虚拟语气
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虚拟语气
概念 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望，意图，建议，惊奇，设想等未能实现的情况，以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况
虚拟语气受时间的制约，分成以下三种句式：
1）与现在事实相反 2）与过去事实相反 3）与将来事实相反
if引导的虚拟语气
与现在事实相反 might 动词过去式 wouldIf + 主语 were ， 主语 + could + V
与过去事实相反 might wouldIf + 主语+ ， 主语 + could +
与将来事实相反 动词过去式 mightIf + 主语 , 主语 + would + V Could
注意：1. 虚拟语气中助动词be 一律用were, 不用was
2. 在与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中，“if + 主语 + should + V + ……”表可能的假设
Have a try
1. If my father here now, he tell me what to do.
A. were; would B. were; will C. is; would D. is; will
2. If I a bee, I work much harder.
A. were; would B. were; shall C. had; will D. have; should
3. If I much money, I buy a house.
A. have; will B. had; should C. had; will D. have; should
4. He learn more quickly if he harder.
A. will; work B. would; worked C. would; work D. will; worked
5. If I you, I do that.
A. was; wouldn’t B. were; wouldn’t C. am; won’t D. were; won’t
6. If you the doctor’s advice, you would have recovered already.
A. followed B. would follow C. follow D. had followed
7. If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
8. I if she me.
A. would have overslep; didn’t call B. would have overslept; hadn’t called
C. overslept; hadn’t called D. would overslept; didn’t call
9. ---- If he , he that food.
---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; wouyld not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
10. She to the party if she invited.
A. would have gone; had been B. would go; was
C. would have gone; was D. has gone; was
11. It’s quite inpossible that it rain tomorrow. But if it , I would still go to the park.
A. should rain B. would rain C. rained D. had rained
12. I don’t think that I shall fail. But if I , I would try again.
A. should fail B. would fail C. failed D. had rained
13. tomrrow, what should we do
A. if it rains B. should it rain C. would it rain D. were it raining
注意：“if”虚拟语气倒装形式的使用：
如果“if”从句中含有“were， had”或“should”时， 则可省略连词“if”，而把“were，had”或“should”移至主语之前
例：if I were you, I would work hard == were I you, I would ………
If they had not come last time, we would have done…….==
If it should rain tomorrow, she would…….==
某些动词后并与从句中的虚拟语气
1. 表示要求、建议或命令、坚持如suggest, order, request, advise, insist, demand, command等动词，后跟宾语从句时，常用should + V，其中should可以省略
注意：suggest表示“表明，暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时，后面从句应用真实语气
2. 名词suggestion, proposal, order, advice, demand等后的表语从句和同位语，常用虚拟语气，should + V， should可以省略
其他形式的虚拟语气
It’s + time + that从句（虚拟语气）
high time 过去时/ should + V（should不可省）
about time
what if……… （如果…..该怎么办？）
当主语从句表示惊奇、惋惜、怀疑的时候应用虚拟语气，且用（should）+ V的结构。常用结构为：it’s strange/ necessary/ important/ a pity/ suggested/ vital/ essential…..that……
wish + 宾语从句
V-ed 表示与现在事实相反
wish + 主语 + 过去完成时 过去事实相反
could/ would/ might + V 将来事实相反
as if, as though表不可能，不真实情况时的虚拟语气
例：a. They look rahter puzzled, as if/ though they didn’t know 表示与现在事实相反
b. You look as if/ though you had seen a ghost 过去事实相反
c. He is very happy as if/ though the could win the game. 将来事实相反
6. would rather在虚拟语气中的用法
V-ed 表示与现在或将来事实相反
Would rather + 主语 +
过去完成时 表示与过去事实相反
if only（要是….就好了）后引起的感叹句中，虚拟语气的用法与if的虚拟语气结构相同
练习：
1. If my father here the day after tomorrow, he me at all.
A. came; can’t see B. comes; couldn’t see
C. comes; couldn’t have seen D. came; couldn’t see
2. it to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off until the same time next time.
