七宝中学2020学年度第二学期高一期中测试
考试时间：120分钟
满分150分
I.
Listening
Comprehension
(30)
Section
A
Directions:
In
Section
A,
you
will
hear
ten
short
conversations
between
two
speakers.
At
the
end
of
each
conversation,
a
question
will
be
asked
about
what
was
said.
The
conversations
and
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
you
hear
a
conversation
and
the
question
about
it,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper,
and
decide
which
one
is
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard.
1.
A.
A
new
bookstore.
B.
A
new
road.
C.
Good
novels.
D.
The
past
history.
2.
A.
He
is
a
doctor
of
surgery.
B.
He
was
hurt
yesterday
because
of
an
accident.
C.
He
injured
his
back
yesterday
just
by
sneezing.
D.
He
wants
to
look
for
a
job
at
hospital.
3.
A.
Excited.
B.
Serious.
C.
Impatient.
D.
Disappointed.
4.
A.
Xi’an.
B.
Chengdu.
C.
At
home.
D.
In
the
company.
5.
A.
She
lives
a
healthy
life
now.
B.
She
has
a
habit
of
drinking
orange
juice.
C.
He
is
too
careful
about
his
diet.
D.
He
is
used
to
taking
regular
exercise.
6.
A.
Sun.
B.
Water.
C.
Fertilizer.
D.
Soil.
7.
A.
Some
courses
on
reading.
B.
Some
courses
on
writing.
C.
The
habit
of
keeping
a
diary.
D.
Her
potential
talent..
8.
A.
She
is
too
busy
to
take
exercises.
B.
She
doesn’t
have
enough
money.
C.
It’s
unnecessary
for
her
to
take
some
lessons.
D.
She
has
never
planned
to
play
tennis.
9.
A.
The
park
is
far
away
from
their
home.
B.
He
hates
to
walk
to
the
park.
C.
He
wants
to
drive
his
car
to
another
park.
D.
It
will
be
faster
for
them
to
drive
to
the
park
rather
than
walk.
10.
A.
He
is
adding
and
reading
the
numbers.
B.
He
is
checking
the
financial
report.
C.
He
is
rewriting
the
numbers
of
the
report.
D.
He
is
trying
to
make
the
budget
limited.
Section
B
Directions:
In
Section
B,
you
will
hear
several
longer
conversation(s)
and
short
passage(s),
and
you
will
be
asked
several
questions
on
each
of
the
conversation(s)
and
the
passage(s).
The
conversation(s)
and
passage(s)
will
be
read
twice,
but
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
When
you
hear
a
question,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper
and
decide
which
one
would
be
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard.
Questions
11
through
13
are
based
on
the
following
passage.
11.
A.
When
they
go
forth
into
an
area
that
they
are
unfamiliar
with.
B.
When
they
are
qualified
to
bring
the
story
back.
C.
When
they
start
an
urgent
project.
D.
When
they
have
never
written
the
same
subject.
12.
A.
Because
he
is
a
baseball
fan
all
his
life.
B.
Because
he
has
interviewed
a
professional
athlete.
C.
Because
they
are
moved
by
the
speaker’s
sincerity.
D.
Because
the
speaker
has
done
some
sports
reporting
before.
13.
A.
Broaden
the
story
with
their
own
strength.
B.
Grow
up
happily
and
luckily.
C.
Get
some
unexpected
results.
D.
Become
a
productive
writer.
Questions
14
through
16
are
based
on
the
following
passage.
14.
A.
Creativity
is
production
of
something
original
and
useful.
B.
Creativity
happens
on
the
right
side
of
the
brain.
C.
Creativity
s
related
to
the
freedom
from
concrete
facts.
D.
Everyone
has
his
special
creativity.
15.
A.
By
focusing
on
obvious
facts
and
familiar
solutions
to
see
if
the
answer
lies
there.
B.
By
scanning
remote
memories
that
could
be
vaguely
relevant.
C.
By
focusing
our
attention
to
search
for
a
wide
range
of
distant
information.
D.
By
cutting
off
the
connection
it
may
have
with
the
problem
before
it
escapes.
16.
A.
The
common
sense
about
the
production
of
creativity.
B.
The
both
sides
of
the
brain
working
together
to
creativity.
C.
A
sense
of
pleasure
produced
by
the
creativity.
D.
How
difficult
that
we
come
up
with
a
new
single
idea.
Questions
17
through
20
are
based
on
the
following
conversation.
17.
A.
Their
plan
for
the
summer
vacation.
B.
The
woman’s
new
job.
C.
Peter’s
experience
of
volunteer.
D.
The
spirit
of
activities.
18.
A.
Supervising
a
volunteer
program
in
a
non-profit
art
gallery.
B.
Cleaning
up
the
gallery
every
weekend.
C.
Donating
cash
and
other
things.
D.
Offering
some
part-time
jobs
to
the
young.
19.
A.
Taking
part
in
activities
that
are
respected.
B.
Taking
part
in
activities
that
are
creative.
C.
Taking
part
in
activities
that
you
show
enthusiasm
for.
D.
Taking
part
in
activities
you’re
responsible
for.
20.
A.
Fund.
B.
Persistence.
C.
Acknowledgement.
D.
Respect.
II
Grammar
and
Vocabulary
(20+20)
Section
A
(A)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
After
two
weeks
in
Finland
enjoying
a
much-needed
family
vacation,
I
was
home
in
California
checking
my
mail
when
I
saw
a
letter
from
the
IRS
(国税局),
I
thought,
Finally!
They’ve
sent
my
refund!
Wrong.
It
was
a
letter
____1____
(say)
my
identity
theft
claim
had
been
received
and
they
opened
a
case.
The
odd
thing
was,
I
had
never
filed
a
claim.
I
was
puzzled,
so
the
first
thing
I
did
was
call
the
IRS.
I
found
out
that
someone
had
filed
____2____
tax
return
in
my
name
in
January,
two
months
before
I
usually
file.
He
or
she
had
created
a
direct
deposit
account
with
no
name
specified
and
has
also
filed
a
change
of
address
____3____
my
mail
would
be
redirected
to
an
old
address
of
mine.
____4____
the
criminal
investigation
unit
of
the
IRS
had
signaled
that
tax
return
as
fraudulent
(欺诈的),
a
$1400
refund
was
still
sent
to
the
direct
deposit
account
with
no
name
____5____
(attach)
to
it.
I
couldn’t
believe
it.
When
my
real
return
arrived
in
March,
the
IRS
realized
that
identity
theft
____6____
(occur)
and
began
sending
me
letters
informing
me
____7____
the
theft
and
the
delay
of
my
refund.
But
I
never
got
those
letters
because
they
were
sent
to
my
old
address
and
then
stolen.
I
had
a
real
mess
to
clean
up.
I
had
to
file
a
form
requesting
that
the
IRS
trace
my
refund
to
see
____8____
had
received
it.
The
rep
also
said
that
I
needed
to
call
the
Federal
Trade
Commission,
the
Social
Security
office,
my
bank,
my
tax
preparer,
and
one
of
the
credit
bureaus
____9____
(alert)
them
about
what
had
happened.
I
also
got
a
special
PIN
to
put
on
my
returns
going
forward,
____10____
(indicate)
that
I
had
experienced
identity
theft.
I
finally
got
my
refund
money
months
later.
I
never
found
out
who
stole
my
identity
or
whether
the
crook
or
crooks
were
ever
caught.
I
will
have
to
take
precautions
for
the
rest
of
my
life.
(B)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
There
seems
never
____11____
(be)
a
civilization
without
toys,
but
when
and
how
they
developed
is
unknown.
They
probably
came
about
just
to
give
children
something
to
do.
In
the
ancient
world,
as
is
today,
most
boys
played
with
some
kinds
of
toys
and
most
girls
with
____12____.
In
most
of
the
communities
____13____
social
roles
are
rigidly
determined,
boys
pattern
their
play
after
the
activities
of
their
fathers
and
girls
____14____
(prepare),
even
in
play,
to
step
into
the
roles
and
responsibilities
of
the
adult
world.
____15____
is
remarkable
about
the
history
of
toys
is
not
so
much
how
they
changed
over
the
centuries
____16____
how
much
they
have
remained
the
same.
The
changes
have
been
mostly
in
terms
of
craftsmanship,
mechanics,
and
technology.
It
is
the
universality
of
toys
with
regard
to
their
development
in
all
parts
of
the
world
and
their
persistence
to
the
present
____17____
is
amazing.
In
Egypt,
America,
China,
Japan
and
among
the
Arctic
people,
generally
the
same
kinds
of
toys
appeared.
Variations
depended
on
local
customs
and
ways
of
life
____18____
toys
imitate
their
surroundings.
Nearly
every
civilization
had
dolls,
little
weapons,
toy
soldiers,
tiny
animals
and
vehicles
Because
toys
can
be
generally
regarded
as
a
kind
of
art
form,
they
have
not
been
likely
to
be
influenced
by
technological
leaps
____19____
characterize
inventions
for
adult
use.
The
progress
from
the
wheel
to
the
cart
to
the
automobile
is
a
direct
line
of
ways
up.
The
progress
from
a
rattle
(拨浪鼓)used
by
a
baby
in
3,000
BC
to
_____20_____
used
by
an
infant
today,
however,
is
not
characterized
by
inventiveness.
Each
rattle
is
the
product
of
the
artistic
tastes
of
the
times
and
subject
to
the
limitations
of
available
materials.
Section
B
(A)
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
tracking
B.
scale
C.
resembles
D.
implemented
AB.
associated
AC.
prescribedAD.
calculated
BC.
approximately
BD.
actually
CD.
experimenting
ABC.
participating
When
is
healthy
food
the
best
medicine?
When
it
is
free.
That
old
saying
“An
apple
a
day
keeps
the
doctor
away”
may
hold
some
truth.
In
fact,
one
study
found
that
in
2012,
almost
half
of
the
deaths
in
America
caused
by
heart
disease,
stroke,
and
type
2
diabetes
were
linked
to
poor
diet.
But
knowing
you
should
eat
healthfully
and
____21____
doing
it
are
two
different
things,
and
making
the
right
choice
isn’t
any
easier
when
a
pound
of
grapes
costs
more
than
twice
as
much
as
a
pound
of
pasta.
The
Fresh
Food
Pharmacy
aims
to
change
that.
