Unit 8 A green world 重点知识点汇总 (2)+单元练习（含答案）

牛津译林版八年级英语下册Unit8重点知识点汇总
重点单词短语熟记
掌握重点句型

考点一：考查被动语态的用法
Will more trees be planted this year?
今年将种植更多的树吗？(教材第106页)
中考链接
We’re sure that the environment in our city _____ greatly through our work in the near future.
A. improved B. was improved C. has improved D. will be improved
【答案】D
【解析】根据句意可知，environment和improve之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，由句中时间状语in the near future可知，故选D。
Tourists’ bad behavior by the government in our country from now on.
A. will record B. will be recorded C. records D. is recorded
【答案】B
【解析】句意：从现在起，游客不文明的行为举止被我国政府记录在案。A. will record主动语态的一般将来时态；B. will be recorded 被动语态的一般将来时态；C. records主动语态的一般现在时；D. is recorded被动语态的一般现在时。根据时间from now on可知用将来时态，根据主语和谓语之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，故选B。
考点二：考查谓语动词的时态
World Environment Day is coming.世界环境日就要到了。(教材第106页)
中考链接
——Peter, can you come downstairs and do me a favor?
—Yes, mum. I ______.
A. came B. come C. am coming
【答案】C
【解析】英语中表示位置移动的动词可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作，如come，go，leave等，根据句意“我就来”可知，故选C。
考点三：考查one of…的用法
Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today.
今天，污染是世界上最大的问题之一。(教材第114页)
中考链接
Mo Yan is one of ______ writers in the world.
A. famous B. more famous C. most famous D. the most famous
【答案】D
【解析】“one of + the +形容词最高级+复数名词”，是固定结构，意为“最……之一”。
句子翻译
(103)丹东是中国最美城市之一。
Dandong is one of ____________ in China.
【答案】the most beautiful cities
考点四：考查形容词比较等级的用法
Our environment is changing for the worse, …
我们的环境正在变得更糟，……(教材第118页)
中考链接
—How are you today, Mike?
—I’m _______ now. I don’t think this medicine is good for me.
A. badly B. better C. well D. worse
【答案】D
【解析】本题考查形容词比较等级的用法。根据句意“迈克，你今天身体怎么样？”“我现在更糟了。我认为这种药对我没有好处”可知，空白处应为“更糟”，故选D。
2. (2015 ?哈尔滨市中考)Boys and girls, believe in yourselves. The ___ you are, the better grades you’ll get.
A. more careful B. more carefully C. most carefully
【答案】A
【解析】句意：孩子们，要相信自己。你越仔细，你得到的成绩越好。“The+比较级，The+比较级”表示“越......越......”； more careful更仔细的；more carefully 更仔细地；most carefully最仔细地。根据句意，所以选A。
Unit8 易混淆单词和短语辨析
1. 辨析：be good at, be good for, be good to, good with
be good at
“擅长；在……（方面）做得好”，后面接表示事物的名词、代词或动名词。
be good for
“对……有益(有用）”，后面接表示人或物的名词或代词。
be good to
“对……好(和善)”，后面接人或人格化的名词或代词。
be good with
“与……相处得好”，后面接表示人的名词或代词。
例：Xu Beihong was good at drawing horses. 徐悲鸿擅长画马。
Drinking more water is good for you. 多喝水对你有好处。
She is very good to her neighbors. 她对她的邻居很和善。
He is very good with the children. 他与这些孩子相处得很好。
2. 辨析: instead, instead of
instead
instead代替，反而，可置于句末，其前不用逗号。也可置于句首，其后可用逗号，也可不用。
instead of
instead of代替，而不是。是介词短语，后跟名词、代词、动名词，位于句中。
例：If you cannot go, let him go instead.
如果你不能去，让他替你去。
He will go to the meeting instead of me.他将代替我去开会。
考题链接
让我们去远足而不是待在家里，好吗？
Let’s go hiking ____________ staying at home, shall we?
【答案】instead of
【解析】本题考查短语instead of。该短语意为“代替，而不是”。
3. 辨析: home, house, family
home
意为“家”，指某人出生及日常生活的环境，包括住所及家人。
house
一般指居住的建筑物，即“房子，住宅”。
family
意为“家人，家庭”，指组成家庭的成员，特别指父母及子女，有时仅指子女。
例：My home is in Nanjing.我家在南京。
There are three rooms in my house.我的房子里有三个房间。
His family is a happy one.他的家庭是个幸福的家庭。
4. 辨析：alive, living, live, lively
alive
活着的，作表语时，修饰人或物均可，这时可与living互换；作定语时应后置。
living
活着的，主要作前置定语，也可作表语。the living意为“活着的人”。
live
活的，实况转播的，作定语，一般修饰物。
lively
活泼的，生机勃勃的，既可作表语，也可作定语，修饰人或物均可。
如：Was the cat alive/living or dead? 这只猫是死的还是活的？
There will be live TV coverage of tonight’s big match.
