
the
way
the
truck
cannot
get
past
you.
2.Mike
was
usually
so
careful，
this
time
he
made
a
small
mistake.
3.Find
ways
to
praise
your
children
often，
you’ll
find
they
will
open
their
hearts
to
you.
4.At
school，some
students
are
active
some
are
shy，yet
they
can
be
good
friends
with
one
another.
5.Everything
was
placed
exactly
he
wanted
it
for
the
graduation
ceremony.
or/otherwise
yet/but
and
while
where
题组训练
6.Hot
the
night
air
was，we
slept
deeply
because
we
were
so
tired
after
the
long
journey.
7.It
is
hard
for
the
Greek
government
to
get
over
the
present
difficulties
______
it
gets
more
financial
support
from
the
European
Union.
8.
hard
you
try，it
is
difficult
to
lose
weight
without
cutting
down
the
amount
you
eat.
9.The
doctor
told
the
patient
to
go
on
a
diet
he
was
overweight.
10.There
once
was
a
very
rich
man.He
was
so
generous
to
everybody
around
him
many
people
in
his
neighborhood
knew
him.
as/though
unless
However
because
that
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题1处错误)
1.His
new
job
meant
I
had
to
say
goodbye
to
my
classmates，my
school
or
just
everything
else
I
love
in
the
world.
2.My
father
is
hardworking
but
goes
to
work
in
the
field
every
day.
3.I
have
been
missing
you
very
much
after
I
went
to
college
a
year
ago.
4.In
the
end，we
drove
to
a
service
station
and
waited
there
unless
the
road
was
clear.
and
and
since
until/till
5.Mom，though
I
may
not
often
say
it，I
do
love
you.Nobody
can
take
your
part
in
my
heart.
Whenever
I
am，I
will
always
love
you.
6.It
is
in
the
downtown
area，but
it
is
easy
to
go
anywhere
from
the
hotel
by
public
transport.
7.I
called
my
parents，so
I
did
not
tell
them
what
had
happened.
8.To
deal
with
the
problem，I
think，they
should
first
go
all
out
to
plant
trees
though
trees
will
help
save
water.
Wherever
and/so
but
because/since/as
9.Her
hair
was
black
and
purple，and
she
wore
black
sports
shoes
and
a
black
sweater，although
in
the
summer.
10.Some
friends
of
his
go
to
see
him
every
day，they
take
him
lots
of
good
books
and
fresh
fruit.
even
∧
and
Ⅲ.语法填空(连词专练)
My
mother
was
cooking
in
the
kitchen
1.
I
was
doing
my
school
assignments.No
sooner
had
I
finished
my
homework
2.
the
door
bell
rang.However，my
sister
unlocked
the
door
3.
I
could
open
it.We
were
surprised
the
moment
we
saw
her
4.
her
clothes
and
face
were
terribly
dirty.She
looked
much
poorer
5._____
we
expected.6.
we
didn’t
know
what
had
happened
to
her，we
stood
there
and
waited
for
my
sister’s
story.We
wouldn’t
leave
7.
my
sister
told
us
all
about
it.
while
than
before
because
than
Since
unless
8.
my
sister
got
changed，she
told
us
that
she
fell
into
a
ditch
9._____
she
walked
on
a
path
on
her
way
to
my
uncle’s
home
in
the
countryside.She
couldn’t
get
out
of
the
ditch.10.
she
cried
for
help
loudly，no
one
could
hear
her.She
tried
to
climb
out
of
it，but
11.
hard
she
tried，she
failed
to
escape
from
it.12.
time
went
by，she
got
worried.
After
several
vain
attempts
she
had
to
stand
13.
she
was
and
waited
14.
a
boy
student
passed
by
and
gave
her
a
hand.The
boy
reached
her
a
long
rope
and
told
her
to
climb
with
the
rope.She
did
15.___
the
boy
told，so
that
she
came
out.
