2012年初中英语专题辅导第一讲讲义：语言知识与应用（一）

初中英语专题辅导讲义
第一讲：语言知识与应用（一）
教学思路：
练习------梳理、归纳要点----分层次练习------总结解题方法
一、热身练习 (介绍动词及其常考的题型)：
1. 动词时态；
By the time they ______ the lost girl, she ______ away for half a month.
A. had found, was B. found, had been
C. has found, is D. had found, had been
2. 情态动词；
—What time is it Should I hurry up
—It’s quite early. You worry about the time.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. needn’t D. can’t
3. 被动语态；
Green trees and colourful flowers could everywhere in Guangzhou. So the people also call Guangzhou “Flower City”.
A. see B. be looked C. are seen D. be seen
4. 非谓语动词（不定式、动词+ ing、分词）
He wasn’t feeling well. He had to ________.
A. stops working B. stop working
C. stops to work D. stop to work
5. 连系动词
The cake smells _______.
A. wonderful B. wonderfully C. well D. badly
6. 词组；
I can’t hear the weather report on the radio clearly. Could you please_________
A. turn it on B. turn it off C. turn it up D. turn it down
Part I： 动词的时态
专项练习: 用play的正确时态填充。
1. They _________ football after school every day.
2. Look! Li Ming ________football over there.
3. I _________football with my classmates yesterday.
4. Ling Dong __________football with me at this time yesterday.
5. Tom _________ football tomorrow afternoon.
6. Tom said he _________football the next day.
7. David _____just ______football.
8..He said he __________football for 5 years.
二、重点归纳：
补充动词 (study) 的八种时态
时态 动作特征 结构归纳 时间状语
一般现在时 经常习惯性动作，目前状态，客观真理。
一般过去时 过去发生动作或存在状态
现在进行时 正在进行的动作
过去进行时 过去某一阶段或具体时间正在进行的动作。
一般将来时 将来发生动作或状态
过去将来时 过去某一具体时间看将发生动作或存在状态。
现在完成时 1) 至现在为止已完成的动作； 2) 从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态
过去完成时 1) 到过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作；2) 从过去某时开始到另一个过去的时间为止的动作或状态。
三、例题精讲
1) Mr Green always tells his daughter to wash her hands before she ____
A. will go B. went C. is going D. goes
*2) ---Bad luck! The film ______ already _____ for half an hour before we came here.
---Don’t worry. Let’s watch another one then.
A. had, begun B. has, begun C. had, been on D. has, been on
*3) It ______ two years since he _______ the League.
A. is; has joined B. was; joined
C. has been; joined D. had been; joined
*4) __Rick! Your jacket is wet through. Didn’t you listen to the weather report this morning
__No, I didn’t. I was in a hurry. Besides, it _____when I left.
A. hadn’t rained B. would rain C. rained D. wasn’t raining
5 ) I ____ dinner until midnight last night, because I have too much work to do.
A. haven’t B. didn’t have C. don’t have D. hadn’t had
*6) More than two months ____ already.
A. passed B. have past C. has passed D. has past
*7) — How did the accident happen
— You know, it difficult to see the road clearly because it .
A. was…was raining B. is…has rained
C. is…is raining D. will be…will rain
*8) ----______ you ______ the text
---- Yes, we _____ it two hours ago.
A. Did, copy; did B. Have, copied; have copied
C. Have, copied; did D. Did, copy; had
9) — What your mother usually do in the evening
— She used to do some .
A. do, cleaning B. do, clean C. did, cleaned D. did, cleaning
*10) In past three years there great changes in Guangzhou.
A. are B. will be C. have been D. has been
11) They ________ about a new film when their teacher _______ in.
A. have talked… came B. didn’t talk…was coming
C. will talk…comes D. were talking…came
12) --– Can I help you, sir
----Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it .
A. didn’t work B. won’t work C. isn’t work D. doesn’t work
*13) John isn’t here now. He ______ Japan. But he ______ in two days.
A. has been to, will come back B. has gone to, will be back
C. has been in, would come back D. has gone to, won’t come back
14) ---What’s new
--- Oh, one of my friends in America _____ to see me. She’ll be here soon.
A. comes B. has come C. come D. is coming
15) While she ______ NBA Games in the sitting room, the bell _______.
A. watched，was ringing B. is watching, rang
C. was watching, rang D. was watching, was ringing
四、技巧点拨
找重要的时间状语
根据句意判断
排除法
Part II ：情态动词
专项练习
(1 ) John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. may B. can C. has to D. must
( 2) ----May I take this book out
---No, you___.
A. can't B. may not C. needn't D. aren't
( 3) ( ) 2 You'd better___late next time.
A. not to be B. not be C. won't be D. don't be
( 4) ----He___ be in the classroom, I think.
----No, he ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago.
