高考英语短文改错题型考点梳理与练习 Word版含答案

高考英语短文改错题型考点梳理与练习
例题：
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处；每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Mr.
and
Mrs.Zhang
all
work
in
our
school.They
live
far
from
the
school,and
it
takes
them
about
a
hour
and
a
half
to
go
to
work
every
day.In
their
spare
time,they
are
interesting
in
planting
vegetables
in
their
garden,that
is
on
the
rooftop
of
their
house.
They
often
get
up
earlier
and
water
the
vegetables
together.They
have
also
bought
for
some
gardening
tools.Beside,they
often
get
some
useful
informations
from
the
internet.When
summer
came,they
will
invite
their
students
pick
the
vegetables！
通过以上的改错练习我们发现：
短文改错共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处错误，每处错误只涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加（1-2处）
在缺词处添加一个漏字符号，并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除（1-2处）
把多余的词用斜线划掉。
修改（6-8处）
把错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写上要修改的词。
短文改错的考点是：名词，动词，形容词和副词，连词，冠词，代词，介词。
考点一：名词
1.The
airs
we
breathe
in
is
getting
dirtier
and
dirtier.
2.I
have
visited
the
Great
Wall
for
several
time.
考点：可数名词与不可数名词的误用
常考的不可数名词：advice,news,progress,weather,homework,air,fun(快乐),furniture(家具),information,work,harm(伤害)，traffic(交通)，trouble(麻烦),joy（令人高兴的事），danger(危险)，baggage（luggage）,equipment(仪器)，luck(运气)，knowledge(知识),scenery(风景，景色)
3.There
are
branch
library
in
many
villages.
考点：可数名词单复数的错用。
如何判断为名词的单数还是复数;(1)
看谓语动词单复数
看名词前的限定词:
a/an(可数名词单数)，some,
many,
various,
lots
of/a
lot
of,
several及数量词(可数名词复数)
根据句意、句型及常识。
4.To
my
delighted,
I
pass
the
exam.
考点：词性的转换。
用n的情况：(1)
n
and
n
,
(2)
(a/an/the)+adj.+n
,
(3)
介词+n
,
(4)
a/an/the
+
n,
形容词性物主代词+n
(6)
序数词+n
5.Good
health
is
a
person
most
valuable
possession.
考点：名词的格的误用。
根据句意，
(2)
注意形式：’s(单数)
s’(复数)
相关练习题：
1.Every?year?many?tourist?come?here?to?enjoy?its?beautiful?scenery?and?rich?culture.
2.Through
the
program,
we
learned
to
use
knowledge
gained
in
class
to
solve
problem.
3.?Nowadays?with?modern?life?going?rapidly,?many?people?suffer?from?different?kind?of?
diseases,?both?mentally?
and?
physically.?
4.I’d?like?to?give?you?some?advices?on?how?to?learn?Chinese?well.
5.On?a
rainy?day??I?was?walking?home?with?one?of?my?friend,?a?truck?came?to?a?stop?beside?us.
6.Polite
words
are
one
of
the
example.
7.Of?course,
it’s?strongly
prohibited?to
buy
or
sell?anything
made?of?antelopes
fur.?
8.She
told
me
that
I
didn't
need
to
worry
about
making
mistakes
because
I
could
find
out
my
shortcomings
through
my
mistake.
9.Of
all
the
book
I
have
read,
Chicken
soup
for
the
soul
is
my
favorite.
10.Everyone
praised
Ah
Bao
for
his
brave
and
kindness.
考点二：动词
1.When
I
was
a
child,
I
i
hoped
to
live
in
the
city.
I
think
I
would
be
happy
there.
2.After
looks
at
the
toy
for
some
time,
he
turned
around
and
left.
通过以上，我们发现动词的考查有两种方式：谓语动词和非谓语动词。
（一）谓语动词的考查
1.As
I
tell
you
last
time,
I
made
three
new
friends
here.
2.Many
overpasses
have
set
up,
so
it
has
become
very
convenient
for
people
to
travel.
3.My
dream
school
look
like
a
big
garden.
考点：谓语动词会考查时态、语态、主谓一致三个方面。
时态：一般现在时
do/does
（sometimes,
often
usually,........）
一般过去式
did
(yesterday/
last
year.......
/
......ago)
一般将来时
will
do/
am,is
are
going
to
do
/
am,is
are
about
to
do
(tomorrow,/
next
year......)
