Unit 8 A green world 重点知识点汇总+巩固练习（含答案）

牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit8重点知识点汇总
重点单词短语熟记
掌握重点句型
▲单词
八下
8
dig
vi. &vt.挖（洞，沟等）
[d?g]
八下
8
serious
adj.认真的，严肃的
['s??r??s]
八下
8
breadfruit
n.面包果
八下
8
reduce
vi. &vt.减少，降低
[r??dju?s]
八下
8
turn off
关掉（开关），切断
[?t??n?f]
八下
8
recycle
vt.回收利用，循环利用
[ri?'sa?kl]
八下
8
cause
vt.导致，造成
[k??z]
八下
8
wise
adj.明智的，充满智慧的
[wa?z]
八下
8
plastic
n.塑料
['pl?st?k]
八下
8
separate
vi. &vt.分开，隔开
[?sep?r?t]
八下
8
recycling
n.回收利用，循环利用
八下
8
allow
vt.允许
[?'la?]
八下
8
cut down
砍倒
['k?tda?n]
八下
8
punish
vt.处罚，惩罚
[?p?n??]
八下
8
fine
vt.罚款 adj.美好(优秀)的
[fa?n]
八下
8
limit
vt.限制
[?l?m?t]
八下
8
depend
vi.依靠，依赖，指望
[d??pend]
八下
8
depend on/upon
依靠；取决于
八下
8
rich
adj.丰富的；富有的
[r?t?]
八下
8
resource
n.资源
八下
8
wisely
adv.明智地，充满智慧地
八下
8
run out
用完，耗尽
八下
8
produce
vt.导致，产生
[pr?'dju?s]
八下
8
difference
n.差异，不同（之处）
['d?f?r?ns]
八下
8
make a difference (to sb/sth)
（对…）有影响，起作用
八下
8
display
vt.&vi.展示；陈列
[d?'sple?]
八下
8
pollute
vt.污染
[p?'lu?t]
八下
8
harm
vt.伤害；损害
[hɑ?m]
八下
8
living
adj.活着的，活的
[?l?v??]
八下
8
survey
n.调查
[s??'ve?]
八下
8
empty
adj.空的
['empti]
八下
8
dust
n.灰尘，尘土
[d?st]
八下
8
harmful
adj.有害的
[?hɑ?mf?l]
八下
8
soil
n.土壤
[s??l]
八下
8
in place
在正确位置
八下
8
coal
n.煤
[k??l]
八下
8
oil
n.石油；原油；食用油
[??l]
八下
8
gas
n.气体；煤气
[ɡ?s]
八下
8
form
vt.&vi.形成
[f??m]
八下
8
carelessly
adv.满不在乎地；粗心地
[/?k e?l?sl?]
八下
8
reuse
vt.再使用
[ri??ju?z]
八下
8
simple
adj.简单的
[?s?mp(?)l]
八下
8
step
n.步骤
[step]
八下
8
power
n.电力；力量
[?pa?d?]
▲词组背诵
turn off
关上（开关）
separate...into
把...分成
cut down
砍伐，砍倒
be punished for sth./doing sth
因某事/做某事而受惩罚
depend on/upon
依靠；取决于
run out
用完，耗尽
make a difference to
...对...起作用，有影响
so that
以便，为了
be harmful to
对...有害
throw them away carelessly
不小心扔掉它们
be used again
再次被使用
keep their country clean
让他们的国家保持干净
sound like
听起来像
in place
在正确位
as well as
也，还有，而且
think about
考虑；思考
drop litter in a public place
把垃圾扔在公共场所
have a chance to do sth
有机会做某事
use both sides of the paper
使用纸的两面
here is/are...
这儿有...
not only...but（also）
不但...而...
if possible
如果可以的话，如果可能的话
take proper actions
采取恰当的措施
by mistake
错误地
millions of years
几百万年
it is time for sb.to do sth
到某人做某事的时候了
in order to
为了，以便
【考点精讲】
一、核心词汇
1．allow vt．
[考点点拨] allow作动词，意为“允许”。(not) allow sb. to do sth. ＝sb．is(n't) allowed to do sth（不）允许某人做某事。如：
This school doesn't allow students to use mobile phones.
这所学校不允许学生使用手机。
He is not allowed to stay out late.
他不允许晚归。
allow doing sth.允许做某事。如：
We don't allow smoking in the room
我们不允许有人在房间里抽烟。
2．depend vi．
[考点点拨] depend意为“依靠，依赖，指望”，一般不用于进行时。它是不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语。跟宾语时要加介词on或upon，主要用法如下：
depend后面跟名词或代词，即：depend on/upon sb. /sth．
依靠／指望某人／某物。如：
We depended on ourselves and overcame all difficulties.
