上海交大附高2020-2021学年高一下学期期中英语试题 Word版含答案（无听力音频，无文字材料）
文档属性
| 名称 | 上海交大附高2020-2021学年高一下学期期中英语试题 Word版含答案（无听力音频，无文字材料） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 44.7KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 牛津上海版（试用本） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2021-04-29 09:57:30 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
上海交通大学附属中学2020-2021学年度第二学期
高一英语期中试卷
(满分150分，130分钟完成，答案一律写在网上阅卷答题纸上)
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25')
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.
1. A. They are expensive. B. They are fashionable.
C. They don't last long. D. They don't wear easily.
2. A. She has something else to cope with first.
B. She needs to find out where the books of stamps are.
C. She can't deal with the two things at the same time.
D. She doesn't know if there is enough time to mail the letter.
3. A. 150 yuan. B. 50 yuan. C. 100 yuan. D. 200 yuan.
4. A. The quiz will be very short. B. He'll give the quiz at a later lime.
C. The quiz won't be ready until Thursday. D. He'll score the quiz quickly.
5. A. How long the man's phone can work after the battery is charged up.
B. How durable the man's phone battery is after several charges.
C. How durable the man's phone is if the battery is dead.
D. How long it takes to charge the man's phone battery.
6. A. Make another appointment with her doctor.
B. Take the medicine as she was directed to.
C. Rest her back for a few days.
D. Stop taking the medicine.
7. A. She would like to go to the game with the man.
B. She doesn't like watching basketball.
C. She'll sell the man her ticket.
D. She doesn't have a TV set.
8. A. She prefers the door to be open to have some breeze in.
B. She doesn't want her talk with Mr. Smith to be heard.
C. She doesn't mind whether the door is closed or not.
D. She will talk about her privacy with Mrs. Smith.
9. A. Tom's boss has a twin brother. B. The person in black is Tom's boss.
C. Tom didn't know where his boss was. D. The person in black looks like Tom's boss.
10. A. Not many people know the piece of music.
B. He doesn't know the music well enough.
C. He hasn't been playing the piano long.
D. People often ask him to play the music.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. A historic voyage. B. The discovery of New Zealand.
C. A famous explorer. D. The physical features of Australia.
12. A. He wasn't famous rich family. B. He once joined the Royal Navy.
C. He didn't have any schooling. D. He used to work for a fishing village.
13. A. He improved sailors' diet B. He made the first map of Australia.
C. He found a method of preventing a disease. D. He was the first to sail to the Pacific Ocean.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Flour and yeast (酵母) . B. Yeast and salt.
C. Flour and water. D. Water and salt
15. A. Unskillful pizza makers. B. Poor ingredients used to make pizzas.
C. Lack of professional training courses. D. Little attention to this traditional dish.
16. A. To make a pizza taste much better. B. To test whether a pizza is a good one.
C. To show the inside structure of a pizza. D. To prevent customers feeling much too full.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. They contain no students.
B. They have to cook for themselves.
C. Each group has no more than 10 members.
D. Each group has a clear purpose for research.
18. A. He acts as an observer at first. B. He sets some rules in advance.
C. He points out the problems from the start D. He keeps the members away from each other.
19. A. He avoids going to a wildlife park with them.
B. He leaves them enough time for the day trip.
C. He wakes them up earlier than usual.
D. He shouts and screams at them.
20. A. Some game parks. B. Some group members.
C. The difficulties Don has had. D. The suggestions for a camping trip.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (15')
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
21. Within one language, there could be hundreds or even thousands of smaller changes, ________it is due to the age, gender, race, or religion of the speaker.
A. though B. when C. whether D. as
22. The number of Chinese who escaped poverty ________ for more than percent of the world's impoverished people, measured by the poverty threshold set by the World Bank.
A. accounted B. accounting C. were accounted D. having accounted
23. These days, pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world ________ have no tradition of sink into a comfortable couch with a furry creature.
A. where B. that C. in which D. at which
24. Despite the widely shared desire to give more compliments to a friend who has handles a tense situation at work, when ________ with the decision to actually send the compliments, people still often hesitate to engage in this behavior.
A. facing B. faced C. being faced D. having faced
25. The recent discoveries at the Sanxingdui Ruins site further confirm the theory that the pits were used for sacrificial purposes ________ many of the items found had been smashed and burned before being buried.
A. unless B. although C. when D. as
26. China's decades-old one-child policy gained renewed attention in the last few weeks, after authorities gave mixed signals on whether they were closer to ________the limits on how many children people can have.
A. put an end to B. being put an end to C. putting an end to D. be put an end to
27. Among the countries listed in the 2021 World Happiness Report, those at the bottom were mainly underdeveloped countries ________ issues such as political conflicts have been widespread in recent years.
A. of which B. where C. what D. when
28. The president of one of the UK's leading teaching unions said black history should be included in all aspects of the curriculum ________the message that black history is more than the story of slavery.
A. to spread B. spreading C. having spread D. spread
29. Prince Philip championed many causes and charities when alive, including setting up the hugely successful Duke of Edinburgh Award scheme ________at encouraging schoolchildren to take part in character-building activities.
A. aiming B. being aimed C. having aimed D. aimed
30. Around 1. 2 million tones of water polluted by radioactive substances from the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster will be dumped in the Pacific Ocean, and the amount is growing daily as rainfall and groundwater ________ the site continue to be polluted.
A. entered B. having entered C. to enter D. entering
31. The International Olympic Committee confirmed that ________ a decision about whether to allow foreign spectators in Tokyo would be made "as soon as possible, "organizers were willing to wait until June before deciding the number of fans allowed to enter the stadiums.
A. when B. while C. as D. if
32. On April 3, Egyptians witnessed 22 mummies -their country's ancient rulers - ________ from the peach-colored, neoclassical Egyptian Museum to their new resting place, the new National Museum of Egyptian Civilization.
A. transporting B. transport C. to be transported D. transported
33. According to a report, the 2017 action-adventure film Wolf Warrior 2 is currently topping the all-time box office chart ________ all films ever screened in China.
A. covering B. illustrating C. exchanging D. offering
34. In order to regain control over her music, Taylor Swift, one of today's most ________ and sought-after American singer-songwriters, released a new version of her 2008 album, Fearless, on Friday.
A. rated B. celebrated C. motivated D. pursued
35. Apart from academic accomplishments in high school, many other criteria, such as community involvement, leadership, and distinction in extracurricular activities will all be considered by the Committee before the applicants are ________to Harvard.
A. permitted B. allowed C. expected D. admitted
Section B (20')
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
(A)
A. evaluated B. measure C. filtering D. typical
E. designed F. suffer G. resist H. struggling
I. significant J. decline K. considerate
Surfing the Internet during class doesn't just steal focus from the educator; it also hurts. students who're already 36_ to grasp the material. Anew study from Michigan State University, though, argues that all students-including high achievers-see a 37 in performance when they browse the Internet during class for non-academic purposes.
