2014_2019年上海高考真题汇编—选词填空（含答案）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2015~2019年上海高考真题汇编—选词填空
2019年秋考
Directions:
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
comprehen
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)sively
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)B.
counting
C.
determined
D.
distraction
E.
environmental
F.
focus
G.
moderate
H.
modified
I.
naturally
J.
performing
K.
worsening
Myopia
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网?),
or
short-sightedness,
is
a
condition
in
which
distant
objects
appear
blurred
(模糊的),
but
closer
objects
can
usually
be
seen
in
sharp
focus.
Its
biological
basis
is
an
eye
that,
during
childhood,
has
grown
too
long
for
its
optical
power.
The
focal
plane
for
images
of
distant
objects
ends
up
in
front
of
the
retina,
causing
out-of-(31)
______
perception.2-1-c-n-j-y
Myopia
was
once
regarded
as
almost
totally
genetically
(32)
______.
But
its
prevalence
(流行)
has
increased
spectacularly
in
urban
mainland
China,
Hong
Kong,
Taiwan,
Singapore,
Japan
and
South
Korea,
where
80-90%
of
those
completing
high
school
are
now
short-sighted.
This
is
up
from
20-30%
only
two
generations
ago.
Since
gene
pools
do
not
change
that
fast,
these
massive
changes
must
be
due
to
(33)
______
change.
In
2005,?we
(34)______
reviewed
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网?)?the
research
on
myopia
and
found
a
correlation
with
education.
(This
was
not
a
particularly
novel
insight;
such
a
link
was
postulated
as
far
back
as
Kepler
in
1604.)
We
found?locations
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网?)?with
a
high
prevalence
of
myopia
were
all
top
performers
in
surveys
of
international
educational
outcomes
Fortunately,
not
all
high-(35)
______
locations,
Australia
among
them,
showed
a
high
prevalence
of
myopia.
This
shows
that
high
educational
outcomes
do
not
necessarily?lead?to
myopia.
We
also
hypothesised
that
all
human
population
groups
had
a
tendency
to
develop
myopia
under
particular
environmental
conditions.
Indeed,?North
America
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网?)?and?Europe
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网?)?have
seen
growing
rates
of
myopia,
although
they
are
still
nowhere
near
as
high
as
in
East
and
Southeast
Asia.
A
common
cutoff
for
high
myopia
is
-5
diopters（屈光度）.
This
means
vision
is
blurred
beyond
20cm
from
the
eyes.
Such
severe
or
high
myopia
increases
with
age
and?can
lead
to
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com"
\o
"欢迎登陆21世纪教育网?)?visual
impairment
that
can’t
be
corrected.
The
prevalence
of
high
myopia
has
now
reached
20%
in
young
adults
in
East
and
Southeast
Asia,
which
foreshadows
major
increases
in
visual
(36)
______
and
blindness
as
these
young
adults
age.
So
prevention
of
myopia
has
become
crucial,
particularly
for
East
and
Southeast
Asia.
Australia
has
(
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)37)
______
low
levels
of
myopia
with
a
lifestyle
that
emphasizes
outdoors
activities.
Young
children
report
spending
two
to
three
hours
a
day
outside,
not
(38)
______
time
outdoors
at
school.
However,
there
are
formidable
barriers
to
achieving
this
benchmark
in
locations
where
spending
time
outdoors
is
seen
as
a(n)
(39)
______
from
study.
Policy
responses
must
therefore
also
aim
to
slow
the
progression
of
myopia,
the
phenomenon
in
which
mild
to
(40)
______
myopia
becomes
more
severe
during
childhood.
There
is
currently
controversy
over
whether
time
outdoors
slows
progression,
but
strong
seasonal
effects
on
progression
suggest
that
it
may.
答案:
FCEAJ
KIBDG
2019年春考
Directions:
Fill
in
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.?repetitiv
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
B.
continually
C.
alerts?
D.
pattern?
E.
locate
F.
mentalG.
challenge
H.
network
I.
evolving
J.
reversely
?
K.
literacy
Bill
Drayton
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)believes
we’re
in
the
middle
of
a
necessary
but
painful
historical
transition.
For
millenniums
most
people's
lives
had
a
certain
___31___.
You
went
to
school
to
learn
a
trade
or
a
skill-baking,
farming
or
accounting.
Then
you
could
go
into
the
workforce
and
make
a
good
living
repeating
the
same
skill
over
the
course
of
your
career.