A
pilot
program
created
by
the
Geisinger
Health
System,
a
hospital
network
in
Pennsylvania
and
southern
New
Jersey,
this
pharmacy
____22____
a
grocery
store
stocked
with
fresh
produce,
lean
meats,
canned
beans,
and
more.
Even
better,
it
is
all
free.
Under
the
program,
patients
with
type
2
diabetes
and
qualifying
income
are
____23____
a
week’
worth
of
food
for
their
entire
household,
and
dieticians
show
them
how
to
transform
it
into
healthy
meals.
After
the
first
year,
all
180
participants
had
improved
in
key
health
measurements,
in
particular
their
hemoglobin
A1c
levels
(HbA1c),
the
gold
standard
for
____24____
blood
sugar
control.
In
2012,
the
estimated
costs
____25____
with
diabetes
in
the
United
States
were
$245
billion.
Geisinger
spent
only
about
$1000
annually
on
each
food-pharmacy
patient.
David
Feinberg,
Geisinger’s
president
and
CEO,
____26____
that
“a
decrease
in
HbA1c
of
one
point
could
save
us
about
$8000.”
With
many
of
the
patients
dropping
three
points,
the
program
could
save
$24000
or
more
a
year
in
health-care
costs—as
well
as
reduce
the
risk
of
amputation,
blindness,
and
other
complications.
Geisinger
isn’t
the
only
organization
____27____
with
produce
prescriptions.
Nonprofits,
food
banks,
hospitals,
and
even
doctors’
offices
around
the
country
have
____28____
programs
that
bring
the
“food
is
medicine”
concept
to
life.
Boston
Medical
Center’s
Preventive
Food
Pantry
was
the
first
such
program
in
the
country
when
it
opened
in
2001.
Today
it
serves
____29____
7000
patients
a
month.
In
2010,
the
nonprofit
organization
Wholesome
Wave
started
the
Fruit
and
Vegetable
Rx
program.
Doctors
give
each
family
member
$1
per
day
to
spend
at
a
_____30_____
farmers’
market
or
grocery
store.
The
program
has
helped
more
than
11000
low-income
patients.
(B)
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
demand
B.
celebrity
C.
species
D.
evolutionary
AB.
remarkable
AC.
elaborateAD.
note
BC.
colonizing
BD.
establishing
CD.
popularity
ABC.
hunger
This
is
a
story
about
a
book
that
just
kept
selling,
catching
publishers,
booksellers
and
even
its
author
off
guard.
The
book
is
Sapiens,
by
the
Israeli
academic
Yuval
Noah
Harari,
published
in
the
UK
in
September
2014.
It
is
a
recondite(深奥的)
work
of____31____
history
charting
the
development
of
humankind
through
a
scholarly
examination
of
our
ability
to
cooperate
as
a
____32____.
Sapiens
sold
well
on
publication,
particularly
when
it
came
out
in
paperback
in
the
summer
of
2015.
What
is
____33____
about
it,
though,
is
that
it’s
still
selling
in
vast
numbers.
Sapiens
has
sold
a
further
half
million
copies,
____34____
itself
firmly
at
the
top
of
the
bestseller
lists.
The
book’s
wild
success
is
symptomatic
of
a
broader
trend
in
our
book-buying
habits:
an
increase
in
the
____35____
of
intelligent,
challenging
nonfiction
often
books
that
are
several
years
old.
It
was
trade
publication,
the
Bookseller,
that
was
the
first
to
____36____
the
rise
of
what
it
called
the
“brainy
backlist”.
It
also
highlighted
a
fall
in
the
sales
of
the
books
that
had
been
such
a
staple(必需)
of
publishers’
catalogues—____37____
biographies.
We
are
turning
away
from
exciting
but
disposable
stories
of
fame
towards
more
serious,
thoughtful,
quiet
books
that
help
us
understand
our
place
in
the
world.
Mark
Richards,
publisher
at
John
Murray
Press,
sees
the
return
to
serious
works
of
nonfiction
as
a
response
to
the
spirit
of
the
age.
“People
have
a
____38____
both
for
information
and
facts,
and
for
exploration
of
issues,
of
a
sort
that
books
are
in
a
prime
position
to
provide.”
he
says.
In
the
end,
the
story
of
Sapiens
is
about
a
book
becoming
part
of
a
national
conversation.
At
a
time
when
politics
is
more
furious(愤怒)
and
fragmented(破碎的)
than
ever,
when
technology
is
____39____
our
everyday
existence,
when
medicine
is
reshaping
our
lives,
we
still
look
to
books
to
make
sense
of
things,
to
feel
ourselves
part
of
a
great
communal
effort
to
understand
our
age.
These
are
serious
time
and
they
_____40_____
serious,
intelligent
and
challenging
books.
III.
Reading
Comprehension
（30+30）
Section
A.
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
(A)
In
the
United
States,
there
have
been
no
deaths
from
commercial
airline
accidents
since
2013.
In
fact,
for
decades,
there
has
been
a
general
____41____
trend
in
the
number
of
accidents
per
departure.
Complex
systems
are
more
likely
to
suffer
from
failures,
but
commercial
aviation
(航空)
seems
to
be
a(n)
_____42_____.
Since
the
1960s,
U.S.
commercial
aviation
has
become
significantly
more
complex,
and
yet,
flying
has
become
safer.
What
lies
behind
this
remarkable
trend
is
a
handful
of
smart
approaches
to____43____.
Here
are
two
of
them.
1
Teach
people
to
speak
up—and
to
listen
A
common
error
during
airplane
accidents
used
to
be
the
____44____
of
first
officers
to
question
the
captain’s
poor
decisions.
When
the
captain
was
flying
the
airplane,
he
was
hard
to
challenge,
and
his
mistakes
went
____45____.
All
this
began
to
change
in
the
late
1970s
with
a
training
program
known
as
Crew
Resource
Management
(CRM).
The
program
revolutionized
the
____46____
not
just
of
the
cockpit
(机舱)
but
also
of
the
whole
industry.
It
reframed
safety
as
a
____47____
issue
and
put
all
crew
members
on
more
equal
footing.
It
was
no
longer
____48____
to
question
the
decisions
of
a
superior;
it
was
required.
And
CRM
taught
crew
members
the
language
of
disagreement.
The
lesson
isn’t
simply
that
people
lower
down
in
the
____49____
should
speak
up
and
higher-ups
should
listen.
What
CRM
has
shown
is
that
people
can
be
taught
to
speak
up
and
to
listen.
The
ability
to
express
and
embrace
______50______
isn’t
hardwired
in
our
personality
or
cultural
background;
it’s
a
skill
we
can
learn.
2.
Learn
from
small
failures
and
close
calls
In
1976,
the
US
Federal
Aviation
Administration
created
an
industry-wide
system
to
collect
safety
reports.
The
Aviation
Safety
Reporting
System
(ASRS)
collects
thousands
of
reports
each
month.
Beyond
receiving
immunity
(豁免权)
for
a
mistake,
it’s
a
point
of
______51______
for
pilots
to
submit
ASRS
reports.
They
know
the
reports
make
air
travel
safer.
The
reports
are
stored
in
a
searchable
database
that
anyone
can______52______,
and
National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration
(NASA)
highlights
safety
trends
in
its
monthly
newsletter,
Callback.
Here,
too,
there
is
a
______53______
lesson.
Small
mistakes
and
near
misses
can
be
a
rich
source
of
data
about
what
might
______54______
in
our
system.
Mistakes
shouldn’t
be
______55______.
By
openly
sharing
stories
of
failures
and
near
failures,
we
can
treat
errors
as
an
opportunity
to
learn.
41.
A.
similar
B.
steady
C.
long-term
D.
downward
42.
A.
example
B.
exception
C.
symbol
D.
alternative
43.
A.
assessment
B.
management
C.
competition
D.
contribution
44
A.
failure
B.
effort
C.
pressure
D.
convenience
45.
A.
predictable
B.
imaginary
C.
unchecked
D.
incomplete
46.
A.
staff
B.
structure
C.
culture
D.
concern
47.
A.
team
B.
state
C.
side
D.
policy
48.
A.
immoral
B.
unnecessary
C.
disrespectful
D.
inconvenient
49.
A.
age
B.
position
C.
salary
D.
attractiveness
50.
A.
excitement
B.
discomfort
C.
respect
D.
disagreement
51.
A.
pride
B.
sacrifice
C.
entertainment
D.
intelligence
52.
A.
create
B.
afford
C.
analyze
D.
access
53.
A.
broader
B.
clearer
C.
more
bitter
D.
more
costly
54.
A.
break
out
B.
go
wrong
C.
take
shape
D.
slow
down
55.
A.
obstacles
B.
failures
C.
experiments
D.
secrets
(B)
Space
exploration
has
always
been
the
province
of
____56____:
The
human
imagination
readily
soars
where
human
ingenuity
(创造力)
____57____
to
follow.
A
Voyage
to
the
Moon,
often
cited
as
the
first
science
fiction
story,
was
written
by
Cyrano
de
Bergerac
in
1649.
Cyrano
was
dead
and
buried
for
a
good
three
centuries
before
the
first
manned
rockets
started
to
fly.
In
1961,
when
President
Kennedy
declared
that
America
would
send
a
man
to
the
moon
by
the
decade’s
end,
those
words,
too,
had
a
dreamlike
quality.
They
resonated
(共鸣)
with
____58____
and
ambition
in
much
the
same
way
as
the
most
famous
____59____
speech
of
all,
delivered
by
Martin
Luther
King
Jr.
two
years
later.
By
the
end
of
the
decade,
both
visions
had
yielded
concrete
results
and
____60____
American
society.
And
yet
in
many
ways
the
two
dreams
ended
up
in
____61____
with
each
other.
The
fight
for
racial
and
economic
equality
is
intensely
pragmatic
(讲求实用的)
and
immediate
in
its
impact.
The
urge
to
explore
space
is
just
the
opposite
.It
is
figuratively
and
literally
otherworldly(超现实的)
in
its
____62____.
When
the
dust
settled,
the
space
dreamers
lost
out.
There
was
no
grand
follow-up
to
the
Apollo
missions.
The
technologically
compromised
space
shuttle
program
has
just
come
to
an
end,
with
no
____63____.
The
perpetual(不断的)
argument
is
that
____64____
are
tight,
that
we
have
more
pressing
problems
here
on
Earth.
