中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Why
We
Need
to
Keep
Our
Goals
to
Ourselves
Please
take
a
few
seconds
and
think
of
your
personal
biggest
goal.
Imagine
telling
someone
you
meet
today
what
you're
going
to
do.
Imagine
their
congratulations
and
their
high
image
of
you.
Doesn't
it
feel
good
to
say
it
out
loud?
Don't
you
feel
one
step
closer
already?
Well,
bad
news:
you
should
have
kept
your
mouth
shut,
because
that
good
feeling
will
make
you
less
likely
to
do
it.
Any
time
you
have
a
goal,
there
is
some
work
that
needs
to
be
done
to
achieve
it.
Ideally,
you
would
not
be
satisfied
until
you'd
actually
done
the
work.
But
when
you
tell
someone
your
goal
and
he
acknowledges
it,
psychologists
have
found
it's
called
a
"social
reality".
The
mind
is
kind
of
tricked
into
feeling
that
it's
already
done.
And
then,
because
you've
felt
that
satisfaction,
you're
less
motivated
to
do
the
actual
hard
work
necessary.
This
goes
against
the
traditional
wisdom
that
we
should
tell
our
friends
our
goals,
right?
In
1982,
Peter
Gollwitzer,
a
Professor
of
Psychology,
wrote
a
whole
book
about
this.
And
in
2009,
he
did
some
new
tests
that
were
published.
It
goes
like
this:
163
people
across
four
separate
tests—everyone
wrote
down
their
personal
goal.
Then
half
of
them
announced
their
commitment
to
this
goal
to
the
room,
and
half
didn't.
Then
everyone
was
given
45
minutes
of
work
that
would
directly
lead
them
towards
their
goal,
but
they
were
told
that
they
could
stop
at
any
time.
Now
those
who
kept
their
mouths
shut
worked
the
entire
45
minutes
on
average,
and
when
asked
afterwards,
said
that
they
felt
they
had
a
long
way
to
go
to
achieve
their
goal.
But
those
who
had
announced
it
quit
after
only
33
minutes
on
average,
and
when
asked
afterwards,
said
that
they
felt
much
closer
to
achieving
their
goal.
【读后习题】
According
to
the
article,
when
you
tell
your
friends
your
goals,
_______.
A.
you
feel
more
pressure
to
try
to
make
them
happen
B.
they
feel
jealous
of
your
satisfaction
and
stand
in
your
way
C.
you
make
yourself
believe
that
you
are
close
to
achieving
them
D.
it
becomes
easier
for
you
to
make
them
come
true
thanks
to
the
support
of
others
What
did
Peter
Gollwitzer
find
in
his
tests?
A.
Writing
down
personal
goals
inspired
people
to
work
hard
to
achieve
them.
B.
Those
who
didn't
tell
others
their
goals
were
more
likely
to
achieve
them.
C.
Those
who
kept
working
hard
tended
to
feel
that
they
were
closer
to
realizing
their
goals.
D.
Those
who
made
their
goals
public
worked
harder
than
those
who
kept
them
secret.
What
is
the
article
mainly
about?
A.
The
importance
of
having
personal
goals.
B.
Tips
on
achieving
your
personal
goals.
C.
Studies
on
why
people
tend
to
keep
their
personal
goals
secret.
D.
Why
it's
not
necessarily
wise
to
announce
your
personal
goals
to
others.
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)Why
We
Need
to
Keep
Our
Goals
to
Ourselves
Please
take
a
few
seconds
and
think
of
your
personal
biggest
goal.
Imagine
telling
someone
you
meet
today
what
you're
going
to
do.
Imagine
their
congratulations
and
their
high
image
of
you.
Doesn't
it
feel
good
to
say
it
out
loud?
Don't
you
feel
one
step
closer
already?
请花几秒钟想想你个人最大的目标。想象一下把你的目标告诉给你今天遇到的人。想象一下他们对你的祝贺和高度评价。大声说出来不是很好吗？你不觉得离目标更近了一步吗？
Well,
bad
news:
you
should
have
kept
your
mouth
shut,
because
that
good
feeling
will
make
you
less
likely
to
do
it.
Any
time
you
have
a
goal,
there
is
some
work
that
needs
to
be
done
to
achieve
it.
Ideally,
you
would
not
be
satisfied
until
you'd
actually
done
the
work.
但坏消息是：你应该闭口不言，因为那种良好的感觉会让你不太可能去付诸行动。任何时候你有一个目标，你都需要做一些工作来实现它。理想情况下，在你真正完成工作之前，你是不会感到满足的。
But
when
you
tell
someone
your
goal
and
he
acknowledges
it,
psychologists
have
found
it's
called
a
"social
reality".
