(共29张PPT)
Module
2
Developing
and
Developed
Countries
Introduction
&
Reading
and
Vocabulary（Ⅰ）
1.
To
learn
some
new
words
and
practice
reading
skills.
2.
To
learn
The
Human
Development
Report.
3.
To
learn
about
the
main
problems
in
developing
countries
and
try
to
help
those
in
poverty.
Learning
aims
What
are
the
differences
between
developed
and
developing
countries?
Leading-in
beautiful
clean
rich
A
developed
country
自2001年起挪威已连续六年被联合国评为最适宜居住的国家，并于2009-2013年连续获得全球人类发展指数第一的排名。
一名挪威孩子在绘制环保花盆
Norway
Developing
countries
People
have
low
_______.
Most
of
them
live
in_______.
income
poverty
收入低
生活在贫困中
Many
students
can
not
afford
to
go
to
school.
They
don’t
have
a
good
chance
to
receive
___________.
education
接受教育
Many
people
suffer
from_______.
hunger
遭受饥饿；挨饿
Many
people
suffer
from
_______________.
Many
of
them
can’t
be
cured.
disease/illness
遭受疾病
Read
and
match
the
main
idea
of
each
paragraph.
Fast-reading
阅读技巧点拨：
The
topic
sentence
is
usually
the
first
or
the
last
sentence
of
the
paragraph.
The
Human
Development
Report
Para.1
Para.2
Para.3
Para.4
Para.5
A.
Give
examples
of
successful
development.
B.
Tell
people
the
most
important
development
goals.
C.
We
should
make
greater
efforts.
D.
The
Human
Development
Report
came
from
the
agreement.
E.
Introduce
the
Human
Development
Index.
Detailed
reading:
Read
the
text
carefully
and
decide
whether
the
following
statements
are
true
or
false.
1.
In
2000,
147
world
leaders
agreed
to
work
together
to
reduce
poverty
after
2015.
2.
Life
expectancy
means
that
how
long
people
usually
live
in
the
world.
F
T
3.
Every
day,
nearly
400
million
people
in
South
Asia
or
Africa
are
hungry.
4.
The
Human
Development
Report
came
from
the
Index.
5.
The
top
five
countries
on
the
list
are
all
from
Europe
while
the
bottom
ten
countries
are
all
African
countries.
T
F
F
1.What
did
world
leaders
agree
to
do
in
2000?
They
agreed
to
reduce
poverty
by
2015
or
earlier.
2.What
does
the
Human
Development
Index
measure?
It
measures
a
country’s
achievements
in
three
ways:
life
expectancy,
education
and
income.
3.What
are
the
first
two
Development
Goals?
To
reduce
poverty
and
hunger,
and
ensure
all
children
are
educated
up
to
the
age
of
11.
4.
What
do
developed
countries
need
to
do
?
They
need
to
give
more
help.
Questions
In
the
year
2000,
147
world
leaders
agreed
to
work
together
to
_______
poverty
by
2015
or
earlier.
From
this
agreement
came
the
_______
___________
_______.
The
Index
measures
a
country’s
___________
in
three
ways:
life
___________,
_________
and
________.
The
bottom
ten
countries
are
all
______
countries,
with
Sierra
Leone
(in
West
Africa)
at
the
bottom
of
the
list.
reduce
Human
Development
Report
achievements
expectancy
education
income
African
Listen
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
One
of
the
most
important
goals
is
to
_______
poverty
and
hunger.
The
report
shows
that
we
are
making
some
_______
but
that
we
need
to
_____greater______.
Although
developed
countries
give
some
________
help,
they
need
to
give
much
more.
financial
efforts
make
progress
make
efforts
作出努力
make
progress
取得进步
reduce
What
are
the
differences
between
developed
and
developing
countries?
Income:
(
larger
/
smaller)
Industry
and
commerce:
(flourishing
/
laggard)
Education:
(good
/
little)
Life
expectancy:
(live
long/short)
Environment:
(
good/bad
(terrible)
)
Discussion
education,
poverty,
hunger,
disease,
pollution,
fresh
water,
population.
The
main
problems
in
developing
countries:
?Hunger
?Poverty
?Education
?Pollution
?……
Save
water
Improve
income
Encourage
developed
countries
to
give
more
help
to
the
developing
countries
1)
The
government
should
encourage
people
to
improve
the
present
condition
to
reduce
poverty
and
hunger;
2)
Don’t
waste
land
and
save
food;
3)
Protect
animals;
4)
Improve
the
environment.
……
More
measures
Could
you
give
me
a
hand?
—SOS
from
Africa
Come
on!
Help
them!
The
world
is
a
big
family
and
we
are
the
members
of
it,
so
we
should
love
each
other
and
help
each
other.
One
world,
one
dream.
Moral
Education
After
Learning
Homework
1.Go
over
the
text
and
find
the
difficult
language
points.
2.Research
for
solutions
to
help
the
poor
and
improve
their
condition.
Look
before
you
leap.
/First
think,
then
act.
三思而后行。(共37张PPT)
Module
2
Developing
and
Developed
Countries
Listening
&
Speaking
&Writing
1.To
learn
some
new
words;
2.To
improve
our
listening
skills;
3.
To
learn
how
to
make
comparisons;
4.To
improve
our
writing
skills.
Learning
aims
○
○
Beijing
Sydney
What
do
you
know
about
Beijing
and
Sydney?
Leading-in
Sydney
Opera
House
National
Grand
Theatre
Temple
of
Heaven
Bird’s
Nest
The
Great
Wall
The
Palace
Museum
The
Forbidden
City
Check
the
meaning
of
these
words.
construction
crowded
fascinating
freeway
huge
inhabitants
similarity
unfortunate
1.
Which
words
can
be
used
to
describe
a
city?
2.
Which
word
is
connected
with
building?