Amid
the
current
concerns
about
the
federal
deficit(赤字),
reaching
toward
the
stars
seems
a
dispensable
luxury--
_____65_____
saving
one-thousandth
of
a
single
year’s
budget
would
solve
our
problems.
But
human
ingenuity
struggles
on.
NASA
is
developing
a
series
of
robotic
probes
that
will
get
the
most
bang
for
a
buck.
They
will
serve
as
modern
Magellans,
_____66_____
out
the
solar
system
for
whatever
explorers
follow,
whether
man
or
machine.
On
the
flip
side,
companies
like
Virgin
Galactic
are
plotting
a
bottom-up
attack
on
the
space
dream
by
making
it
a
reality
to
the
public.
Private
spaceflight
could
lie
within
reach
of
rich
civilians
in
a
few
years.
Another
decade
or
two
and
it
could
go
_____67_____.
The
space
dreamers
end
up
_____68_____
all
of
us--
not
just
because
of
the
way
they
expand
human
knowledge,
or
because
of
the
spin-off
technologies
they
produce,
but
because
the
two
types
of
dreams
feed
off
each
other.
Both
Martin
Luther
King
and
John
Kennedy
appealed
to
the
idea
that
humans
can
go
beyond
what
were
once
considered
inherent
_____69_____.
Today
we
face
seeming
challenges
in
energy,
the
environment,
health
care.
Tomorrow
we
will
transcend(超越)
these
as
well,
and
the
dreamers
will
deserve
a
lot
of
the
credit.
The
more
evidence
we
collect
that
our
species
is
_____70_____
of
greatness,
the
more
we
will
actually
achieve
it.
56.
A.
dreamers
B.
explorers
C.
astronomers
D.
novelists
57.
A.
expects
B.
struggles
C.
observes
D.
explores
58
A.
reputation
B.
emotion
C.
challenge
D.
optimism
59.
A.
liberty
B.
public
C.
dream
D.
freedom
60.
A.
attacked
B.
industrialized
C.
transformed
D.
accessed
61.
A.
conflict
B.
line
C.
contrary
D.
parallel
62.
A.
aims
B.
paces
C.
concerns
D.
terms
63.
A.
ancestor
B.
successor
C.
forefather
D.
advocate
64.
A.
situations
B.
securities
C.
funds
D.
schedules
65.
A.
even
if
B.
in
case
C.
as
if
D.
so
that
66.
A.
finding
B.
figuring
C.
sweeping
D.
mapping
67.
A.
mainstream
B.
foreign
C.
service
D.
sale
68.
A.
informing
B.
challenging
C.
benefiting
D.
cultivating
69.
A.
limitations
B.
qualities
C.
technology
D.
knowledge
70.
A.
ignorant
B.
capable
C.
conscious
D.
proud
Section
B
Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
(A)
The
bus
screamed
to
a
stop
in
Nazareth,
Israel.
Five
Australian
backpackers
boarded
and
struck
up
a
conversation
with
me.
They
asked
typical
travelers’
questions—where
was
I
going
and
why
was
I
traveling
alone?
My
plan
was
to
travel
with
a
friend
of
a
friend,
I
explained,
but
when
I
called
her
that
morning,
she
didn’t
pick
up
and
I
had
no
other
way
to
reach
her.
My
stomach
was
in
knots,
but
I
decided
to
head
out
anyway,
thinking
I
might
run
into
her
if
I
traveled
to
Tiberius,
where
we
had
planned
to
go
together.
“Why
don’t
you
travel
with
us?”
one
of
the
backpackers
offered.
They
were
experienced
adventurers
who
would
work
for
a
few
months,
save,
then
travel
for
as
long
as
they
could.
Their
current
plan
was
to
explore
the
Middle
East
and
Europe
in
three
months
while
working
in
London.
It
seemed
risky
to
travel
with
strangers,
but
my
instinct
said
yes.
For
the
next
two
weeks,
I
explored
Israel
with
the
backpackers
and
learned
to
trust
my
instincts
in
all
types
of
new
and
interesting
situations.
When
they
hook
a
ride,
I
took
the
bus,
but
when
they
wanted
to
steal
into
the
King
David
Hotel’s
swimming
pool,
I
led
the
way.
The
world
opened
up
to
me
because
I
chose
to
travel
alone.
I
joined
complete
strangers,
who
become
close
friends.
Years
later,
one
couple
from
the
backpacking
group
even
flew
from
Sydney
to
Phoenix
to
be
in
my
wedding.
The
trip
was
such
a
special
experience
that
it
gave
me
confidence
in
all
areas
of
my
life.
Since
then,
I’ve
backpacked
alone
across
South
Africa,
sky-dived
from
12,000
feet
in
New
Zealand
and
even
moved
across
the
U.S.
with
no
job
lined
up.
On
my
third
day
wandering
in
Israel
with
my
new
friends,
I
bumped
into
the
woman
I
was
supposed
to
meet.
Though
I
was
happy
she
was
all
right,
I
was
grateful
she
hadn’t
picked
up
the
phone.
71.
By
“My
stomach
was
in
knots”
(in
paragraph
1),
the
author
most
likely
means
that
she
was
______.
A.
sick
of
riding
on
a
bumpy
bus
B.
nervous
of
meeting
strangers
C.
upset
about
the
sudden
change
D.
sorry
about
the
impractical
plan
72.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
the
backpackers
the
author
met?
A.
Courageous
but
disrespectful.
B.
Jobless
and
poorly
educated.
C.
Warmhearted
and
trustworthy.
D.
Homeless
but
lighthearted.
73.
The
author’s
sixth
sense
told
her
that
______.
A.
she
would
get
along
with
the
backpackers
B.
it
might
cause
trouble
to
have
a
swim
C.
she
ought
to
stay
away
from
the
backpackers
D.
it
could
add
excitement
to
get
a
free
ride
74.
What
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage?
A.
Most
of
the
backpackers
became
the
author’s
lifelong
friends.
B.
The
author
gathered
the
courage
to
be
a
fulltime
backpack
traveler.
C.
The
woman
missed
the
phone
call
with
the
purpose
of
traveling
alone.
D.
The
author
considered
it
the
best
decision
of
her
life
to
travel
on
her
own.
(B)
Families
should
reduce
exposure
to
synthetic
chemicals
found
in
food
colorings,
preservatives
and
packaging
materials
as
a
growing
body
of
research
shows
they
may
harm
children’s
health,
according
to
a
policy
statement
and
technical
report
from
the
American
Academy
of
Pediastrics
released
online.
The
statement
also
suggests
improvements
to
the
food
additives
regulatory
system,
including
updating
the
scientific
foundation
of
the
U.S.
Food
and
Drug
Administrations
safety
assessment
retesting
all
previously
approved
chemicals.
Leonard
Trasande
,the
author
of
the
policy
statement,
to
tell
us
more
about
these
concerns.
Q:
What
are
the
growing
number
of
studies
showing
us?
A:
Over
the
past
two
decades,
an
accumulating
body
of
science
suggests
some
food
additives
can
interfere
with
a
child’s
hormones,
growth
and
development.
Potentially
harmful
effects
of
food
additives
are
of
special
concern
for
children
because
they
are
more
sensitive
to
chemical
exposures
because
they
eat
and
drink
more
relative
to
body
weight,
than
adults
do
and
are
still
growing
and
developing.
An
early
injury
to
their
organ
systems
can
have
lifelong
and
permanent
consequences.
Q:
What
additives
does
the
statement
highlight?
A:
The
additives
of
most
concern,
based
on
rising
research
evidence
cited
in
the
report,
include:
Bisphenols,
such
as
BPA,
used
to
harden
plastic
containers
and
line
metal
cans,
can
act
like
estrogen（雌激素）in
the
body
which
may
potentially
change
the
timing
of
puberty,
decrease
fertility,
increase
body
fat
and
affect
the
nervous
and
immune
systems.
BPA
is
now
banned
in
baby
bottles.
Phthalates,
which
make
plastic
and
vinyl
tubes
used
in
industrial
food
production
flexible,
may
affect
male
genital
development
increase
childhood
obesity
and
contribute
to
cardiovascular
disease.
In
2017,
the
Consumer
Product
Safety
Commission
banned
the
use
or
some
phthalates
in
child-care
products
such
as
teething
rings.
75.
According
to
the
American
Academy
of
Pediatric’s
report,
people
should
___
to
cope
with
the
problem
of
food
additives.
A.
try
to
avoid
food
additives
in
daily
life
and
revise
relevant
rules
on
food
additives
B.
update
the
food
safety
assessment
program
and
check
the
approved
chemicals
again
C.
improve
the
food
additives
regulatory
system
and
retest
all
approved
chemicals
D.
reduce
the
usage
of
food
additives
and
establish
new
food
protection
system
76.
Leonardo
Trasande
holds
the
view
that
food
additives
do
more
harm
to
children
than
adults
because
study
shows
___.
A.
children
are
more
sensitive
to
what
they
eat
and
drink
than
adults
B.
children
usually
eat
and
drink
more
unhealthy
food
than
adults
C.
children
are
just
too
young
and
weak
to
protect
themselves
D.
children’s
organs
are
easier
to
be
damaged
and
hard
to
recover
77.
How
many
specific
kinds
of
harmful
effect
caused
by
the
additives
are
mentioned
in
the
passage?
A.
2
B.
7
C.
8
D.
3
(
C
)
The
classic
nightmare
of
suddenly
realizing
you
are
naked
in
public
could
soon
get
a
futuristic
twist:
it
might
involve
the
horror
of
losing
not
just
your
modesty
but
also
your
pass
codes.
Scientists
recently
created
magnetic
garments
that
they
say
can
store
data,
automatically
unlock
doors
or
control
a
nearby
smartphone
with
gesture.
The
concept
of
interactive
“smart
clothing”
has
drawn
attention
in
the
past
couple
of
years.
For
example,
Google
and
Levi’s
created
a
touch-sensitive
jacket
that
can
operate
a
smartphone.
This
and
other
smart
garments
are
made
with
conductive
thread
and
usually
require
an
attached
electronic
device.
To
eliminate
the
need
for
such
peripheral
gear,
researchers
at
the
University
of
Washington
recently
took
advantage
of
what
is
a
previously
untapped
property
of
conductive
thread:
its
ability
to
be
magnetized.