But
these
days
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)machines
can
do
pretty
much
anything
that's
___32___.
The
new
world
requires
a
different
sort
of
person.
Drayton
calls
this
new
sort
of
personal
changemaker.
Changemakers
are
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
people
who
can
see
the
patterns
around
them,
identify
the
problems
in
any
situation,
figure
out
ways
to
solve
the
problem,
organize
fluid
teams,
lead
collective
action
and
then
___33___
adapt
as
situations
change.
For
example,
Ashoka
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)fellow
Andrés
Gallardo
is
a
Mexican
who
lived
in
a
high
crime
neighborhood.
He
created
an
app,
called
Haus,
that
allows
people
to
___34___
with
their
neighbors.
The
app
has
a
panic
button
that
___35___
everybody
in
the
neighborhood
when
a
crime
is
happening.
It
allows
neighbors
to
organize,
chat,
share
crime
statistics
and
work
together.
To
form
and
lead
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)his
community
of
communities,
Gallardo
had
to
possess
what
Drayton
calls
"cognitive
empathy-based
living
for
the
good
of
all."
Cognitive
empathy
is
the
ability
to
perceive
how
people
are
feeling
in
___36___
circumstances.
"For
the
good
of
all"
is
the
capacity
to
build
teams.
It
doesn't
mat
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ter
if
you
are
working
in
the
cafeteria
or
the
inspection
line
of
a
plant,
companies
will
now
only
hire
people
who
can
___37___
problems
and
organize
responses.
Millions
of
peopl
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)e
already
live
with
this
mind-set.
But
a
lot
of
people
still
inhabit
the
world
of
following
rules
and
repetitive
skills.
They
hear
society
telling
them:
"We
don't
need
you.
We
don't
need
your
kids,
either."
Of
course,
those
people
go
into
reactionary
mode
and
strike
back.
The
central
___38___
of
our
time,
Drayton
says,
is
to
make
everyone
a
changemaker.
In
an
earlier
era,
he
says,
society
realized
it
needed
universal
___39___.
Today,
schools
have
to
develop
the
curriculums
and
assessments
to
make
the
changemaking
mentality
universal.
They
have
to
understand
this
is
their
criteria
for
success.
Ashoka
has
studied
s
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ocial
movements
to
find
out
how
this
kind
of
___40___
shift
can
be
promoted.
It
turns
out
that
successful
movements
take
similar
steps.
答案:
DABHC
IEGKF
2018年秋考
Directions:
Fill
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.committed
?B.
co
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)mpared
?C.
contact?
D.
delegation?
E.
destructiveF.
humble
G.?negotiate
?H.
respelled
?I.
similar
?J.
superiors?
K.
witnessed
Some
Very
“American”
Words
Come
from
Chinese
Many
of
the
Ch
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)inese
words
that
are
now
part
of
English
were
borrowed
long
ago.
They
are
most
often
from
Cantonese
or
other
Chinese
languages
rather
than
Mandarin.?Let’s
start
to
learn
them.21教育名师原创作品
kowtow
The
English
wo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rd?kowtow?is
a
verb
that
means
to
agree
too
easily
to
do
what
someone
else
wants
you
to
do,
or
to
obey
someone
with
power
in
a
way
that
seems
weak.?It
comes
from
the
Cantonese
word?kau
tau,
which
means
"knock
your
head."
It
refers
to
the
act
of?kneeling?and
lowering
one's
head
as
a
sign
of
respect
to?___31___?–
such
as
emperors,
elders
and
leaders.
In
the
case
of
emperors,
the
act
required
the
person
to
touch
their
head
to
the
ground.?Britain's
Lord
George
Macartney
refused
to
"kau
tau"
to
the
Qianlong
Emperor.
Soon
after,
the
English
word
"kowtow"
was
born.?In
1793,
Britain's
King
George
III
sent
Lord
George
Macartney
and
other
trade
ambassadors
to
China
to
___32___?a
trade
agreement.
The
Chinese
asked
them
to
kowtow
to
the
Qianlong
Emperor.
As
the
story
goes,
Lord
Macartney
refused
for
his?___33___?to
do
more
than
bend
their
knees.
He
said
that
was
all
they
were
required
to
do
for
their
own
king.2·1·c·n·j·y
It
is
not
surpri
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)sing,
then,
that
Macartney
left
China
without
negotiating
the
trade
agreement.?After
that,
critics
used
the
word
kowtow
when
anyone
was
too?submissive?to
China.