The
mind
is
kind
of
tricked
into
feeling
that
it's
already
done.
And
then,
because
you've
felt
that
satisfaction,
you're
less
motivated
to
do
the
actual
hard
work
necessary.
但当你告诉别人你的目标，并得到了认可时，心理学家发现这是一种“社会现实”。大脑会有点像被欺骗一样，觉得目标已经完成了。然后，因为你已经感到了满足，就没那么有动力去付出努力做真正需要的工作了。
This
goes
against
the
traditional
wisdom
that
we
should
tell
our
friends
our
goals,
right?
这与传统观念相悖，因为传统观念上我们应该告诉朋友我们的目标，是吧？
In
1982,
Peter
Gollwitzer,
a
Professor
of
Psychology,
wrote
a
whole
book
about
this.
And
in
2009,
he
did
some
new
tests
that
were
published.
It
goes
like
this:
163
people
across
four
separate
tests—everyone
wrote
down
their
personal
goal.
Then
half
of
them
announced
their
commitment
to
this
goal
to
the
room,
and
half
didn't.
Then
everyone
was
given
45
minutes
of
work
that
would
directly
lead
them
towards
their
goal,
but
they
were
told
that
they
could
stop
at
any
time.
1982年，心理学教授彼得·戈尔维策就此写了一本书。2009年，他做了一些新的测试并进行了发表。测试是这样的：163人进行4个不同的测试——每个人都写下他们的个人目标。然后他们中的一半人在房间里宣布了他们对完成目标的承诺，而另一半人没有。然后每个人都有45分钟的时间进行工作，这些工作可以直接引导他们完成目标，但他们也被告知可以随时停止。
Now
those
who
kept
their
mouths
shut
worked
the
entire
45
minutes
on
average,
and
when
asked
afterwards,
said
that
they
felt
they
had
a
long
way
to
go
to
achieve
their
goal.
But
those
who
had
announced
it
quit
after
only
33
minutes
on
average,
and
when
asked
afterwards,
said
that
they
felt
much
closer
to
achieving
their
goal.
结果那些保持沉默的人平均工作了整整45分钟，之后被问及时，他们说他们觉得要实现目标还有很长的路要走。但那些宣布了目标的人平均仅在33分钟后就放弃了，之后被问及时，他们表示感觉自己离目标更近了。
【读后习题】
According
to
the
article,
when
you
tell
your
friends
your
goals,
_______.
正确答案
C
A.
you
feel
more
pressure
to
try
to
make
them
happen
B.
they
feel
jealous
of
your
satisfaction
and
stand
in
your
way
C.
you
make
yourself
believe
that
you
are
close
to
achieving
them
D.
it
becomes
easier
for
you
to
make
them
come
true
thanks
to
the
support
of
others
习题答疑
But
when
you
tell
someone
your
goal
and
he
acknowledges
it,
psychologists
have
found
it's
called
a
"social
reality".
The
mind
is
kind
of
tricked
into
feeling
that
it's
already
done.
And
then,
because
you've
felt
that
satisfaction,
you're
less
motivated
to
do
the
actual
hard
work
necessary.
根据题意，找到上面三段内容。这三段主要讲，如果你把自己的目标告诉别人，并得到认可后，你的大脑就会误以为目标已经达成。这时候你会感到满足，缺乏动力去继续努力了。
从上面分析可知，本题答案选C:
you
make
yourself
believe
that
you
are
close
to
achieving
them。
What
did
Peter
Gollwitzer
find
in
his
tests?
正确答案
B
A.
Writing
down
personal
goals
inspired
people
to
work
hard
to
achieve
them.
B.
Those
who
didn't
tell
others
their
goals
were
more
likely
to
achieve
them.
C.
Those
who
kept
working
hard
tended
to
feel
that
they
were
closer
to
realizing
their
goals.
D.
Those
who
made
their
goals
public
worked
harder
than
those
who
kept
them
secret.
习题答疑
Now
those
who
kept
their
mouths
shut
worked
the
entire
45
minutes
on
average,
and
when
asked
afterwards,
said
that
they
felt
they
had
a
long
way
to
go
to
achieve
their
goal.
But
those
who
had
announced
it
quit
after
only
33
minutes
on
average,
and
when
asked
afterwards,
said
that
they
felt
much
closer
to
achieving
their
goal.