A. should; / B. if; should C. were; / D. if; was going
3. I failed in the exam. How I wish I hard in the last three months!
A. work B. worked C. would work D. had would
4. If I you, I would not buy such an expensive dictionary.
A. was B. were C. am D. is
5. The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
6. Thanks a lot for your giving me a hand. Otherwise, I in the experiment.
A. have failed B. will fail C. would have failed D. must have failed
7. The boy insisted that he a UFO in his garden.
A. saw B. had seen C. would have seen D. should see
8. ---Where are the children The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
--- I wish they always late.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
9. Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
10. I sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come
11. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the Earth at night , too cold for us to live.
A. would be coldly freezing B. would be freezing cold
C. would be frozen cold D. will freeze coldly
12. ---Yao Ming and Yi Jianlian have finished their season in NBA this year.
--- Yes. They better but for the injuries.
A. could have done B. can do C. couldn’t have done D. can’t do
13. --- How I wish to go to the gas station before we left. –
-- Do you mean we’re out of gas
A. didn’t forget B. wasn’t forgetting C. wouldn’t have forgotten D. hadn’t forgotten
14. What you do if you in my position
A. would; were B. would; are C. will; were D. can; are
15. Look!If we had begun to do the work yesterday morning, we ourselves just like them.
A. would have enjoyed B. were to enjoy C. should enjoy D. would be enjoying
16. If he quietly as the doctor instructed, Ronald would not suffer so much now.
A. laid B. lay C. should lie D. had lain
17. The young man insisted that he nothing wrong and free.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set
C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set
18. What would have happened as far as the river bank
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
19. If it to snow next week, I would not go to visit that mountain village.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
20. the thick forest, we would often have to suffer from a sandstorm.
A. if it is not for B. if it were not for C. is it not for D. was it not for
21.--- Your sister nearly all her spare time to her study during the three years.
--- That’s right, or she the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.
A. devoted; wouldn’t have taken B. spent; wouldn’t have taken
C. hadn’t devoted; hadn’t taken D. hadn’t spent; couldn’t take
22. ---You better now if you had listened to me. --- Next time I will.
A. would be B. will be C. would have been D. had been.
23. --- the bike be repaired by him --- No, I’d rather he it repaired.
A. will; has B. shall; had C. should; have D. can; has
24. The librarian’s suggestion is that the library book to the library in a week.
A. will be returned B. would be returned C. is returned D. be returned
25. --- How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood
--- Next to nothing. I wish I harder at English.
A. worked B. had worked C. would work D. were working
26. the help from the doctor, the little boy his life.
A. apart from; should have lost B. without; could have lost
C. except for; would have lost D. but for; would have lost
27. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we it without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
28. The suggestion that the sports meeting deserves .
A. to be delayed; to be discussed B. will be delayed; to be discussed
C. be delayed; to be discussed D. be delayed; be discussed
29. “If I taking drugs, I would be a successful businessman now,” said the dying heroin addict.
A. didn’t start B. hadn’t started C. haven’t started D. shouldn’t started
30. The boy was having a class when the earthquake broke out in Yushu. He could have been killed if he with his family.
A. had stayed B. stayed C. would stay D. is to stay
31. I forget where I read the article, or I it to you now.
A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing
32. How I wish I my mouth before I shouted at my mum!
A. shut B. have shut C. had shut D. would shut
33. The boy insisted that he his best and praised.
A. had tried; must be B. tried; must be C. try; should be D. had tried be
34. It’s already 6 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s time
A. we are going home B. we go home
C. we went home D. we can go home
35. this afternoon, you would have to come again next week.
A. the boss were not to return B. the boss didn’t return
C. didn’t the boss return D. were the boss not to return
36. I advised that sister at her desk all day.
A. mustn’t B. not read C. doesn’t read D. needn’t read
37. The situation required that China its door to the outside world.
A. must open B. should open C. have to open D. has to open
38. I you a move valuable present for your birthday. I was short of money at that time.
A. must have brought B. would have bought C. had bought D. would buy
39. ---Do you want him to lend you some money --- I wish he .