Today,
the
usage
has
no
connection
to
China,
nor
any
specific
political
connection.21
cnjy
com
gung-ho
Another
borrowed
word
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)that
came
about
through?___34___?between
two
nations
is?gung-ho.?In
English,
the
word?gung-ho?is
an
adjective
that
means
extremely
excited
about
doing
something.
The
Chinese
characters
"gōng"
and
"hé"
together
mean
"work
together,
cooperate."?The?original?term
--?gōngyè
hézuòshè
--?means
Chinese
Industrial
Cooperatives.
The
organizations
were
established
in
the
1930s
by
Westerners
in
China
to?promote?industrial
and
economic
development.?Lt.
Colonel
Evans
Carlson
of
the
United
States
Marine
Corps
observed
these
cooperatives
while
he
was
in
China.
He
was
impressed,
saying
"...all
the
soldiers?___35___?themselves
to
one
idea
and
worked
together
to
put
that
idea
over."?He
then
began
using
the
term?gung-ho?in
the
Marine
Corps
to
try
to
create
the
same
spirit
he
had?___36___.
In
1942,
he
used
the
word
as
a
training?slogan?for
the
2nd
Marine
Raider
Battalion
during
World
War
II.
The
men
were
often
called
the
"Gung
Ho
Battalion."
From
then,
the
word?gung-ho?spread
as
a
slogan
throughout
the
Marine
Corps.
Today,
its
meaning
has
no
relation
to
the
military.
typhoon
In
English,
a?t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)yphoon?is
a
very
powerful
and
___37___?storm
that
occurs
around
the
China
Sea
and
in
the
South
Pacific.?The
word
history
of
typhoon
had
a
far
less
direct
path
to
the
English
language
than
gung-ho.
And
not
all
historical
accounts
are
the
same.?But,
according
to
the
Merriam-Webster
New
Book
of
Word
Histories,
the
first
typhoons
reported
in
the
English
language
were
in
India
and
were
called
"touffons"
or
"tufans."?The
word?tufan?or?al-tufan?is
Arabic
and
means
violent
storm
or
flood.
The
English
came
across
this
word
in
India
and
borrowed
it
as?touffon.?Later,
when
English
ships
encountered
violent
storms
in
the
China
Sea,
Englishmen
learned
the
Cantonese
word?tai
fung,
which
means
"great
wind."
The
word's
___38___?to?touffon?is
only
by
chance.?The
modern
form
of
the
word
–
typhoon
–
was
influenced
by
the
Cantonese
but?___39___?to
make
it
appear
more
Greek.
The
American
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)”
words
are
meaningful
and
vivid,
___40___
them
from
their
history.
答案:
JGDCA
KEIHB
2018年春考
Directions:
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)Fill
in
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
21cnjy.com
A.address
B.
fa
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)scination
C.governed
D.
imposing
E.offensive
F.originally
G.overlooking
H.
rebellion
I.reminder
J.
randomly
K.swept
Palaces
are
kn
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)own
for
their
beauty
and
splendor,
but
they
offer
little
protection
against
attacks.
It
is
easy
to
defend
a
fortress,
but
fortresses
are
not
designed
with
the
comfort
of
a
king
or
queen
in
mind.
When
it
comes
to
structures
that
are
both
___31___
and
well-fortified,
the
classic
European
castle
is
the
pinnacle
of
design.
Across
the
ages
castles
changed,
developed,
and
eventually
fell
out
of
use,
but
they
still
command
the
___32___
of
our
culture.【出处：21教育名师】
Castles
were
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
___33___
built
in
England
by
Norman
invaders
in
1066.
As
William
the
Conqueror
___34___
through
England,
he
fortified
key
positions
to
secure
the
land
he
had
taken.
The
castles
he
built
allowed
the
Norman
lords
to
retreat
to
safety
when
threatened
by
English
___35___.
Castles
also
served
as
bases
of
operation
for
offensive
attacks.
Troops
were
summoned
to,
organized
around,
and
deployed
from
castles.
In
this
way
castles
served
both
___36___
and
defensive
roles
in
military
operations.
Not
limited
to
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
military
purposes,
castles
also
served
as
offices
from
which
the
lord
would
administer
control
over
his
fiefdom.
That
is
to
say,
the
lord
of
the
land
would
hold
court
in
his
castle.
Those
that
were
socially
beneath
the
lord
would
come
to
report
the
affairs
of
the
lands
that
they
___37___
and
pay
tribute
to
the
lord.