Crowded,
fascinating,
huge.
Construction.
Vocabulary
&
Listening
3.
Which
word
means
the
opposite
of
difference?
Similarity.
1
4.
Which
word
do
we
use
to
say
that
something
is
sad?
Unfortunate.
5.Which
word
describes
the
people
who
live
in
a
particular
place?
Inhabitants.
6.
Which
word
means
a
wide
road
on
which
cars
can
travel
fast?
Freeway.
Work
in
pairs.
Tick
the
statements
you
think
are
true.
Then
listen
to
the
conversation
to
check
your
guesses.
Have
a
discussion!
1.
Beijing
has
a
lot
more
inhabitants
than
Sydney
and
is
much
more
crowded.
Beijing
doesn’t
have
as
many
freeways
as
Sydney
does.
3.
There
are
fewer
tourists
in
Sydney
than
in
Beijing.
Beijing
is
less
dangerous
than
Sydney.
5.
Beijing
has
less
rain
than
Sydney.
Beijing
doesn’t
have
as
much
pollution
as
Sydney.
7.
There
are
as
many
rich
people
in
Beijing
as
in
Sydney.
8.
Beijing
is
as
lively
as
Sydney.
√
√
√
√
2
climate
industry
location
pollution
population
safety
tourism
transport
wealth
Now
listen
to
the
conversation
and
tick
the
topics
you
hear.
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
Check
the
meaning
of
these
words.
3
L:
Is
this
your
_______
time
in
Beijing,
Richard?
R:
Yes,
it
is.
L:
_______
do
you
find
it?
R:
It’s
______
fascinating.
It’s
so
different
from
Sydney,
_______
I
live.
L:
Now
I’m
fascinated.
Tell
me
about
the
__________,
as
you
see
them.
R:
Well,
Sydney’s
a
________
city
than
Beijing.
Beijing
has
a
lot
more
inhabitants
and
is
much
more
________.
first
How
totally
where
differences
younger
crowded
Listen
again
and
fill
in
the
blanks.
L:
Yes,
we
certainly
have
a
_______
population,
like
most
Chinese
cities.
R:
It’s
very
__________,
as
a
result.
And
there’s
so
much
construction
__________.
L:
I
know,
we’re
growing
very
fast.
For
example,
I
don’t
think
we
have
as
many
__________
as
Sydney
does,
but
we
soon
will.
R:
I
believe
you!
I
think
there
are
fewer
________
in
Beijing
—at
least
for
now.
And
I
get
the
feeling
that
Beijing’s
less
__________.
huge
exciting
going
on
freeways
tourists
dangerous
L:
Yes,
there’s
probably
a
lot
less
_______
here.
R:
What
about
the
_______?
I
think
Sydney
has
less
rain.
L:
Yes,
we
can
get
a
lot
of
rain
_________________.
R:
I’ve
noticed!
It’s
________
at
the
moment!
L:
The
good
thing
about
the
rain,
of
course,
is
that
it
washes
the
________
away.
R:
I’ve
noticed
that,
too.
We
don’t
have
as
much
pollution
as
you
do.
L:
That’s
because
you
have
less
________.
The
air
climate
in
July
and
August
pouring
pollution
industry
crime
can
get
quite
polluted
here
…
Ok,
so
that
covers
a
lot
of
the
differences.
But
are
there
any
__________?
R:
Oh
yes
…
for
example,
I
notice
the
______
and
the
energy.
L:
Sorry,
I
didn’t
get
that.
R:
The
wealth
and
energy.
I
think
there
are
as
many
rich
people
here
as
in
Sydney
…
and
I
think
your
city
is
just
as
______
as
mine.
L:
That’s
good
to
hear.
So
shall
we
go
out
this
evening
and
find
some
of
the
_______?
wealth
lively
action
similarities
Speaking
Some
important
words
that
you
may
use.
1.
poverty
Extreme
poverty
has
reduced
them
to
a
state
of
apathy.
极端的贫困使他们万念俱灰。
2.
hunger
Hunger
goaded
the
boy
into
stealing
the
apple.
饥饿驱使那个男孩去偷苹果。
3.
disease
Disease
and
hunger
took
a
heavy
toll.
疾病和饥饿使他们许多人丧失了生命。
Crowded
conditions
favour
the
spread
of
disease.
拥挤的条件便于疾病传播。
Discussion
When
we
know
the
situation
of
developing
countries,
what
should
we
do?
Make
a
dialogue
with
your
deskmate.
You
can
begin
like
this:
A:
Do
you
want
to
give
some
money
to
the
charity?
B:
Perhaps,
it
depends.
A:
Why?
B:
If
I
have
enough
money,
I
will
offer
a
lot
of
money,
but
if
I
haven’t,
I
won’t.
A:
In
my
opinion,
you
can
at
least
spare
a
little
money
to
help.
B:
Maybe.
But
would
you
give
me
more
information
on
the
situation
there?
Function
Look
at
the
following
sentences
and
pay
attention
to
the
red
words.
1.
Beijing
has
a
lot
more
inhabitants
(than
Sydney)
and
is
much
more
crowded.
2.
I
don’t
think
we
have
as
many
freeways
as
(Sydney
does).
3.
There
are
fewer
tourists
in
Beijing
(than
in
Sydney).
4.
(Beijing)
is
less
dangerous
(than
Sydney).
5.
I
think
Sydney
has
less
rain
(than
Beijing).
6.
(Sydney
doesn’t)
have
as
much
pollution
as
(Beijing).
much,
many,
fewer,
less
1.many/much
都意为“许多”，
many
修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。
Many
of
the
workers
were
at
the
meeting.
Much
of
the
time
was
spent
on
learning.