To measure the effects of Internet-based distractions during class, researchers 38 500 students taking an introductory psychology class at Michigan State University. Researchers used ACT scores as a 39__ of intellectual abilities. Because previous research has shown that people with high intellectual abilities are better at __40__ out distractions, researchers believed students with high ACT scores would not show a __41 decrease in performance due to their use of digital devices. But students who surfed the web during class did worse on their exams regardless of their ACT scores, suggesting that even the academically smartest students are harmed when they re distracted in class.
College professors are increasingly raising alarm bells about the effects smartphones, laptops, and tablets have on academic performance. One 2013 study of college students found that 80% of students use their phones or laptops during class, with the average student checking their digital device 11 times in a __42__ class. A quarter of students report that their use of digital devices during class causes their grades to __43__.
Professors sometimes implement policies __44__ to minimize students' use of digital devices, and some instructors even confiscate (没收) tablets and phones. In a world where people are increasingly dependent on their phones, though, such strategies often fail. One international study found that 84% of people say they couldn't go a day without their smartphones. Until students are able to __45__ the pull of social networking, texting, and endlessly surfing the web, they may continue to struggle in their classes.
(B)
A. launch B. dedicated C. identified D. barely
E. hit E specifically G. personalized H. encountered
I. divides J. originals K. devoted
For many young Chinese, neither “The Shepherd in Keketuohai (可可托海的牧羊人) ” nor the name of its original singer, Wang Qi, sounds familiar. Their parents, however, may know every word in the song.
Such generational 46 in musical tastes aren't unusual. What may be surprising is where most middle-aged Chinese people may have first 47 the song: the popular short-video app Douyin. A March search for the song's name on Douyin returned more than seven million clips, many from an increasing number of accounts popular among middle-aged users.
That some Douyin users might not be familiar with a song, even as others are constantly hearing it, is the result of the platform's highly 48 recommendation algorithms (算法) . They are able to produce different video feeds for each user based on their musical preferences and tastes.
In the five years since its 49 in 2016, Douyin has grown into one of China's biggest platforms for pop music. On QQ Music, the largest digital music service provider in the country, songs popular among short-video creators are even ranked on a_ 50 Douyin Chart. The variety and scale of the app's user base mean all genres and styles can find an audience, and more and more artists now choose Douyin to debut their new tracks in the hopes of achieving a viral 51 .
One of the most popular uses for music on an app like Douyin is known as a challenge video. Short clips from songs are played over a well-designed dance, which creators then challenge their followers to imitate. If a given dance challenge shows promise, it- is quickly 52 by the platform's algorithms and pushed to a larger user pool. Over time, more and more pop music has been produced 53 with such uses in mind, and songs are now being composed to be easily adapted to these short video formats.
This trend is having an impact on our relationship to music. Users often find they can 54 recognize or remember the artists, names or the titles of titles songs. Meanwhile, the songs themselves are often cut up to focus only on their catchiest parts, while covers (翻唱版本) often go on to achieve far more fame than the 55
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A Cloze (15')
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
“Physicists, fascinated by mathematical beauty, are failing to solve new problems.” High- class physicists no longer care about physical reality-nor should they. "“Science is over.”
Those are simplified but not entirely misleading summaries of recent books by Sabine Hassenfelder (Lost in Math) , Richard Dawid (String Theory and the Scientific Method) and John Horgan (The End of Science) , 56__. I get asked about these books and their 57 message frequently. For theoretical physicists they are bitter criticism, since they argue that today's physics has gotten itself into a 58__.
But they disagree in their descriptions of the problem. Ms. Hassenfelder argues that physicists need to pay more attention to reality, Mr. Dawid that they can safely ignore it. Mr. Horgan, 59__, thinks that physicists' time is past and they should do something else instead. What's going on here?
Opinions may differ about the current health of physics, but no reasonable person can 60 that it has been a hugely successful enterprise. Without revolutionary 20th-century breakthroughs in quantum physics (量子物理学) and relativity (相对论) , modem technology -including GPS, nuclear power and much more- would be literally __61 .
In the latter part of the 20th century our theoretical understanding reached a very high plateau (稳定期) . The so-called Standard Model of particle physics offers complete and 62 equations (方程) for the behavior of ordinary matter under ordinary conditions (allowing a very generous 63 of the word“ordinary”) .
The theoretical framework of the Standard Model was in place by the 1970s, which predicted and 64__ _remarkable new discoveries and observations, notably including experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks (夸克) . It is a peak of human achievements.
But this grand success is bittersweet. In earlier times, research that added to or changed the theoretical foundations of physics also had practical uses and benefits. Toda、however, discoveries in fundamental physics are __65 to have a significant impact in engineering, chemistry or biology, precisely because we already have well-tested foundations that seem more than adequate for those applications. The physical principles that empower 21 st-century technologies had all been 66 by the 1950s.
When you have reached a high plateau, further improvement gets more difficult. Yet there are still wonderful __67 for new discoveries and technological innovations. We can apply our existing physical knowledge to make innovative and useful things, like computers that make full use of the richness of the quantum world to store and process information more effectively. However, important theoretical questions remain to be answered. 68__, we still haven't got a clear picture of what most of the universe, measured by mass, is made of.
My hero Richard Feynman joked that “Einstein was a giant: His head was in the clouds, but his feet were on the ground. Those of us who are not so tall have to choose!”But I think there is no need to be so 69__. Really, the plateau we've reached is a good place to be. In fact, physics is especially exciting these days, __70__ we're learning how to use our understanding of “ordinary” matter to make machine assistants - computers, sensors and drones - that will amplify and enrich our thoughts, do useful things and explore in all directions.
56. A. relatively B. respectively C. actively D. instinctively
57. A. illustrative B. extensive C. depressive D. aggressive
58. A. failure B. challenge C. peak D. dead-end
59. A. however B. meanwhile C. otherwise D. nevertheless
60. A. promise B. dispute C. confirm D. maintain
61. A. unquestionable B. unthinkable C. feasible D. beneficial
62. A. well-tested B. well-informed C. well-behaved D. well-operated
63. A. interpretation B. usage C. implementation D. translation
64. A. assessed B. praised C. enabled D. improved
65. A. bound C. unlikely D. able B. meant
66. A. invented B. established C. developed D. outdated
67. A. moments B. trends C. milestones D. opportunities
68. A. to be exact B. In conclusion C. For instance D. By contrast
69. A. pessimistic B. optimistic C. realistic D. idealistic
70. A. while B. if C. though D. because
Section B (32')
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to attract students and keep younger faculty members from going elsewhere. It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task is to “solve”problems - real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of people hired - not to teach but to hold meetings-has increased significantly. Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, the center is a clearing house (信息交流中心) for using technology in classrooms and in online courses. It's an administrative sham (欺诈) of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years.
I offer a simple proposal in response: Many of our problems - class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being - might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic (官僚的) mechanisms and meetings and hiring an army of good teachers instead.
If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other. The teachers must be free to teach in their own way-the curriculum should be flexible enough so that they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course.
Additionally, they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are not exclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is utterly confusing to me that people do not recognize this, despite the fact that pretty much anyone who has been a student can tell the difference between their best and worst teachers.