现在进行时
am/is/are
doing
过去进行时
was
/
were
doing
现在完成时
has/have
done
(lately/recently/so
far/
up
to
now/
until
now/in
the
few
years/
since)
过去完成时
had
done
过去将来时
would
do
判断句子的时态：（1）根据时间状语来决定，
（2）上下文的时态，
（3）从句中时态体一致，
（4）根据句意
语态：主动语态与被动语态的误用（删除be或添加be或改变时态）
被动语态:
一般现在时
am
/
is
/are
done
一般过去时
was
/were
done
一般将来时
will
be
done
现在进行时
am/
is
/are
being
done
过去进行时
was
/
were
being
done
现在完成时
has
/
have
been
done
过去完成时
had
been
done
主谓一致：找准主语和谓语动词，判断两者人称和数是否一致。
(1)主谓不一致
就近原则：there
be
,
or
,
not
only
....but
also
,
neither
.....nor
....
就远原则：with
,
along
with,
as
well
as
,rather
than
定语从句中的主谓一致：
与先行词保持一致
many
a+
n
,
more
than
+n
,each
,every
谓语用单数
a
number
of
/
the
number
of
(
2
)
第三人称单数形式的错用：
看主语是否为第三人称单数；是否为doing
或
to
do
作主语：
是否为从句作主语
（3）缺少动词
，特别是be动词，注意there
be
句型
相关练习：
1.?My
dream
school
starts
at
8:00
am
and
ends
at
3:00
pm.
They
are
three
lessons
in
the
morning
and
two
in
the
afternoon.
We?didn’t?need?to?do?so?much?homework.?Therefore,?we?have?more?time?with?after-school
activities.
2.Lots?of?studies?have?been?shown?that?global?warming?has?already?become?a?very?serious?problem.?
3.We?must?found?ways?to?protect?our?environment.
4.Tony?was?scared?and?begun?to?cry.?
5.A?woman?saw?him?crying?and?telling?him?to?wait?outside?the?shop.?
6.?In?the?mornings,?it?was?full?of?students?exercising.?The?view?from?the?back?of?the?classroom?is?also?splendid.?
Close?to?the?school?there?was?a?beautiful?park?with?many?trees?around?it.
7.My?mum?makes?the?best?biscuits?in?the?world,?so?I?decide?to?ask?her?for?help.?Mum?taught?me??some?basic?steps?of
?baking.?I?insisted?on?doing?most?of?the?baking?myself.
8.Then,
it
also
help
to
watch
TV
and
read
books.
9.?If?you?are?me,
would?you?talk?to?him?
10.Since?then?---?for?all?these?years?---?we?had?been?allowing?tomatoes?to?self-seed?where?they?please.?
（二）非谓语动词的考查
考点：
主要考查非谓语动词的判定及形式的选择。
回忆：非谓语动词如何判定
非谓语动词的形式：to
do
目的，将来，主动
to
be
done
将来，被动
doing
进行，主动
being
done
进行；被动
done
完成，被动
having
done
完成，主动
having
been
done
完成，被动
具体考点：1.动名词作主语（动词作主语，通常用doing的形式，注意主谓一致）
2.
介词+doing作宾语（常见介词：on,in,at,of,for,about,with,without,after,before等）
3.And
连接的不定式或动名词前后不一致（根据语境或语义进行调整）
4.作定语、状语时的主动被动关系（找准逻辑主语）
注意：doing和done之间的转化，
having
done和having
been
done之间的转化
5.to
do
不定式to的删除与添加（使役动词加不带to的不定式，在被动语态中还原to）
6.固定搭配：
跟to
do
形式的词：decide,
learn,
want,
plan,
manage,
pretend,offer,
promise,
agree
等
跟doing形式的词：avoid,
enjoy,
mind,
imagine,
appreciate,
look
forward
to,
insist
on
,
can’t
help
等
相关练习：
1.When
I
was
a
child,
I
spent
more
than
ten
years
learn
the
violin.
2.He
became
my
first
guitar
teacher.
It
took
me
such
a
long
time
choose
a
guitar
among
several
wonderful
models.
3.I
won
the
first
prize
in
the
English
speech
competition
hold
in
our
school
last
year.
4.Dressing
in
all
pink
from
head
to
toe,
he
was
singing
a
song
which
sounded
like
a
kid’s
song.