They
would
___38___
disputes,
handle
business,
feast,
and
enjoy
festivities.
In
this
way
castles
served
as
important
social
centers
in
medieval
England.
Castles
also
served
as
symbols
of
power.
Built
on
prominent
sites
___39___
the
surrounding
areas,
castles
constantly
loomed
in
the
background
of
many
peasants'
lives
and
served
as
a
daily
___40___
of
the
lord's
strength.【版权所有：21教育】
答案:
DBFKH
ECAGI
2017年秋考
suspected
B.fortunately
C.
invasions
D.
inevitable
E.accustomed
F.
unreliable
G.
features
H.
acknowledged
I.
inclusion
J.
transferred
K.instantly
The
iPhone
X,
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
Apple’s
new
smartphone,
is
equipped
with
facial
recognition.
31______,
its
scanner
can
unlock
the
system.
It
requires
no
buttons
to
be
pressed,
being
always
ready
to
read
to
read
your
face.
Android
users
can
expect
similar
32______
as
well.21世纪教育网版权所有
For
the
millio
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ns
of
people
who
will
soon
depend
on
facial
recognition
to
check
their
email,
send
a
text
or
make
a
call,
it
will
be
quick,
easy
and
pretty
“cool”
to
use.
However,
as
we
grow
33______to
the
technology,
we
cannot
become
numb
to
the
problems
that
come
with
it.21教育网
Facial
recogni
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)tion
is
already
used
everywhere.
In
China,
police
use
the
technology
to
identify
people
who
jaywalk
(乱穿马路).
In
the
United
State,
more
than
half
of
all
adults
are
in
a
facial
recognition
database
that
can
be
used
for
criminal
investigation.
Governments,
however,
are
not
the
only
users
of
facial
recognition.
Retailers
use
the
technology
in
their
stores
to
identify
34______
shoplifters.
One
social
media
app
in
Russia
allows
strangers
to
find
out
who
you
are
just
by
taking
a
photo
of
you.www.21-cn-jy.com
However,
differ
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ent
users
of
facial
recognition
produce
different
levels
of
accuracy.
Camera
distance,
lighting,
facial
pose
all
affect
the
accuracy.
Officials
at
the
New
York
Police
Department,
for
example,
have
35______
at
least
five
misidentifications
by
their
facial
recognition
system.
If
the
iPhone’s
new
system
is
similarly
36______,
no
one
will
consider
it
to
be
acceptable
security
for
our
personal
information.
37______
it
probably
won’t
be.
But
for
many
of
the
systems
elsewhere,
mistakes
and
38______
of
privacy
might
be
unavoidable.
As
the
smartphone
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
of
choice
for
many
users,
the
iPhone’s
39______
of
facial
recognition
may
encourage
consumers
to
accept
the
technology
elsewhere.
However,
even
as
we
choose
to
we
explore
the
convenience
facial
recognition
might
offer,
we
should
also
be
suspicious
of
the
many
ways
it
cam
be
used.
Facial
recognition
may
well
be
40______.
Its
risks
need
not
be!www-2-1-cnjy-com
答案:
KGEA
H
FBCID
2017年春考
Directions:
Fill
in
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
acknowledgement
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
actually
C.
commonly
D.
confirm
E.
consciousF.
crack
G.
eliminate
H.
independent
I.
log
J.
shortcut
K.
unimaginative
Why
Your
Password
May
Not
Be
As
Safe
As
It
Seems
Does
“qaz2ws”
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)strike
you
as
a
nice
safe
password?
What
about
"adgimptw"?
An
analysis
has
found
them
to
be
among
the
passwords
that
are
most
____31_____
used,
which
of
course
means
they
are
not
secure
at
all.
When
ten
mil
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)lion
passwords
were
leaked
to
the
internet,
they
appeared
to
____32_____
that
attempts
by
internet
security
experts
to
make
us
improve
our
password
strength
had
been
successful,
even,
in
the
specific
case
of
the
leaked
passwords,
they
were
also
completely
pointless.
While
many
of
the
pas
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)swords
were
still
single
words,
such
as
“password”,
there
was
also
a
clear
attempt
by
many
to
make
them
harder
to
____33_____.
The
problem
was
that
people
seemed
to
do
so
in
the
same
way.
“Users
are
be
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)coming
slightly
more
____34_____
of
what
makes
a
password
strong,”
explained
WP
Engine,
an
internet
company
that
performed
the
analysis.