71. What does the author say about present-day universities?
A. They are effectively addressing real or imagined problems.
B. They often fail to combine teaching with research.
C. They are over-burdened with administrative staff
D. They lack talent to fix their deepening problems.
72. According to the author, what kind of people do universities lack most?
A. Good classroom teachers. B. Efficient administrators.
C. Talented researchers. D. Motivated students.
73. What does the author imply about the classes at present?
A. They facilitate students' independent learning.
B. They help students form closer relationships.
C. They have more older students than before.
D. They are much bigger than is desirable.
74. What is the authors suggestion for improving university teaching?
A. Creating an environment for teachers to share their teaching experiences.
B. Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way.
C. Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of in formation.
D. Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms.
(B)
According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.
So why, then, arc women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.
Ifs also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.
Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to die highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate (选民) and American companies are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.
As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in American companies will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances iii the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.
75. What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?
A. They have to do more to distinguish themselves.
B. They have to strive harder to win their positions.
C. They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.
D. They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.
76. What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?
A. They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.
B. They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.
C. Their failures may have something to do with family duties.
D. Relatively few arc hindered in their career advancement.
77. What does the passage say about American companies in the near future?
A. More and more women v/ill sit in the boardroom.
B. Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.
C. The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.
D. People have opposing opinions as to whether they will have more women leaders.
78. What do most Americans expect to see soon on America's political stage?
A. A woman in the highest position of government.
B. More and more women actively engaged in politics.
C. A majority of women voting for a female president.
D. As many women in top government positions as men.
(C)
There was a time when both literature and the study of literature came under the delightful belles lettres-beautiful letters. When the phrase was introduced in the 18th century, literature was considered, at its best, beautiful. Devotees tried to reproduce that beauty in their response to it.
Modernism was a turning point, when literature became more alienated and combative (好斗的) with respect to society. American literature, with its powerful, democratic associations, contributed to the change. Belles lettres seemed too elitist to describe early-20th century writing. The superiority of belles lettres was further undermined by the rise of science as civilization's potential savior. Science was necessary to defend democracy, first during World War 11 and then during the Cold War. Now, it is the means of moving ahead in a competitive, technological society. Who has time for beauty when there is serious work to be done?
The death knell (丧钟) for belles lettres came with a 1959 lecture by the scientist and novelist C.P. Snow, “The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution.”Snow seemed to call for cooperation between science and the humanities, but he was really criticizing the scientific illiteracy of writers and critics who, unlike him, didn't happen to be scientists as well. The problem is that science and the humanities are inherently incommensurate fields. Science builds on its discoveries. It moves forward, so that the past is the literal foundation for the present and future. Literature does not move forward in this way. One need not read Shakespeare to write a play or a poem. By the same token Shakespeare is as relevant today as he was when he wrote.
The simple truth that progress is central to science but not to the humanities is difficult to grasp for people who seek improvement in every walk of life. It fuels the drive to make the humanities scientific-through the use of technical jargon (术语) , general theories about social texts, and quantitative tools to analyze word choice, sentence structure and other aspects of literature.
When the humanities give up their mission and seek shelter from progress, they become dangerous companion to ideological agendas. Students come to feel there is a definitive, “virtuous”reading of an event or a text; they criticize great authors of the past based on the standards of the present. They create a climate that arouses opposition from those who feel excluded or offended by such thinking but who lack the humanistic training to do more than fight back.
We need to be skeptical of beauty and its relationship to truth, but we also need to see truth as beautiful, and to look with skepticism upon the products of a culture that speak to us in ugly, pseudoscientific (伪科学的) ways.
79. In the author's opinion, which of the following statements might C. P. Snow agree with?
A. Cooperation determines the progress of civilization.
B. We don't actually need literature and art.
C. We need the humanities as much as science.
D. A writer who doesn't know science is undesirable
80. What does the word ^incommensurate (Line 1, Para. 4) ”most probably mean?
A. unable to affect and promote each other B. unable to be judged by the same standard
C. related and unable to be totally separated D. mutually exclusive and independent
81. According to the last two paragraphs, what is the unique role of the humanities?
A. to promote civilization of the past B. to encourage openness and tolerance
C. to cultivate the skeptical mind D. to create a climate without criticism
82. What's the subject of the text?
A. Call for due attention to the humanities.
B. Regret about the death of belles Jetties.
C. Challenge to the cooperation between art and science.
D. Criticism on progressives' control of the humanities.
A. This gradually brings communities from different parts of the world together.
B. However, it is clear that globalization is not simply a process that started in the last three decades.
C. For them, the answer depends on when you believe the process of globalization was effectively started.
D. Globalization has enriched the world scientifically and culturally, and has benefitted many people economically as well.
E. Some modem economic historians dispute the argument that the discovery of the Americas accelerated the process of globalization.
F. As villages, towns, countries and continents started trading goods that they were efficient at making for ones they were not. markets became more integrated.
“Globalization”has been a buzzword of the last three decades. The increase in the exchange of knowledge, trade and capital around the world, driven by technological innovation, brought the term into the spotlight.
Some see globalization as a good thing. The United Nations has even predicted that its forces may have the power to eliminate poverty in the 21st century. Others disagree. They may have a point. The International Monetary Fund admitted in 2007 that inequality levels might have risen as a result of foreign capital (资本) investment in developing countries.
However, economic historians suggest that the question of whether the benefits of globalization outweigh the disadvantages is more complicated. 83 . But why does it matter whether globalization started 30, 300, or even 3, 000 years ago? Because it is impossible to say how much of a “good thing”a process is in history without first defining for how long it has been going on.
Although Adam Smith, known as the Father of Economics, never used the word, globalization is a key theme in The Wealth of Nations (《国富论》) , his most important work that remains a classic in economics today. His description of economic develop ment has as its basic pinciple the integration (融合) of markets over time. As the division of labor enables output to expand, the search lor specialization expands trade. 84 .
The trend is nearly as old as civilization. Primitive (原始的) divisions of labor, between hunters and shepherds, grew as villages and trading networks expanded to include wider specializations. Eventually, armorers (军械工) to craft bows and arrows, carpenters to build houses, and seamstress to make clothing, all appeared as specialist artisans. They traded their wares for food produced by the hunters and shepherds. 85 .
This process that Smith described sounds a lot like "globalization/5 even if it was more limited in geographical area than what most people believe the term suggests today.
Globalization has not always been a one-way process. Evidence shows that (here was also “deglobalization” in history, like during the interwar (两次世界大战之间的) period in the 20th century. 86 . It has a history that stretches back for
thousands of years, starting with Smith's primitive hunter-gatherers trading with the next village, and developing into the globally interconnected societies we know today. Whether you consider globalization to be a “good thing,”it appears to be an essential element of the economic history of mankind.
第Ⅰ卷
Section A (15')
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs.
China's Worst Sandstorm
China's worst sandstorm in a decade caused mass disruptions on Monday as vast swathes (广大地区) of the country were thrown into a thick, orange haze of dust and sand, __1 (force) authorities to cancel hundreds of flights, shutter roads and schools, and suspend outdoor activities.