电视将实况转播今晚的盛大比赛。
Kate is a lively girl.凯特是一个活泼的女孩。
Unit8 单元短语句型归纳
【短语集萃】
plant trees植树，种树
be good for 对......有益
go with sb.和某人一起去
care about关心，担心
World Environment Day 世界环境日
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事
air pollution空气污染
ride a bicycle骑自行车
save water节约用水
take showers洗操，淋浴
online friend 网友
try to do sth.努力做某事
separate into分离成，把......分成
save energy节约能源
turn off关上(开关）
protect the environment 保护环境
recycle waste废物利用
used to do sth.过去常常做某事
drive sb. to sp.开车送某人去某地
take the underground 乘地铁
more and more越来越多的
public transport公共交通(设施）
remember to do sth.记得做某事
all over the country 全国
charity shops慈善商店
send sth. to sb.把某物送给某人
take place发生，举行
invite sb. to sp.邀请某人去某地
throw into 扔进
the future在将来，在未来
be filled with装满，填满，充满
clean up打扫，清理
have a chance to do sth.有机会做某事
think about/of 思考，考虑
work together 一起工作
daily habits日常习惯，生活习惯
the number of………的数目/数量
brush teeth 刷牙
less than不到，少于
both sides of paper 纸的两面
the result of the survey 调查结果
be harmful to 对......有害
try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事
provide sth. for sb.给某人提供某物
some time 一些时间，一段时间
read sth. through 浏览，通读
nature resources 自然资源
not only... but (also).不但……而且……
dig up挖出
as a result结果
throw away 扔掉
if possible如果可能
be in use在使用中
do more exercise 多锻炼
in order to do sth. 为了做某事
develop a green lifestyle 开发一种绿色生活方式
【典句必背】
Trees are good for us.树对我们有好处。
World Environment Day is coming.世界环境日就要到了。
We can reduce air pollution by riding bicycles.我们可以通过骑自行车减少空气污染。
It’s wise for people to choose public transport or ride bicycles.
选择公共交通或骑自行车对人们来说是明智的。
For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees.例如，我们是不允许砍伐树木的。
We depend on its rich resources to live, …我们依靠它富饶的资源而生存，……。
Remember that everyone can do something to make a difference.
记住每个人都能做一些事情来发挥作用！
What do they do with old clothes? 他们如何处置旧衣服？
Pollution is one of the biggest problems in the world today.
今天，污染是世界上最大的问题之一。
Take showers for less than 10 minutes.洗澡不超过10分钟。
Air pollution is harmful to our health.空气污染对我们的健康有害。
Do more exercises and watch less TV.多锻炼，少看电视。
【语法对比】：一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态
一、构成对比
1. 一般过去时的被动语态：was / were + 动词的过去分词
如： The teaching building was built six years ago.
这座教学楼建于六年前。
2. 一般将来时的被动语态：“will be + 动词的过去分词”或“am / is / are going to be + 动词的过去分词”
如： This museum will / is going to be finished next month.
这座博物馆将于下个月竣工。
二、否定形式和疑问形式对比
1. 否定形式：
★一般过去时的被动语态否定形式：was / were + not + 动词的过去分词
如： The window was not broken by him.
窗玻璃不是他打碎的。
★一般将来时的被动语态否定形式：“will not be + 动词的过去分词”或“am / is / are not going to be + 动词的过去分词”
如：The new film will not / isn’t going to be shown in our city next week.
那部新电影下周不在我们城市放映。
2. 疑问形式：
★一般过去时的被动语态疑问形式：通常把was / were置于主语前。如：
Were the textbooks written in 2000?
这些课本是2000年写的吗？
Where were those buses made?
那些公共汽车是哪里制造的？
★一般将来时的被动语态疑问形式：将will/(be going to中的) am / is / are置于主语之前。如：
When will the road be opened to traffic?
这条路什么时候通车？
Are we going to be asked to attend the meeting?