“Using
magnetic
instead
of
electric
properties
of
the
thread
may
seem
like
a
small
difference,
but
it
is
what
makes
this
work
interesting
and
exciting,”
says
Chris
Harrison,
a
computer
scientist
at
Carnegie
Mellon
University,
who
was
not
part
of
the
research.
The
new
technique
allowed
the
researchers
to
do
something
they
say
is
unique
among
wearables:
turn
them
into
storage
devices.
The
Washington
team
magnetized
a
patch
of
fabric
embroidered
with
conductive
thread,
giving
different
parts
of
the
cloth
a
north
or
south
orientation
that
correspond
to
binary
1’s
or
0’.
This
step
allowed
the
researchers
to
store
up
to
33
million
different
combinations—such
as
pass
codes
for
doors—on
a
shirt
sleeve.
They
also
created
magnetic
gloves
that
could
control
a
nearby
smartphone
with
gestures.
The
team
described
its
findings
last
October
at
a
meeting
of
the
Association
for
Computing
Machinery.
The
garments
still
stored
data
after
washing,
drying
and
ironing,
but
they
could
not
escape
time’s
eraser;
after
about
a
week,
the
threads’
magnetic
fields
had
weakened
by
around
30
percent.
The
researchers
suggest
that
using
custom-made
thread
designed
to
hold
stronger
magnetic
fields
might
work
longer.
But
for
now
the
clothes
may
be
best
suited
for
storing
temporary
codes,
such
as
those
found
on
hotel
key
cards
or
clothing
tags
in
stores.
Harrison
says
that
it
is
“very
unlikely
you
are
ever
going
to
achieve
a
comparable
density
to
magnetic
hard
drives”
with
data-storing
fabric,
however.
78.
What
does
the
underlined
sentence
(1st
paragraph)
imply?
A.
People
would
soon
change
their
views
on
being
naked
in
public.
B.
There
is
no
way
to
stop
the
decline
of
privacy
right
now.
C.
People
would
lose
privacy
to
a
considerable
degree.
D.
The
classic
nightmare
of
losing
pass
codes
could
never
come
true.
79.
According
to
Chris
Harrison,
using
magnetic
conductive
thread
is
interesting
and
exciting
because
________.
A.
it
will
gradually
eliminate
the
need
for
attached
devices
B.
it
will
turn
any
common
wearables
into
storage
devices
C.
it
is
such
an
abstract
idea
that
giant
companies
have
made
attempts
at
it
D.
it
brings
scientists
new
challenges
and
makes
their
work
out
of
the
ordinary
80.
Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
a
feature
of
garments
with
new
technology？
A.
It
is
portable
and
can
interact
with
electronic
devices
wirelessly.
B.
it
is
sustainable
and
doesn’t
need
further
maintenance.
C.
It
is
washable
and
can
endure
high
temperature.
D.
It
can
store
huge
amounts
of
information.
81.
What
does
Harrison
imply
in
the
last
paragraph？
A.
Magnetic
hard
drivers
will
never
lose
their
position
to
fabrics
in
storage.
B.
Cloth
and
fabric
as
a
storage
medium
have
replaced
magnetic
hard
drives.
C.
Data-storing
fabric
can
be
as
efficient
as
a
traditional
storage
medium
now.
D.
In
the
short
term,
fabric
used
to
store
data
cannot
overcome
its
weakness.
Section
C
Directions:Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
sentences
given
below.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
Fed
up
with
constantly
having
to
recharge
or
replace
batteries
in
your
ever-expanding
electronic
devices?
The
solution
may
be
just
a
few
steps
away.
“Energy
harvesting”
promises
to
power
countless
consumer
devices,
often
with
nothing
more
than
your
body's
movement
or
heat.____82____.But
many
experts
believe
the
market
for
the
technology
could
explode
due
to
electronic
devices
being
developed
for
the
Internet
of
Things.
Among
the
most
basic
forms
of
the
technology
is
body
power,____83____Automatic
watches
have
employed
the
concept
for
decades,
for
example,
by
winding
themselves
when
their
user
moves
their
arm.
Now
the
concept
is
being
considered
for
a
number
of
other
devices.
In
an
contest
seeking
visionary
ideas
for
wearable
technologies,
Intel
awarded$5,000
for
a
concept
to
change
the
temperature
difference
between
a
person's
body
and
a
special
piece
of
clothing
they'd
wear
into
electricity
for
mobile
devices.
___84___.
Stanford
University
engineers
are
testing
smart
microchips
that
create
electricity
from
ultrasound
to
power
implantable
devices
that
can
analyze
a
person's
nervous
system
or
treat
their
diseases.
A
textile
research
association
in
Spain
is
proposing
to
obtain
electricity
from
radio
waves
that
flow
around
everyone
to
power
sensors
sewn
into
clothes,
which
can
monitor
a
person's
heartbeat
or
other
vital
signs.
Obtaining
stable
energy
from
devices
can
be
complex,
however.
For
one
thing,
the
motlon
that
generates
the
electricity
has
to
be
constant
to
be
useful.
Moreover,
the
amount
of
power
the
devices
produce
depends
on
the
person
using
them,
according
to
a
Columbia
University
study,
It
determined
that
taller
people
on
average
provide
about
20percent
more
power
than
shorter
ones
when
walking,
running
or
cycling.
___85___.
While
such
devices
are
expected
to
cost
less
than
battery-powered
alternatives
when
compared
over
many
years
,experts
say,
people
may
continue
buying
ones
with
batteries
merely
because
those
would
be
cheaper
in
the
short
term.
A.
Dozens
of
companies
around
the
world
already
offer
such
products
B.
Using
sound
to
power
devices
is
another
energy-harvesting
variation
C.
It's
also
unclear
how
eagerly
consumers
might
welcome
energy-harvesting
products,
D.
With
the
Internet
of
things
expected
to
combine
billions
of
devices,
we'll
have
to
use
energy
harvesting.
E.
When
certain
materials
are
squeezed
or
stretched
the
movement
of
their
atoms
creates
an
electrical
charge.
F.
Research
fim
IDTechEx
has
estimated
that
annual
global
sales
of
energy-harvesting
products
could
hit
$.2.6
billion
by
2024.
IV.
Translation
（20.
3+4+4+4+5）
Directions:
Translate
the
following
phrases
or
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
86.
不管我们离家乡有多遥远，我们都会对打小就吃的家常菜产生认同感。(however)（汉译英）
87.
面对紧急情况，飞行员深呼吸使自己平静下来，并反思了几分钟前所作的决定。(reflect)
（汉译英）
88.
在德国做交流生期间，我遇到了一位工程学教授，对古希腊哲学家的思想非常了解。(who)
（汉译英）
89.
乔丹在参加每一场比赛时，都迎难而上，勇往直前，取得最后的胜利。(participate)
（汉译英）
90.
自从高一引入英语新教材以来，不仅插图精美的课本引起了同学们的兴趣，关注个人经历的课文也让学生能体验文化冲击，有助于他们形成跨文化交际的意识。(not
only倒装句)
（汉译英）七宝中学2020学年度第二学期高一期中测试
考试时间：120分钟
满分150分
I.
Listening
Comprehension
(30)
Section
A
Directions:
In
Section
A,
you
will
hear
ten
short
conversations
between
two
speakers.
At
the
end
of
each
conversation,
a
question
will
be
asked
about
what
was
said.
The
conversations
and
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
After
you
hear
a
conversation
and
the
question
about
it,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper,
and
decide
which
one
is
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard.
1.
A.
A
new
bookstore.
B.
A
new
road.
C.
Good
novels.
D.
The
past
history.
2.
A.
He
is
a
doctor
of
surgery.
B.
He
was
hurt
yesterday
because
of
an
accident.
C.
He
injured
his
back
yesterday
just
by
sneezing.
D.
He
wants
to
look
for
a
job
at
hospital.
3.
A.
Excited.
B.
Serious.
C.
Impatient.
D.
Disappointed.
4.
A.
Xi’an.
B.
Chengdu.
C.
At
home.
D.
In
the
company.
5.
A.
She
lives
a
healthy
life
now.
B.
She
has
a
habit
of
drinking
orange
juice.
C.
He
is
too
careful
about
his
diet.
D.
He
is
used
to
taking
regular
exercise.
6.
A.
Sun.
B.
Water.
C.
Fertilizer.
D.
Soil.
7.
A.
Some
courses
on
reading.
B.
Some
courses
on
writing.
C.
The
habit
of
keeping
a
diary.
D.
Her
potential
talent..
8.
A.
She
is
too
busy
to
take
exercises.
B.
She
doesn’t
have
enough
money.
C.
It’s
unnecessary
for
her
to
take
some
lessons.
D.
She
has
never
planned
to
play
tennis.
9.
A.
The
park
is
far
away
from
their
home.
B.
He
hates
to
walk
to
the
park.
C.
He
wants
to
drive
his
car
to
another
park.
D.
It
will
be
faster
for
them
to
drive
to
the
park
rather
than
walk.
10.
A.
He
is
adding
and
reading
the
numbers.
B.
He
is
checking
the
financial
report.
C.
He
is
rewriting
the
numbers
of
the
report.
D.
He
is
trying
to
make
the
budget
limited.
Section
B
Directions:
In
Section
B,
you
will
hear
several
longer
conversation(s)
and
short
passage(s),
and
you
will
be
asked
several
questions
on
each
of
the
conversation(s)
and
the
passage(s).
The
conversation(s)
and
passage(s)
will
be
read
twice,
but
the
questions
will
be
spoken
only
once.
When
you
hear
a
question,
read
the
four
possible
answers
on
your
paper
and
decide
which
one
would
be
the
best
answer
to
the
question
you
have
heard.
Questions
11
through
13
are
based
on
the
following
passage.
11.
A.
When
they
go
forth
into
an
area
that
they
are
unfamiliar
with.
B.
When
they
are
qualified
to
bring
the
story
back.
C.
When
they
start
an
urgent
project.
D.
When
they
have
never
written
the
same
subject.
12.
A.
Because
he
is
a
baseball
fan
all
his
life.
B.
Because
he
has
interviewed
a
professional
athlete.
C.
Because
they
are
moved
by
the
speaker’s
sincerity.
D.
Because
the
speaker
has
done
some
sports
reporting
before.
13.
A.
Broaden
the
story
with
their
own
strength.
B.
Grow
up
happily
and
luckily.
C.