In Beijing, poor visibility paralyzed traffic as residents posted photos of skyscrapers seemingly __2__ (disappear) into the fog and compared images of the haze to scenes in the dystopian 1982 film Blade Runner.
Beijing and 23 other cities recorded “off the chart”levels of air pollution, according to state media. In Beijing, PM 10, a measure of tiny particles in the air often __3__ (associate) with sandstorms, hit more than 9, 000 micrograms per cubic meter, or 180 times the level considered healthy by the World Health Organization. Some residents said they were wearing two masks even while indoors.
Officials in neighboring Mongolia, after the sandstorm 4 (emerge) before sweeping across northern China, were searching for more than 80 herders who had gone missing.
China's National Meteorological Center said it expected 12 provinces and municipalities -an area covering about 160, 000 square miles, about the size of California- 5 (affect) by the storm. The National Health Commission advised residents to stay indoors, seal windows and doors, and to use humidifiers and wet cloth __6__ (deal) with any dust. 7 residents must go outside, they should wear a mask, a hat or scarf to protect their face.
Population Growth in Nineteenth-Century Europe
Because of industrialization and a vast increase in agricultural output, in Europe as a whole, the population rose from 188 million in 1800 to 400 million in 1900. By 1900, virtually every area of Europe 8 (contribute) to the tremendous surge of population.
Improvements in the food supply continued trends that had started hi the late seventeenth century. New lands were put under cultivation, while the use of crops of American origin, particularly the potato, continued to expand. After 1850, the expansion of foods more regularly kept pace with population growth, 9 the poorer classes remained malnourished.
Two developments were crucial. First, the application of science and new technology to agriculture increased. Led by German universities, an increasing number of researches; 10 (devote) to improving seeds, developing chemical fertilizers, and advancing
livestock. Mechanization included the use of horse-drawn harvesters and seed drills, many 11 (develop) initially in the United States. The second development 12 (involve) industrially based transportation. With trains and steam shipping, it became possible to move foods to needy regions within Western Europe quickly. Famine became a thing of the past.
Europe's population growth had included one additional innovation by the nineteenth century - rapid urbanization. With a growing number of people 13 (press) available resources on the land, people crowded into cities to seek work or other resources. During that period, urban death rates remained high, particularly in the lower-class slums, but they began to decline rapidly 14 urban sanitation. (卫生) was greatly improved.
Reformers, including enlightened doctors, began to study the causes of high death rates and to urge reform. For instance, Edwin Chadwick led an urban campaign for underground sewers (下水道) in England in the 1830s. Gradually, public health provisions began to cut into customary urban mortality rates. Around 1900, in some parts of Western, Europe life expectancy in the cities began to surpass 15 of the rural areas. Industrial societies
figured out ways to combine large and growing cities with population growth, a development that would soon spread to other parts of the world.
Section B (16')
Directions: Complete the following sentences with the help of the Chinese given.
1. Given that the building is to be pulled down next year, __________________________（将地下室改造成卧室是没有意义的convert）.
2. In a fast-paced society where competitions remain tough, many of us________________________________（很难更好地实现工作和生活的平衡）.
3. ________________（世界人口翻了不止七倍）since it reached 1 billion in 1805.
4. ________________（受到退学的威胁 threaten）, the difficult students struggled hard to focus on their study.
5. ________________（研发有效新冠疫苗的实验 Covid-19） will contribute to the reopening of the global market and the recovery of the economy.
6. If no measure is taken immediately to prohibit excessive hunting and international trade
in animal products, ________________（大量的濒危动物会灭绝）.
7. With the popularization of Mandarin, ________________（我国各地的方言正以惊人的速度消失）.
8. Due to the prolonged economic recession and the shrinking market, the transnational corporation__________（别无选择只能将预算减半到十二亿）.
Section C (4'+4'+4'=12')
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 这位教师的创新型教学方式在很大程度上吸引了学生的注意力，从而使大多数被认为“孺子不可教”的学生取得很大进步。 (extent)
2. 为了庆祝建党一百周年，我们学校举办了各种各样的活动，比如探访与中共历史相关的遗址。 (celebrate)
3. 面临气候变化带来的多重挑战，所有相关各方应保持联系，加强合作，共同应对由此产生的对生活方方面面的影响。 (contact)
高一年级期中考试答案
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25')
ACDBA BCBDD CACCA BBACA
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (15')
21-35 CABBD CBADD BDABD
Section B (20')
36-45 HJABC IDFEG
46-55 IHGAB ECFDJ
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A Cloze (15')
BCDBB BAACC BDCAD
Section B Reading (32')
71-74 CADB 75-78 DCDA 79-82 DBBD 83-86 CAFB
第Ⅱ卷
Section A (15')
1-7 forcing, disappearing, associated, emerged/had emerged, to be affected/would be affected, to deal, If/When/Whenever
8-15 had contributed, although/though/but, were devoted, developed, involved, pressing, as/since/because, that
Section B (16')
1. Given that the building is to be pulled down next year, there is no point (in) converting the basement into a bedroom/it is pointless to convert the basement into a bedroom.
2. In a fast-paced society where competitions remain tough, many of us have trouble/difficulty (in) striking/keeping/maintaining a better balance between work and life/balancing work and life better.
3 The world population has multiplied more than seven times since it reached 1 billion in 1805.
4 Threatened with expulsion from school/being expelled from school, the difficult students struggled hard to focus on the course.
5 The experiments in developing an effective vaccine for/against Covid-19/Covid-19 vaccines will contribute to the reopening of the global market and the recovery of the economy.
6. If no measure is taken immediately to prohibit excessive hunting and international trade in animal products, a great number of endangered animals will become/go extinct.
7 With the popularization of Mandarin, many local dialects across our country are disappearing at an alarming rate.
8. Due to the prolonged economic recession and the shrinking market, the transnational corporation had no choice but to halve our budget to 1.2 billion.
Section C (4'+4'+4'=12')
1 The teacher's innovative/creative teaching method to a large extent attracted students' attention, which helped most of the unteachable students make great progress.
2. To celebrate the centenary/centennial/100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, a variety of/various activities are held in our school, such as visiting historic sites about/concerning the history of the party.
3. Faced with/Facing multiple challenges from climate change, all parties concerned must keep in contact, strengthen/improve/enhance/promote/facilitate (the) cooperation and deal with its huge influence/impact on all aspects/every aspect of life.
高一英语期中试卷
(满分150分，130分钟完成，答案一律写在网上阅卷答题纸上)
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25')
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.