After
when
Although/Though
however
As
where
until
as
◆书面表达中并列句和状语从句易错点聚焦
(一)在书面表达中往往缺乏并列句意识，主要存在以下两个方面的倾向：
1.机械排列简单句
I
believe
I
am
fit
for
it.I’m
writing
to
apply
for
the
position.
如果我们把意义相关的这两个句子用适当的连词连接起来，可得到下面的句子：
I
believe
I
am
fit
for
it，so
I’m
writing
to
apply
for
the
position.
比较一下，同学们是不是感觉后者要优于前者呢？并列连词的使用可增强句子之间的逻辑性和美感，使句子之间显得更加紧凑。
2.逗号连接两个简单句
I’m
enthusiastic
and
easy-going，I’m
easy
to
get
along
with
and
can
cooperate
well
with
others.
在该句中含有两个简单句，中间用逗号起了连接作用，显然这是不符合英语语法规则的。我们不妨做如下改动：
I’m
enthusiastic
and
easy-going，so
I’m
easy
to
get
along
with
and
can
cooperate
well
with
others.
(二)对于状语从句，在实际运用中主要存在以下问题：
1.从句意识缺乏
The
Expo
is
very
attractive.We
are
all
eager
to
pay
a
visit
to
it.
The
Expo
is
so
attractive
that
we
are
all
eager
to
pay
a
visit
to
it.
通过比较不难发现，后句比前句更加紧凑且逻辑性强，增强了交际效果。
2.状语从句成分残缺
(误)Please
close
the
doors
and
windows
before
leave
the
classroom.
(正)Please
close
the
doors
and
windows
before
you
leave
the
classroom.
由于受汉语的干扰，第一句中状语从句中漏掉了主语。
3.连接词误用
(误)Teachers
and
parents
should
respect
us
no
matter
we
are
in
or
outside
school.
(正)Teachers
and
parents
should
respect
us
whether
we
are
in
or
outside
school.
两句尽管从汉语角度来看意思相同，但是从语法角度no
matter一般后跟特殊疑问词，而whether可直接引导状语从句。
(误)Though
he
is
considered
a
great
writer，but
his
works
are
not
widely
read.
(正)Though
he
is
considered
a
great
writer，his
works
are
not
widely
read.
在让步状语从句中，though和although不能与but连用。
专题4　主谓一致和特殊句式
◆主谓一致的核心考点
1.就近一致原则
(1)由or，not
only...but
also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Neither
his
parents
nor
I
am
able
to
persuade
him
to
change
his
mind.
(2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here
is
a
ruler，a
few
pencils
and
two
copybooks.
2.意义一致原则
(1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况
①表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。
Politics
is
his
favorite
subject.
②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。
Do
you
know
when
the
United
Nations
was
set
up?
(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况
表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The
police
are
searching
for
the
murderer.
(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定
①集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。
As
far
as
I
know，his
family
is
not
very
large
but
the
family
are
all
music
lovers.
②“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。
The
poor
were
looked
down
upon
in
the
old
days.
3.语法一致原则
(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语
①“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。
The
teacher
and
poet
often
gives
lectures
around
the
city.
②“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。
The
teacher
and
the
poet
have
just
arrived.
③“every＋名词单数＋and＋every＋名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。
Every
boy
and
every
girl
has
the
right
to
receive
education
in
our
country.
④通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a
knife
and
fork
(一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Bread
and
butter
is
not
to
his
taste.
(2)表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Is
fifty
pounds
enough?
(3)“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。
Two-thirds
of
the
books
are
about
science.
Only
30%
of
the
work
was
done
yesterday.
(4)主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together
with，except，but，as
well
as，rather
than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。
Nobody
but
Jim
and
Mike
was
on
the
playground.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Either
you
or
the
headmaster
(be)
to
hand
out
the
prizes
to
those
gifted
students
at
the
meeting.
2.The
teacher，with
6
girls
and
8
boys
of
her
class，
(visit)
a
museum
when
the
earthquake
struck.