我们依靠自己的力量克服了所有的困难。
后面跟带不定式的复合结构，即：depend on/upon sb. to do sth．，意为“指望某人做某事”，可转换为depend on one('s) doing sth.。如：
You can't depend on them to do it.
＝You can't depend on their/them doing it.
你不能指望他们做这件事。
3．harm vt．
[考点点拨] harm用作及物动词时，意为“伤害，损害，
对……有害处”。如：
I have never harmed anybody.
我从未伤害过任何人。
Doctors say smoking harms our health
医生说吸烟有害健康。
harm还可以用作不可数名词，意为“危害，害处”。harmful形容词，意为“有害的”；harmless形容词，意为“无害的，不会导致损伤的”；do harm to ＝ be harmful to对……有害。如：
The drought did a lot of harm to the crops.
干旱使庄稼遭到很大损害。
It is harmful to your health to drink too much
过量喝酒对你的健康有害。
4. living adj．
[考点点拨] living作形容词，意为“活着的，活的”，指长久存在，活力经久不衰，可用于人也可用于物，还可用于比喻。living在句中作定语时，既可前置也可后置。引申可作“现存的；在使用中的；逼真的；生动的”解。如：
living things生物；living animals活着的动物
The giraffe is the tallest of all living animals.
长颈鹿是所有现存动物中最高的。
living作形容词时，没有比较级或最高级。
living还可以用作可数名词，意为“生活，生计”。指的是一种谋生的具体方式或手段，常和冠词a连用。
What do you do for a living?
你以什么谋生？
He left his office job to try to make a living on the land.
他辞去了办公室的工作，设法以务农为生。
二、核心句型
1. We can save energy by turning off the lights when we leave a room.
当我们离开房间时，我们可以通过关掉灯来节能。
[考点点拨] turn off关掉（电源开关、水龙头、液化气闸阀等）。当宾语用名词表示时，可以放在turn off中间，也可以放在turn off之后；当宾语用代词表示时，只能放在turn off中间。类似用法的短语有：turn on打开（电源开关、水龙头、液化气闸阀等），turn up调大／调高／调亮，turn down调小／调低／调暗。如：
Do you mind if I turn off the light?
我把灯关掉你介意吗？
Why is the light still on? Please turn it off.
灯为什么还开着？请把它关掉。
2. For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees.
例如，我们不允许砍树。
[考点点拨] cut down砍倒，通常指砍倒树木。宾语用名词表示时可以放在中间，也可以放后面；宾语用代词表示时只能放在中间。如：
These trees are so beautiful. We won't cut them down.
这些树这么美，我们不会砍倒它们。
3. Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference!
记住每个人都能做一些事情让世界有所不同！
[考点点拨] make a difference (to sb./sth)（对某人／某物）有影响／起作用／创造不同。如：
One honest man can make a difference.
一个老实人可能产生影响。
Does his absence make a difference to your work?
他的缺席会影响你的工作吗？
make no difference (to sb．/sth．)（对某人／某物）没作用／没影响／无关紧要。如：
Flowers make no difference to this room
这个房间里有没有花都没什么区别。
三、重点语法
一般将来时的被动语态
在被动语态中，当动作还没有发生时，需要用一般将来时的被动语态结构。
1．一般将来时被动语态的肯定句的构成：（以动词help为例）
The new film will be shown next Thursday.
这部新电影将在下周四上映。
2．一般将来时被动语态的否定句的构成：在助动词will或be going to中的be动词后面加not(可缩写)。
The meeting won't be held tomorrow.
会议明天不会召开。
3．一般将来时被动语态的一般疑问句的构成：将助动词will或be going to中的be动词移至句首，其他作相应变化。当主语是第一人称时，助动词will也可以用shall。
肯定回答用“Yes，主语+will.”或“Yes，主语+am/ is/are”。
否定回答用“No，主语+won't.”或“No，主语+am not isn't/aren't．”。如：
- Will the work be finished at once?
这项工作会立刻被完成吗？
- Yes, it will.／No, it won't.
是的，立刻就完成。／不，不会。
4．一般将来时被动语态的特殊疑问句的构成：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？对主语提问时句子结构为：特殊疑问词+will be/be going to be+过去分词？当主语是第一人称时，助动词will也可以用shall。如：
When will these books be published?
这些书将在什么时候被出版？
Who will be invited to our party?
谁将会被邀请参加我们的聚会？
【考点精练】
一、单项选择
( )1. (2014．南京)We're sure that the environment in our city_______ greatly through our work in the near future.