A. can; may not B. must; may not C. may; can't D. may; mustn't
(5 ) He had to give up the plan, ___ he
A. did B. didn't C. does D. doesn't
二、重点归纳
1、 情态动词大聚会：
can, could , may, might, must ,need，have to, shall ,should ,will, would, ought to 等
2、 构成：can（may……）+do
3、 分析难点：
must的一般问句否定回答常用needn’t，有时用don’t have to
2. must和have to的区别：must（主观）必须，have to（客观）必须。
3. need是情态动词时无人称和数的变化，做实义动词时后加名词和带to的不定式。
* need to be done=need doing
4. must表示较大的可能性，表示否定或疑问的推测用can’t /can
5. have to是半助动词，其否定和疑问形式要借用do /does/did
三、例题精讲
(1) —May I change the film here
—No, you do that in the sunshine.
A. needn’t B. don’t have to C. can’t D. may not
*( 2). He come here tomorrow.
A. need not B. doesn’t need C. needn’t to D. don’t need
*(3) ---Listen! Somebody is singing in the next room. Who ____ it be Is it Meihua
---No. It ______ be her. She is at school now.
A. will, may not B. must, mustn’t C. may, can’t D. may, won’t
(4) Boys, you ____ be sitting in this room. It is for your teachers only.
A. shouldn’t B. don’t C. won’t D. needn’t
*(5) Peter has to work till midnight,______
A. hasn’t he B. doesn’t Peter C. hasn’t Peter D. doesn’t he
(6) It’s raining hard outside, I ______stay at home.
A. must B. have to C. may D. can
*(7) My watch has been broken, it______.
A. needs repairing B. needs repaired
C. needs be repaired D. needs to repaired.
*(8 ) The poor man needs our help, ___ he
A. need B. needn't C. does D. doesn't
(9 ) ---- ___ I take the newspaper away
----No, you mustn't. You____read it only here.
A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must
*(10 )-----Why don't you ask Mike to go with us
----Thanks, ___.
A. I will B. I won't C.I do D. I may
*(11 ) He had better stay here, ___ he
A. didn't B. don't C. hadn't D. isn't
(12 ) You___ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.
A. can B. must C. dare D. would
*(13) He had to give up the plan, ___ he
A. did B. didn't C. does D. doesn't
Part III： 被动语态
专项练习： 阅读短文并找出短文中所含被动语态的句子
Peter has been worried all the week . Last Tuesday he received a letter from the police. In the letter he was asked to go to the police station. Peter didn’t know why he was wanted by the police , but he went to the station yesterday and now isn’t worried any more. At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him , the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. Peter was most surprised when he heard the news. He was glad too , because he never expected the bicycle could be found again. Peter lost it eight years ago when he was a boy of fifteen.
二、重点归纳
1、写出被动语态的结构: ______________
2、写出动词（do）的被动语态 ：
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does
一般过去时 did
现在进行时 be(am/is/are )+doing
过去进行时 be(was/were) +doing
情态动(can, may…….) can, may ……. +do
现在完成时 have/has + done
过去完成时 had + done
三、难点分析：
例1、Was the picture _______the teacher yesterday
A. shown B. show C. shown to D. show to
小结：如果主动语态的动词（buy, teach, pass, show 等）带有双宾语，如: give sb sth 则可改为 : sth be given to sb 或sb be given sth
例2、The boy was made ____ streets without pay in the old days.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleaned D. be cleaned
小结：动词如see, feel, watch, hear, make, let, have, help等，在主动句中其后面的不定式省to，但变成被动时，to要加上去，不能省略。
四、例题精讲
1.Jack _______ his T-shirt behind that tree, so it _______ easily.
A. hid; was seen B. was hidden; wasn’t seen
C. hid; didn’t see D. hid; wasn’t seen
2. Green trees and colourful flowers could everywhere in Guangzhou. So the people also call Guangzhou “Flower City”.
A. see B. be looked C. are seen D. be seen
3 . How long has this shop
A. be open B. been open C. opened D. been opened
* 4. —You seem busy today, Jane.
—Our project ______ in two days. I still have a lot to do.
A. must hand B. must hand in
C. must be handed D. must be handed in
* 5. —Where are the boys
—They ______ basketball on the playground just now, but I am not sure whether they are still there now.
A. were seen to play B. were seen playing
C. are seen to play D. are seen playing
*6. He told me that the book ____Ken two days before.
A. had given B. had been given C. had been given to D. was given
*7. Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will____.
A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn
8. Why ___ to talk about it yesterday
A. didn't a meeting hold B. wasn't a meeting held
C. wasn't held a meeting D. a meeting wasn't held
*9. Who was the book___
A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
10. The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping
C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep
11. The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.
A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing
*12. Great changes___ in our country during the past 20 years.
A. have happened B. happened
C. have been happened D. were happened
13. The apple___ very sweet.
A. is tasted B. taste C. tastes D. are tasting
*14. How dirty the tables are! They need___.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
Part IV : 非谓语动词
定义：
在英语中，不能作谓语动词，而是作其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。
一、专项练习
1. I found it very important ______ English well.
A. learning B. learn C. to learn D.learned
2. Do you know _____ next time
A. what can I do B. how can I do C. what to do it D. how to do it
3. He raised his voice so that he could make himself____.
A. hearing B. to hear C. heard D. hear
I I'm sorry I've kept you___ for so long.