3.Two
fifths
of
the
land
in
that
district
(be)
covered
with
trees
and
grass.
题组训练1
is
was
visiting
is
4.With
more
forests
being
destroyed，huge
quantities
of
good
earth
_______________(wash)
away
each
year.
5.He
is
the
only
one
of
the
students
who
(be)
a
winner
of
scholarship
for
three
years.
are
being
washed
has
been
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题1处错误)
1.The
singer
and
dancer
are
to
attend
our
evening
party.
2.They
each
has
an
apple.
3.He
joins
the
football
team
who
is
all
famous
footballers.
4.Dr.
Smith，together
with
his
wife
and
daughters，are
going
to
visit
Beijing
this
summer.
is
have
∧
the
are
is
或The
singer
and
dancer
are
to
attend
our
evening
party.
5.As
a
result
of
the
serious
flood，two-thirds
of
the
buildings
in
the
area
needs
repairing.
6.Those
who
likes
to
sing
can
join
us.
need
like
◆倒装句的核心考点
1.全部倒装
(1)在There
be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。
Look，there’s
that
bookshop
I
was
telling
you
about.
(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，out等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。
There
goes
the
phone.I’ll
answer
it.
(3)such作表语置于句首时。
Such
was
Albert
Einstein，a
simple
man
but
the
20th
century’s
greatest
scientist.
(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。
“If
you
die，who
will
get
your
money？”
asked
Holmes.
(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。
In
the
center
of
the
square
stands
a
monument.
(6)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。
Gone
forever
are
the
days
when
the
Chinese
people
had
to
use
foreign
oil.
2.部分倒装
在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。
(1)little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly，rarely，nowhere，by
no
means，at
no
time，under
no
circumstances，in
no
case，on
no
condition等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。
Little
does
he
care
about
what
others
think.
(2)在not...until...，no
sooner...than...，scarcely/hardly...when...，not
only...but
also...，neither...nor...等句式中。
Neither
does
he
drink
nor
smoke.
(3)当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。
Only
then
did
I
find
I
had
made
a
mistake.
(4)在so/such...that...从句中，当“so＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名词”位于句首时。
So
exhausted
was
she
that
she
wanted
to
have
a
rest.
(5)当表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“so/as＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也是……”。
Times
have
changed
and
so
have
I.
(6)当表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也不……”。
They
couldn’t
understand
it
at
that
time，and
nor
could
we.
(7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were，had，should提到主语前面。
Had
it
not
been
for
your
help，we
shouldn’t
have
achieved
so
much.
(8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。
Try
as
she
might，Sue
couldn’t
get
the
door
open.
(9)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。
May
you
succeed!
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.No
sooner
Mo
Yan
stepped
on
the
stage
than
the
audience
broke
into
thunderous
applause.
2.Only
with
the
greatest
of
luck
she
manage
to
escape
from
the
rising
flood
water
last
year.
3.Present
at
the
party
last
night
(be)
Mr.
Green
and
many
other
guests.
4.The
moment
the
bell
rang，out
(rush)
the
children.
题组训练2
had
did
were
rushed
5.
he
caught
the
morning
train，he
would
not
have
been
late
for
the
meeting.
6.Not
I
caught
sight
of
my
teacher
in
the
crowd
did
I
calm
down.
Had
until
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题1处错误)
1.When
we
heard
the
exciting
news，there
was
silence
all
over
the
hall
at
first.Then
come
voices
of
shouting.
2.So
loudly
he
speak
that
even
people
in
the
next
room
could
hear
him.
3.If
you
don’t
go
there
tomorrow，neither
does
Tom.
4.Hard
although
he
tried，he
was
unable
to
make
much
progress.
came
∧
did
will
as/though
5.I
can’t
swim
and
so
can
Kate.