A improved B. was improved
C has improved D. will be improved
( )2. (2014．成都)Mum wants to watch the CCTV news. Let's _______ the TV.
A．turn down
B turn on
C turn off
( )3. (2014．重庆)The little girl was crying because her mother didn't allow her _______ the ice cream.
A eat B．eats C to eat D. ate
( )4. (2014．遂宁)We are planning to go for a picnic this weekend, but it _______ the weather.
A keeps on B．puts on C depends on
( )5. (2014．无锡)A little wine will not be_______ to your health. Just don't drink too much.
A．helpful B helpless C harmful D harmless
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. It makes no_______ (different) to me whether you go or not.
2. That man makes a_______ (live) by writing.
3. (2014．盐城)Next week a speech on art _______ (give) by an artist in our school.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1．(2014．广州)为了进一步美化校园，下个月会在学校种很多树。
Next month many trees______________ in our school to make it more beautiful.
2．那棵苹果树枯死了，所以他把它砍掉了。
The apple tree was dead, so he_____________________.
3．在我的城市里，空气污染要比中国其他城市少。
There is_______ in my city than that in other cities in China.
参考答案
一、1—5 DBCCC
二、1. difference 2. living 3. will/is going to be given
三、1. will/are ging to be planted 2. cut it down 3. less air pollution
巩固练习
单项选择
1． –Is Tony home? -Yeah, he’s just _______ back from Chengdu.
A. coming B. comes
C. came D. come
2．—Our school a lot in the last few years. It looks much more beautiful than before.
— Yes,we think so..
A. changes B. changed
C. will change D. has changed
3．Our government has done _____ to stop pollution.
A.useful something
B. useful anything
C. something useful
4．--Have you seen _________ film where are we going, Dad?
--Yes, it’s quite ______ interesting film so that I have seen it twice.
A. a , the B. the, an
C. a, an D. the, the
5． I think that you have made rapid _____ in math.
A. a progress B. progress
C. progresses D. progressed
6．How long ____ his grandfather ____ ?
A. has, been dead
B. has, died
C. did, die
7．--- I’d like something to read . --- OK .Here are some ________.
A. CDs B. pencils
C. hamburgers D. books
8． to the band is a good way to wake up.
A. Listen B. Hearing C. Listening
9．Jean is very pretty, but she hasn’t any good friends. _________ , being beautiful doesn’t mean being liked.
A. As a result B. That is to say
C. For example D. On the other hand
10．Scientists think that there _____ life on Earth for millions of years.
A. has had B. have had
C. has been D. have been
完形填空
I’ve never thought about talking with a stranger online before. I thought it was dangerous, but last month I it. Let me tell you what happened. I set up my speaker and my microphone (话筒) and then began walking into different kinds of , because I didn’t know which room was right me. I just wanted to find a native （本地的）English speaker to talk to, I failed(失败).Several days later, I went online again and an English speaking room. I hoped this room would become a good place for learners. The third time, I stayed in my room, and several people entered it. There were two native English speakers. One was from the UK, and the other was from Australia. It was too because neither of them had a microphone.
couldn’t speak to us but just typed words so our conversation went on . However, I learned a lot from that conversation. I thought I have known a lot about English, but the fact is that I still have a way to go. I will work harder.
11．A. read B. finished C. tried D. took
12．A. stations B. libraries C. rooms D. parks
13．A. for B. in C. with D. on
14．A. though B. but C. so D. because
15．A. found B. closed C. broken D. left
16．A. Chinese B. English C. maths D. history
17．A. bad B. soft C. proud D. favourite
18．A. We B. You C. I D. They
19．A. healthily B. well C. slowly D. quickly
20．A. short B. long C. easy D. good
Once upon a time, a rich man wanted to make a trip to another town. He tried not only to take things to sell but also to take money to things with. He to take ten servants with him. They would the things to sell and the food to on their trip. Before they started, a little boy ran up to and asked to with them.
The rich man said to the little boy, “well,______may go with us._____you are the smallest, the thinnest and the weakest of all my _____,you can’t carry a ___load. You must ______ the lightest one to carry.” The boy thanked his master and chose the biggest to carry. That was bread.
“You are ,”said his master. “That is the biggest and the heaviest one.”The boy said 13 and lifted the load happily.
On the trip they walked for days and at last they got to the town. All the servants were tired but the little boy was very . Do you know ? Most of the bread was eaten during the trip and a little was left when they arrived in the town.