A. had B. did C. would D. should
40. he come, the problem would be settled.
A. would B. should C. shall D. if
41. It was required that each student enough food on the trip.
A. had better bring B. would bring C. brought D. bring
42. This printer is of good quality. If it _____ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
43. She didn’t come yesterday, or you him.
A. had seen B. might have seen C. were to see D. would see
44. you last Wednesday, you might know it well.
A. were; to come B. if; came C. had; come D. did; come
45. I was ill that day, otherwise I the sports meet.
A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in
46. She couldn’t have answered the question id she a few books on world history.
A. didn’t read B. wouldn’t read C. haven’t read D. hadn’t read
47. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it .
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
48. we should have arrived sooner except we a flat tyre.
A. had B. would C. has not D. has
49. ----why didn’t you help him ---- I would have I didn’t have the money.
A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or
50. I would rather she with her friends that alone.
A. travel on train B. traveled by train C. travels by train D. travelling by the train
51. I would have invited her to the party but I her well.
A. don’t know B. didn’t know C. hadn’t know D. haven’t known
52. It was ordered that no smoking in the library.
A. was allowed B. be allowed C. would be allowed D. had been allowed
53. Would you have stayed with her
A. had she asked B. if she asked C. if she should ask D. should she ask
54. here, he would attend the lecture.
A. had he been B. if he were C. were he D. was he
55. without electricity, what
A. will the world be like B. would the world be like
C. the world would be like D. the world will be like
答案：
Have a try
1—13 AABBB DABBA AAB
练习
1—5 DCDBD 6—10 CBACD 11—15 BADAD 16—20 DBCCB
21—25 AABDB 26—30 DBCBA 31—35 BCDCD 36—40 BBBCB
41—45 DBBCA 46—50 DCABB 51—55 BBACB
概念 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望，意图，建议，惊奇，设想等未能实现的情况，以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况
虚拟语气受时间的制约，分成以下三种句式：
1）与现在事实相反 2）与过去事实相反 3）与将来事实相反
if引导的虚拟语气
与现在事实相反 might 动词过去式 wouldIf + 主语 were ， 主语 + could + V
与过去事实相反 might wouldIf + 主语+ ， 主语 + could +
与将来事实相反 动词过去式 mightIf + 主语 , 主语 + would + V Could
注意：1. 虚拟语气中助动词be 一律用were, 不用was
2. 在与将来事实相反的虚拟语气中，“if + 主语 + should + V + ……”表可能的假设
Have a try
1. If my father here now, he tell me what to do.
A. were; would B. were; will C. is; would D. is; will
2. If I a bee, I work much harder.
A. were; would B. were; shall C. had; will D. have; should
3. If I much money, I buy a house.
A. have; will B. had; should C. had; will D. have; should
4. He learn more quickly if he harder.
A. will; work B. would; worked C. would; work D. will; worked
5. If I you, I do that.
A. was; wouldn’t B. were; wouldn’t C. am; won’t D. were; won’t
6. If you the doctor’s advice, you would have recovered already.
A. followed B. would follow C. follow D. had followed
7. If my lawyer here last Saturday, he me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
8. I if she me.
A. would have overslep; didn’t call B. would have overslept; hadn’t called
C. overslept; hadn’t called D. would overslept; didn’t call
9. ---- If he , he that food.
---- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; wouyld not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
10. She to the party if she invited.
A. would have gone; had been B. would go; was
C. would have gone; was D. has gone; was
11. It’s quite inpossible that it rain tomorrow. But if it , I would still go to the park.
A. should rain B. would rain C. rained D. had rained
12. I don’t think that I shall fail. But if I , I would try again.
A. should fail B. would fail C. failed D. had rained
13. tomrrow, what should we do
A. if it rains B. should it rain C. would it rain D. were it raining
注意：“if”虚拟语气倒装形式的使用：
如果“if”从句中含有“were， had”或“should”时， 则可省略连词“if”，而把“were，had”或“should”移至主语之前
例：if I were you, I would work hard == were I you, I would ………
If they had not come last time, we would have done…….==
If it should rain tomorrow, she would…….==
某些动词后并与从句中的虚拟语气
1. 表示要求、建议或命令、坚持如suggest, order, request, advise, insist, demand, command等动词，后跟宾语从句时，常用should + V，其中should可以省略
注意：suggest表示“表明，暗示”，insist表示“坚持说”时，后面从句应用真实语气
2. 名词suggestion, proposal, order, advice, demand等后的表语从句和同位语，常用虚拟语气，should + V， should可以省略
其他形式的虚拟语气
It’s + time + that从句（虚拟语气）
high time 过去时/ should + V（should不可省）
about time
what if……… （如果…..该怎么办？）
当主语从句表示惊奇、惋惜、怀疑的时候应用虚拟语气，且用（should）+ V的结构。常用结构为：it’s strange/ necessary/ important/ a pity/ suggested/ vital/ essential…..that……
wish + 宾语从句
V-ed 表示与现在事实相反
wish + 主语 + 过去完成时 过去事实相反
could/ would/ might + V 将来事实相反
as if, as though表不可能，不真实情况时的虚拟语气
例：a. They look rahter puzzled, as if/ though they didn’t know 表示与现在事实相反
b. You look as if/ though you had seen a ghost 过去事实相反
c. He is very happy as if/ though the could win the game. 将来事实相反
6. would rather在虚拟语气中的用法
V-ed 表示与现在或将来事实相反
Would rather + 主语 +
过去完成时 表示与过去事实相反
if only（要是….就好了）后引起的感叹句中，虚拟语气的用法与if的虚拟语气结构相同
练习：
1. If my father here the day after tomorrow, he me at all.
A. came; can’t see B. comes; couldn’t see
C. comes; couldn’t have seen D. came; couldn’t see
2. it to rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off until the same time next time.
A. should; / B. if; should C. were; / D. if; was going
3. I failed in the exam. How I wish I hard in the last three months!
A. work B. worked C. would work D. had would
4. If I you, I would not buy such an expensive dictionary.
A. was B. were C. am D. is
5. The doctor recommended that you swim after eating a large meal.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
6. Thanks a lot for your giving me a hand. Otherwise, I in the experiment.
A. have failed B. will fail C. would have failed D. must have failed
7. The boy insisted that he a UFO in his garden.
A. saw B. had seen C. would have seen D. should see
8. ---Where are the children The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
--- I wish they always late.
A. weren’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
9. Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying
10. I sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come
11. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the Earth at night , too cold for us to live.
A. would be coldly freezing B. would be freezing cold
C. would be frozen cold D. will freeze coldly
12. ---Yao Ming and Yi Jianlian have finished their season in NBA this year.
--- Yes. They better but for the injuries.
A. could have done B. can do C. couldn’t have done D. can’t do
13. --- How I wish to go to the gas station before we left. –
-- Do you mean we’re out of gas
A. didn’t forget B. wasn’t forgetting C. wouldn’t have forgotten D. hadn’t forgotten
14. What you do if you in my position
A. would; were B. would; are C. will; were D. can; are
15. Look!If we had begun to do the work yesterday morning, we ourselves just like them.
A. would have enjoyed B. were to enjoy C. should enjoy D. would be enjoying
16. If he quietly as the doctor instructed, Ronald would not suffer so much now.
A. laid B. lay C. should lie D. had lain
17. The young man insisted that he nothing wrong and free.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set
C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set
18. What would have happened as far as the river bank
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
19. If it to snow next week, I would not go to visit that mountain village.
A. is B. was C. were D. are
20. the thick forest, we would often have to suffer from a sandstorm.
A. if it is not for B. if it were not for C. is it not for D. was it not for
21.--- Your sister nearly all her spare time to her study during the three years.
--- That’s right, or she the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.