2.
fewer
/
less
相同点:
这两个词都是比较级,均可表示“较少的”。
不同点:
(1)
fewer是few的比较级,只能修饰可数名词复数。
(2)
less是little的比较级,只能修饰不可数名词。
There
are
__________
poor
countries
in
Europe
than
in
Africa.
There
are
not
as
__________
rich
countries
in
Africa
as
in
Europe.
There
is
not
as
__________
transportation
in
my
hometown
as
in
Shanghai.
There
is
__________
transportation
in
my
hometown
than
in
Shanghai.
I
don’t
think
there
are
as
__________
students
in
this
university
as
in
that
one.
fewer
many
much
less
many
Use
the
words
we
learnt
just
now
to
fill
the
blanks.
Vocabulary&Speaking
positive
features
attractive
busy
dangerous
dirty
industrial
lively
modern
noisy
peaceful
polluted
poor
smart
vast
wealthy
attractive,
industrial，lively,
modern,
peaceful,
smart,
vast,
wealthy
Check
the
meaning
of
these
words.
Which
ones
describe
positive
features
of
a
city?
New
York
Hong
Kong
Beijing
Lhasa
your
town
Which
words
can
you
use
to
describe
these
places?
Writing
You
are
going
to
write
a
description
comparing
two
places
you
know
well.
Follow
these
steps.
1.
Think
of
two
regions,
cities,
towns
or
villages
you
know
well.
One
of
them
could
be
your
hometown.
2.
Write
notes
about
some
of
these
features:
population
climate
industry
location
tourism
transport
3.
Use
the
link
words
in
Grammar,
and
the
ways
of
making
comparisons
in
Function
to
write
a
passage.
4.
Write
a
sentence
to
finish
your
description
and
give
your
opinion
about
the
two
places.
如何写对比类文章
对比类文章实际上是让学生对对比的地点、事物等进行描写、说明。写对比性的文章把两个事物描述清楚即可，但是需要注意描写的顺序。一般来说有两种顺序：第一种是分开描述两个事物，把其中一个写完之后，再写另一个；第二种是同时描述两个事物，就某一方面进行对比。在事物的对比中，通常用到下列过渡词：in
the
same
way，similarly，likewise，on
the
contrary，by
contrast，however，equal
to，on
the
other
hand，while，whereas，though，although等。
对比类写作的常用类型：
(1)今昔对比：文章通常用一般现在时和一般过去时。
写作格式：主题句——对过去情况的描述——对现在情况的描述——总结句。
(2)正反观点对比：文章通常采用同一种时态。
写作格式：提出问题——介绍两种不同的观点——对两种不同观点的论据逐项进行对比——结尾加上自己的观点并阐明理由。
(3)数据分析对比：文章通常用一般现在时和一般过去时。
写作格式：提出所要说明的现象——数据对比——得出结论。
【常用句型】
1．as
far
as...
is
concerned...
/when
it
comes
to
the
choice
between...
and...
/whether
to...
or...
is
a
problem
we
should
give
more
thought
to.
2．Some
people
maintain
that...
while
others
have
opposing
opinions.
3．While
some
people
argue
for...,
other
people
argue
against...
4．Some
people
believe
it's
beneficial
to...,
while
others
think
more
disadvantages
arise
from...
5．In
the
eyes
of
the
first
group
of
people...
as
to
the
second
group
of
people...
6．In
comparison...
/by
contrast
7．On
(the)
one
hand
...
，On
the
other
hand，...
8．As
far
as
I
am
concerned，I
prefer
to...
9．We
can
draw
a
conclusion
that...
Shanghai
Beijing
population
climate
industry
location
tourism
transport
Complete
the
chart
with
all
information
you
have,
then
make
a
comparison
of
them.
Class
exercises
Homework
Get
the
information
about
Beijing
and
Shanghai
and
write
a
description.
More
haste,
less
speed.
欲速则不达。(共33张PPT)
Module
2
Developing
and
Developed
Countries
Reading
and
Vocabulary(Ⅱ)
1.
To
go
over
what
we
have
learned
last
class.
2.
To
master
the
important
language
points
in
the
text.
Learning
aims
1.
The
cloth
m_______
easily
if
it
is
spread
on
a
table.
2.
After
the
flood,
thousands
of
people
were
going
h______
for
lack
of
food.
3.
The
family
lived
on
a
small
i______.
4.
Though
he
is
a
man
of
great
wealth,
he
lives
in
p______
of
happiness.
5.
The
public
should
be
e________
in
how
to
use
energy
more
effectively.
6.
They
had
to
stand
for
hours
without
changing
p______.
easures
ungry
ncome
overty
ducated
osition
Leading-in
1.?hunger
n.
&
v.饥饿，渴望
Thousands
of
people
in
Africa
are
dying
from
hunger
every
day.
非洲每天都有成千上万的人死于饥饿。
All
actors
hunger
for
such
a
role.
所有的演员都渴望有这样的角色。
Language
points
【拓展】
hungry
adj.
饥饿的
be
hungry
for
sth.
渴望得到某物
hungrily
adv.
饥饿地，渴望地
I
am
hungry
now;
I
want
to
eat
a
mooncake.
我现在饿了，想吃一个月饼。
Young
people
are
hungry
for
adventure
and
excitement.
年轻人渴望冒险与刺激。
【即学即练】用hunger的适当形式完成句子。
1.
The
boy
is
very
_______
and
he
is
_______
for
a
delicious
hamburger.
2.Mr?Webster?gives?me?some?bread?and?some?meat?and?
I?begin?to?eat?________.
3.She
has
a
hunger
for
knowledge.（翻译）
_________________________________________
hungry
hungry
hungrily
她渴求知识。
2.
income
n.
收入；所得
What
is
your
income
from
your
job?