A. waited B. to wait C. wait D. waiting
二、考点分析：（不定式，动名词和分词.）
A：不定式结构：
肯定：to do sth。 否定；not to do sth。
B： V+ing 结构..
例题1：Would you mind ___ the window
A. me opening B. my opening
C. mine opening D. I open
小结： 在finish, enjoy, keep, mind, miss, hate，like，feel like 等词后常用+ doing结构
例题2：We decided ____ a new computer .
A.buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought
小结： 在decide, choose，start，begin，try ，agree, hope, wish, fail ,would like /love等词后常用 + to do
例题3：When the baby___ her mother, she stopped___ at once.
A. saw; to cry B. looked; crying
C. watched; cry D. saw; crying
例题4：This morning I heard her ___ in the next room.
A. to cry B. cries C. cried D. cry
小结：动词stop，forget，remember，see，hear，watch等后可加todo和doing结构，但意思不同。其中see，hear，watch等在主动句中可省to。
三、例题精讲
*(1). Martin looks so well. We’ve never seen him ____ so well before.
A. is looked B. is looking C. to look D. look
*(2) My father has decided ______ because smoking is bad for his health.
A. to stop to smoke B. to stop smoking
C. stopping smoking D. stop to smoke
(3) It is kind ___ me to carry these books.
A. of you helping B. for you to help C. of you to help D. for you helpin
(4) —Would you like ______ some bread or biscuits
—No thanks. I don’t feel like anything now.
A. to have, eating B. to have, to eat
C. having, to eat D. having, eating
*( 5). —Look! A film star!
—Which one
— The one ______ in a long white skirt.
A. wearing B. dress C. wear D. dressed
(6). ---Do you remember me, Tom
---Ah, yes, I remembered _____ you in JUSCO last year.
A. see B. sees C. to see D. seeing
*(7). Jim asked Ling Feng___ change her water.
A. didn't forget to B. isn't forget to C. not to forget to D. not forget to
*(8) I often hear people say, “______is ______.”
A. To seem; believing B. Seeing; believing C. seeing; to believe D. seen; believing
(9). Jack gives me a piece of paper___.
A. to write B. to write on C. to write at D. to write in
*(10) Let’s make a fire _____ ourselves up.
A. to warm B. warming D. warm D. warmed
(11 ) To a student, the most important thing is ___ hard.
A. worked B. to work C. works D. work
*( 12) His not ___ made us worried.
A. come B. came C. to come D. coming
( 13) When I was walking in the field, I saw a plane___over my head.
A. flyed B. flies C. flying D. fling
*(14) The students stood there, ___ their teacher.
A. to watch B. watching C. watch D. watched
(15 ) There must be something wrong with your car. You have to have it_____.
A. repair B. repairing C. repaired D. to repair
Part V：连系动词
专题精讲：
一、连系动词后面+表语，是系表结构
二、连系动词大聚会：be, grow，look，turn，keep，seem，get，sound， feel ，smell ，taste ，become 等
三、连系动词后须跟形容词而不跟副词。
The cake smells _______.
A. wonderful B. wonderfully C. well D. badly
Exs:
Part VI :动词词组
一、关键提示：
平时要注意积累固定搭配，特别是常用的词组要加强记忆和运用。
二|、例题精讲
(1) —I’m often busy to my family.
— call them or send them e-mails instead
A. writing, Why not B. to write, Why not
C. writing, Why not you D. write, Why don’t
( 2 ). —Would you like to go shopping with me tomorrow
—I prefer going to the cinema ______ shopping. What about seeing a film together
—It’s a good idea.
A. to going B. than go C. to go D. than going
(3). Please keep the fire ______ and windows _______.
A. burn, open B. burning, opening C. burned, opened D. burning, open
(4). Mother us stories when we were young.
A. was used to tell B. was used for telling
C. used to tell D. used to telling
(5). Would you mind ___ your radio a little, please
A. turn off B. turning off C. to turn down D. turning down
(6) The plane to Hong Kong _______ at this time of day.
A. takes off B. gets to C. leaves for D. takes away
(7) I’ve ______ the Great Wall a lot, but I’ve never been there.
A. heard of B. heard from C. talked with D. listened to
(8) The baby kept ________ and the mother felt _______.
A. on cried…angry B. crying…worried
C. on crying…worrying D. to cry…surprise
(9) It was eight o'clock when I ___ the station.
A. got B. arrived in C. arrived at D. reached to
（10）All of us ____the spring sports meet last Saturday.
A. joined B. took part in C. attend D. joined in
（11）In the old days it was difficult for the poor to ____ a job.
A. find B. look for C. find out D. look after
（12）----Do you know Mr Brown
----No, but I ___ him before.
A. often heard of B. have known
C. have heard of D. often listen to