6.Only
if
you
put
the
sun
there
did
the
movements
of
the
other
planets
in
the
sky
made
sense.
neither
make
◆强调句的核心考点
1.使用助动词do，does和did对谓语动词进行强调。
First
impressions
really
do
count.
2.运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。
强调句型的基本句型结构为：It
is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、表语、同位语等成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意以下几个方面：
(1)强调句型中的主谓一致
在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式is/was，同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。
It
is
my
parents
that/who
often
help
me
get
out
of
trouble.
(2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用where，when，why或how等。
It
was
on
August
8,2008
that
the
29th
Summer
Olympic
Games
were
opened
in
Beijing.
(3)强调句型的疑问句
强调句型的一般疑问句是“Is/Was
it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？”；强调句型的特殊疑问句是“特殊疑问词＋is/was
it
that＋其他成分？”。
Was
it
her
failing
her
exam
that
made
her
parents
unhappy?
When
was
it
that
she
changed
her
mind?
(4)在对not...until...结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成：It
is/was
not
until...that...。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。
I
didn’t
realize
she
was
a
famous
film
star
until
she
took
off
her
dark
glasses.
→It
was
not
until
she
took
off
her
dark
glasses
that
I
realized
she
was
a
famous
film
star.
注意事项：
1.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。
He
asked
me
who
it
was
that
took
his
umbrella
by
mistake.
2.强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。
在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It
is/was...保持一致。
It
is
Mary
not
you
who
wants
to
ask
me
about
that
matter，isn’t
it?
3.强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。
在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构。
It
was
on
the
farm
where
we
worked
that
I
got
to
know
her.
4.强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。
当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it
is/was”和连词“that”，原句仍然完整；而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it
is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句不完整。
It
was
at
14：28
that
the
terrible
earthquake
broke
out.(强调句型)
It
was
14：28
when
the
terrible
earthquake
broke
out.(时间状语从句)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.It
was
the
culture，rather
than
the
language，
made
it
hard
for
him
to
adapt
to
the
new
environment
abroad.
2.Was
because
Jack
came
late
for
school
that
Mr.
Smith
got
angry?
3.To
tell
you
the
truth，Tom
take
my
pen
by
mistake
yesterday，but
he
has
said
sorry
to
me.
题组训练3
that
it
did
4.It
was
not
until
I
went
there
I
began
to
know
something
about
the
matter.
5.—Why
was
it
you
were
so
angry?
—Because
we
failed
to
take
part
in
the
basketball
match.
that
that
Ⅱ.短文改错(每小题1处错误)
1.It
is
only
when
you
reread
the
poem
which
you
can
really
appreciate
it.
2.I
received
his
mother’s
telephone
call
at
eleven.It
was
then
when
I
knew
that
he
was
badly
hurt
in
a
traffic
accident
yesterday.
3.It
was
until
near
the
end
of
the
letter
that
she
mentioned
her
own
plan.
that
that
∧
not
4.After
hard
efforts
were
made，the
family
did
managed
to
send
him
to
a
technical
school.
5.When
was
it
he
made
up
his
mind
to
take
this
course?
或After
hard
efforts
were
made，the
family
did
managed
to
send
him
to
a
technical
school.
manage
∧
that
◆省略句的核心考点
1.状语从句中的省略
由when，while，if，as
if，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语动词为be，而从句的主语与主句的主语相同或从句的主语为it时，则从句的主语或it和be可省略。
When
(I
am)
in
trouble，I
always
turn
to
my
classmates
for
help.
If
(it
is)
possible，this
machine
can
be
fixed
at
once.
2.不定式的省略
单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be
afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have
been时，则要保留be，have，have
been。
—Will
you
please
look
after
my
house
when
I’m
away?
—I’m
glad
to.
—Are
you
a
sailor?
—No.But
I
used
to
be.
Your
work
hasn’t
been
handed
in，but
it
ought
to
have
been.
3.常考的几个省略形式
if
ever，if
any，if
not
better/worse/taller...than等。
Please
correct
my
mistakes
if
any.