1. A. They are expensive. B. They are fashionable.
C. They don't last long. D. They don't wear easily.
2. A. She has something else to cope with first.
B. She needs to find out where the books of stamps are.
C. She can't deal with the two things at the same time.
D. She doesn't know if there is enough time to mail the letter.
3. A. 150 yuan. B. 50 yuan. C. 100 yuan. D. 200 yuan.
4. A. The quiz will be very short. B. He'll give the quiz at a later lime.
C. The quiz won't be ready until Thursday. D. He'll score the quiz quickly.
5. A. How long the man's phone can work after the battery is charged up.
B. How durable the man's phone battery is after several charges.
C. How durable the man's phone is if the battery is dead.
D. How long it takes to charge the man's phone battery.
6. A. Make another appointment with her doctor.
B. Take the medicine as she was directed to.
C. Rest her back for a few days.
D. Stop taking the medicine.
7. A. She would like to go to the game with the man.
B. She doesn't like watching basketball.
C. She'll sell the man her ticket.
D. She doesn't have a TV set.
8. A. She prefers the door to be open to have some breeze in.
B. She doesn't want her talk with Mr. Smith to be heard.
C. She doesn't mind whether the door is closed or not.
D. She will talk about her privacy with Mrs. Smith.
9. A. Tom's boss has a twin brother. B. The person in black is Tom's boss.
C. Tom didn't know where his boss was. D. The person in black looks like Tom's boss.
10. A. Not many people know the piece of music.
B. He doesn't know the music well enough.
C. He hasn't been playing the piano long.
D. People often ask him to play the music.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. A historic voyage. B. The discovery of New Zealand.
C. A famous explorer. D. The physical features of Australia.
12. A. He wasn't famous rich family. B. He once joined the Royal Navy.
C. He didn't have any schooling. D. He used to work for a fishing village.
13. A. He improved sailors' diet B. He made the first map of Australia.
C. He found a method of preventing a disease. D. He was the first to sail to the Pacific Ocean.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Flour and yeast (酵母) . B. Yeast and salt.
C. Flour and water. D. Water and salt
15. A. Unskillful pizza makers. B. Poor ingredients used to make pizzas.
C. Lack of professional training courses. D. Little attention to this traditional dish.
16. A. To make a pizza taste much better. B. To test whether a pizza is a good one.
C. To show the inside structure of a pizza. D. To prevent customers feeling much too full.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. They contain no students.
B. They have to cook for themselves.
C. Each group has no more than 10 members.
D. Each group has a clear purpose for research.
18. A. He acts as an observer at first. B. He sets some rules in advance.
C. He points out the problems from the start D. He keeps the members away from each other.
19. A. He avoids going to a wildlife park with them.
B. He leaves them enough time for the day trip.
C. He wakes them up earlier than usual.
D. He shouts and screams at them.
20. A. Some game parks. B. Some group members.
C. The difficulties Don has had. D. The suggestions for a camping trip.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (15')
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
21. Within one language, there could be hundreds or even thousands of smaller changes, ________it is due to the age, gender, race, or religion of the speaker.
A. though B. when C. whether D. as
22. The number of Chinese who escaped poverty ________ for more than percent of the world's impoverished people, measured by the poverty threshold set by the World Bank.
A. accounted B. accounting C. were accounted D. having accounted
23. These days, pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world ________ have no tradition of sink into a comfortable couch with a furry creature.
A. where B. that C. in which D. at which
24. Despite the widely shared desire to give more compliments to a friend who has handles a tense situation at work, when ________ with the decision to actually send the compliments, people still often hesitate to engage in this behavior.
A. facing B. faced C. being faced D. having faced
25. The recent discoveries at the Sanxingdui Ruins site further confirm the theory that the pits were used for sacrificial purposes ________ many of the items found had been smashed and burned before being buried.
A. unless B. although C. when D. as
26. China's decades-old one-child policy gained renewed attention in the last few weeks, after authorities gave mixed signals on whether they were closer to ________the limits on how many children people can have.
A. put an end to B. being put an end to C. putting an end to D. be put an end to
27. Among the countries listed in the 2021 World Happiness Report, those at the bottom were mainly underdeveloped countries ________ issues such as political conflicts have been widespread in recent years.
A. of which B. where C. what D. when
28. The president of one of the UK's leading teaching unions said black history should be included in all aspects of the curriculum ________the message that black history is more than the story of slavery.
A. to spread B. spreading C. having spread D. spread
29. Prince Philip championed many causes and charities when alive, including setting up the hugely successful Duke of Edinburgh Award scheme ________at encouraging schoolchildren to take part in character-building activities.
A. aiming B. being aimed C. having aimed D. aimed
30. Around 1. 2 million tones of water polluted by radioactive substances from the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster will be dumped in the Pacific Ocean, and the amount is growing daily as rainfall and groundwater ________ the site continue to be polluted.
A. entered B. having entered C. to enter D. entering
31. The International Olympic Committee confirmed that ________ a decision about whether to allow foreign spectators in Tokyo would be made "as soon as possible, "organizers were willing to wait until June before deciding the number of fans allowed to enter the stadiums.
A. when B. while C. as D. if
32. On April 3, Egyptians witnessed 22 mummies -their country's ancient rulers - ________ from the peach-colored, neoclassical Egyptian Museum to their new resting place, the new National Museum of Egyptian Civilization.
A. transporting B. transport C. to be transported D. transported
33. According to a report, the 2017 action-adventure film Wolf Warrior 2 is currently topping the all-time box office chart ________ all films ever screened in China.
A. covering B. illustrating C. exchanging D. offering
34. In order to regain control over her music, Taylor Swift, one of today's most ________ and sought-after American singer-songwriters, released a new version of her 2008 album, Fearless, on Friday.
A. rated B. celebrated C. motivated D. pursued
35. Apart from academic accomplishments in high school, many other criteria, such as community involvement, leadership, and distinction in extracurricular activities will all be considered by the Committee before the applicants are ________to Harvard.
A. permitted B. allowed C. expected D. admitted
Section B (20')
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
(A)
A. evaluated B. measure C. filtering D. typical
E. designed F. suffer G. resist H. struggling
I. significant J. decline K. considerate
Surfing the Internet during class doesn't just steal focus from the educator; it also hurts. students who're already 36_ to grasp the material. Anew study from Michigan State University, though, argues that all students-including high achievers-see a 37 in performance when they browse the Internet during class for non-academic purposes.
To measure the effects of Internet-based distractions during class, researchers 38 500 students taking an introductory psychology class at Michigan State University. Researchers used ACT scores as a 39__ of intellectual abilities. Because previous research has shown that people with high intellectual abilities are better at __40__ out distractions, researchers believed students with high ACT scores would not show a __41 decrease in performance due to their use of digital devices. But students who surfed the web during class did worse on their exams regardless of their ACT scores, suggesting that even the academically smartest students are harmed when they re distracted in class.
College professors are increasingly raising alarm bells about the effects smartphones, laptops, and tablets have on academic performance. One 2013 study of college students found that 80% of students use their phones or laptops during class, with the average student checking their digital device 11 times in a __42__ class. A quarter of students report that their use of digital devices during class causes their grades to __43__.
Professors sometimes implement policies __44__ to minimize students' use of digital devices, and some instructors even confiscate (没收) tablets and phones. In a world where people are increasingly dependent on their phones, though, such strategies often fail. One international study found that 84% of people say they couldn't go a day without their smartphones. Until students are able to __45__ the pull of social networking, texting, and endlessly surfing the web, they may continue to struggle in their classes.