A. devoted; wouldn’t have taken B. spent; wouldn’t have taken
C. hadn’t devoted; hadn’t taken D. hadn’t spent; couldn’t take
22. ---You better now if you had listened to me. --- Next time I will.
A. would be B. will be C. would have been D. had been.
23. --- the bike be repaired by him --- No, I’d rather he it repaired.
A. will; has B. shall; had C. should; have D. can; has
24. The librarian’s suggestion is that the library book to the library in a week.
A. will be returned B. would be returned C. is returned D. be returned
25. --- How much of the foreign expert’s speech have you understood
--- Next to nothing. I wish I harder at English.
A. worked B. had worked C. would work D. were working
26. the help from the doctor, the little boy his life.
A. apart from; should have lost B. without; could have lost
C. except for; would have lost D. but for; would have lost
27. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we it without you.
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
28. The suggestion that the sports meeting deserves .
A. to be delayed; to be discussed B. will be delayed; to be discussed
C. be delayed; to be discussed D. be delayed; be discussed
29. “If I taking drugs, I would be a successful businessman now,” said the dying heroin addict.
A. didn’t start B. hadn’t started C. haven’t started D. shouldn’t started
30. The boy was having a class when the earthquake broke out in Yushu. He could have been killed if he with his family.
A. had stayed B. stayed C. would stay D. is to stay
31. I forget where I read the article, or I it to you now.
A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing
32. How I wish I my mouth before I shouted at my mum!
A. shut B. have shut C. had shut D. would shut
33. The boy insisted that he his best and praised.
A. had tried; must be B. tried; must be C. try; should be D. had tried be
34. It’s already 6 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s time
A. we are going home B. we go home
C. we went home D. we can go home
35. this afternoon, you would have to come again next week.
A. the boss were not to return B. the boss didn’t return
C. didn’t the boss return D. were the boss not to return
36. I advised that sister at her desk all day.
A. mustn’t B. not read C. doesn’t read D. needn’t read
37. The situation required that China its door to the outside world.
A. must open B. should open C. have to open D. has to open
38. I you a move valuable present for your birthday. I was short of money at that time.
A. must have brought B. would have bought C. had bought D. would buy
39. ---Do you want him to lend you some money --- I wish he .
A. had B. did C. would D. should
40. he come, the problem would be settled.
A. would B. should C. shall D. if
41. It was required that each student enough food on the trip.
A. had better bring B. would bring C. brought D. bring
42. This printer is of good quality. If it _____ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
43. She didn’t come yesterday, or you him.
A. had seen B. might have seen C. were to see D. would see
44. you last Wednesday, you might know it well.
A. were; to come B. if; came C. had; come D. did; come
45. I was ill that day, otherwise I the sports meet.
A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in
46. She couldn’t have answered the question id she a few books on world history.
A. didn’t read B. wouldn’t read C. haven’t read D. hadn’t read
47. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it .
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
48. we should have arrived sooner except we a flat tyre.
A. had B. would C. has not D. has
49. ----why didn’t you help him ---- I would have I didn’t have the money.
A. still B. but C. otherwise D. or
50. I would rather she with her friends that alone.
A. travel on train B. traveled by train C. travels by train D. travelling by the train
51. I would have invited her to the party but I her well.
A. don’t know B. didn’t know C. hadn’t know D. haven’t known
52. It was ordered that no smoking in the library.
A. was allowed B. be allowed C. would be allowed D. had been allowed
53. Would you have stayed with her
A. had she asked B. if she asked C. if she should ask D. should she ask
54. here, he would attend the lecture.
A. had he been B. if he were C. were he D. was he
55. without electricity, what
A. will the world be like B. would the world be like
C. the world would be like D. the world will be like
答案：
Have a try
1—13 AABBB DABBA AAB
练习
1—5 DCDBD 6—10 CBACD 11—15 BADAD 16—20 DBCCB
21—25 AABDB 26—30 DBCBA 31—35 BCDCD 36—40 BBBCB
41—45 DBBCA 46—50 DCABB 51—55 BBACB