你的工作收入是多少？
be
on
a
high/low
income
高/低收入
income
tax
个人所得税
【辨析】income,
pay,
wage
（1）income是收入、收益、所得的总称。
（2）pay指薪水、工资，是最普通的用语。一般特指
军人、政府工作人员的薪水。
（3）wage工资。指劳动者的工资，或工人的工资，通常指给予短期工作者的报酬。
【拓展】当询问
population,
price
,speed,
depth,
width,
height,
temperature,
income的数量时，只用what提问，不用how
many
或者how
much。
德国有多少人？
What’s
the
population
of
Germany?
【即学即练】
___________________________
你父亲的收入是多少？
What
is
your
father’s
income?
3.
poverty
n.
贫穷
Africa
is
so
poor,
so
the
leaders
from
developed
countries
should
help
to
reduce
poverty.
非洲如此贫穷，因此发达国家的领导应帮助减少贫穷。
【拓展】
poor
adj.贫穷的；缺乏的；可怜的
The
rich
ought
to
help
the
poor.富人应该帮助穷人。
live
in
poverty
生活在贫困中
【即学即练】
The
______woman
lives
in
________.
这个可怜的妇女生活在贫穷中。
poor
poverty
4.
development
n.发展
What
are
your
plans
for
the
development
of
your
company?
你打算怎样来发展壮大自己的公司？
【拓展】
develop
vt.
＆
vi.
发展
a
developing/developed
country一个发展中/发达国家
an
undeveloped
country
一个欠发达国家
The
huge
increase
in
oil
prices
in
the
1970s
had
great
influences
on
the
____________of
many
____________
and
____________
countries,
still
less(何况)
the
____________
countries.
20世纪70年代石油价格猛涨，曾对许多发达国家和发展中国家的发展产生很大的影响，更不用说欠发达国家了。
【即学即练】语境填词。
development
developed
developing
undeveloped
5.
measure
v.
测量，衡量
n.
【C】
措施
The
Index
measures
a
country’s
achievements
in
three
ways.
这项指标从三个方面衡量一个国家的成就。
【拓展】
measure
sth.
by
sth.
用……衡量……
take
measures
to
do
sth.
采取措施做某事
We
must
take
effective
measures
to
improve
our
work.
我们必须采取有效措施来改进我们的工作。
【即学即练】完成句子。
1.
The
official
agreed
to
________________help
the
unemployed.官方同意采取措施来帮助失业者。
2.
Education
shouldn’t
______________only
by
the
examination
results.
教育不应仅仅用考试结果来衡量。
take
measures
to
be
measured
6.
position
n.位置;处境，状况;
地位，身份，职位
The
UK
is
in
the
thirteenth
position,
while
China
is
in
the
middle
of
the
list.
英国位居第十三位，而中国处于中等地位。
The
machine
can
figure
out
the
position
of
the
sun
in
the
sky.这个机器能测出太阳在天空中的位置。
The
position
of
women
in
the
society
today
is
much
higher.如今妇女在社会上的地位高多了。
【即学即练】
He
wanted
to
find
a
position
_______he
could
get
a
good
view
of
the
mountains.
（单句语法填空）
【解题关键】句意：他想找到一个位置来好好观赏这些山脉。考查position（位置）为先行词的定语从句，指地点，后面的定语从句用where来引导。
where
agree
with
同意……的意见/观点；与……一致;
气候、事物、口味适合某人
agree
to
同意……计划/安排
agree
on
就……达成一致意见
7.
agree
to
do
sth.
同意做某事
147
world
leaders
agreed
to
work
together
to
reduce
poverty
by
2015
or
earlier.
147个世界领导人同意一起致力于在2015年或2015年之前减少贫困。
【拓展】
He
agrees
to
help
other
students
with
their
homework
.他答应帮助其他学生完成他们的作业。
(2020?全国Ⅲ卷)It's
hard
to
tell
exactly
how
many
people
agree
with
him,
but
research
indicates
that
the
numbers
have
been
rising
for
some
time.很难确切说出有多少人同意他的观点，但研究表明，这一数字一段时间以来一直在上升。
(2017·北京高考)
After
a
heated
discussion,we
agreed
on
making
a
video
to
record
our
experiences
at
school.
经过激烈的讨论，我们一致同意录像来记录下我们在学校的经历。
8.
From
this
agreement
came
the
Human
Development
Report.
由这份协议诞生了《人类发展报告》。
本句是一个倒装句，表地点的介词短语放在句首，句子完全倒装。
完全倒装：将谓语全部置于主语之前
From
the
window
came
the
sound
of
music.
从窗户里传来了音乐声。
部分倒装：将部分谓语(情态动词、助动词等)放在主语前面，谓语动词仍位于主语之后。
Never
have
I
been
here
before.
我以前从来没有来过这里。
【拓展】
(1)表示地点的介词短语放于句首，且主语为名词时,
全部倒装。
At
the
foot
of
the
hill
lies
a
temple.
Under
the
table
came
a
frightening
sound.
(2)
当句首为here,
there;
in,
out;
up,
down;
now,
then;
off,
away
等副词,
且主语为名词时,
全部倒装。
Out
rushed
the
children.孩子们冲了出去。
Here
comes
the
bus.公共汽车来了。
当主语是代词时无需倒装。
Here
he
comes.他来了。
9.
Norway
is
at
the
top
of
the
list,
while
the
US
is
at
number
7.
挪威高居榜首，而美国则排在第七位。
while
conj.
然而，具有轻微的转折和对比的含义，这时，while
要放在句中。
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough.
有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)While
high
school
does
not
generally
encourage
students
to
explore
new
aspects
of
life,college
sets
the
stage
for
that
exploration.
翻译：______________________________________
______________________________________
【即学即练】
虽然高中通常不会鼓励学生去探索生活中的
新事物,但是大学却为探索创造了条件。
10.
Make
sure
that
all
children
have
education
up
to
the
age
of
11.