根据题意，本题考查对实验结果的理解。而上面两段话则是文章对实验结果的描述。文章在第一段话中讲到，没有把目标告诉别人的人（those
who
kept
their
mouths
shut）平均工作了整整45分钟，当过后被问及时，他们说他们觉得要实现目标还有很长的路要走。
文章在第二段话则讲到，那些宣布了目标的人（those
who
had
announced
it）平均仅在33分钟后就放弃了……
从上面可知，没有将目标告知他人的人会坚持更久的时间，也因此更容易实现目标。
因此，本题答案选B:
Those
who
didn't
tell
others
their
goals
were
more
likely
to
achieve
them。
What
is
the
article
mainly
about?
正确答案
D
A.
The
importance
of
having
personal
goals.
B.
Tips
on
achieving
your
personal
goals.
C.
Studies
on
why
people
tend
to
keep
their
personal
goals
secret.
D.
Why
it's
not
necessarily
wise
to
announce
your
personal
goals
to
others.
习题答疑
本题考查对主旨大意的把握。文章在前面讲到，把目标告诉别人后，大脑会误以为事情做完了，人会感到满足，从而懈怠下去。在讲完这一现象后，作者还引出了Peter
Gollwitzer教授所做的实验来进行佐证。由此可见，把个人目标告诉别人是不明智的。
综上所述，本题答案选D:
Why
it's
not
necessarily
wise
to
announce
your
personal
goals
to
others。
以上就是本篇文章的全部习题答疑啦，想加深理解文章？快戳下方深度讲解按钮，小编手把手教你拆分长难句，进一步提升阅读能力。
【深度讲解】
Imagine
telling
someone
you
meet
today
what
you're
going
to
do.
重点词汇词组
imagine
①
v.
想象；设想
e.g.
Close
your
eyes
and
imagine
you
are
in
a
forest.
闭上眼睛，想象你在森林里。
imagine
doing
sth
e.g.
She
couldn't
imagine
living
in
a
place
like
that.
她无法想象住在那样一个地方。
②
v.
误以为；胡乱猜想；猜测
e.g.
He
imagines,
wrongly,
that
she
loves
him.
他错误地以为她爱他。
③
v.
料想；认为
e.g.
I
like
the
house
but
I
don't
imagine
I'll
live
there
forever.
我喜欢这所房子，但我想我不会永远住在那里。
Doesn't
it
feel
good
to
say
it
out
loud?
Don't
you
feel
one
step
closer
already?
重点词汇词组
out
loud
大声地；声音大到可被听见
e.g.
Can
you
read
the
letter
out
loud?
你能把这封信大声读出来吗?
Charlie
Chaplin
films
always
make
me
laugh
out
loud.
查理?卓别林的电影总是让我捧腹大笑。
LOL=laughing
out
loud
大笑
Well,
bad
news:
you
should
have
kept
your
mouth
shut,
because
that
good
feeling
will
make
you
less
likely
to
do
it.
重点词汇词组
keep
sb’s
mouth
shut
保守秘密；守口如瓶；保持缄默；一声不吭
e.g.
You
must
keep
his
mouth
shut.
你必须让他守口如瓶。
You'd
better
keep
your
mouth
shut
about
this.
这件事你最好保持沉默。
Keep
your
mouth
shut
and
your
ears
open.
少说多听。
less
likely
to
do
sth
不太可能做某事；做某事的可能性不大
e.g.
Those
who
expect
the
worst
are
less
likely
to
be
disappointed.
那些做最坏打算的人不太可能失望。
You're
less
likely
to
be
criticized
for
what
you
really
believe
in.
你不太可能因为自己的信仰而受到批评。
But
when
you
tell
someone
your
goal
and
he
acknowledges
it,
psychologists
have
found
it's
called
a
"social
reality".
重点词汇词组
acknowledge
①
v.
承认（属实、存在）
e.g.
He
acknowledges
that
when
he's
tired
he
gets
bad-tempered.
他承认自己累了就会发脾气。
②
v.
承认（权威、地位、优秀或重要）
e.g.
The
film
festival
is
acknowledged
as
an
event
of
international
importance.
这个电影节被认为是国际盛事。
③
v.（公开）感谢
e.g.
We
wish
to
acknowledge
the
support
of
the
university.
我们想要感谢那所大学给予的支持。
④
v.
对…打招呼；理会
e.g.
I
was
standing
right
next
to
her,
but
she
didn't
even
acknowledge
me.
我就站在她旁边，但她连招呼都不打。
The
mind
is
kind
of
tricked
into
feeling
that
it's
already
done.
重点词汇词组
trick
sb
into
doing
sth
诱骗某人做某事；诱使某人做某事；骗某人做某事
e.g.
He
tried
to
trick
me
into
lending
him
$200.
他想骗我借给他200美元。
The
old
man
was
tricked
into
buying
a
secondhand
radio.