21．A. eat B. buy C. change D. get
22．A. decided B. liked C. hoped D. tried
23．A. take B. bring C. carry D. borrow
24．A. cook B. eat C. buy D. drink
25．A. them B.the servants(仆人)C. the roadD. the rich man
26．A. stop B. stay C. go D. talk
27．A. you B. he C.I D. they
28．A. Since B. If C. Because D. But
29．A. family B. guests C. servants D. things
30．A. heavy B. light C. small D. difficult
31．A. eat B. choose C. pick up D. understand
32．A. brave B. right C. clever D. stupid
33．A. sorryB. nothing C. angrily D. goodbye
34．A. besidesB. of C. except D. with
35．A. who B. him C. that D. why
三、阅读理解
Tina was not like many of her classmates. She didn’t listen to popular music or watch many movies, and she wasn’t interested in nice clothes. When she got together with her friends, they wanted to listen to rock and pop music. When Tina asked if they would like to try classical (古典的) music, they all looked at her strangely.“Classical music is for old people, ” one of her friends said. Tina was worried that something was wrong with her. She decided to talk to her father. As she entered his study (书房), her father could feel something was wrong.
“Dad, am I strange?” she asked her father.“Of course not, ” he answered. “Why do you ask that?” “Because I don’t like the same things as my classmates do. They want to listen to Mariah Carey’s music. I like Yo Yo Ma’s.” “I can understand, Tina, it’s all right to be your own person. You don’t have to copy (模仿) what other people do. Everybody has different tastes. Some of them are popular, and others aren’t. ”After talking with her father, Tina felt better. She realized (意识到) that being different made her special. It was an important lesson for her to learn.
36．Tina liked to .
A. listen to Mariah Carey’s music
B. go to the movies
C. listen to classical music
D. buy nice clothes
37．Why did Tina talk with her father?
A. Because she wanted to tell him about Yo Yo Ma.
B. Because she wanted to talk about her problem.
C. Because she wanted to know about her friends.
D. Because she wanted to give him some ideas.
38．What does the underlined part “be your own person” mean?
A. Do what’s right for you.
B. Try to like the same things.
C. Do what others do.
D. Try to get everything you need.
39． Tina’s father made Tina feel .
A. angry B. worried
C. excited D. better
40．What can we learn from the passage?
A. We don’t have to be like others.
B. Friends can say bad things sometimes.
C. Classical music is better than pop music.
D. Tina found a new friend.
句型转换
句型转换 根据括号内的要求改写句子，每空限填一词。（本大题共5分，每格0.5分）
41．The children have already visited the park. (改为否定句)
The children visited the park .
42．He had to lie in bed because he was seriously ill. (保持意思基本不变)
He had to lie in bed the serious illness.
43．She should say “sorry” to her friend. (对划线部分提问)
should she to her friend?
44．Those local businesses support the charity show. (改为被动语态)
The charity show by the local businesses.
45．They offered many books to the students in poor areas. (保持意思基本不变)
They many books the students in poor areas.
改写句子 按照括号中的要求完成改写后的句子，每个空格填一个单词。（5分）
46．Did he break the window yesterday? (改被动语态)
__________ the window __________ by him yesterday?
47．“How long will you be there?” she asked. (改为间接引语)
She asked me how long __________ __________ be there.
48．He will succeed in his scientific research. I’m sure.（合并为一句）
I’m sure __________ his __________ in his scientific research.
49．Jim won the first prize in the competition three years ago.（划线提问）
When __________ Jim __________ the first prize in the competition?
50．Hurry up, or you’ll miss the bus. (同义句)
__________ you __________ hurry up, you’ll miss the bus.
补充句子
根据中文意思完成句子。将答案部分写在答题卡相应题号后的横线上。
51．要提高英语水平，你最好多读书。
To improve your English, you__________ do more reading.
52．小时候，北京的天常常是蓝色的。
The sky __________ blue in Beijing when we were young.
53．我们相信中国梦一定会在不远的将来实现。
We are sure the Chinese dream __________ in the near future.
54．消防员们尽了最大努力确保所有人安全。
The firefighters __________ everyone safe.
55．请告诉孩子们，每天吃早饭对他们很重要。
Please tell the children __________ breakfast every day.
参考答案
1．D
2．D
3．C
4．B
5．B
6．A
7．D
8．C
9．B
10．C
11．C
12．C
13．A
14．B
15．A
16．B
17．A
18．D
19．C
20．B
21．B
22．A
23．C
24．B
25．D
26．C
27．A
28．D
29．C
30．A
31．B
32．D
33．B
34．D
35．D
36．C
37．B
38．A
39．D
40．A
41．haven’t ， yet
42．because ，.of
43．What ，say
44．is ，supported
45．provided ，for
46．Was；broken
47．I would
48．of；success
49．did；win
50．If；don’t
51．had better
52．used to be
53．will come true
54．did/tried their best to keep
55．it’s important for them to have