确保所有儿童11岁之前都能接受教育。
(1)
make
sure
确保
【拓展】
be
sure
of
/about
对……有把握，确信……
be
sure
that…
对……有把握，确信……
be
sure
to
do
sth
.
确定做某事，务必做某事
(2)
up
to
(数量或水平)可达，达到……
Children
are
forced
to
work
up
to
19
hours
a
day
in
the
factories.
在工厂里，孩子们一天被迫工作19个小时。
【拓展】
up
to
now
到目前为止
It’s
up
to
sb.
to
do
sth.
轮到某人做某事；取决于某人
1.
Every
day
_________________fresh
vegetables
and
high
quality
oil
are
used
for
cooking.
他每天都确保用新鲜的蔬菜和高质量的油来做饭。
2.
__________,
he’s
been
very
quiet.
到目前为止，他一直很安静。
【即学即练】
he
makes
sure
that
Up
to
now
11.
fight
v.
作战,
打仗,
打架,
斗争
We
should
take
measures
to
fight
AIDS
and
other
diseases.我们应该采取措施对抗艾滋病和其他疾病。
【拓展】
fight
+
n./pron.与……作斗争
fight
against反对
fight
with与……并肩作战
fight
for
为……而斗争
1.
He
_________
cancer
and
lived
to
be
80.
2.
They
are
_______________the
enemy.
3.
In
such
terrible
situation,
who
would
like
to
__________us？
4.
They
are
___________freedom.
【即学即练】
选择fight
with、fight、fight
against、fight
for的适当形式填空。
fought
fighting
against
fight
with
fighting
for
12.
For
example,
in
nine
years
(1953－1962),
China
increased
life
expectancy
by
13
years.
例如，在九年之内(1953－1962),
中国的人均寿命增长了13岁。
by
表示增加或减少的数量
【拓展】to
表示增加或减少到的数量
The
boss
reduced
their
salaries
to
1,500
yuan.
老板把他们的工资减少到1
500元。
【即学即练】
My
salary
has
grown
from
2,200
yuan
___4,400
yuan
this
year.
This
means
it
has
risen
___
100
percent.
我的工资今年从2
200元升到4
400元。这意味着工资提升了100%。
to
by
语法填空：1.
After
climbing
up
the
top
of
the
mountain,
the
three
of
them
sat
there,
______(hunger)
and
tired.
2.
—
If
our
parents
would
listen
more
to
us,
they
would
understand
us
better.
—
I
can’t
agree
_______(many).
They
just
expect
us
to
listen.
3.
The
living
room
is
clean
and
tidy,
with
a
dining
table
already
______(lay)
for
a
meal
to
be
cooked.
Class
exercises
hungry
more
laid
4.
—Is
everyone
here?
—Not
yet.
Look
,
there_______(come)
the
rest
of
our
guests!
5.
In
the
middle
of
the
square
______(stand)
a
big
fountain.
6.
______________________I
always
felt
I
would
pass
the
exam,
I
never
thought
I
would
get
an
A.
come
stands
While/Although/Though
Homework
Go
over
what
we
have
learned
in
this
class!
2.
Do
some
reading
about
the
Human
Development
Report.
There
is
no
royal
road
to
learning.
学无坦途。(共27张PPT)
Module
2
Developing
and
Developed
Countries
Grammar
1.
To
learn
to
use
the
link
words:
but
/however;
although
/while.
2.
To
learn
some
sentence
structures.
Learning
aims
Find
these
sentences
with
link
words
and
analyze
the
structures.
The
report
shows
that
we
are
making
progress
but
that
we
need
to
make
greater
efforts.
He
is
thin,
but
he
is
healthy.
In
the
last
ten
years
in
China,
150
million
people
moved
out
of
poverty.
However,
the
challenges
are
still
great.
He
said
that
it
was
so;
he
was
mistaken,
however.
Leading-in
一、but
（但是，然而)
but
作为并列连词，在意义上起转折作用。
but
前后的两个句子或短语在意义上形成鲜明对照。
but
用来连接两个分句或两个较长的短语时，
but
前面一般要加逗号。
1.连接两个并列分句
Honey
is
sweet,
but
the
bee
stings.蜜甜须防蜂蜇。
2.
连接两个并列成分
They
see
the
trees
but
not
the
forest.（连接宾语）
He
no
longer
felt
disappointed,
but
happy
and
hopeful.（连接表语）
3.后接状语
He
tried
to
save
it,
but
in
vain.
4.作介词，意思是“除了”，谓语与前面名词一致。
All
the
people
but
Tom
go
to
the
cinema
every
Sundays.
除Tom之外所有人每周日都去看电影。
(2019?天津高考)I
took
notes
during
the
meeting,_____
I
haven’t
had
a
chance
to
write
them
into
a
report
so
far.?
A.
but
B.
and
C.
so
D.
or
【解题关键】句意:会议期间我做了记录,但到现在我还没机会写成一篇报告。根据句意可知前后之间是转折关系，所以选A。
【高考链接】
2.
(2019?天津高考)
Kate
heard
a
man＇s
voice
in
the
background,
_______
she
couldn't＇t
make
out
what
he
was
saying.?
A.
but
B.
and
C.
so
D.
or
【解题关键】句意：凯特在背景中听到一个男人的声音,但她听不清楚他在说什么。根据句意可知前后之间是转折关系，所以选A。
二、however
however
意为“可是，然而，尽管”，比
but
的意味弱，通常用作连接性状语。其位置可以在句首、句末或插入句中。当其被用来对照两个分句时，中间需要有一个逗号；当它被用作句子的插入语时，则前后应各有一个逗号。
However，we
need
not
do
that
now.
可是，我们现在不需要做那个。
His
friends，however，had
other
ideas.