Get
some
unexpected
results.
D.
Become
a
productive
writer.
Questions
14
through
16
are
based
on
the
following
passage.
14.
A.
Creativity
is
production
of
something
original
and
useful.
B.
Creativity
happens
on
the
right
side
of
the
brain.
C.
Creativity
s
related
to
the
freedom
from
concrete
facts.
D.
Everyone
has
his
special
creativity.
15.
A.
By
focusing
on
obvious
facts
and
familiar
solutions
to
see
if
the
answer
lies
there.
B.
By
scanning
remote
memories
that
could
be
vaguely
relevant.
C.
By
focusing
our
attention
to
search
for
a
wide
range
of
distant
information.
D.
By
cutting
off
the
connection
it
may
have
with
the
problem
before
it
escapes.
16.
A.
The
common
sense
about
the
production
of
creativity.
B.
The
both
sides
of
the
brain
working
together
to
creativity.
C.
A
sense
of
pleasure
produced
by
the
creativity.
D.
How
difficult
that
we
come
up
with
a
new
single
idea.
Questions
17
through
20
are
based
on
the
following
conversation.
17.
A.
Their
plan
for
the
summer
vacation.
B.
The
woman’s
new
job.
C.
Peter’s
experience
of
volunteer.
D.
The
spirit
of
activities.
18.
A.
Supervising
a
volunteer
program
in
a
non-profit
art
gallery.
B.
Cleaning
up
the
gallery
every
weekend.
C.
Donating
cash
and
other
things.
D.
Offering
some
part-time
jobs
to
the
young.
19.
A.
Taking
part
in
activities
that
are
respected.
B.
Taking
part
in
activities
that
are
creative.
C.
Taking
part
in
activities
that
you
show
enthusiasm
for.
D.
Taking
part
in
activities
you’re
responsible
for.
20.
A.
Fund.
B.
Persistence.
C.
Acknowledgement.
D.
Respect.
II.
Grammar
and
Vocabulary
(20+20)
Section
A
(A)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
After
two
weeks
in
Finland
enjoying
a
much-needed
family
vacation,
I
was
home
in
California
checking
my
mail
when
I
saw
a
letter
from
the
IRS
(国税局),
I
thought,
Finally!
They’ve
sent
my
refund!
Wrong.
It
was
a
letter
____1____
(say)
my
identity
theft
claim
had
been
received
and
they
opened
a
case.
The
odd
thing
was,
I
had
never
filed
a
claim.
I
was
puzzled,
so
the
first
thing
I
did
was
call
the
IRS.
I
found
out
that
someone
had
filed
____2____
tax
return
in
my
name
in
January,
two
months
before
I
usually
file.
He
or
she
had
created
a
direct
deposit
account
with
no
name
specified
and
has
also
filed
a
change
of
address
____3____
my
mail
would
be
redirected
to
an
old
address
of
mine.
____4____
the
criminal
investigation
unit
of
the
IRS
had
signaled
that
tax
return
as
fraudulent
(欺诈的),
a
$1400
refund
was
still
sent
to
the
direct
deposit
account
with
no
name
____5____
(attach)
to
it.
I
couldn’t
believe
it.
When
my
real
return
arrived
in
March,
the
IRS
realized
that
identity
theft
____6____
(occur)
and
began
sending
me
letters
informing
me
____7____
the
theft
and
the
delay
of
my
refund.
But
I
never
got
those
letters
because
they
were
sent
to
my
old
address
and
then
stolen.
I
had
a
real
mess
to
clean
up.
I
had
to
file
a
form
requesting
that
the
IRS
trace
my
refund
to
see
____8____
had
received
it.
The
rep
also
said
that
I
needed
to
call
the
Federal
Trade
Commission,
the
Social
Security
office,
my
bank,
my
tax
preparer,
and
one
of
the
credit
bureaus
____9____
(alert)
them
about
what
had
happened.
I
also
got
a
special
PIN
to
put
on
my
returns
going
forward,
____10____
(indicate)
that
I
had
experienced
identity
theft.
I
finally
got
my
refund
money
months
later.
I
never
found
out
who
stole
my
identity
or
whether
the
crook
or
crooks
were
ever
caught.
I
will
have
to
take
precautions
for
the
rest
of
my
life.
【答案】1.
saying
2.
a
3.
so
that
4.
Although
5.
attached
6.
had
occurred
7.
of
8.
who
9.
to
alert
10.
indicating
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者两周后在芬兰享受一个急需的家庭度假，收到一封来自美国国税局的信，结果发现信息被盗，原来有人在一月份以作者的名义提交了纳税申报单，比作者通常提交的时间要早两个月。几个月后，作者终于拿到了退款，并感叹从来没有发现是谁盗用了我的身份，也没有发现哪个或哪些骗子有没有被抓住，余生都得小心谨慎。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：是一封来信，说我的身份盗窃索赔已经收到，他们开了一个案件。分析句子结构，was为系动词，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，
a
letter和say为主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填saying。
【2题详解】
考查冠词。句意：我发现有人在一月份以我的名义提交了纳税申报单，比我通常提交的时间要早两个月。
tax
return
为可数名词，此处表示泛指，tax发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a。故填a。
【3题详解】
考查目的状语从句。句意：他或她在没有指定姓名的情况下开立了一个直接存款账户，还更改了地址，这样我的邮件就会被转到我的旧地址。so
that表目的，我的账户被小偷利用，目的就是把我的邮箱给替换了。故填so
that。
【4题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管美国国税局的刑事调查单位已经暗示，纳税申报表是欺诈，一个1400美元的退款还发送给直接存款账户不附加任何名字。Although尽管，表让步，这里表示退款还是直接存款账户不附加任何名字。故填Although。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管美国国税局的刑事调查单位已经暗示，纳税申报表是欺诈，一个1400美元的退款还发送给直接存款账户不附加任何名字。因为attach无name是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填attached。
【6题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：我简直不敢相信。当我真正的退货在3月份到达时，美国国税局意识到身份被盗，开始给我写信，通知我被盗和我的退款延迟。根据空前“When
my
real
return
arrived
in
March,”可知，故事发生在过去，而且偷盗信息是在过去的过去发生的，因此这里要用过去完成时。故填had
occurred。
【7题详解】
考查介词。句意：我简直不敢相信。当我真正的退货在3月份到达时，美国国税局意识到身份被盗，开始给我写信，通知我被盗和我的退款延迟。inform
sb.
of
sth.为固定短语，意为“通知某人某事,把……事告诉某人”。故填of。
【8题详解】
考查宾语从句。句意：我不得不提交一份表格，要求国税局追踪我的退款，看谁收到了。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语而且指人，需用连接代词who引导。故填who。
【9题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这位代表还说，我需要打电话给联邦贸易委员会、社会保障办公室、我的银行、我的报税员，以及一个信用机构，提醒他们所发生的事情。to
do
不定式表目的，打电话就是为了提醒他们所发生的事情。故填to
alert。
【10题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我还得到了一个特殊的密码，用于以后的退货，这表明我经历过身份盗窃。分析句子结构，got为动词，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，主语和indicate为逻辑上主谓关系。故填indicating。
(B)
Directions:
After
reading
the
passage
below,
fill
in
the
blanks
to
make
the
passage
coherent
and
grammatically
correct.
For
the
blanks
with
a
given
word,
fill
in
each
blank
with
the
proper
form
of
the
given
word;
for
the
other
blanks,
use
one
word
that
best
fits
each
blank.
There
seems
never
____11____
(be)
a
civilization
without
toys,
but
when
and
how
they
developed
is
unknown.
They
probably
came
about
just
to
give
children
something
to
do.
In
the
ancient
world,
as
is
today,
most
boys
played
with
some
kinds
of
toys
and
most
girls
with
____12____.
In
most
of
the
communities
____13____
social
roles
are
rigidly
determined,
boys
pattern
their
play
after
the
activities
of
their
fathers
and
girls
____14____
(prepare),
even
in
play,
to
step
into
the
roles
and
responsibilities
of
the
adult
world.
____15____
is
remarkable
about
the
history
of
toys
is
not
so
much
how
they
changed
over
the
centuries
____16____
how
much
they
have
remained
the
same.
The
changes
have
been
mostly
in
terms
of
craftsmanship,
mechanics,
and
technology.
It
is
the
universality
of
toys
with
regard
to
their
development
in
all
parts
of
the
world
and
their
persistence
to
the
present
____17____
is
amazing.
In
Egypt,
America,
China,
Japan
and
among
the
Arctic
people,
generally
the
same
kinds
of
toys
appeared.
Variations
depended
on
local
customs
and
ways
of
life
____18____
toys
imitate
their
surroundings.
Nearly
every
civilization
had
dolls,
little
weapons,
toy
soldiers,
tiny
animals
and
vehicles
Because
toys
can
be
generally
regarded
as
a
kind
of
art
form,
they
have
not
been
likely
to
be
influenced
by
technological
leaps
____19____
characterize
inventions
for
adult
use.
The
progress
from
the
wheel
to
the
cart
to
the
automobile
is
a
direct
line
of
ways
up.
The
progress
from
a
rattle
(拨浪鼓)used
by
a
baby
in
3,000
BC
to
_____20_____
used
by
an
infant
today,
however,
is
not
characterized
by
inventiveness.
Each
rattle
is
the
product
of
the
artistic
tastes
of
the
times
and
subject
to
the
limitations
of
available
materials.
【答案】11.
to
have
been
12.
others
13.
where
14.
are
being
prepared/are
prepared
15.