4.并列句中的省略
并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。
He
is
going
to
Hong
Kong，but
his
brother
(is
going)
to
America.
My
room
is
on
the
third
floor
and
his，on
the
fifth.
◆其他句式的核心考点
1.感叹句
感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。
常见句型：
(1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
＝How＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What＋(形容词)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(3)How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
(4)How＋主语＋谓语！
What
a
strange
plant(＝How
strange
a
plant)!
I’ve
never
seen
it
before.
这种植物真奇怪！
我以前从未见过。
The
shocking
news
made
me
realize
what
terrible
problems
we
would
face.
这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。
2.祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。
祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但往往省略。
祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don’t，也可用副词never构成。
祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。
祈使句的常见句型：
(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句
“如果……就……”
(2)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句
“……否则……”
(3)名词词组(多含有more，another)＋and＋陈述句
“如果再……就……”
One
more
day，and
I’ll
get
everything
ready.
再多给我一天，
我就会把一切准备好。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.One
day，he
came
up
with
an
idea
that
he
would
pluck
up
all
of
his
crop
a
few
inches.He
did
the
next
day.
2.Film
has
a
much
shorter
history，especially
when
_________(compare)
to
such
art
forms
as
music
and
planting.
3.Her
parents
wouldn’t
allow
her
to
go
to
the
party，but
she
still
hopes
__.
题组训练4
so
compared
to
4.
(make)
good
use
of
learning
resources
such
as
the
website
and
library，and
you
will
make
great
progress.
5.You
can’t
imagine
difficulty
we
had
walking
home
in
the
snowstorm.
Make
what
Ⅱ.短文改错(每小题1处错误)
1.Such
knowledge
is
still
useful
when
applying
to
similar
situations
in
other
countries.
2.
Stopping
criticizing
your
children
like
this，or
they
will
refuse
to
tell
you
their
true
feelings.
3.Though
I’m
not
a
volunteer
any
more，I
used
to
and
I’ve
done
some
voluntary
work
with
my
friends.
applied
Stop
∧
be
4.
What
different
life
today
is
from
what
it
was
20
years
ago!
5.I
won’t
go
to
the
party
even
if
being
invited.
How
Ⅲ.语法填空(特殊句式专练)
Dealing
with
homeless
families
1.
(be)
one
part
of
my
job.It
was
from
a
single
mother
2.
the
very
first
call
I
had
was.She
was
weeping.Not
until
I
promised
to
help
her
3.
she
stop
weeping.After
being
told
that
she
had
got
into
a
terrible
car
accident，I
learned
that
accident
made
her
lose
her
job.Because
of
this，she
fell
behind
with
her
rent
4.
she
was
being
forced
to
leave
her
apartment.She
had
to
pay
for
the
rent.5.
not，nowhere
could
she
and
her
two
children
go.
is
that
did
and
If
Having
explained
the
situation，she
stopped，saying，“I’m
so
sorry！Thank
you
for
letting
me
tell
my
story.I’ve
tried
every
shelter
and
church
organization
in
the
area
but
no
one
6.
listen
or
care.”
7.
an
unfortunate
thing！At
that
time
there
being
no
openings
for
family
housing，I
took
her
number
down
and
told
her
I’d
call
her
right
back.Later，hardly
8.
I
found
an
opening
for
a
family
in
a
shelter
in
her
area
when
I
called
her
back.She
was
shocked
when
9.
(answer)
my
call.She
said，“Never
10.
I
really
expect
you
to
call
me
back.”I
gave
her
the
good
news
and
she
started
weeping
again.But
this
time
they
were
tears
of
happiness
and
hope.
does
What
had
answering
did
◆书面表达中特殊句式易错点聚焦
在书面表达中适当引入特殊句式，可提高表达的层次，增强交际效果。但是学生在实际运用中主要存在以下问题：
1.主谓不一致
(误)Your
friend
and
adviser
have
agreed
to
lend
me
some
money.
