中考语法专题复习——连词

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连词的功能
用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句中不能单独使用。连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。
并列连词
并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：
(1)表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。
(2)表选择关系的or, either…or等。
(3)表转折关系的but, while等。
(4)表因果关系的for, so等。
考点一：
1）判断改错：
They sat down and talk about something.
They started to dance and sang.
I saw two men sitting behind and ate there.
　
F
F
F
eating
sing
talked
and (“和，并且”) 与 or (“否则”)
“and” 连接平行结构。
（1）肯定句中用“and” 表“和”；
（2）否定句中用“or”表“和” 。
2）翻译：① 我喜欢英语和数学。
② 我不喜欢英语和数学。
I like English _____ math.
I don’t like English ____ math.
and
or
= Study hard, _____ your math will be worse.
3）用 “and” 或“or” 填空：
Study hard, _____ your math will be better.
and
or
“and”意为“这样，那么”；
“or” 意为 “否则” 。
表转折的连词but 和however：
e.g. (他努力工作，但以失败告终。)
He worked hard, ______ he failed at last.
He worked hard. _________, he failed at last.
区别: but 后没有逗号，直接连接分句；
however 后有逗号相隔，可放句末。
but
However
考点二 ：
观察句子 ：
（1）Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.
改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.
或 He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.
（2）“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.”
*although/ though 和but这两个关联词不能同时用。

同样，此句错误， because 和 so 等关联词都不能同时使用。
考点三 ：
A or B ,either A or B “或者A或者B”
neither A nor B “既不A也不B”
not only A but also B “不仅A而且B”
--- 连词词组 ：
①Either you or I _____ going to the party.
(或者你或者我将去晚会。)
②Neither I nor he ______ seen the movie.
（我和他都没有看过这部电影。）
③Not only you but also he ________ French.
（不但你而且他也讲法语。）
【连接主语 时，谓语“就近原则”】
am
has
speaks
考点四
2. 从属连词---用来引导从句。常见的从属连词有：
(1)引导时间状语从句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。
(2)引导条件状语从句的if, unless等。
(3)引导原因状语从句的because, as, since等。
(4)引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。
(5)引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等。
(6)引导结果状语从句的so that, so…that, such…that等。
(7)引导比较状语从句的than, as…as等。
(8)引导宾语从句的that, if , whether等。
常用连词的用法辨析
（1） while, when, as
这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。
1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：
As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.
2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：
While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.
3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：
As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.
4) 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用as。例如：
Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.
She looked behind from time to time as she went
5) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。例如：
When he finished his work, he took a short rest.
6) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：
When John arrived I was cooking lunch.
8. The little boy ___ when I came in.
A. falls down B. fell down
C. was fell down
9. We were reading when the teacher __ in.
A. came B. comes C. is coming
10. He became a doctor when he ____the university.
A. graduated from B. graduate from
C. graduated for
1. 两个动作同时发生
2. A动作在B动作延续的时间内发生
3. A动作在B动作之后发生
11. Tom works in a hospital ___ Mary works in a company.
A. because B. until C. while
12. While his mother was washing, he ___ his homework.
A. do B. did C. was doing
13. The little boy fell alseep while he __ the music.
A. was listen B. was listening to
C. listened to
1. 表示对比，“然而，而”
2. 表示“当…的时候”。 两个动词同时发生。必须使用延续性动词。
（2）as, because, since , for
这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。
1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：
I stayed at home because it rained.
---Why aren’t you going
---Because I don’t want to.
疑问句Why ,用because回答
.
2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：
As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.
Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.
3) for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：
I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.
（3）if, whether
if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：
I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.
I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.
在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：
1) 引导主语从句时。例如：
Whether he will come to the party is unknown.
2) 引导表语从句时。例如：
The question is whether I can pass the exam.
3) 在不定式前。例如：
I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.
（4）so…that, such...that
1) so…that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such...that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：
I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.
It was such a warm day that he went swimming.
2) 如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so,不用such。例如：
He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
【实例解析】
3. (2004年吉林省中考试题)
---I like riding fast. It’s very exciting.
---Oh! You mustn’t do it like that, ________ it may have an accident.
A. and B. or C. so D. but
答案：B。该题考查的是并列连词的用法。答语的意思是“你不要那样做，否则会发生事故的。”在这四个并列连词中，只有or含有这样的意思，所以应选B。
4. (2004年天津市中考试题)
John fell asleep ________ he was listening to the music.
A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as
答案：C。该题考查的是引导时间状语从句的常用从属连词的用法。本句的含义是“约翰在听音乐的时候睡着了。”表示在干某事时发生了某个事情” 通常用while。因此应选C。
【中考演练】
1. ---Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008
---I don’t think so. Now ______ the young ______ the old can speak some English.
A. either…or B. not only… but also
C. neither…nor D. both…or
2. We didn’t catch the train _______ we left late.
A. so B. because C. but D. though
3. Tom failed in the exam again _______ he wanted to pass it very much.
A. if B. so C. though D. as
4. I won’t believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words ______ I have tested him myself.
A. after B. when C. if D. until
5. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours ______ he realized it.
A. when B. until C. after D. before
6. ---This dress was last year’s style.
---I think it still looks perfect ______ it has gone out this year.
A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since
7. Hurry up, _______ you will miss the train.
A. and B. so C. however D. or
8. The mountain was ______ steep _____ few people in our city reached the top.
A. so…as B. so…that C. as…as D. too…to
9. ---Do you remember our pleasant journey to Xi’an
---Of course. I remember everything ______ it happened yesterday.
A. as soon as B. even though
C. rather than D. as if
10. ______ you can’t answer this question, we have to ask someone else for help.
A. Although B. While C. Whether D. Since
用适当的连词填空
1. ______ they are brothers, they don’t look like each other at all.
2. The dress was very expensive, ______ I didn’t buy it.
3. ---Do you know ______ I could pass the exam
---Sorry, I’ve no idea.
4. Mr. Brown knows little Japanese, ______ he can’t understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills.
Although/Though
so
If/whether
so
5. The war was over about a year ago, ______ the American soldiers in Iraq are still having a lot of trouble to deal with.
6. ---Is David at school today
---No. He is at home _______ he has a bad cold.
7. _____ Lily _____ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.
but
because
Either or
8. Study hard, _____ you are sure to have a good result in the exam.
9. Please have a wash _______ you go to bed.
10. The twins have learned a lot ______ they came to China.
and
before
since