“For
instance,
adding
a
number
or
two
at
the
end
of
a
text
phrase.
That
makes
it
better,
right?”
But
____35_____
no.
They
found
that
almost
half
a
million
passwords
did
this—and
in
20
per
cent
of
those
all
people
did
was
put
the
number
"1"
at
the
end.【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
Perhaps
this
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
is
why
some
companies
are
now
trying
to
move
gradually
beyond
passwords.
Yahoo!
is
giving
users
the
option
to
associate
their
mobile
phone
with
an
account,
and
have
a
single
use
password
texted
to
it
each
time
they
want
to
____36_____
on.
Although
the
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
service
is
voluntary,
Dylan
Casey,
an
executive
at
Yahoo!,
said
that
it
was
“the
first
step
to
____37_____
passwords”.
He
said
it
was
a(n)
____38_____
that
it
was
increasingly
hard
for
people
to
remember
all
the
passwords
they
had.
“I
don’t
think
we,
as
an
industry,
have
done
a
good
enough
job
of
putting
ourselves
in
the
shoes
of
the
people
using
our
products,”
he
said.
It
would
certainly
be
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)a
more
sensible
strategy
than
some
people’s
improving
upon
“password”
by
using
“wasspord”
or
tran5p053d
numb3r5f0r13tt3r5.
“We
are,
for
the
m
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ost
part,
predictably
____39_____
when
it
comes
to
choosing
passwords,
despite
a
decade
of
warnings
from
password
strength
checkers
during
sign-ups”,
said
WP
Engine,
“We
love
taking
a(n)____40_____
,
and
so
do
password
cracker.”
答案:
CDFEB
IGAKJ
2016年秋考
Directions:
Fill
i
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)n
each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
account
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
B.
adjustable
C.
appliances
D.
capture
E.
decorations
F.
direct
G.
experiment
H.
intended
I.
operated
J.
soulless
K.
squeeze
Golden
Rules
of
Good
Design
What
makes
good
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
design?
Over
the
years,
designers
and
artists
have
been
trying
to
41
the
essentials
of
good
design.
They
have
found
that
some
sayings
can
help
people
understand
the
ideas
of
good
design.
There
are
four
as
follows.21
cnjy
com
Less
is
more.
This
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)saying
is
associated
with
the
German-born
architect
Mies
van
der
Rohe.
In
his
Modernist
view,
beauty
lies
in
simplicity
and
elegance,
and
the
aim
of
the
designer
is
to
create
solutions
to
problems
through
the
most
efficient
means.
Design
should
avoid
unnecessary
42
【来源：21cnj
y.co
m】
More
is
n
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ot
a
bore.
The
American-born
architect
Robert
Venturi
concluded
that
if
simplicity
is
done
badly,
the
result
is
43
design.
Post-Modernist
designers
began
to
44
with
decoration
and
color
again.
Product
design
was
heavily
influenced
by
this
view
and
can
be
seen
in
kitchen
45
such
as
ovens
and
kettles.
Fitness
for
purp
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ose.
Successful
product
design
takes
into
consideration
a
product’s
function,
purpose,
shape,
form,
color,
and
so
on.
The
most
important
result
for
the
user
is
that
the
product
does
what
is
46
.
For
example,
think
of
a(n)
47
desk
lamp.
It
needs
to
be
constructed
from
materials
that
will
stand
the
heat
of
the
lamp
and
regular
adjustments
by
the
user.
It
also
needs
to
be
stable.
Most
importantly,
it
needs
to
48
light
where
it
is
needed.
From
follows
emoti
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)on.
This
phrase
is
associated
with
the
German
designer
Hartmut
Esslinger.
He
believes
design
must
take
into
49
the
sensory
side
of
our
nature—sight,
smell,
touch
and
taste.
These
are
as
important
as
rational(理性的).
When
choosing
everyday
products
such
as
toothpaste,
we
appreciate
a
cool-looking
device
that
allows
us
to
easily
50
the
toothpaste
onto
our
brush.
答案:
DEJGC?
?HBFAK
2015年秋考
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
access
B.
alternatives
C.
assigned
D.
confirmed
E.
conflicting
F.
elements
G.
function
H.
innovative
I.
prospective
J.
separate
K.
supporting
Considering
how
much
time
people
spend
in
offices,
it
is
important
that
work
spaces
be
well
designed.
Well-designed
office
spaces
help
create
a
corporation’s
image.