然而，他的朋友还有其他想法。
【拓展】however
也可用作连词，意为“不论怎样”，引导让步状语从句=no
matter
how。
构成：however+adj./adv.
+主语+谓语
However
tired
you
may
be,
you
must
do
it.
不管你有多累，你非做不可。
I’ll
come,
however
busy
I
am.
我不管怎么忙都会来的。
【辨析】
but
与however
but和however
两者都意为“但是,
然而”，但是两者的用法不同。
(1)
however既可以放在句首也可以放在句中，还可以放在句末，并且一般要有逗号；but常用于句中，后面不加逗号。
(2)
but是并列连词，表示“可是，但是”，连接两个并列分句或者并列成分，意义上构成了对比。however，表示“然而，但是”
的时候是副词，不能直接连接两个分句，必须另起新句，并用逗号隔开。
1.I
really
don’t
like
cheese,
______
I
will
try
just
a
little
this
time.
我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪，但是这次我要尝一点。
2.
It
was
raining
hard.
_________,
we
went
out
to
look
for
the
boy.
雨下得很大。但是，我们出去寻找那个男孩。
but
However
【即学即练】
Activity
1
(1)
Does
however
mean
the
same
as
but?
(2)
Which
link
word
begins
a
sentence?
(3)
Which
link
word
can
join
two
parts
of
a
sentence?
(4)
Which
link
word
is
followed
by
a
comma?
Yes.
However.
But.
However.
In
a
developed
country
In
a
poor
country
people
have
nice
clothes
to
wear.
most
people
have
a
home.
one
can
get
good
medical
care.
people
have
small
families.
but
in
a
poor
country
people
have
few
clothes.
however,
a
much
larger
percentage
of
the
population
is
homeless.
but
there
is
often
no
money
for
medical
care.
however,
the
families
are
larger.
Activity
2
Look
at
the
link
words
although
and
while
in
these
sentences.
We
use
the
words
to
compare
people,
situations
and
things.
Norway
is
at
the
top
of
the
list,
while
the
United
States
is
at
number
7.
The
UK
is
in
the
thirteenth
position,
while
China
is
in
the
middle
of
the
list.
Although
more
than
80%
of
children
in
developing
countries
go
to
primary
school,
about
115
million
children
are
not
being
educated.
Although
developed
countries
give
some
financial
help,
they
need
to
give
much
more.
although
and
while
Activity
3
一、
although
①
表示“虽然，尽管”不与but
连用，但可以和副词
yet，still
连用，表示转折。
例如：
Although
he
is
old,
yet
he
looks
very
young
and
healthy.
②
although
比
though
正式，两者基本上可以通用。但though
引导的从句在句首时，从句可以倒装，而although
不可以。例如：
【即学即练】改错。
1.
Although
he
had
to
write
a
history
paper，but
he
couldn’t
find
time
to
do
it.
（改错）
2.
Child
although
he
is,
he
helped
me
a
lot.
though
/as
二、
while作从属连词，有以下几个意思：
①
在……期间，引导时间状语从句
She
called
me
while
I
was
out.
②并列连词表示前后的对照
“
然而，而”（放在句中）
He
is
diligent
while
his
brother
is
lazy.
③虽然，尽管（放在句首）
While
I
admit
his
good
points,
I
can
still
see
his
shortcomings.
Activity
4
Join
the
sentences
using
the
words
in
brackets.
1.
Developed
countries
are
rich.
They
don’t
give
enough
financial
help
to
developing
countries.
(although)
_____________________________________________
_____________________________________________
Although
developed
countries
are
rich,
they
don’t
give
enough
financial
help
to
developing
countries.
2.
Europe
has
a
lot
of
industry.
Africa
does
not
have
much.
(while）
________________________________________________________________
3.
In
some
parts
of
Europe,
incomes
are
high.
In
other
parts
they
are
much
lower.
(while)
____________________________________________________________________________
Europe
has
a
lot
of
industry,
while
Africa
does
not
have
much.
In
some
parts
of
Europe,
incomes
are
high,
while
in
other
parts
they
are
much
lower.
4.
There
is
poverty
in
this
area.
People
are
happier
than
in
the
city.
(although)
_____________________________________________________________________
5.
Some
children
receive
a
good
education.
Others
never
go
to
school
at
all.
(while)
_________________________________________________________________________
6.
Life
expectancy
is
still
low.
It
has
improved
in
the
last
ten
years.
(although)
_______________________________________________________________________
Although
there
is
poverty
in
this
area,
people
are
happier
than
in
the
city.
Some
children
receive
a
good
education,
while
others
never
go
to
school
at
all.
Although
life
expectancy
is
still
low,
it
has
improved
in
the
last
ten
years.
【即学即练】用although
,
but
与however翻译。
尽管中国是一个发展中国家，但是它为世界经济的发
展作出了巨大贡献。
1.
___________________________________it
makes
great
contributions
to
the
development
of
global
economy.
Although
China
is
a
developing
country,
2.
China
is
a
developing
country,
____________great
contributions
to
the
development
of
global
economy.
3.
China
is
a
developing
country.
________,
it
makes
great
contributions
to
the
development
of
global
economy.
but
it
makes
However
Ⅰ.
用but,
however,
while,
although
填空
1.
I
cannot
speak
Russian
______
my
little
daughter
can.
2.
I
think
there
may,
_________,
be
some
other
reasons
we
don’t
know
about.
3.
My
brother
decided
to
go
to
that
dangerous
place,
_________
I
asked
him
not
to.
4.
The
boy
had
said
he
wouldn’t
do
it
again,
______
he
broke
his
promise.
while
however
although
but
Class
exercises
5.I’d
like
to
help
you，___________,
my
hands
are
full.
6.
—Would
you
like
to
join
in
playing
football?
—I’d
like
to,
___________I
have
so
much
homework
to
do.
7.
Don’t
talk___________
you’re
eating。
8.