(正)Your
friend
and
adviser
has
agreed
to
lend
me
some
money.
(误)Many
a
scientist
have
sacrificed
their
lives
for
science.
(正)Many
a
scientist
has
sacrificed
his
life
for
science.
(误)Mr.
Wang，together
with
his
wife，have
gone
to
Australia.
(正)Mr.
Wang，together
with
his
wife，has
gone
to
Australia.
(误)Each
of
the
boys
have
their
own
books.
(正)Each
of
the
boys
has
his
own
books.
(误)The
blind
is
not
able
to
walk
without
sticks.
(正)The
blind
are
not
able
to
walk
without
sticks.
(误)Five
years
have
passed
since
then.
(正)Five
years
has
passed
since
then.
(简单句堆积)I
am
Li
Hua.I
am
chairman
of
the
Student
Union.I
am
from
Chenguang
High
School.
(同位语)I
am
Li
Hua，chairman
of
the
Student
Union，from
Chenguang
High
School.
2.缺乏运用意识
语言输出时，多用正常语序的简单句、并列句等，而缺乏运用特殊句式的意识。
(一般表达)I
didn’t
realize
its
importance
until
I
was
chosen
monitor
of
my
class
in
my
senior
middle
school.
(倒装句)Not
until
I
was
chosen
monitor
of
my
class
in
my
senior
middle
school
did
I
realize
its
importance.
(强调句)It
was
not
until
I
was
chosen
monitor
of
my,
class
in
my
senior
middle
school
that
I
realized
its
importance.
3.运用中出现语法错误
(误)Only
work
hard
can
you
achieve
your
goal.
(正)Only
by
working
hard
can
you
achieve
your
goal.
(误)There
have
some
problems
exist
in
our
school.
(正)There
exist
some
problems
in
our
school.
(误)Only
after
the
war
learned
he
the
sad
news.
(正)Only
after
the
war
did
he
learn
the
sad
news.
(误)It
was
at
midnight
when
I
got
back
home
yesterday.
(正)It
was
at
midnight
that
I
got
back
home
yesterday.
(正)It
was
midnight
when
I
got
back
home
yesterday.
精选模拟　强化训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
(一)
1.At
the
requests
of
some
English
learners，he
has
published
a
lot
of
books，one
of
is
about
English
idioms.
2.There
is
a
strong
possibility
man
will
mainly
depend
on
solar
energy
in
the
future.
3.The
richest
of
these
is
Bill
Gates，worth
at
least
76
billion，____
made
his
money
by
starting
the
company
Microsoft.
4.Get
up，
you
will
be
late
for
school.
which
that
who
or
5.They
seemed
to
be
too
nervous
and
were
too
anxious
to
leave，so
I
asked
they
wanted
to
go
ahead
of
me
or
not.
6.It
is
only
in
the
last
few
years
free
flying
has
gained
any
real
public
acceptance.
7.Mr.Gough
asked
if
I
really
understood
the
author
tried
to
say
in
his
book.
8.Jane
paused
in
front
of
a
counter
some
attractive
ties
were
on
display.
whether
that
what
where
9.I
was
on
my
way
to
the
Taiyetos
Mountains.The
sun
was
setting
my
car
broke
down
near
a
remote
village
10.To
improve
the
quality
of
our
products，we
asked
for
suggestions
_______
had
used
the
products.
11.Gates
was
only
20
years
old
he
first
helped
to
set
up
the
company
in
1975.
12.So，they
looked
around
for
a
soccer
club
would
be
able
to
do
this
for
them.
when
whoever
when
that/which
13.There
is
a
popular
view
in
city
strangers
are
less
likely
to
help
an
elderly
person.
14.
parents
say
and
do
usually
has
a
life-long
effect
on
their
children.