(B)
A. launch B. dedicated C. identified D. barely
E. hit E specifically G. personalized H. encountered
I. divides J. originals K. devoted
For many young Chinese, neither “The Shepherd in Keketuohai (可可托海的牧羊人) ” nor the name of its original singer, Wang Qi, sounds familiar. Their parents, however, may know every word in the song.
Such generational 46 in musical tastes aren't unusual. What may be surprising is where most middle-aged Chinese people may have first 47 the song: the popular short-video app Douyin. A March search for the song's name on Douyin returned more than seven million clips, many from an increasing number of accounts popular among middle-aged users.
That some Douyin users might not be familiar with a song, even as others are constantly hearing it, is the result of the platform's highly 48 recommendation algorithms (算法) . They are able to produce different video feeds for each user based on their musical preferences and tastes.
In the five years since its 49 in 2016, Douyin has grown into one of China's biggest platforms for pop music. On QQ Music, the largest digital music service provider in the country, songs popular among short-video creators are even ranked on a_ 50 Douyin Chart. The variety and scale of the app's user base mean all genres and styles can find an audience, and more and more artists now choose Douyin to debut their new tracks in the hopes of achieving a viral 51 .
One of the most popular uses for music on an app like Douyin is known as a challenge video. Short clips from songs are played over a well-designed dance, which creators then challenge their followers to imitate. If a given dance challenge shows promise, it- is quickly 52 by the platform's algorithms and pushed to a larger user pool. Over time, more and more pop music has been produced 53 with such uses in mind, and songs are now being composed to be easily adapted to these short video formats.
This trend is having an impact on our relationship to music. Users often find they can 54 recognize or remember the artists, names or the titles of titles songs. Meanwhile, the songs themselves are often cut up to focus only on their catchiest parts, while covers (翻唱版本) often go on to achieve far more fame than the 55
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A Cloze (15')
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
“Physicists, fascinated by mathematical beauty, are failing to solve new problems.” High- class physicists no longer care about physical reality-nor should they. "“Science is over.”
Those are simplified but not entirely misleading summaries of recent books by Sabine Hassenfelder (Lost in Math) , Richard Dawid (String Theory and the Scientific Method) and John Horgan (The End of Science) , 56__. I get asked about these books and their 57 message frequently. For theoretical physicists they are bitter criticism, since they argue that today's physics has gotten itself into a 58__.
But they disagree in their descriptions of the problem. Ms. Hassenfelder argues that physicists need to pay more attention to reality, Mr. Dawid that they can safely ignore it. Mr. Horgan, 59__, thinks that physicists' time is past and they should do something else instead. What's going on here?
Opinions may differ about the current health of physics, but no reasonable person can 60 that it has been a hugely successful enterprise. Without revolutionary 20th-century breakthroughs in quantum physics (量子物理学) and relativity (相对论) , modem technology -including GPS, nuclear power and much more- would be literally __61 .
In the latter part of the 20th century our theoretical understanding reached a very high plateau (稳定期) . The so-called Standard Model of particle physics offers complete and 62 equations (方程) for the behavior of ordinary matter under ordinary conditions (allowing a very generous 63 of the word“ordinary”) .
The theoretical framework of the Standard Model was in place by the 1970s, which predicted and 64__ _remarkable new discoveries and observations, notably including experimental confirmation of the existence of quarks (夸克) . It is a peak of human achievements.
But this grand success is bittersweet. In earlier times, research that added to or changed the theoretical foundations of physics also had practical uses and benefits. Toda、however, discoveries in fundamental physics are __65 to have a significant impact in engineering, chemistry or biology, precisely because we already have well-tested foundations that seem more than adequate for those applications. The physical principles that empower 21 st-century technologies had all been 66 by the 1950s.
When you have reached a high plateau, further improvement gets more difficult. Yet there are still wonderful __67 for new discoveries and technological innovations. We can apply our existing physical knowledge to make innovative and useful things, like computers that make full use of the richness of the quantum world to store and process information more effectively. However, important theoretical questions remain to be answered. 68__, we still haven't got a clear picture of what most of the universe, measured by mass, is made of.
My hero Richard Feynman joked that “Einstein was a giant: His head was in the clouds, but his feet were on the ground. Those of us who are not so tall have to choose!”But I think there is no need to be so 69__. Really, the plateau we've reached is a good place to be. In fact, physics is especially exciting these days, __70__ we're learning how to use our understanding of “ordinary” matter to make machine assistants - computers, sensors and drones - that will amplify and enrich our thoughts, do useful things and explore in all directions.
56. A. relatively B. respectively C. actively D. instinctively
57. A. illustrative B. extensive C. depressive D. aggressive
58. A. failure B. challenge C. peak D. dead-end
59. A. however B. meanwhile C. otherwise D. nevertheless
60. A. promise B. dispute C. confirm D. maintain
61. A. unquestionable B. unthinkable C. feasible D. beneficial
62. A. well-tested B. well-informed C. well-behaved D. well-operated
63. A. interpretation B. usage C. implementation D. translation
64. A. assessed B. praised C. enabled D. improved
65. A. bound C. unlikely D. able B. meant
66. A. invented B. established C. developed D. outdated
67. A. moments B. trends C. milestones D. opportunities
68. A. to be exact B. In conclusion C. For instance D. By contrast
69. A. pessimistic B. optimistic C. realistic D. idealistic
70. A. while B. if C. though D. because
Section B (32')
Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to attract students and keep younger faculty members from going elsewhere. It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task is to “solve”problems - real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of people hired - not to teach but to hold meetings-has increased significantly. Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, the center is a clearing house (信息交流中心) for using technology in classrooms and in online courses. It's an administrative sham (欺诈) of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years.
I offer a simple proposal in response: Many of our problems - class attendance, educational success, student happiness and well-being - might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic (官僚的) mechanisms and meetings and hiring an army of good teachers instead.
If we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher. This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other. The teachers must be free to teach in their own way-the curriculum should be flexible enough so that they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course.
Additionally, they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are not exclusive, but they are also not automatic companions. Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is utterly confusing to me that people do not recognize this, despite the fact that pretty much anyone who has been a student can tell the difference between their best and worst teachers.
71. What does the author say about present-day universities?
A. They are effectively addressing real or imagined problems.
B. They often fail to combine teaching with research.
C. They are over-burdened with administrative staff
D. They lack talent to fix their deepening problems.
72. According to the author, what kind of people do universities lack most?
A. Good classroom teachers. B. Efficient administrators.
C. Talented researchers. D. Motivated students.
73. What does the author imply about the classes at present?
A. They facilitate students' independent learning.
B. They help students form closer relationships.
C. They have more older students than before.
D. They are much bigger than is desirable.
74. What is the authors suggestion for improving university teaching?
A. Creating an environment for teachers to share their teaching experiences.
B. Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way.
C. Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of in formation.
D. Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms.
(B)
According to the majority of Americans, women are every bit as capable of being good political leaders as men. The same can be said of their ability to dominate the corporate boardroom. And according to a new Pew Research Center survey on women and leadership, most Americans find women indistinguishable from men on key leadership traits such as intelligence and capacity for innovation, with many saying they're stronger than men in terms of being passionate and organized leaders.