我们会被邀请参加会议吗？
【趁热打铁】
Ⅰ.选出最佳选项。
1. Many trees and flowers ___________ in our school last year.
A. plant B. planted
C. have planted D. were planted
2. It’s said that 215 more new schools ___________ in this city by 2020.
A. are building B. were built
C. have built D. will be built
Ⅱ. 请根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词(含缩写)。
1. 今天下午的会议不在校礼堂开。
The meeting this afternoon ____________________ in the school hall.
2. 那座房子是什么时候建的？
_________________ the house ___________?
Key: Ⅰ. 1. D 2. D
Ⅱ. 1. won’t be held 2. When was; built
【语法剖析】：一般将来时的被动语态
【教材典句】
1. … we will be fined by the police. ……我们会被警察罚款。
2. Will the show be held at your school?展览会在你们学校举行吗？
3. Who’ll be invited to the show? 谁将被邀请参加这次展览？
以上三句均是一般将来时的被动语态，下面我们来学习一下一般将来时的被动语态。
【语法全解】
一、一般将来时的被动语态的基本结构：
1.肯定式:will/be going to+be+done。
Apple trees will be planted tomorrow.苹果树要在明天栽。
These trees are going to be cut down.这些树将要被砍伐。
2.否定式：will not/be not going to+be+done。
The meeting won't be held tomorrow.明天不举行会议。
The problem isn’t going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.
这个问题将不在明天的会议上讨论。
3.—般疑问句及其回答：含will的句子，把will提前；含be going to的句子，把be提前。回答用Yes或No。
—Will the work be finished in two hours? 这项工作会在两个小时内完成吗？
—Yes, it will.是的，它会被完成。
—Are these trees going to be cut down? 这些树将被砍掉吗？
—Yes, they are.是的，将被砍掉。
二、一般将来时的被动语态用法：
1.表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作。
This work will/is going to be done at once.这项工作将立即被做。
The new film will be shown next Thursday.这部新电影将在下周四上映。
2.在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。
If I am given enough time, I will go to Japan for my holiday.
如果我被安排足够的时间，我将去日本度假。
3.表示有固定性条件就会有规律性被动结果。
If you speak in class, you will be punished.
如果你在课堂上讲话，你将会被惩罚。
【助记】
一般将来时变被动语态的歌诀
将来时，变被动，will be后“过分”用。
宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
其他形式如“打算”，be going to最常见。
否定、疑问句子中，will或be灵活变。
Unit8 单元检测题
一、单项填空
1. In our school girl students are not allowed _______ long hair.
A. having B. have C. had D. to have
2. I have to leave now _______ I can catch the early bus.
A.so that B. as soon as C. because D. if
3. The box _______books.
A. is filled with B. is used for C.is aimed at D. is filled of
4. —Have you got anything to do this afternoon, Lucy and Tom?
—Yes. _______ of us are going to the home for the elderly.
A. Each B. Either C. Both D. All
5. The man in blue is new here, so ______ people him.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
6. My homework _______ soon.
A. will be finished B. has been finished
C. will finish D. finishes
7. Remember to _______ the lights when you leave a room.
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down
8. It’s time for you _______ lessons.
A .start B. starts C.to start D. starting
9. We were separated _______ groups for the game.
A. onto B. to C. into D. by
10. China is a country ________ long history.
A. of B. with C. about D. has
二、完形填空
My mother with her friends 11 going to visit the USA 12 week. She is going there 13 plane. She is going to stay there for two weeks. She is going to have a meeting there. Then she is going to do some 14 in New York. America is a big country. It 15 many famous places of interest. She is going to visit the White House, the Golden Bridge and Disneyland. I’m sure she is going to 16 something for me. I’m good 17 English and I 18 America very much. I’m looking forward to 19 in San Francisco someday. I want to 20 the beautiful sights there.
11. A. be B. are C. am D. is
12. A. last B. during C. at D. next
13. A. take B. by C. on D. in
14. A. sights B. sightsee C. sightseeing D. shops
15. A. have B. has C. is D. does
16. A. take B. sell C. bring D. make
17. A. for B. at C. in D. about
18. A. go B. likes C. like D. loves
19. A. study B. studying C. stay D. learn
20. A. enjoy B. hate C. look D. forget
三、阅读理解
A
Come to Austria（奥地利）
Soll is a village in the mountains in western Austria. And the Post Hotel is clean and not expensive. It is owned by a local family. From the hotel you can see the whole village, the forests and the mountains. Temperatures in summer are usually 20° to 25° in the daytime, but much cooler in the evening.