5.Upon
your
arrival，there
will
be
a
party
for
you
organizing
by
my
classmates.
6.Thank
you
so
much
for
not
only
giving
me
life,
but
also
teach
me
how
to
be
a
good
person.
7.Soon
Dad’s
friends
came
to
our
rescue,
restart
our
car
with
new
batteries.
8.Make
a
speech
used
to
be
a
big
problem
for
me.
9.Dropped
the
things
he
had
bought
to
the
ground,
he
ran
away
rapidly.
How
dangerous
it
was!
10.Having
been
seen
the
film,
everyone
was
deeply
moved.
考点三：形容词和副词
1.I’m
very
tiring.
考点：注意v-ed
和v-ing形式的形容词的用法，
-ed修饰人，-ing修饰物
2.The
global
warming
has
become
a
very
seriously
problem.
3.We
can
hear
birds
singing
happy
all
round.
考点：词性的误用
用adj.的情况：（1）形容词修饰n
(2)
be+adj.
(3)
感官动词（feel，taste，sound，smell，look）+adj.
联系动词+adj.
（keep，stay，remain,become,turn）
adj
and
adj
(6)
adv.+adj.
用adv.的情况：（1）adv.修饰v.
adj,
adv.
(2)
adv.放在句首或句末
（3）并列adv.
（4）adv.单独使用（however，moreover，besides，otherwise......）
I
learned
that
I
had
to
be
more
patient
and
little
aggressive.
考点：形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
用比较级的情况：（1）
比较级+than
（2）比较级
and比较级
（3）否定式+比较级=最高级
（4）the+比较级+主谓，
the+比较级+主谓
用最高级的情况：（1）the+最高级
（2）one
of
the+最高级
相关练习：
1.Recent
studies
show
that
we
are
far
more
productive
at
work
if
we
take
breaks
regular.
2.
He?liked?it?so?very
much?that?he?quickly?walked
into
the
shop.?
3.
Mom?said,
“How?nice?to?see?you?again!
Dad
and
I
were
terrible
worried.
”?
4.
On?the?left-hand?side?of?the?class,
I
could
easy
see?the?football
field.
5.?I?insisted?on?doing?most?of?the
baking
myself.?I?thought
the
biscuits
were
really
well.
6.Nearly?five?years?before,?with?the?help?of?my?father,?my?sister
and?I?grew?some?cherry?tomatoes
in?our?back?garden.
7.
My?mum?makes?the?better?biscuits?in?the
world.
8.
We?are?growing?wonderfully
tomatoes
at
no
cost!
9.
The?teachers?here?are?kind
and
helpfully.
10.
I??noticed?that?the
carriage?was
noise
and
filled
with
people.
考点四：连词
1.We
tried
to
fix
it
and
there
was
nothing
we
could
do.
2.He
found
where
his
parents
were
missing.
通过以上可知连词的考查分为并列连词和从属连词。
(一)从属连词:定语从句/名词性从句/状语从句（主要考查引导词的选择）
（1）定语从句：修饰名词和代词的从句，分为限制性和非限制性
引导词：that，which，who,whom,whose,as,when,
where,why
（2）名词性从句：从句在整个句子中充当名词的作用
分类：主语从句：从句作主语；it作形式主语
宾语从句：跟在vt和介词之后的从句；
it作形式宾语
表语从句：跟在系动词之后的从句
同位语从句：解释说明名词和代词的从句
引导词：that，
whether/if,
what
,who,
which,
whom,
whose,
when
,where
,why
how
以及+ever
(3)状语从句：
常用引导词：when,
while,
if,
unless,
before,
after,
once,
since,
for,
so
that
,
in
case,
as
long
as
,
until,
even
if
等
常考句型：（1）be
doing
......when
....
(2)
be
about
to
do
.......when
.....
(3)had
just
done
......when
no
sooner....than
(5)
hardly/scarcely..........when\before
（二）并列连词：and
but
or
的相互转化
根据句意选择
；
（2）根据并列连词词组选择
not
only......but
also.....
not
......
but......
neither....nor....
either.....or.........
as
well
as
需要注意：（1）两个连词不能同时使用，如
and
so.
（2）两个句子不能都用连词。
（3）只有一个句子时不能用从属连词。
（4）although
/
but
不连用，
because
/
so
不连用。
相关练习：
1.In
fact,
I
don't
like
to
go
anymore,
and
I'm
afraid
I'll
lose
their
friendship.