So why, then, arc women in short supply at the top of government and business in the United States? According to the public, at least, it's not that they lack toughness, management talent or proper skill sets.
Ifs also not all about work-life balance. Although economic research and previous survey findings have shown that career interruptions related to motherhood may make it harder for women to advance in their careers and compete for top executive jobs, relatively few adults in the recent survey point to this as a key barrier for women seeking leadership roles. Only about one-in-five say women's family responsibilities are a major reason why there aren't more females in top leadership positions in business and politics.
Instead, topping the list of reasons, about four-in-ten Americans point to a double standard for women seeking to climb to die highest levels of either politics or business, where they have to do more than their male counterparts to prove themselves. Similar shares say the electorate (选民) and American companies are just not ready to put more women in top leadership positions.
As a result, the public is divided about whether the imbalance in American companies will change in the foreseeable future, even though women have made major advances iii the workplace. While 53% believe men will continue to hold more top executive positions in business in the future, 44% say it's only a matter of time before as many women are in top executive positions as men. Americans are less doubtful when it comes to politics: 73% expect to see a female president in their lifetime.
75. What do most Americans think of women leaders according to a new Pew Research Center survey?
A. They have to do more to distinguish themselves.
B. They have to strive harder to win their positions.
C. They are stronger than men in terms of willpower.
D. They are just as intelligent and innovative as men.
76. What do we learn from previous survey findings about women seeking leadership roles?
A. They have unconquerable difficulties on their way to success.
B. They are lacking in confidence when competing with men.
C. Their failures may have something to do with family duties.
D. Relatively few arc hindered in their career advancement.
77. What does the passage say about American companies in the near future?
A. More and more women v/ill sit in the boardroom.
B. Gender imbalance in leadership is likely to change.
C. The public is undecided about whether women will make good leaders.
D. People have opposing opinions as to whether they will have more women leaders.
78. What do most Americans expect to see soon on America's political stage?
A. A woman in the highest position of government.
B. More and more women actively engaged in politics.
C. A majority of women voting for a female president.
D. As many women in top government positions as men.
(C)
There was a time when both literature and the study of literature came under the delightful belles lettres-beautiful letters. When the phrase was introduced in the 18th century, literature was considered, at its best, beautiful. Devotees tried to reproduce that beauty in their response to it.
Modernism was a turning point, when literature became more alienated and combative (好斗的) with respect to society. American literature, with its powerful, democratic associations, contributed to the change. Belles lettres seemed too elitist to describe early-20th century writing. The superiority of belles lettres was further undermined by the rise of science as civilization's potential savior. Science was necessary to defend democracy, first during World War 11 and then during the Cold War. Now, it is the means of moving ahead in a competitive, technological society. Who has time for beauty when there is serious work to be done?
The death knell (丧钟) for belles lettres came with a 1959 lecture by the scientist and novelist C.P. Snow, “The Two Cultures and the Scientific Revolution.”Snow seemed to call for cooperation between science and the humanities, but he was really criticizing the scientific illiteracy of writers and critics who, unlike him, didn't happen to be scientists as well. The problem is that science and the humanities are inherently incommensurate fields. Science builds on its discoveries. It moves forward, so that the past is the literal foundation for the present and future. Literature does not move forward in this way. One need not read Shakespeare to write a play or a poem. By the same token Shakespeare is as relevant today as he was when he wrote.
The simple truth that progress is central to science but not to the humanities is difficult to grasp for people who seek improvement in every walk of life. It fuels the drive to make the humanities scientific-through the use of technical jargon (术语) , general theories about social texts, and quantitative tools to analyze word choice, sentence structure and other aspects of literature.
When the humanities give up their mission and seek shelter from progress, they become dangerous companion to ideological agendas. Students come to feel there is a definitive, “virtuous”reading of an event or a text; they criticize great authors of the past based on the standards of the present. They create a climate that arouses opposition from those who feel excluded or offended by such thinking but who lack the humanistic training to do more than fight back.
We need to be skeptical of beauty and its relationship to truth, but we also need to see truth as beautiful, and to look with skepticism upon the products of a culture that speak to us in ugly, pseudoscientific (伪科学的) ways.
79. In the author's opinion, which of the following statements might C. P. Snow agree with?
A. Cooperation determines the progress of civilization.
B. We don't actually need literature and art.
C. We need the humanities as much as science.
D. A writer who doesn't know science is undesirable
80. What does the word ^incommensurate (Line 1, Para. 4) ”most probably mean?
A. unable to affect and promote each other B. unable to be judged by the same standard
C. related and unable to be totally separated D. mutually exclusive and independent
81. According to the last two paragraphs, what is the unique role of the humanities?
A. to promote civilization of the past B. to encourage openness and tolerance
C. to cultivate the skeptical mind D. to create a climate without criticism
82. What's the subject of the text?
A. Call for due attention to the humanities.
B. Regret about the death of belles Jetties.
C. Challenge to the cooperation between art and science.
D. Criticism on progressives' control of the humanities.
A. This gradually brings communities from different parts of the world together.
B. However, it is clear that globalization is not simply a process that started in the last three decades.
C. For them, the answer depends on when you believe the process of globalization was effectively started.
D. Globalization has enriched the world scientifically and culturally, and has benefitted many people economically as well.
E. Some modem economic historians dispute the argument that the discovery of the Americas accelerated the process of globalization.
F. As villages, towns, countries and continents started trading goods that they were efficient at making for ones they were not. markets became more integrated.
“Globalization”has been a buzzword of the last three decades. The increase in the exchange of knowledge, trade and capital around the world, driven by technological innovation, brought the term into the spotlight.
Some see globalization as a good thing. The United Nations has even predicted that its forces may have the power to eliminate poverty in the 21st century. Others disagree. They may have a point. The International Monetary Fund admitted in 2007 that inequality levels might have risen as a result of foreign capital (资本) investment in developing countries.
However, economic historians suggest that the question of whether the benefits of globalization outweigh the disadvantages is more complicated. 83 . But why does it matter whether globalization started 30, 300, or even 3, 000 years ago? Because it is impossible to say how much of a “good thing”a process is in history without first defining for how long it has been going on.
Although Adam Smith, known as the Father of Economics, never used the word, globalization is a key theme in The Wealth of Nations (《国富论》) , his most important work that remains a classic in economics today. His description of economic develop ment has as its basic pinciple the integration (融合) of markets over time. As the division of labor enables output to expand, the search lor specialization expands trade. 84 .
The trend is nearly as old as civilization. Primitive (原始的) divisions of labor, between hunters and shepherds, grew as villages and trading networks expanded to include wider specializations. Eventually, armorers (军械工) to craft bows and arrows, carpenters to build houses, and seamstress to make clothing, all appeared as specialist artisans. They traded their wares for food produced by the hunters and shepherds. 85 .
This process that Smith described sounds a lot like "globalization/5 even if it was more limited in geographical area than what most people believe the term suggests today.