Enjoy Thailand（泰国）
When you visit Bangkok in Thailand, don’t miss the early morning river boat trip to the Floating Market just outside the city. There you will find many kinds of fruits and vegetables. And you can pay for them when you sit in your boat. Don’t forget your hat, the sun can be strong and it may be as hot as 40° at noon.
Visit Hawaii
Maybe the most beautiful place in Hawaii is Kauai. You can visit the long, sandy beaches in the south and west of the island or the mountains and forests in the north, but don’t be surprised if it rains in the center of the island. Daytime temperatures there are usually around 24° to 26° by the sea, and only a little cooler by late evening.
21. The advertisements above are about _______.
A. shopping B. food C.travel D. hotels
22. If you go to Bangkok, you can _______.
A. climb mountains B. enjoy the scenery of the forests
C. live in the Post Hotel D. buy fruits while sitting in your boat
23. ________is one good way to protect yourself from the strong sunshine in Bangkok.
A. Going to the sandy beaches B. Wearing a hat
C. Climbing up the mountains D. Staying in the forests
24. Which place will you choose if you want to visit both mountains and beaches?
A. Soll in Austria. B. Bangkok in Thailand.
C. The Floating Market. D. Kauai in Hawaii.
25. According to the advertisements, we know that ______.
A. the hottest travel place is Soll
B. maybe it often rains in the center of Kauai
C. the Floating Market is in Austria
D. the Post Hotel in Austria is clean but the price is high
B
Good afternoon, everyone! This is Rose Garden Middle School Radio. John Smith speaking, with something new to share with you today. We all know that thinking green is sometimes the most difficult thing to do, but not impossible! Bed ZED, a new eco-friendly village (生态村) in the south of London, has done a great job of providing its villagers with a high level living while getting them to pay more attention to protecting the environment.
People in Bed ZED have done many things. They recycle their paper, plastic, glass and other daily things. They build many houses whose windows face south in order to get as much sunlight as possible. The rainwater is collected for use in the toilets. Also, the people there travel to work in shared cars or use public transportation if they work far away.
Now, you may think it’s not easy to live such a life, but let me tell you, it’s not! It’s a way of life! We just have to say no to what is bad for the environment, and begin working on ideas to protect it. Life would be much more pleasant if villages like Bed ZED existed （存在） all over the world! Thank you for listening!
26. What people in Bed ZED often do is ______.
A. to build a lot of houses
B. to go to work in their own cars
C .to recycle the paper, plastic and glass
27. In Bed ZED, the water used in the toilet may come from _____.
A. river water B. running water C. collected rainwater
28. People in Bed ZED usually go to work ______ if they work far away.
A. by bus B. on foot C. by bike
29. The expression “thinking green” might mean the same as ______.
A. building a green house
B. keeping simple thoughts
C. protecting the environment
30. The writer’s opinion is that _______.
A. people should be against building eco-friendly villages
B. Bed ZED is a good example in protecting the environment
C. the idea of thinking green is hard to work on
四、填空
A.根据句意、首字母或汉语意思完成单词。
31. You should be s_________ about your work.
32. Does smoking c________ cancer?
33. The policeman tried to ________(分开)the two men who were fighting.
34. You should spend your time _________(明智地).
35. I want to buy a ________(用过的，二手的)car at a cheap price.
B.用所给词的适当形式填空。
36. What is the ________(different) between this book and that book?
37. Her eyes were ________(fill) with tears.
38.________(million) of people visit the Great Wall every year.
39. He always does his homework so ________(careless).
40. We should try to ________(recycling)all our waste paper.
五、句型转换
41. We will plant apple trees tomorrow. (改为被动语态)
Apple trees ________ ________ _________(by us)tomorrow.
42. The meeting will be held tomorrow. (改为否定句)
The meeting ________ ________ ________tomorrow.
43. These trees are going to be cut down. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—Are these trees________ _________be cut down?
—Yes, they________.
44. The new film will be shown next Thursday. (就画线部分提问)
When ______ the new film______ _______?
45. Will the work be finished in two hours? (改为肯定句)
The work ________ _________ _________ in two hours.
六、根据汉语意思完成句子
46. 王先生是一个严肃的人。
Mr Wang is a ________ man.
47. 请每天节约用水。
Please _______ water every day.
48. 请把收音机关上/打开。
Please ________ ________the radio.
49. 公园里有很多人，一些人在散步，一些人在谈话，还有一些人在阅读。
There are many people in the park. _______are walking, ______are talking, ________ _______are reading.