___________my
uncle
is
old,
he
looks
very
strong
and
healthy.
however
but
while
Although
Ⅱ.改错
1.
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Suddenly
a
football
fell
just
in
front
of
me
but
almost
hit
me.
and
2.
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)
When
I
studied
at
chemistry
high
school
,
I
reconsidered
my
goal
or
decided
to
be
a
doctor.
and
4.
Whatever
hard
you
try,
it
is
difficult
to
lose
weight
However
without
cutting
down
the
amount
you
eat.
5.
Hot
although
the
night
air
was,
we
slept
deeply
as/though
because
we
were
so
tired
after
the
long
journey.
6.—Are
you
ready
for
Spain？
—Yes,
I
want
the
girls
to
experience
that
until
they
are
while
young.
Homework
Go
over
what
we
have
learned
in
this
class!
It
is
never
too
late
to
mend.
亡羊补牢，为时不晚。(共36张PPT)
Module
2
Developing
and
Developed
Countries
Cultural
Corner
1.
To
learn
more
about
famous
cities.
2.
To
Learn
some
language
points.
3.
To
develop
students’
reading
skills.
Learning
aims
Oxford
Brookes
University
牛津布鲁克斯大学
Oxford
University牛津大学
Leading-in
Grenoble
格雷诺布尔
(法国东南部城市)
Grenoble
University
格雷诺布尔大学
Read
（Paragraph
1）
and
answer：
1.
Which
towns
are
referred
to
in
the
passage?
2.
What
aspects
are
similar
about
the
two
towns?
Town
Twinning
1
.Which
towns
are
referred
to
in
the
passage?
Oxford
in
the
UK
and
Grenoble
in
France.
2.
What
aspects
are
similar
about
the
two
towns?
They
are
both
medium-sized
towns.
They
both
have
universities
and
industries.
Tourism
is
important
to
both
of
them.
They
are
both
close
to
some
of
the
most
beautiful
countryside
in
the
region.
They
have
a
town
twinning
agreement.
Read（Paragraph
2）
and
answer:
What
kind
of
towns
and
cities
can
probably
have
a
town
twinning
agreement?
Towns
and
cities
which
have
similar
size,
age
and
features
such
as
tourism,
industry,
culture
and
entertainment.
Further
reading（Paras.3、4）
What
happens
when
two
towns
have
a
town
twinning
agreement?
People
in
two
towns
can
exchange
for
educational,
cultural
and
sporting
events.
①The
“twinning
towns”
have
much
in
common.
②
Town
twinning
is
a
new
idea,
and
it
has
become
more
popular
in
recent
years.
T
F
T
T
F
③
Town
twinning
agreements
forbid
people
from
the
two
towns
to
visit
each
other.
④
They
will
hold
a
big
party
to
welcome
the
visitors
from
the
other
town.
⑤
Town
twinning
is
especially
good
for
students
to
learn
another
language.
Town
twinning
is
an
__________(agree)
between
two
towns
or
cities
which
have
many
similarities,
such
as
_______
(similarity)size，age,
tourism,
industry,
culture
and_____________(entertain).
Oxford
in
the
UK
and
Grenoble
in
France
are
_____
example.
agreement
similar
entertainment
Fill
in
the
blanks
an
relatives
popular
speaking
People
from
the
two
towns
visit
each
other
like
_________(ralation).
Town
twinning
agreements
are
_________
with
students
and
people
__________
want
to
practise
________(speak)
another
language.
who/that
Discussion
Does
your
hometown
have
a
twin
town?
Do
you
think
it
is
a
good
idea?
Say
why
or
why
not.
Look
at
the
following
pictures
and
make
dialogues
to
talk
about
another
pair
of
town
twinning.
如今，大庆人都知道本市有一条卡尔加里路；大庆路的路牌同样出现在了加拿大卡尔加里市的街道上。18年前在这两条路边栽下的友谊树早已郁郁葱葱，成为两市人民友好情谊的见证。素有“加拿大石油之都”之称的卡尔加里市与大庆市在城市规模、所处纬度、气候条件以及经济地位等方面都极为相似。双方缔结友好城市关系10多年来，大庆市的历届市长、人大主任和卡尔加里市的每任市长、议长都率团访问过对方，双方高层互访达40多次，有效地促进了
各个方面的友好合作。大庆市通过卡尔加里市先后从加拿大引进了价值3
000多万加元的石油专用设备，先后有几十位加拿大专家在油田现场服务。
1989年到1992年卡尔加里市政府通过加拿大国际发展署先后向大庆市东风饮用水处理厂建设和大庆油田地震数据解释项目提供了130万加元的无偿援助。1996年，加拿大皇朝能源有限公司与中国石油天然气总公司签订了开发大庆肇州油田13区块合同，并于1998年正式投产开采。
两市在文化教育、体育、卫生、环保等领域的交往也十分频繁。根据双方签署的协议，卡尔加里市每年选派7名英语教师到大庆市任教，大庆油田参加英语培训的职工达近万人次。
James:
What
do
you
know
about
Canada,
Lily?
Lily:
Do
you
know
kalijiali?
James:
Uhm,
it’s
Calgary!
You
know
Calgary?
Lily:
Yeah,
because
my
hometown
is
Daqing.
Daqing
and
Calgary
are
friend
cities.
There’s
a
Daqing
road
in
Calgary
and
a
Calgary
road
in
Daqing.
Example
James:
Really?
Lily:
yes!
James:
Daqing,
uhmmmmm…
Lily:
The
famous
oil
city
in
China.
James:
Oh
yeah!
Calgary
is
the
same
in
Canada!
Lily:
So
that’s
the
reason,
right?
James:
Maybe.
Language
Points
1.
be
close
to接近
Tourism
is
important
to
both
of
them,
and
they
are
both
close
to
some
of
the
most
beautiful
countryside
in
the
region.