那位老人受骗买了一台旧收音机。
And
then,
because
you've
felt
that
satisfaction,
you're
less
motivated
to
do
the
actual
hard
work
necessary.
重点词汇词组
motivated
adj.
积极主动的；有积极性的；有动力的
e.g.
The
students
are
all
highly
motivated.
学生们都很有积极性。
motivate
v.
激发；激励；促进；促使；驱使；成为…的动机
e.g.
What
motivated
you
to
do
such
a
thing?
你做这种事的动机是什么？
Everything
she
does
is
motivated
only
by
a
desire
for
money.
她所做的一切都只是出于对金钱的渴望。
motivation
n.
动机；动力；积极性
This
goes
against
the
traditional
wisdom
that
we
should
tell
our
friends
our
goals,
right?
重点词汇词组
go
against
①
违背；违反
e.g.
He
would
not
go
against
his
parents'
wishes.
他不会违背父母的意愿。
②不利于
e.g.
The
result
of
the
vote
went
against
him.
投票结果对他不利。
It
goes
like
this:
163
people
across
four
separate
tests—everyone
wrote
down
their
personal
goal.
重点词汇词组
separate
①
adj.
不同的；各自的；单独的；独立的；分开的
e.g.
The
children
sleep
in
separate
beds.
孩子们睡在各自的床上。
They
allotted
a
separate
desk
to
everyone.
他们给每个人分配了一张单独的桌子。
go
your
(own)
separate
ways
分道扬镳
②
v.（使）分离；（使）分开；区分；使区别于
Then
half
of
them
announced
their
commitment
to
this
goal
to
the
room,
and
half
didn't.
重点词汇词组
commitment
①
n.
承诺
e.g.
He
made
a
commitment
to
pay
the
rent
on
time.
他承诺会按时付房租。
②
n.（对工作或事业）献身，奉献，投入
e.g.
She
had
a
lifelong
commitment
to
feminism.
她为女权主义奉献一生。
③
n.
承诺的事；责任，义务
e.g.
Women
very
often
have
to
juggle
work
with
their
family
commitments.
女性经常要工作和家庭两头兼顾。
Now
those
who
kept
their
mouths
shut
worked
the
entire
45
minutes
on
average,
and
when
asked
afterwards,
said
that
they
felt
they
had
a
long
way
to
go
to
achieve
their
goal.
【句子解析】
Now
主those
定who
kept
their
mouths
shut
谓worked
状the
entire
45
minutes
on
average,
and
状when
asked
afterwards,
谓said
宾they
felt
they
had
a
long
way
to
go
to
achieve
their
goal.
1）
本句的基本结构为“主+谓1，and+谓2+宾2”，“who
kept…”为定语从句修饰主语those；“the
entire
45
minute”为时间状语从句。
2）“when
asked
afterwards”也做时间状语，为省略主语和be动词的状语从句，原型为：“when
they
were
asked
afterwards”。
注意：当when，while，if等引导的状语从句和主句主语一致，且谓语动词中包含be动词时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略。
e.g.
While
(he
is)
lying
on
the
sofa,
he
fell
asleep.
他躺在沙发上时睡着了。
3）“they
felt
they…”为宾语从句，作said的宾语。而此宾语从句可再划分为：
they
felt
they
had
a
long
way
to
go
to
achieve
their
goal.
基本结构为“主+谓+宾”，“they
had…”为felt的宾语从句。
重点词汇词组
on
average
平均；平均来看；一般而言
e.g.
On
average,
men
still
earn
more
than
women.
平均而言，男性的收入仍然高于女性。
My
income's
rather
variable,
but
I
earn
?73
a
day
on
average.
我的收入变化很大，但我平均每天挣73英镑。
Have
a
long
way
to
go
还有很长的路要走
e.g.
China
has
a
long
way
to
go
in
modern
mathematics.
中国在现代数学方面还有很长的路要走。
We
have
a
long
way
to
go
to
fulfill
our
dreams.
要实现梦想，我们还有很长的路要走。
But
those
who
had
announced
it
quit
after
only
33
minutes
on
average,
and
when
asked
afterwards,
said
that
they
felt
much
closer
to
achieving
their
goal.
重点词汇词组
quit
①
v.
停止；放弃；；退出；戒掉
e.g.
Winners
never
quit,
quitters
never
win.
成功者永不放弃，放弃者永不成功。
I
was
trying
to
quit
smoking
at
the
time.
当时我正试图戒烟。
②
v.
离开（工作岗位、学校等）；离任；离校；辞职
e.g.
He
quit
his
job
after
an
argument
with
a
colleague.
他和同事吵架后辞职了。
He
quit
school
and
joined
the
Army
at
the
age
of
16.
他16岁辍学参军。