50. 我爸爸想给我买一辆自行车以便我能够快一点到学校。
My father wants to buy me a bicycle________ _______I can get to school quickly.
七、书面表达
假定你叫张华，最近从报纸上得知美国某公司将在你的家乡建一座工厂，请给该公司写一封电子邮件。要点如下：
●表示欢迎：有利于家乡发展等；
●感到担忧：造成环境污染等；
●希望了解有关环保措施及更多信息。
注意：1.词数80~100；
2.请不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥以使行文连贯；
3.邮件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：污染pollute (vt.)
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am a middle school student.___________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Zhang Hua
参考答案及解析
一、
1. D 结合选项可推知句意为：在我们学校女学生不被允许留长发。be not allowed to do sth.意为“不被允许做某事”。
2. A 由句意“我现在必须离开以便能赶上早班车”可知需用so that（以便；为了）表示目的。
3.A be filled with“被……装满”；be used for“被用于”；be aimed at“目的在于……”。句意为“这个箱子装满了书”。故选A。
4.C each“每个，各个”，either“两者中的任何一个”，它们作主语时谓语动词用单数；both“两者都”，all“三者或三者以上都”，它们作主语时谓语动词用复数。由问句中的对象Lucy和Tom是两者且谓语动词are为复数可知需用both；答语句意为“是的，我们两个将要去老年公寓”。
5.A (a) few修饰可数名词复数，(a) little修饰不可数名词；句中people为集合名词，应用(a) few修饰，故排除C、D项；由前半句“这个穿蓝色衣服的男人是这儿新来的”可知：这儿很少有人认识他。few表否定意义，a few表肯定意义。故选A。
6. A soon与一般将来时连用；又由句意“我的作业不久就会被完成”可知需用一般将来时的被动语态。故答案为A。
7.B 根据句意“当你离开房间时要记得关灯”可知选turn off（关闭）。
8.C It’s time for sb. to do sth.“到某人做某事的时候了”，为固定句式。
9.C be separated into“被分成……”。
10.B with在此为介词，意为“具有；带有”。
二、
11.D 本句主语 为my mother,是第三人称单数形式。with不表示并列关系，故her friends不应视为主语。
12.D be going to表示“打算”，故此处应是一个表将来的时间状语。
13.B by plane为固定词组，意为“乘飞机”。
14.C do some sightseeing为固定词组，意为“观光”。
15.B 主语为第三人称单数形式，故用has表示“有”。
16.C bring表示“带来”。
17.B be good at意为“在……擅长”。
18.C 主语为I，故后面的谓语动词用原形。
19.B look forward to意为“期盼”，其中to是介词，后接动词时要用动名词形式。
20.A enjoy意为“喜欢；享受”，符合句意。
三、
21.C 三则广告的内容都是介绍旅游胜地。
22.D 由第二段的第一句和第二句可知。
23.B 由第二段的最后一句可知。
24.D 由第三段的第二句可知。
25.B 由第三段的倒数第二句可知。
26.C 由第二段的第二句“They recycle their paper, plastic, glass and other daily things.”可知，Bed ZED生态村的人们回收利用纸、塑料和玻璃。
27.C 由第二段中的“The rainwater is collected for use in the toilets.”可知，在Bed ZED生态村，用来冲马桶的水可能来自收集的雨水。
28.A 由第二段的最后一句“Also, the people there travel to work in shared cars or use public transportation if they work far away.”可知，在Bed ZED生态村，如果人们距离工作的地方很远，他们通常共用汽车或者乘坐公共交通工具。故选A。
29.C 下文讲述人们为保护环境所做的事，由此推知thinking green的意思与protecting the environment相同。
30.B 由第三段中的“Life would be much more pleasant if villages like Bed ZED existed （存在） all over the world!”可以看出作者的观点：Bed ZED生态村在保护环境方面是一个好的例子。
四、
31. serious 32. cause 33. separate 34. wisely 35. used
36. difference 37. filled 38. Millions 39. carelessly 40. recycle
五、
41. will be planted 42. won’t be held 43. going to, are
44. will, be shown 45. will be finished
六、
46. serious 47. save 48. turn off / on 49. Some, some, and others
50. so that
七、
One possible version:
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am a middle school student. I have recently learned from the newspaper that you are going to build a factory here in my hometown. There is no doubt that it is good for the development of my hometown and it will provide us with more jobs. Most of us stand by the project. However, some of us are worried that the factory will make much noise and pollute the environment of the area. I would like to know whether you have any plans for the environment protection. Would you please offer us more information about it?
I’m looking forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Zhang Hua