旅游业对它们都很重要，而且它们都靠近这一地区的一些最美丽的村庄。
You’ll
find
it
hard
to
get
close
to
the
tiger.
你会发现很难靠近那只老虎。
【拓展】
keep
a
close
eye/watch
on...密切注视；严密监视
close
up
to
离……很近
【辨析】
close/closely
(1)
close作副词时，意为“在附近；靠近地”，
多用来修饰由介词引导的短语，表示具体的概念。
(2)
closely是副词，意为“密切地”，多用来修饰动词
或过去分词，表示抽象意义。
【即学即练】完成句子。
1.The
little
boy
sat
______to
his
father
and
listened
_______
with
great
interest.
小男孩靠近他的父亲坐着，饶有兴趣地认真听着。
2.
My
uncle
is
the
owner
of
a
restaurant
_________
where
I
live.
我叔叔的饭店在我住的附近。
close
closely
close
to
2.
It’s
an
agreement
between
towns
or
cities
of
similar
size
and
age.
它是有着相似的面积和年代的城镇之间的一份约定。
(1)
句中的of
similar
size
and
age是用来限定towns
or
cities的，表示towns
or
cities
的特征。
Her
father
is
a
man
of
short
height.
她爸爸是一位身材矮小的男人。
The
two
boys
are
of
the
same
age,
but
they
are
of
different
heights.
这两个男孩年龄相同但身高不同。
【拓展】
1)
“be
of+
n.”结构的否定形式一般为“be
of
no
+
n.”。
What
he
said
is
of
no
importance.
他说的一点也不重要。
2)
“of+某些抽象名词”可用来描述人或事物的特征，该结构在句中可作表语或定语。
His
proposal
is
of
great
value
for
us
to
save
the
wounded.
他的提议对于我们营救伤员很有价值。
value
importance
use
help
benefit
interest
=be
very
valuable
important
useful
helpful
beneficial
interesting
be
of
great
(much)
①
be
of+抽象名词=be+与该名词相对应的形容词
②
还有些抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式
be
of
…size/weight/height/depth/length/age/color/
shape/
kind/type
…
【即学即练】
翻译：
这本词典将对你的英语学习有很大的帮助。
______________________________________
____________________________
This
dictionary
will
be
of
great
help/very
helpful
to
your
English
study.
(2)
similar
adj.
相似的
be
similar
to
和……相似
be
similar
in
在……方面相似
这辆车和那辆车在颜色方面相似。
This
car
is
similar
to
that
one
in
color.
【拓展】
similarly
adv.
相似地;
相应地
similarity
①【U】
类似;
相似
②【C】相似点；相似之处
1.
(2016?江苏高考）He
has
already
received
______________________this
week.
这周他已经收到三个相似的邀请了。
2.
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·D)The
results
the
first
test:
the
participants
followed
suit
but
took
significantly
more
candy
when
the
thin
actor
took
30
pieces.结果与第一个测试相似:参与者们也照做了，但是当瘦的演员吃了30块糖果时，参与者们却吃了多得多的糖果
【即学即练】完成句子。
three
similar
invitations
were
similar
to
3.
exchange
v.&
n.交换；兑换
There
are
visits
and
exchanges
between
schools,
theatre
groups
and
sports
teams.
在学校、戏曲小组和体育队之间都有参观和交流。
Usually，an
exchange
of
opinions
is
helpful.
通常，相互交换意见是有益的。
We’ll
have
an
opportunity
to
exchange
views
tomorrow.
明天我们将有机会交换看法。
in
exchange
for
作为交换
make
an
exchange
交换
exchange
A
for
B
以A换B
exchange
sth.
with
sb.
与某人交换某物
exchange
words
with
sb.
和某人争吵
I
would
not
exchange
my
iPhone6
with
him
for
anything.
无论他拿什么东西，我都不与他换我的苹果6手机。
I’d
like
to
exchange
some
pounds
for
dollars.
我想把一些英镑兑换成美元。
【拓展】
1.
Would
you
like
my
old
TV
_______________this
camera?
你愿意用这个照相机换我的旧电视吗？
2.
The
Internet
enables
us
to
_________
ideas
_____many
others
to
check
our
claims,
and
to
judge
our
actions.
网络使我们能够通过和别人交流想法去检查我们的言论并判断我们的行为。
【即学即练】完成句子。
in
exchange
for
exchange
with
4.
This
is
because
living
with
a
foreign
family
for
one
or
two
weeks
means
that
you
have
to
speak
their
language，and
as
a
result
you
improve
fast.
这是因为在外国人家里住一两个星期就意味着你不得不说他们的语言，这样你就会提高得很快。
本句为and连接的并列句，第一个分句中含有because引导的表语从句，且表语从句中又含有that引导的宾语从句。This
is
because...这是因为……。
He
is
ill.
This
is
why
he
is
absent.
他病了。这是他缺席的原因。
You
must
work
hard.
This
is
because
working
hard
can
result
in
success.
你一定要努力工作。这是因为努力能带来成功。
【知识拓展】
This
is
because...这是因为……
后面内容表原因
This
is
why...这是……的原因
后面内容表结果
【即学即练】完成句子。
From
space，the
earth
looks
blue.
______________about
seventy-?one
percent
of
its
surface
is
covered
by
water.
从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它的表面大约有
71%被水覆盖。
This
is
because
1.
Firefighters
could
not
get
closed
to
the
burning
building.
2.
What
would
you
give
me
in
exchange
with
my
recorder?
3.
This
dictionary
is
a
great
help
to
my
translation,
but
that
one
is
of
no
useful.
Class
exercises
close
for
use
单句改错。
Homework
Go
over
the
whole
module.
Keeping
is
harder
than
winning.
创业不易，守业更难。