They
motivate
workers,
and
they
make
an
impression
on
people
who
visit
and
might
be
potential,
or
41
,
customers.
They
make
businesses
work
better,
and
they
are
a
part
of
the
corporate
culture
we
live
in.
As
we
move
away
from
an
industrial-based
economy
to
a
knowledge-based
one,
office
designers
have
come
up
with
42
to
the
traditional
work
environments
of
the
past.
The
design
industry
has
moved
away
from
a
fixed
office
setup
and
created
more
flexible
“strategic
management
environment.”
These
43
solutions
are
meant
to
support
better
organizational
performance.
As
employee
hierarchies（等级制度）have
flattened,
or
decreased,
office
designers’
response
to
this
change
has
been
to
move
open-plan
areas
to
more
desirable
locations
within
the
office
and
create
fewer
formal
private
offices.
The
need
for
increased
flexibility
has
also
been
44
by
changes
in
workstation
design.
Offices
and
work
spaces
often
are
not
45
to
a
given
person
on
a
permanent
basis.
Because
of
changes
to
methods
of
working,
new
designs
allow
for
expansion
or
movement
of
desks,
storage,
and
equipment
within
the
workstation.
Another
important
design
goal
is
communication,
which
designers
have
improved
by
lowering
the
walls
that
46
workstations.
Designers
have
also
created
informal
gathering
places,
and
upgraded
employees’
47
to
heavily
trafficked
areas
such
as
copy
and
coffee
rooms.
Corporate
and
institutional
office
designers
often
struggle
to
resolve
a
number
of
competing
and
often
48
demands,
including
budgetary
limits,
employee
hierarchies,
and
technological
innovation（especially
in
relation
to
computerization）.
These
demands
must
also
be
balanced
with
the
need
to
create
interiors（内饰）that
in
some
way
enhance,
establish,
or
promote
a
company’s
image
and
will
enable
employees
to
49
at
their
best.
All
these
50
of
office
design
are
related.
The
most
successful
office
designs
are
like
a
good
marriage
---
the
well-designed
office
and
the
employees
that
occupy
it
are
seemingly
made
for
each
other.
答案:
IBHDC
JAEGF
2014年秋考
Directions:
Fill
in
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)each
blank
with
a
proper
word
chosen
from
the
box.
Each
word
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
Let's
say
you've
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)decided
you
want
to
eat
more
healthfully.
However,
you
don't
have
time
to
carefully
plan
menus
for
meals
or
read
food
__41__
at
the
supermarket.
Since
you
really__42__
yourself
to
a
healthier
lifestyle,
a
little
help
would
come
in
handy,
wouldn't
it?
This
is
where
a
"choice
architect"
can
help__43__some
of
the
burden
of
doing
it
all
yourself.
Choice
architects
are
people
who
organize
the
contexts
in
which
customers
make
decisions.
For
example,
the
person
who
decides
the
layout
of
your
local
supermarket-including
which
shelf
the
peanut
butter
goes
on,
and
how
the
oranges
are
piled
up—is
a
choice
architect.
Governments
don't
have
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
to__44__healthier
lifestyles
through
laws,
for
example,
smoking
bans.
Rather,
if
given
an
environment
created
by
a
choice
architect-one
that
encourages
us
to
choose
what
is
best-we
will
do
the
right
things.
In
other
words,
there
will
be
designs
that
gently
push
customers
toward
making
healthier
choices,
without
removing
freedom
of
choice.
This
idea
combines
freedom
to
choose
with__45__hints
from
choice
architects,
who
aim
to
help
people
live
longer,
healthier,
and
happier
lives.
The
British
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)and
Swedish
governments
have
introduced
a
so-called
"traffic
light
system"
to
__46__foods
as
healthy
or
unhealthy.
This
means
that
customers
can
see
at
a
glance
how
much
fat,
sugar,
and
salt
each
product
contains__47__by
looking
at
the
lights
on
the
package.
A
green
light
__48__that
the
amounts
of
the
three
nutrients
are
healthy;
yellow
indicates
that
the
customer
should
be__49__;
and
red
means
that
the
food
is
high
in
at
least
one
of
the
three
nutrients
and
should
be
eaten
in
__50__.
The
customer
is
given
important
health
information,
but
is
still
free
to
decide
what
to
choose.
答案:
GCIFE
BKJAH
A.
alert
B.
classify
C.
commit
D.
delicately
E.
gentle
F.
impose
G.
labels
H.
moderation
I.
relieve
J.
signals
K.
simply
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