What
16.
but
17.
that
18.
because
19.
that/which
20.
one
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了玩具的发展与变化。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：似乎从来就没有一个没有玩具的文明，但它们是何时以及如何发展起来的，我们不得而知。seem
to
do
sth.似乎要做某事，这里用不定式的完成式表示该动作已经发生过了。故填to
have
been。
【12题详解】
考查代词。句意：在古代，和今天一样，大多数男孩玩某些种类的玩具，而大多数女孩则玩其他种类的玩具。这里代指前面的复数名词toys，表示“其他种类的玩具”。故填others。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在大多数社会角色被严格规定的社区中，男孩按照他们父亲的活动来安排他们的游戏，而女孩正在为进入成人世界的角色和责任做准备，甚至在游戏中也是如此。句中先行词为communities，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。与故填where。
14题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：在大多数社会角色被严格规定的社区中，男孩按照他们父亲的活动来安排他们的游戏，而女孩正在为进入成人世界的角色和责任做准备，甚至在游戏中也是如此。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时；或表示动作正在进行，所以用现在进行时。主语girls与prepare之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are
being
prepared/are
prepared。
【15题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：在玩具的历史上，值得注意的不是它们在过去的几个世纪中发生了怎样的变化，而是它们保持了多少不变。本句为主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用what引导。故填What。
【16题详解】
考查连词。句意：在玩具的历史上，值得注意的不是它们在过去的几个世纪中发生了怎样的变化，而是它们保持了多少不变。前后句为转折关系，所以用转折词but。故填but。
【17题详解】
考查强调句。句意：令人惊奇的是，玩具在世界各地发展的普遍性，以及它们至今的持久性。本句为强调句，强调句结构为It
is
+
强调部分
+
that从句。本句强调主语the
universality
of
toys
with
regard
to
their
development
in
all
parts
of
the
world
and
their
persistence
to
the
present
。故填that。
【18题详解】
考查原因状语从句。句意：由于玩具模仿周围环境，所以变化取决于当地的风俗和生活方式。根据句意可知，前后句为因果关系，后句介绍变化的原因。故填because。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：因为玩具通常被视为一种艺术形式，它们不太可能受到技术飞跃的影响，而技术飞跃是成人发明的特征。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为technological
leaps，在从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that或which。
【20题详解】
考查代词。句意：然而，从公元前3000年婴儿使用的拨浪鼓到今天婴儿使用的拨浪鼓，并没有什么发明的特征。代词one为泛指，指代前面提到的rattle。故填one。
Section
B
(A)
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
tracking
B.
scale
C.
resembles
D.
implemented
AB.
associated
AC.
prescribedAD.
calculated
BC.
approximately
BD.
actually
CD.
experimenting
ABC.
participating
When
is
healthy
food
the
best
medicine?
When
it
is
free.
That
old
saying
“An
apple
a
day
keeps
the
doctor
away”
may
hold
some
truth.
In
fact,
one
study
found
that
in
2012,
almost
half
of
the
deaths
in
America
caused
by
heart
disease,
stroke,
and
type
2
diabetes
were
linked
to
poor
diet.
But
knowing
you
should
eat
healthfully
and
____21____
doing
it
are
two
different
things,
and
making
the
right
choice
isn’t
any
easier
when
a
pound
of
grapes
costs
more
than
twice
as
much
as
a
pound
of
pasta.
The
Fresh
Food
Pharmacy
aims
to
change
that.
A
pilot
program
created
by
the
Geisinger
Health
System,
a
hospital
network
in
Pennsylvania
and
southern
New
Jersey,
this
pharmacy
____22____
a
grocery
store
stocked
with
fresh
produce,
lean
meats,
canned
beans,
and
more.
Even
better,
it
is
all
free.
Under
the
program,
patients
with
type
2
diabetes
and
qualifying
income
are
____23____
a
week’
worth
of
food
for
their
entire
household,
and
dieticians
show
them
how
to
transform
it
into
healthy
meals.
After
the
first
year,
all
180
participants
had
improved
in
key
health
measurements,
in
particular
their
hemoglobin
A1c
levels
(HbA1c),
the
gold
standard
for
____24____
blood
sugar
control.
In
2012,
the
estimated
costs
____25____
with
diabetes
in
the
United
States
were
$245
billion.
Geisinger
spent
only
about
$1000
annually
on
each
food-pharmacy
patient.
David
Feinberg,
Geisinger’s
president
and
CEO,
____26____
that
“a
decrease
in
HbA1c
of
one
point
could
save
us
about
$8000.”
With
many
of
the
patients
dropping
three
points,
the
program
could
save
$24000
or
more
a
year
in
health-care
costs—as
well
as
reduce
the
risk
of
amputation,
blindness,
and
other
complications.
Geisinger
isn’t
the
only
organization
____27____
with
produce
prescriptions.
Nonprofits,
food
banks,
hospitals,
and
even
doctors’
offices
around
the
country
have
____28____
programs
that
bring
the
“food
is
medicine”
concept
to
life.
Boston
Medical
Center’s
Preventive
Food
Pantry
was
the
first
such
program
in
the
country
when
it
opened
in
2001.
Today
it
serves
____29____
7000
patients
a
month.
In
2010,
the
nonprofit
organization
Wholesome
Wave
started
the
Fruit
and
Vegetable
Rx
program.
Doctors
give
each
family
member
$1
per
day
to
spend
at
a
_____30_____
farmers’
market
or
grocery
store.
The
program
has
helped
more
than
11000
low-income
patients.
【答案】21.
BD
22.
C
23.
AC
24.
A
25.
AB
26.
AD
27.
CD
28.
D
29.
BC
30.
ABC
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国一家药房创建的一个试点项目，指导患者健康饮食，让患者减少医疗费用。
【21题详解】
考查副词。句意：但知道健康饮食和实际行动是两码事，当一磅葡萄的价格是一磅意大利面的两倍多时，做出正确的选择并不容易。修饰动词doing，用副词形式。副词actually，意为“实际上”。故选BD。
【22题详解】
考查动词。句意：由宾夕法尼亚州和新泽西州南部的医院网络盖辛格健康系统(Geisinger
Health
System)创建的试点项目，这家药店就像一家杂货店，里面存放着新鲜农产品、瘦肉、罐装豆类等等。句中缺少谓语动词，根据文章时态可知，用一般现在时。主语this
pharmacy为单数，所以用第三人称单数形式。动词resemble，意为“像”。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词。句意：在这个项目中，2型糖尿病患者和有资格收入的人被要求为他们的整个家庭提供相当于一周的食物，营养学家向他们展示如何将其转化为健康的食物。句中主语patients与prescribe为被动关系，所以用被动语态，根据句中are可知，用动词的过去分词形式。动词prescribed，意为“开处方，指示”。故选AC。
【24题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：第一年之后，所有180名参与者的主要健康指标都有所改善，特别是他们的糖化血红蛋白水平(HbA1c)，这是跟踪血糖控制的黄金标准。介词for后接动名词形式。动词track，意为“跟踪”。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2012年，美国与糖尿病相关的费用估计为2450亿美元。be
associated
with与……相联系，在句中作定语，修饰名词costs，所以用过去分词形式。故选AB。
【26题详解】
考查动词。句意：盖辛格的总裁兼首席执行官大卫·范伯格(David
Feinberg)计算出“糖化血红蛋白水平每下降1点，就可以为我们节省约8000美元。”句中缺少谓语动词，且陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。动词calculate，意为“计算”。故选AD。
【27题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：盖辛格并不是唯一一个尝试生产处方的组织。名词organization与experiment之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。动词experiment，意为“尝试”。故选CD。
【28题详解】
考查动词。句意：全国各地的非营利组织、食品银行、医院、甚至医生办公室都实施了一些项目，将“食品即药物”的理念付诸实践。根据句中have可知，用完成时，所以用动词的过去分词形式。动词implement，意为“实施”。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查副词。句意：如今，它每月为大约7000名患者提供服务。修饰动词serves，用副词形式。副词approximately，意为“大约”。故选BC。
【30题详解】
考查形容词。句意：医生每天给每个家庭成员1美元，让他们在参与的农贸市场或杂货店消费。修饰名词farmers’
market
or
grocery
store，用形容词形式。形容词participating，意为“一起参加的”。故选ABC。
(B)
Directions:
Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
words
in
the
box.
Each
word
can
only
be
used
once.
Note
that
there
is
one
word
more
than
you
need.
A.
demand
B.
celebrity
C.
species
D.
evolutionary
AB.
remarkable
AC.
elaborateAD.
note
BC.
colonizing
BD.
establishing
CD.
popularity
ABC.
hunger
This
is
a
story
about
a
book
that
just
kept
selling,
catching
publishers,
booksellers
and
even
its
author
off
guard.
The
book
is
Sapiens,
by
the
Israeli
academic
Yuval
Noah
Harari,
published
in
the
UK
in
September
2014.
It
is
a
recondite(深奥的)
work
of____31____
history
charting
the
development
of
humankind
through
a
scholarly
examination
of
our
ability
to
cooperate
as
a
____32____.
Sapiens
sold
well
on
publication,
particularly
when
it
came
out
in
paperback
in
the
summer
of
2015.
What
is
____33____
about
it,
though,
is
that
it’s
still
selling
in
vast
numbers.
Sapiens
has
sold
a
further
half
million
copies,
____34____
itself
firmly
at
the
top
of
the
bestseller
lists.
The
book’s
wild
success
is
symptomatic
of
a
broader
trend
in
our
book-buying
habits:
an
increase
in
the
____35____
of
intelligent,
challenging
nonfiction
often
books
that
are
several
years
old.
It
was
trade
publication,
the
Bookseller,
that
was
the
first
to
____36____
the
rise
of
what
it
called
the
“brainy
backlist”.
It
also
highlighted
a
fall
in
the
sales
of
the
books
that
had
been
such
a
staple(必需)
of
publishers’
catalogues—____37____
biographies.
We
are
turning
away
from
exciting
but
disposable
stories
of
fame
towards
more
serious,
thoughtful,
quiet
books
that
help
us
understand
our
place
in
the
world.
Mark
Richards,
publisher
at
John
Murray
Press,
sees
the
return
to
serious
works
of
nonfiction
as
a
response
to
the
spirit
of
the
age.
“People
have
a
____38____
both
for
information
and
facts,
and
for
exploration
of
issues,
of
a
sort
that
books
are
in
a
prime
position
to
provide.”
he
says.
In
the
end,
the
story
of
Sapiens
is
about
a
book
becoming
part
of
a
national
conversation.
At
a
time
when
politics
is
more
furious(愤怒)
and
fragmented(破碎的)
than
ever,
when
technology
is
____39____
our
everyday
existence,
when
medicine
is
reshaping
our
lives,
we
still
look
to
books
to
make
sense
of
things,
to
feel
ourselves
part
of
a
great
communal
effort
to
understand
our
age.
These
are
serious
time
and
they
_____40_____
serious,
intelligent
and
challenging
books.
【答案】31.
D
32.
C
33.
AB
34.
BD
35.
CD
36.
AD
37.
B
38.
ABC
39.
BC
40.