2.As
soon
as
we
arrived,
so
we
dropped
the
lines
into
the
water.
3.
It
is
so
cold
that
you
can
't
go
outside
if
fully
covered
in
thick
clothes.
4.
If
you
miss
this
chance,
it
may
be
years
since
you
get
another
one.
5.
Actually,
the
London
Olympic
Park
is
built
wherever
there
used
to
be
a
poor
area
called
East
London.
6.
My
suggestion
is
we
should
have
a
discussion
about
this
matter
instead
of
just
lying
it
aside.
7.
We
are
thinking
about
whom
can
be
admitted
into
our
club.The
number
of
member
is
limited.
8.She
listens
attentively
and
tries
to
catch
everything
which
the
teachers
say
in
class.
9.A
passenger
realized
he
couldn't
find
his
ticket
but
became
quite
upset.
10.As
time
went
on,
I
realized
what
ridiculous
I
had
been
at
that
time.
11.Her
performances
on
the
stage
were
perfect,
that
made
a
lot
of
people
admire
her.
12.We
all
consider
important
that
children
should
take
plenty
of
milk
as
they
grow.
13.I
have
three
foreign
teachers,
two
of
them
are
from
Canada.
14.I
finally
knew
the
reason
what
she
didn't
talk
to
me
and
comforted
her.
15.Though
not
very
big,
but
the
restaurant
is
popular
in
our
area.
考点五：冠词
1.Rose
comes
from
an
European
country.
2.Now
I
live
in
a
city,
but
I
miss
my
home
in
country.
考点：冠词主要考查零冠词，不定冠词和定冠词。
名词前不加冠词的情况：（1）不可数名词，复数名词表泛指（2）季节，三餐，球类，时间，星期前不加冠词
只用a/an的情况：（1）a/an
表示泛指的单数名词时eg.
a
boy
,
an
apple
表示某一个，一个
固定搭配
如：have
a
good
time
只用the的情况：（1）表示特指这个或有修饰限定词时
（2）指上文已经提到的事物
(3)
the+序数词+n
(4)
the
+最高级+n
（5）the+形容词/姓氏复数
表示一类人/一家人
（6）the+独一无二的事物
（7）动作+sb+介词+the+身体部位
take
sb.
by
the
arm抓住某人的胳膊
（8）固定搭配
相关习题：
1.
That’s
wonderful
film.
2.
I
was
asked
to
deliver
the
speech
before
the
whole
class
at
the
age
of
9!
3.
I'm
looking
forward
to
hearing
a
good
news
from
you.
4.
Sorry
that
I
haven’t
been
in
the
touch
for
a
while.
5.
My
daughter,
who
is
thirteen,
is
not
a
emotional
person.
6.
I
still
remember
the
days
when
I
was
child.
7.
In
word,
making
any
big
decision
alone
can
lead
to
problems.
8.
Now
I
have
made
such
a
great
progress
that
I
can
speak
English
more
fluently.
9.
Of
many
wonderful
memories
in
my
senior
years,
my
New
Year’s
party
of
2015
is
most
unforgettable
one.
10.
For
moment
I
felt
ashamed
but
then
I
felt
better.
考点六：代词
1.Rose
is
such
a
kind
girl
that
we
all
like
him
very
much.
2.The
Smiths
did
his
best
to
make
me
feel
at
home.
3.Just
at
that
moment
I
woke
up
and
found
me
still
in
the
bed.
4.We
heard
that
Mr.Wang
would
teach
our
English
this
term.
5.We
don’t
need
to
do
so
many
homework.
考点1：人称代词
人称前后不一致
如；例1
人称前后单复数不一致，如例2
代词的主格宾格及所有格
考点2：反身代词：（前边出现人称代词，后边仍需要此人称代词，此时用反身代词）
考点3：
不定代词
many+可数名词复数，much+不可数名词
Both两者都
either两者任何
neither两者都不
all
三者以上都
any三者及以上任何
none三者都不
another另外一个
One.....the
other
....一个....另一个
it
同类同物
that同类不同物
相关习题：
1.Much
rare
animals
are
dying
out.
2.We
must
find
ways
to
protect
your
environment.
3.Close
to
school
there
was
a
beautiful
park
with
many
trees
around
them.
4.I
want
to
do
anything
special
for
him
at
his
retirement
party.
5.It’s
been
three
Saturdays
now
and
it
really
costs
me
many.