Globalization has not always been a one-way process. Evidence shows that (here was also “deglobalization” in history, like during the interwar (两次世界大战之间的) period in the 20th century. 86 . It has a history that stretches back for
thousands of years, starting with Smith's primitive hunter-gatherers trading with the next village, and developing into the globally interconnected societies we know today. Whether you consider globalization to be a “good thing,”it appears to be an essential element of the economic history of mankind.
第Ⅰ卷
Section A (15')
Directions: Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs.
China's Worst Sandstorm
China's worst sandstorm in a decade caused mass disruptions on Monday as vast swathes (广大地区) of the country were thrown into a thick, orange haze of dust and sand, __1 (force) authorities to cancel hundreds of flights, shutter roads and schools, and suspend outdoor activities.
In Beijing, poor visibility paralyzed traffic as residents posted photos of skyscrapers seemingly __2__ (disappear) into the fog and compared images of the haze to scenes in the dystopian 1982 film Blade Runner.
Beijing and 23 other cities recorded “off the chart”levels of air pollution, according to state media. In Beijing, PM 10, a measure of tiny particles in the air often __3__ (associate) with sandstorms, hit more than 9, 000 micrograms per cubic meter, or 180 times the level considered healthy by the World Health Organization. Some residents said they were wearing two masks even while indoors.
Officials in neighboring Mongolia, after the sandstorm 4 (emerge) before sweeping across northern China, were searching for more than 80 herders who had gone missing.
China's National Meteorological Center said it expected 12 provinces and municipalities -an area covering about 160, 000 square miles, about the size of California- 5 (affect) by the storm. The National Health Commission advised residents to stay indoors, seal windows and doors, and to use humidifiers and wet cloth __6__ (deal) with any dust. 7 residents must go outside, they should wear a mask, a hat or scarf to protect their face.
Population Growth in Nineteenth-Century Europe
Because of industrialization and a vast increase in agricultural output, in Europe as a whole, the population rose from 188 million in 1800 to 400 million in 1900. By 1900, virtually every area of Europe 8 (contribute) to the tremendous surge of population.
Improvements in the food supply continued trends that had started hi the late seventeenth century. New lands were put under cultivation, while the use of crops of American origin, particularly the potato, continued to expand. After 1850, the expansion of foods more regularly kept pace with population growth, 9 the poorer classes remained malnourished.
Two developments were crucial. First, the application of science and new technology to agriculture increased. Led by German universities, an increasing number of researches; 10 (devote) to improving seeds, developing chemical fertilizers, and advancing
livestock. Mechanization included the use of horse-drawn harvesters and seed drills, many 11 (develop) initially in the United States. The second development 12 (involve) industrially based transportation. With trains and steam shipping, it became possible to move foods to needy regions within Western Europe quickly. Famine became a thing of the past.
Europe's population growth had included one additional innovation by the nineteenth century - rapid urbanization. With a growing number of people 13 (press) available resources on the land, people crowded into cities to seek work or other resources. During that period, urban death rates remained high, particularly in the lower-class slums, but they began to decline rapidly 14 urban sanitation. (卫生) was greatly improved.
Reformers, including enlightened doctors, began to study the causes of high death rates and to urge reform. For instance, Edwin Chadwick led an urban campaign for underground sewers (下水道) in England in the 1830s. Gradually, public health provisions began to cut into customary urban mortality rates. Around 1900, in some parts of Western, Europe life expectancy in the cities began to surpass 15 of the rural areas. Industrial societies
figured out ways to combine large and growing cities with population growth, a development that would soon spread to other parts of the world.
Section B (16')
Directions: Complete the following sentences with the help of the Chinese given.
1. Given that the building is to be pulled down next year, __________________________（将地下室改造成卧室是没有意义的convert）.
2. In a fast-paced society where competitions remain tough, many of us________________________________（很难更好地实现工作和生活的平衡）.
3. ________________（世界人口翻了不止七倍）since it reached 1 billion in 1805.
4. ________________（受到退学的威胁 threaten）, the difficult students struggled hard to focus on their study.
5. ________________（研发有效新冠疫苗的实验 Covid-19） will contribute to the reopening of the global market and the recovery of the economy.
6. If no measure is taken immediately to prohibit excessive hunting and international trade
in animal products, ________________（大量的濒危动物会灭绝）.
7. With the popularization of Mandarin, ________________（我国各地的方言正以惊人的速度消失）.
8. Due to the prolonged economic recession and the shrinking market, the transnational corporation__________（别无选择只能将预算减半到十二亿）.
Section C (4'+4'+4'=12')
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 这位教师的创新型教学方式在很大程度上吸引了学生的注意力，从而使大多数被认为“孺子不可教”的学生取得很大进步。 (extent)
2. 为了庆祝建党一百周年，我们学校举办了各种各样的活动，比如探访与中共历史相关的遗址。 (celebrate)
3. 面临气候变化带来的多重挑战，所有相关各方应保持联系，加强合作，共同应对由此产生的对生活方方面面的影响。 (contact)
高一年级期中考试答案
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25')
ACDBA BCBDD CACCA BBACA
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (15')
21-35 CABBD CBADD BDABD
Section B (20')
36-45 HJABC IDFEG
46-55 IHGAB ECFDJ
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A Cloze (15')
BCDBB BAACC BDCAD
Section B Reading (32')
71-74 CADB 75-78 DCDA 79-82 DBBD 83-86 CAFB
第Ⅱ卷
Section A (15')
1-7 forcing, disappearing, associated, emerged/had emerged, to be affected/would be affected, to deal, If/When/Whenever
8-15 had contributed, although/though/but, were devoted, developed, involved, pressing, as/since/because, that
Section B (16')
1. Given that the building is to be pulled down next year, there is no point (in) converting the basement into a bedroom/it is pointless to convert the basement into a bedroom.
2. In a fast-paced society where competitions remain tough, many of us have trouble/difficulty (in) striking/keeping/maintaining a better balance between work and life/balancing work and life better.
3 The world population has multiplied more than seven times since it reached 1 billion in 1805.
4 Threatened with expulsion from school/being expelled from school, the difficult students struggled hard to focus on the course.
5 The experiments in developing an effective vaccine for/against Covid-19/Covid-19 vaccines will contribute to the reopening of the global market and the recovery of the economy.
6. If no measure is taken immediately to prohibit excessive hunting and international trade in animal products, a great number of endangered animals will become/go extinct.
7 With the popularization of Mandarin, many local dialects across our country are disappearing at an alarming rate.
8. Due to the prolonged economic recession and the shrinking market, the transnational corporation had no choice but to halve our budget to 1.2 billion.
Section C (4'+4'+4'=12')
1 The teacher's innovative/creative teaching method to a large extent attracted students' attention, which helped most of the unteachable students make great progress.
2. To celebrate the centenary/centennial/100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China, a variety of/various activities are held in our school, such as visiting historic sites about/concerning the history of the party.
3. Faced with/Facing multiple challenges from climate change, all parties concerned must keep in contact, strengthen/improve/enhance/promote/facilitate (the) cooperation and deal with its huge influence/impact on all aspects/every aspect of life.
同课章节目录