初中英语语法被动语态语法知识点讲解

初中英语语法被动语态语法知识点讲解
一、主动语态与被动语态的概念：
英语动词的语态有两种：1).主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者
2).被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用)
例：They speak English. （主动语态）
主 谓 宾
English is spoken by them. （被动语态）
主 谓 介词短语
注：☆及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。
例：(1)We listen to the teacher carefully in class.
→The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class.
(2)We laughed at him .
→He was laughed at by us.
二、被动语态的结构与用法：
1.结构：be +done (过去分词)
被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am, is, are也可能是was ,were或原形be。
注：☆被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。
2.用法：
例: ①History is made by the people. (一般现在时)
②The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. (一般过去时)
③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时)
三、主动语态改被动语态的方法：
方法分为三步：①把原句中的宾语改成主语；
②动词改为被动形式be done(同时注意时态)；
③原来的主语如果需要的话放在介词by后面，以指明做事的人或物，如果没有必要则省去。
例：The man killed a tiger.
→ A tiger was killed by the man .(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面)
四、特殊句型的被动语态：
(1)含有使役动词（make /let /have）或感官动词（hear ,see, listen to, look at, find, watch, feel等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to，也可不带to，但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。
例：①Mother often makes me do some housework.
→I am often made to do some housework by mother.
②We saw him run into the classroom.
→He was seen to run into the classroom by us.
(2)teach, give, pass, show, buy, tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语），改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。
例：①She gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me.
→I was given a pen by her.
→A pen was given to me by her.
②My father bought me a new bike.= My father bought a new bike for me.
→I was bought a new bike by my father.
→A new bike was bought for me by my father.
(3)由不及物动词（vi.）+介词/副词＋宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。(前面已举过两例)
例：①We should speak to old people politely.
→Old people should be spoken to politely ( by us).
②He took away the box.
→The box was taken away by him.
(4)含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变）
例：①We call him Xiao Ma.
主 谓 宾 宾补
→He is called Xiao Ma by us.
②He found the book very interesting.
→The book was found very interesting by him.
五、没有被动语态的动词：
1. 没有被动语态的词， 表示状态或特征的及物动词如 cost, fit, have, suit等没有被动形式，另外，诸如happen = take place, break out(爆发)，break down(坏了)等不及物动词或短语以及诸如result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态。
2.不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear,　die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, come true, fall asleep等。
3.大多数系动词：be，feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste（尝起来）等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。
例：①The skirt feels very soft. 这件裙子摸起来很柔软。
②Many changes have happened in our hometown.
③The film lasted for 3 hours.
被动语态
??? 1. We’re so busy that no one in the office can _____ for any other work.
??? A. spare??????????????? ??????????????? B. be spared
??? C. share??????????????? ??????????????? D. be shared
??? 2. He regards that book _____ one of the worst that he’s _____ read.
??? A. to be, ever??????? ??????????????? B. to be, never
??? C. as, ever?????????? ??????????????? D. as, never
??? 3. “Did you get a job？” “No, I ______, but it’s no use.”
??? A. expected?????????? ??????????????? B. tried to
??? C. managed to???????? ??????????????? D. planned
??? 4. “Do you know that Jack ______ a postman for about six years？” “Yes, I see.”
??? A. has become??????? ??????????????? B. has turned
??? C. has changed?????? ??????????????? D. has been
牋 5. The thing that ______ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.
牋 A. matters牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 B. cares
牋 C. considers牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 D. minds
牋 6. I don抰 want the green coat. It is red and black colours that ______ me very well.
牋 A. suit牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 B. fit
牋 C. suits牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 D. fits
牋 7. 揥ill another fifty be enough？” “Just twenty will ______.”
??? A. work????????? ??????????????? B. do
??? C. suit????????? ??????????????? D. fit
??? 8. Goodbye, Mr Carter — my secretary will _____ you to the door.
??? A. send????????? ??????????????? B. lead
??? C. drive???????? ????牋牋牋牋牋 D. show
牋 9. This kind of cancer can be cured, provided it is ______ early.