6.How
do
you
think
I
should
do?
7.They
are
so
much
that
we
often
share
them
with
our
neighbors.
8.We
don’t
need
to
do
so
many
homework.
9.My
uncles
immediately
jumped
up
and
shot
the
arrows
at
the
bird.Neither
of
the
arrows
hit
the
target.
10.He
had
a
deep
voice,
which
set
himself
apart
from
others
in
our
small
town.
考点七：介词
He
never
dream
becoming
rich
in
a
short
period
of
time.
考点：介词在改错中主要考查基本用法和固定搭配。
介词破解点：1.与时间，地点，原因，方式搭配。
2.vt后多介词enter
into，return
back
3.
Vi后漏介词
4.介词后+ing形式
相关练习：
1.People
are
friendly
at
animals
2.I
have
dreamed
of
being
a
doctor
since
I
entered
into
the
primary
school.
3.I
have
told
myself
over
and
over
again
that
I’ll
concentrate
more
to
studies.
4.You
may
attend
to
English
classes
to
feel
a
different
learning
style.
5.The
host
family
will
also
show
you
off
some
famous
places
of
interest.
6.Most
people
can
quickly
get
for
help
from
a
doctor
or
go
to
a
hospital
since
they
are
ill.
7.It
will
make
you
familiar
to
Chinese
characters
and
enlarge
your
vocabulary
before
you
notice
it.
8.Only
saying
polite
words
can
you
get
on
well
with
others
9.When
I
first
go
to
there,
I
found
it
hard
to
use
English
properly.
10.The
government
and
the
local
people
take
powerful
measures
to
protect
antelopes
so
that
they
will
not
die
in
the
future.
短文改错练习：
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在其下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。
（一）
How
time
flies!
A
week
have
passed
before
I
noticed
it.
Looking
back
on
the
things
that
happening
last
week,
I
found
the
life
here
full
with
happiness
and
interests.
I
can
still
remember
the
first
day
of
the
summer
camp.
I
came
to
my
bedroom
by
myself.
When
I
opened
a
door,
I
saw
a
girl
with
short
hair
seating
in
a
chair
with
a
book
in
her
hand.
She
must
be
a
quiet
girl
who
liked
reading,
I
thought
myself
at
the
time.
After
we
said
hello
to
each
other,
other
girl
came
in
with
a
big
noise.
Her
name
was
Rose.
She
was
so
outgoing
and
humor
that
both
Cherry
and
I
couldn’t
help
laughing
at
her
words.
Then
we
had
studied
and
had
meals
together,
and
became
good
friends.
I
can’t
forget
the
day
when
we
spent
together
no
matter
where
we
are
in
the
future.
（二）
Dear
Li
Hua,
I
am
glad
to
receive
your
letter.
I
can
understand
how
sad
you
are
as
they
have
to
transfer
to
other
school.
But
everything
will
be
fine
when
you
adapt
to
your
new
surrounding.
In
your
letter,
you
asked
me
about
my
first
school.
In
my
memory,
my
first
school
was
very
large
with
each
classroom
beautiful
decorated.
There
was
a
big
square
lies
in
the
center
of
the
schoolyard.
And
I
could
have
good
view
of
the
square
from
my
classroom
windows.
My
favorite
teacher
was
my
English
teacher
which
was
patient
with
me.
Besides,
I
had
met
my
best
friend
Peter
in
the
school,
to
whom
I
still
keep
in
touch
even
though
we
are
in
different
schools
now.
I
hope
you
will
make
new
friends
but
enjoy
your
time
in
the
new
school.
（三）
In
a
couple
of
week,we
will
say
goodbye
to
our
school.How
the
time
flies!I
will
never
forget
the
past
three
years
that
I
have
enjoyed
a
wonderfully
journey
with
all
of
my
teachers
and
classmates.To
make
the
journey
fruitful,our
teachers
devoted
his
time
and
energy
to
us.Thanks
so
much
to
your
help
and
guidance,my
dear
teachers!I
really
appreciated
it.
Before
long,we'll
start
a
new
journey,and
there
may
be
a
lot
of
difficulties
in
do
everything
in
the
future.I
know
there
are
no
end
to
the
things
that
we
can
accomplish,and
tomorrow
is
the
beginning
of
the
hardest
part
of
our
life.May
you
happy
and
successful
all
the
time
in
your
new
life!