15.It
is
nearly
fifteen
years
I
last
saw
her—she
is
the
owner
of
a
local
restaurant
where
I
briefly
worked
one
summer
as
a
waitress.
that
What
since
(二)
16.When
you
look
at
great
effects
the
climate
has
on
our
life，you
will
agree
that
it
is
the
most
serious
problem.
17.They
were
also
quite
sure
that
a
cigarette
end
didn’t
start
the
fire.However，several
hours
passed
______
a
fireman
accidentally
discovered
the
cause.
18.Mr.White
is
opposed
to
repairing
the
old
building，and
that’s
_____
I
don’t
agree.
19.She
has
received
the
offer
from
you，but
I
don’t
know
_______
she
will
accept
it
or
not.
what
before
where
whether
20.So
touching
the
song
sound
that
I
couldn’t
hold
my
tears
back
when
I
heard
it
for
the
first
time.
21.
the
boy
is
anything
like
his
father，he
will
grow
to
be
a
man
you
can
be
proud
of.
22.Dr.
Joyce
Poole
is
a
zoologist，
studies
the
sounds
of
elephants.
23.On
an
autumn
afternoon，we
were
sent
to
a
farm
we
learnt
to
plant
potatoes.
24.Anyone
upgrades
their
professional
knowledge
to
a
new
level
can
apply
for
these
courses.
did
If
who
where
who
25.With
an
optimistic
attitude
and
a
strong
will，we
can
overcome
________
difficulties
we
might
meet
with
and
achieve
our
goals.
26.
Shirley
was
three
years
old，her
parents
sent
her
and
her
sisters
to
live
with
their
grandmother
in
Barbados.
27.
you
said
is
right
because
you
are
my
mother.
28.The
Tea
House
has
opened
three
chain
shops
it
first
appeared
in
1999.
29.When
was
it
they
went
abroad?
30.It
was
not
until
she
lost
her
job
she
realized
how
important
it
is
that
one
should
study
all
the
time.
whatever
When
Whatever
since
that
that
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题1处错误)
(一)
1.There
was
a
time
that
I
was
in
hospital.
2.Would
you
like
a
cup
of
coffee
and
shall
we
get
down
to
business
right
away?
3.My
brother
doesn’t
study
very
hard，and
he
always
gets
excellent
grades.
4.What’s
more，it
is
widely
accepted
that
animal
waste
pollutes
the
environment，where
makes
people
quite
uncomfortable.
when
or
but
which
5.
That
surprised
us
most
there
was
the
beauty
of
scenery.
6.It’s
such
beautiful
a
city
that
I
can
hardly
find
any
word
to
describe
it.
7.In
the
morning，we
played
some
games
with
them
when
we
used
to
play
in
our
childhood.
8.For
one
thing，that
you
are
studying
is
badly
needed
nowadays
in
our
country.
What
so
that/which
what
9.I
kept
practicing
after
I
felt
confident
enough
to
challenge
the
good
players
in
my
class.
10.
Whether
I
have
such
a
pen
friend，I
think
we
can
share
our
travelling
experiences
with
each
other，taking
care
of
pets，or
whatever
we
have
in
common.
11.I
told
the
firemen
that
it
was
my
careless
cooking
which
caused
the
heavy
smoke.
until
If
that
12.The
other
day
our
class
had
a
discussion
about
if
we
should
welcome
the
Web
Language.
13.
Unless
anyone
is
in
trouble，you
should
be
ready
to
help
him
or
her.
14.Finally
I
want
to
express
my
hope
which
all
the
younger
fellows
should
make
full
use
of
time.
15.We
can
hear
birds
singing
happily
all
around.Everybody
sleeps
in
tents，that
is
very
exciting.
If
that
which
whether
(二)
16.John
invited
about
40
people
to
his
wedding，most
of
who
are
family
members.
17.But
the
salesgirl
didn’t
understand
that
the
foreigner
was
saying.
18.The
reason
why
they
were
always
poor
was
which
they
paid
little
attention
to
education.
19.Everyone
has
periods
in
their
lives
that
everything
seems
very
hard.
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