牋 A. got牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 B. gained
牋 C. seen牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 D. caught
牋 10. We haven抰 enough books for everyone; some of you will have to _____.
牋 A. help牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 B. enjoy
牋 C. share牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 D. spare
牋 11. He asked her to marry him and she _____ him.
牋 A. answered牋牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋 B. received
牋 C. accepted牋牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 D. agreed
??? 12. My worst fears were _____ when I saw what the exam questions were.
??? A. done?????????????????? ??????????????? B. seen
??? C. finished????????????????????????????? D. realized
??? 13. The plan looks good on paper, but will it _____？
??? A. work????????????????????????????????? B. pass
??? C. agree????????????????? ??????????????? D. does
? 14. What’s the matter with the radio？ Why isn’t it _____？
??? A. broadcasting?????????? ??????????????? B. working
??? C. doing????????????????? ???????????牋牋 D. sounding
牋 15. High unemployment _____ the government billions of pounds in lost taxes.
牋 A. spends牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 B. takes
牋 C. uses牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋 D. costs
牋 16. It抯 hard to rescue drowning people because they _____ so much.
牋 A. sink牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 B. swim
牋 C. jump牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 D. struggle
牋 17. She went to the station to meet her husband, but _____ him in the crowd.
牋 A. passed牋牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 B. recognized
牋 C. missed牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 D. lost
牋 18. I missed what was happening because I wasn抰 ______ very closely.
牋 A. noticing牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 B. running
牋 C. watching牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 D. glancing
牋 19. If you lend me a pound, it will _____ me having to go to the bank.
牋 A. save牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋 B. share
牋 C. serve牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 D. help
牋 20. Don抰 _______ your breath trying to persuade them; they抣l never listen.
牋 A. use牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋 B. waste
牋 C. spend牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 D. put
牋 21. He has spent little time on his lessons this term, so he _____ to fail the exam.
牋 A. expects牋牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋 B. hopes
牋 C. wishes牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 D. requires
牋 22. He will never ______ anything if he doesn抰 work hard.
牋 A. hope牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 B. wish
牋 C. achieve牋牋牋牋牋牋 牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 D. succeed
牋 23. The president _____ a cool reception when he visited London.
牋 A. gave牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 B. was given
牋 C. had given牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 D. had been given
牋 24. A red sky in the morning _____ to be a sign of bad weather.
牋 A. says牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 B. is saying
牋 C. has said牋牋牋牋牋牋牋 D. is said
牋 25 If you go there alone after dark you might get _____.
牋 A. attacked and robbed牋牋 B. attacking and robbing
牋 B. to attack and rob牋牋牋 D. to be attacked and robbed
牋 26. What I wanted to know was when and where the meeting ______.
??? A. was holding?????????? B. had held
??? C. was to hold?????????? D. was to be held
??? 27. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.
??? A. develop????????????????? B. are being developed
??? C. are developing?????????? D. have developed
??? 28. I’ll come after the meeting if time ______.
??? A. permits????????????????? B. is permitting
??? C. is permitted???????????? D. has permitted
??? 29. The students _____ ￡50 a year to cover the cost of books and stationery.
??? A. give????????????????????? B. are given
??? C. have given??????????????? D. to give
??? 30. With the development of science, more new technology _______ to the fields of IT.
??? A. has introduced?????? B. is being introduced
??? C. is introduced??????? D. was introduced
??? 31.“How about the dishes, Dear？” “The beef didn’t taste very good. It ______ too long.”
??? A. cooked?????????????? B. had been cooked
??? C. was cooked?????????? D. had cooked
??? 32. He kept a little notebook, in which ______ the names and addresses of his friends.
??? A. wrote　????????????? B. was writing
??? C. was written????????? D. were written
33. “Look！ Everything here is under construction.” “What is the small building that ______for？”
??? A. is being building??? B. has been built
??? C. is built???????????? D. is being built
??? 34. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.
??? A. lose??????????????? B. will be lost
??? C. are lost??????????? D. will lose
??? 35. A red sky in the morning ______ to be a sign of bad weather.