A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了畅销书《人类简史》为何会成为现象级出版物。
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这是一部关于进化史的深奥作品，通过从学术视角检验人类作为一个物种所具有的协作能力，记录了人类的发展。空处应填一个形容词作定语，修饰名词history；结合句意及“charting
the
development
of
humankind”可知，evolutionary“进化的”符合语境。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词。句意：这是一部关于进化史的深奥作品，通过从学术视角检验人类作为一个物种所具有的协作能力，记录了人类的发展。空处应填名词作宾语；结合句意可知，species“物种”符合语境。故选C项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词。句意：然而，值得注意的是，它仍在大量销售。空处应填一个形容词作表语；结合句意和“it’s
still
selling
in
vast
numbers”可知，remarkable“卓越的，值得注意的”符合语境。故选AB项。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：《人类简史》已加售五十万册，确立了冠军畅销书的位置。空处应填动词的非谓语形式；结合句意可知，establish“确立”符合题意，动词establish和逻辑主语Sapiens之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故选BD项。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：该书的巨大成功反应了我们购书习惯中的一个更广泛的趋势，那就是智慧类的、具有挑战性的非虚构作品受到追捧，销量突增，且这些作品通常已经出版几年了。空处应填一个名词作宾语；结合句意及“The
book’s
wild
success”可知，popularity“流行，普及”符合语境。故选CD项。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：贸易出版杂志
Bookseller
是第一个注意到此类图书的崛起的，它将其称为“烧脑存书目录”。空前的to是不定式符号，故空处应填一个动词原形；结合句意可知，note“注意”符合语境。故选AD项。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：该杂志同时也强调，出版商们的常年主打书目——名人传记类书籍的销量随之下降了。结合句意可知，celebrity“名人”符合语境，作定语修饰名词biographies。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：他说：“人们渴望信息和真相，也渴求对议题进行探索，想要满足这种渴求，书籍是不二之选。”空处应填一个名词作宾语；结合句意可知，hunger“渴望”符合语境。故选ABC项。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：在一个政治活动比以往任何时候都怒不可遏和支离破碎的时代，在一个科技殖民着我们的日常生活的时代，在一个医学重塑着我们的生命的时代，我们仍然盼望着书本能帮助我们理解万物，能让我们感觉自己是群体努力的一份子，帮助我们去理解所处的时代。空处所在句式和后面的when
medicine
is
reshaping
our
lives一致，所以空处应填动词的现在分词形式；结合句意可知，colonizing“开始殖民”符合语境。故选BC项。
【40题详解】
考查动词。句意：这是严肃的时代，它们需要严肃的、有智慧的、有挑战性的书本与之呼应。分析句子可知，空处是谓语动词，句子时态是一般现在时，主语是they，故空处填动词原形；结合句意可知，demand“需要”符合语境。故选A项。
III.
Reading
Comprehension
（30+30）
Section
A.
Directions:
For
each
blank
in
the
following
passage
there
are
four
words
or
phrases
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Fill
in
each
blank
with
the
word
or
phrase
that
best
fits
the
context.
(A)
In
the
United
States,
there
have
been
no
deaths
from
commercial
airline
accidents
since
2013.
In
fact,
for
decades,
there
has
been
a
general
____41____
trend
in
the
number
of
accidents
per
departure.
Complex
systems
are
more
likely
to
suffer
from
failures,
but
commercial
aviation
(航空)
seems
to
be
a(n)
_____42_____.
Since
the
1960s,
U.S.
commercial
aviation
has
become
significantly
more
complex,
and
yet,
flying
has
become
safer.
What
lies
behind
this
remarkable
trend
is
a
handful
of
smart
approaches
to____43____.
Here
are
two
of
them.
1.
Teach
people
to
speak
up—and
to
listen
A
common
error
during
airplane
accidents
used
to
be
the
____44____
of
first
officers
to
question
the
captain’s
poor
decisions.
When
the
captain
was
flying
the
airplane,
he
was
hard
to
challenge,
and
his
mistakes
went
____45____.
All
this
began
to
change
in
the
late
1970s
with
a
training
program
known
as
Crew
Resource
Management
(CRM).
The
program
revolutionized
the
____46____
not
just
of
the
cockpit
(机舱)
but
also
of
the
whole
industry.
It
reframed
safety
as
a
____47____
issue
and
put
all
crew
members
on
more
equal
footing.
It
was
no
longer
____48____
to
question
the
decisions
of
a
superior;
it
was
required.
And
CRM
taught
crew
members
the
language
of
disagreement.
The
lesson
isn’t
simply
that
people
lower
down
in
the
____49____
should
speak
up
and
higher-ups
should
listen.
What
CRM
has
shown
is
that
people
can
be
taught
to
speak
up
and
to
listen.
The
ability
to
express
and
embrace
______50______
isn’t
hardwired
in
our
personality
or
cultural
background;
it’s
a
skill
we
can
learn.
2
Learn
from
small
failures
and
close
calls
In
1976,
the
US
Federal
Aviation
Administration
created
an
industry-wide
system
to
collect
safety
reports.
The
Aviation
Safety
Reporting
System
(ASRS)
collects
thousands
of
reports
each
month.
Beyond
receiving
immunity
(豁免权)
for
a
mistake,
it’s
a
point
of
______51______
for
pilots
to
submit
ASRS
reports.
They
know
the
reports
make
air
travel
safer.
The
reports
are
stored
in
a
searchable
database
that
anyone
can______52______,
and
National
Aeronautics
and
Space
Administration
(NASA)
highlights
safety
trends
in
its
monthly
newsletter,
Callback.
Here,
too,
there
is
a
______53______
lesson.
Small
mistakes
and
near
misses
can
be
a
rich
source
of
data
about
what
might
______54______
in
our
system.
Mistakes
shouldn’t
be
______55______.
By
openly
sharing
stories
of
failures
and
near
failures,
we
can
treat
errors
as
an
opportunity
to
learn.
41.
A.
similar
B.
steady
C.
long-term
D.
downward
42.
A.
example
B.
exception
C.
symbol
D.
alternative
43.
A.
assessment
B.
management
C.
competition
D.
contribution
44.
A.
failure
B.
effort
C.
pressure
D.
convenience
45.
A.
predictable
B.
imaginary
C.
unchecked
D.
incomplete
46.
A.
staff
B.
structure
C.
culture
D.
concern
47.
A.
team
B.
state
C.
side
D.
policy
48.
A.
immoral
B.
unnecessary
C.
disrespectful
D.
inconvenient
49.
A.
age
B.
position
C.
salary
D.
attractiveness
50.
A.
excitement
B.
discomfort
C.
respect
D.
disagreement
51.
A.
pride
B.
sacrifice
C.
entertainment
D.
intelligence
52.
A.
create
B.
afford
C.
analyze
D.
access
53.
A.
broader
B.
clearer
C.
more
bitter
D.
more
costly
54.
A.
break
out
B.
go
wrong
C.
take
shape
D.
slow
down
55.
A.
obstacles
B.
failures
C.
experiments
D.
secrets
【答案】41.
D
42.
B
43.
B
44.
A
45.
C
46.
C
47.
A
48.
C
49.
B
50.
D
51.
A
52.
D
53.
A
54.
B
55.
D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在美国，自2013年以来，没有商业航空事故造成死亡以及导致事故数量一直呈下降趋势背后的两条明智的管理方法。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，几十年来，每次出发的事故数量一直呈下降趋势。A.
similar类似的；B.
steady稳定的；C.
long-term长期的；D.
downward向下的。根据前文
“there
have
been
no
deaths
from
commercial
airline
accidents
since
2013.”(自2013年以来，没有商业航空事故造成死亡。)
可知，事故数量一直呈下降趋势。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：复杂的系统更容易遭受失败,但商业航空似乎是一个例外。A.
example示例；B.
exception例外；C.
symbol象征；D.
alternative替代物。根据上文
“Complex
systems
are
more
likely
to
suffer
from
failures,
but”(复杂的系统更容易遭受失败,但)
可知，与上文构成转折，所以商业航空似乎是一个例外。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一引人注目的趋势背后，是一些明智的管理方法。A.
assessment评估；B.
management管理；C.
competition竞争；D.
contribution贡献。根据下文
“Here
are
two
of
them.”(这里是其中的两个)
、
“Teach
people
to
speak
up—and
to
listen”(教人们大声的表达不同意见，并学会倾听)及“Learn
from
small
failures
and
close
calls”(从小的失败和险情中学习)可知，下文是提到的两种主要管理方法，所以导致事故下降的趋势背后，是因为有一些明智的管理方法。故选B项。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在飞机事故中一个常见的错误是副驾驶没能质疑机长的错误决定。A.
failure失败；B.
effort努力；
C.
pressure压力；
D.
convenience方便。根据下文
“When
the
captain
was
flying
the
airplane,
he
was
hard
to
challenge”(当机长驾驶飞机时，他很难被质疑)
可知，副驾驶没能质疑机长的错误决定。故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当机长驾驶飞机时，他很难被质疑，他的错误没有得到控制。A.
predictable可预测的；B.
imaginary假想的；C.
unchecked未受约束的；D.
incomplete不完整的。根据前文“When
the
captain
was
flying
the
airplane,
he
was
hard
to
challenge”(当机长驾驶飞机时，他很难被质疑)
可知，机长驾驶飞机时，他的错误没有得到控制。故选C项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：项目不仅彻底改变了机舱的文化,还改变了整个行业。A.
staff员工；B.
structure结构；C.
culture文化；D.
concern担忧。根据下文
“It
was
no
longer
8
to
question
the
decisions
of
a
superior;
it
was
required.