??? A. says??????????????? B. is saying
??? C. has said??????????? D. is said
??? 36. New medicines and instruments ______ every day to extend life.
??? A. develop???????????? B. are being developed
??? C. are developing????? D. have developed
???
??◆?答案解析??◆?
1. 选B，spare 在表示“腾出或省去（多余的人或物）”。
2. 选C，regard … as …的意思“把……当作……”，其中的介词 as 不能换成 to be.
3. 选B.I tried to 为 I tried to get a job 之省略。
4. 选D.因为A、B、C均为终止性动词，均不能连用 for about six years 这样的一段时间。
5. 选A.matter 在此的意思是“要紧”、“关系重大”。
6. 选A.填空句为强调句，强调主语 red and black colours，故其后的谓语要用复数，即排除C和D.另外，fit 与suit区别是：fit 表示“适合”或“合身”等（及物或不及物），主要是指尺寸、大小、形状等方面的适合，而 suit 表示“适合”，主要指款式或花色等方面的适合。
7. 选B.do 在此表示“够”、“足够”、“适合”、“行”、“可以”等义。又如：
This will never do！ 这事永远不可以。
I’m hungry. Get me something to eat. Anything will do. 我饿了，给我弄点吃的东西，什么都行。
8. 选D.show sb to the door 意为“送某人到门口”。注意，其中的介词 to 不可省略，否则就成了 show sb the door（驱赶某人，下逐客令）。另外，也不要按汉语意思选A，因为send 通常表示派人送，而不表示亲自送。
9. 选D，catch 在此表示“发现”，句中的 provided 用作连词，意为“如果”。
10. 选C.既然书不够，不能每人一本，所以有些人只能share（分享）了。
11. 选C.accept 意为“同意”、“接受”，注意不能选D，因为 agree 后不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语。
12. 选D.realize 在此的意思不是“实现”，而是指“使（不安、恐惧等）成为事实”。
13. 选A，work 在此的意思是“起作用”、“奏效”。
14. 选B.work 在此的意思是“运作”、“运转”。
15. 选D.spend 和 cost 均可表示“花费”，但句型不同：spend + 时间或金钱 + on sth （in doing sth），cost + 某人或某机构 + 金钱或时间。
16. 选D.由句意和常识推知。
17. 选C.miss 指“错过”。
18. 选C，由句子的语境可推知。
19. 选A，save 指“省去（劳力等）”。
20. 选B.
21. 选A，expects 在此不是表示“期待”，而是表示“预料”。
22. 选C，achieve 意为“完成”、“做到”。其余三项均不能直接跟名词或代词作宾语。
23. 选B.一方面语意要求要被动语态，另一方面从句时态暗示主句应用一般过去时。
24. 选D.此句也可说成 It is said that a red sky in the morning is a sign of bad weather.
25. 选A，“get + 过去分词”表被动。
26. 选D，从逻辑上说，“会议”应是被开，故用被动式。
27. 选B.从语境上看，develop 不仅要用被动语态，而且要用进行时态。
28. 选A，该用法中的 permit 为不及物动词，不用被动语态。其中if time permits 也可换成 time permitting.
29. 选B.谓语为 give sb sth 结构的被动语态形式。
30. 选B.技术应该是“被”引进，故用被动语态；根据语境句子应用现在进行时。
31. 选B.从句意上看，“牛肉”应该是“被”煮，故句子要用被动语态；从时间上看，由于句中有 didn’t taste very good，所以“煮得太久”应该在这一过去时间之前，故用过去完成时。
32. 选D.in which were written the names and addresses…为倒装句式，其正常表达为 the names and addresses of his friends were written in the notebook.
33. 选D.因为 building 应该是“被建”，故用被动语态；再根据前文的 look, under construction 等信息词可知，此处应用现在进行时态。
34. 选B.jobs与lose应为被动关系，故用被动语态；再根据条件状语从句中的一般现在时可知主句以用一般将来时为宜。
35. 选D.因为主语 a red sky 与谓语动词say之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。
36. 选B.因为“新的药物和器械”与“开发”之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。