And
CRM
taught
crew
members
the
language
of
disagreement.”(质疑上级的决定不再是不尊重;这是必需的。CRM教会了机组人员表达分歧的语言。)
可知，项目彻底改变了机舱的文化。故选C项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它将安全重新定义为一个团队问题，并将所有机组人员置于更平等的地位。A.
team团队；B.
state状态；C.
side方面；D.
policy政策。根据下文
“and
put
all
crew
members
on
more
equal
footing.”(并将所有机组人员置于更平等的地位。)
可知，安全是一个团队问题而不是个人问题。故选A项。
【48题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：质疑上级的决定不再是不尊重;这是必需的。A.
immoral不道德的；B.
unnecessary不必要的；C.
disrespectful不尊重的；D.
inconvenient不便的。根据前文“and
put
all
crew
members
on
more
equal
footing.”(并将所有机组人员置于更平等的地位。)及后文“it
was
required.”(这是必需的。)可知，人人是平等的，质疑上级的决定不再被认为对上级的不尊重。故选C项。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个教训不仅仅是低层的人应该畅所欲言，高层应该倾听。A.
age年龄；B.
position职位；
C.
salary薪水；D.
attractiveness吸引力。根据下文
“and
higher-ups
should
listen.”(高层应该倾听。)
可知，此处指职位低的，低层的人。故选B项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：表达和接纳不同意见的能力并非与生俱来于我们的个性或文化背景中;这是一种我们可以学习的技能。A.
excitement兴奋；B.
discomfort不适；C.
respect尊重；D.
disagreement分歧。根据下文
“And
CRM
taught
crew
members
the
language
of
disagreement.”(CRM教会了所有机组人员表达分歧的语言。)
可知，此处指表达和接纳不同意见的能力。故选D项。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了接受豁免权的错误,
对于一名飞行员来说提交航空安全系统的报告是他的一个骄傲。A.
pride骄傲；B.
sacrifice牺牲；C.
entertainment娱乐；D.
intelligence情报。根据上文
“In
1976,
the
US
Federal
Aviation
Administration
created
an
industry-wide
system
to
collect
safety
reports.”(1976年，美国联邦航空管理局创建了一个全行业系统来收集安全报告。)
可知，对于一名飞行员来说该系统提交航空安全系统的报告是他的骄傲。故选A项。
【52题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些报告存储在一个任何人都可以访问的可搜索数据库中，美国国家航空航天局在其每月通讯《回调》中强调了安全趋势。A.
create创建；
B.
afford负担；C.
analyze分析；D.
access访问。根据上文
“The
reports
are
stored
in
a
searchable
database”(这些报告存储在可搜索数据库中。)
可知，此处指任何人都可以访问的可搜索数据库。故选D项。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在这一点上，还有一个更广泛的教训。A.
broader更广泛的；B.
clearer更清晰的；C.
more
bitter更苦的；D.
more
costly更昂贵的。根据下文
内容可知，此处指更广泛的教训。故选A项。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：小错误和近距离的失误可以为我们的系统中可能出现的错误提供丰富的数据来源。A.
break
out打破；B.
go
wrong出错；C.
take
shape成形；D.
slow
down慢下来。根据上文
“Small
mistakes
and
near
misses
can
be
a
rich
source
of
data”(小错误和近距离的失误可以为我们的系统提供丰富的数据来源。)
可知，此处指为我们的系统中可能出现的错误提供丰富的数据来源。故选B项。
【55题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：错误不应该是秘密。A.
obstacles障碍；B.
failures失败；C.
experiments实验；D.
secrets秘密。根据下文
“By
openly
sharing
stories
of
failures
and
near
failures,
we
can
treat
errors
as
an
opportunity
to
learn.”(通过公开分享失败或接近失败的故事，我们可以把错误视为一个学习的机会。)
可知，此处表示我们不应该将错误当成秘密而应该视为一个学习的机会。故选D项。
(B)
Space
exploration
has
always
been
the
province
of
____56____:
The
human
imagination
readily
soars
where
human
ingenuity
(创造力)
____57____
to
follow.
A
Voyage
to
the
Moon,
often
cited
as
the
first
science
fiction
story,
was
written
by
Cyrano
de
Bergerac
in
1649.
Cyrano
was
dead
and
buried
for
a
good
three
centuries
before
the
first
manned
rockets
started
to
fly.
In
1961,
when
President
Kennedy
declared
that
America
would
send
a
man
to
the
moon
by
the
decade’s
end,
those
words,
too,
had
a
dreamlike
quality.
They
resonated
(共鸣)
with
____58____
and
ambition
in
much
the
same
way
as
the
most
famous
____59____
speech
of
all,
delivered
by
Martin
Luther
King
Jr.
two
years
later.
By
the
end
of
the
decade,
both
visions
had
yielded
concrete
results
and
____60____
American
society.
And
yet
in
many
ways
the
two
dreams
ended
up
in
____61____
with
each
other.
The
fight
for
racial
and
economic
equality
is
intensely
pragmatic
(讲求实用的)
and
immediate
in
its
impact.
The
urge
to
explore
space
is
just
the
opposite
.It
is
figuratively
and
literally
otherworldly(超现实的)
in
its
____62____.
When
the
dust
settled,
the
space
dreamers
lost
out.
There
was
no
grand
follow-up
to
the
Apollo
missions.
The
technologically
compromised
space
shuttle
program
has
just
come
to
an
end,
with
no
____63____.
The
perpetual(不断的)
argument
is
that
____64____
are
tight,
that
we
have
more
pressing
problems
here
on
Earth.
Amid
the
current
concerns
about
the
federal
deficit(赤字),
reaching
toward
the
stars
seems
a
dispensable
luxury--
_____65_____
saving
one-thousandth
of
a
single
year’s
budget
would
solve
our
problems.
But
human
ingenuity
struggles
on.
NASA
is
developing
a
series
of
robotic
probes
that
will
get
the
most
bang
for
a
buck.
They
will
serve
as
modern
Magellans,
_____66_____
out
the
solar
system
for
whatever
explorers
follow,
whether
man
or
machine.
On
the
flip
side,
companies
like
Virgin
Galactic
are
plotting
a
bottom-up
attack
on
the
space
dream
by
making
it
a
reality
to
the
public.
Private
spaceflight
could
lie
within
reach
of
rich
civilians
in
a
few
years.
Another
decade
or
two
and
it
could
go
_____67_____.
The
space
dreamers
end
up
_____68_____
all
of
us--
not
just
because
of
the
way
they
expand
human
knowledge,
or
because
of
the
spin-off
technologies
they
produce,
but
because
the
two
types
of
dreams
feed
off
each
other.
Both
Martin
Luther
King
and
John
Kennedy
appealed
to
the
idea
that
humans
can
go
beyond
what
were
once
considered
inherent
_____69_____.
Today
we
face
seeming
challenges
in
energy,
the
environment,
health
care.
Tomorrow
we
will
transcend(超越)
these
as
well,
and
the
dreamers
will
deserve
a
lot
of
the
credit.
The
more
evidence
we
collect
that
our
species
is
_____70_____
of
greatness,
the
more
we
will
actually
achieve
it.
56.
A.
dreamers
B.
explorers
C.
astronomers
D.
novelists
57.
A.
expects
B.
struggles
C.
observes
D.
explores
58.
A.
reputation
B.
emotion
C.
challenge
D.
optimism
59.
A.
liberty
B.
public
C.
dream
D.
freedom
60.
A.
attacked
B.
industrialized
C.
transformed
D.
accessed
61.
A.
conflict
B.
line
C.
contrary
D.
parallel
62.
A.
aims
B.
paces
C.
concerns
D.
terms
63.
A.
ancestor
B.
successor
C.
forefather
D.
advocate
64.
A.
situations
B.
securities
C.
funds
D.
schedules
65.
A.
even
if
B.
in
case
C.
as
if
D.
so
that
66.
A.
finding
B.
figuring
C.
sweeping
D.
mapping
67.
A.
mainstream
B.
foreign
C.
service
D.
sale
68.
A.
informing
B.
challenging
C.
benefiting
D.
cultivating
69.
A.
limitations
B.
qualities
C.
technology
D.
knowledge
70.
A.
ignorant
B.
capable
C.
conscious
D.
proud
【答案】56.
A
57.
B
58.
D
59.
C
60.
C
61.
A
62.
A
63.
B
64.
C
65.
C
66.
D
67.
A
68.
C
69.
A
70.
B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。作者认为太空探索一直都是梦想家的领域，它激发了人类的想象力和创造力。
【56题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：太空探索一直是梦想家的领地:人类的创造力努力追随的地方，人类的想象力随时可以展翅高飞。A.
dreamers
梦想家；B.
explorers
探险家；C.
astronomers
天文学家；D.
novelists小说家。根据后文“The
human
imagination
readily
soars
where
human
ingenuity
(创造力)
____2____
to
follow.”可知，太空探索是“梦想家”的领域。且下文的“When
the
dust
settled,
the
space
dreamers
lost
out.”也是暗示。故选A。
【57题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：太空探索一直是梦想家的领地:人类的创造力努力追随的地方，人类的想象力随时可以展翅高飞。A.
expects
期盼；B.
struggles
挣扎，奋斗；C.
observes
遵守，观察；D.
explores探索。结合常识和第2空前后“where
human
ingenuity
(创造力)
____2____
to
follow”可知，此处指“努力”追随。故选B。
【58题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些演讲中充满了乐观和雄心，与两年后马丁·路德·金(Martin
Luther
King
Jr.)最著名的梦想演讲如出一辙。A.
reputation名声；B.
emotion情感；C.
challenge挑战；D.
optimism乐观主义。根据上文的“In
1961,
when
President
Kennedy
declared
that
America
would
send
a
man
to
the
moon
by
the
decade’s
end”和第3空前后“They
resonated
(共鸣)
with
____3____
and
ambition
in
much
the
same
way”可知，此处指马丁·路德·金和肯尼迪总统一样“乐观”和有雄心。故选D。
【59题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些演讲中充满了乐观和雄心，与两年后马丁·路德·金(Martin
Luther
King
Jr.)最著名的梦想演讲如出一辙。A.
liberty自由；B.
public公众；C.
dream梦想；D.
freedom自由。根据常识和第4空后的“speech
of
all,
delivered
by
Martin
Luther
King
Jr.
two
years
later.”可知，此处指最著名的“自由”演讲。故选C。
【60题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到十年结束时，这两种愿景都产生了具体的成果，改变了美国社会。
A.
attacked攻击，侵害；B.
industrialized使工业化；C.
transformed转换，转变；D.
accessed接近。根据常识和上文的“both
visions
had
yielded
concrete
results”可知，此处指探索太空和自由这两种愿景的实现“改变”了美国社会。故选C。
【61题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在很多方面，这两个梦最终都以相互冲突而告终。争取种族和经济平等的斗争是非常务实的，其影响是直接的。A.
conflict冲突；B.
line路线；C.
contrary相反；D.
parallel平行线。根据下文的“The
fight
for
racial
and
economic
equality
is
intensely
pragmatic
(讲求实用的)
and
immediate
in
its
impact.
The
urge
to
explore
space
is
just
the
opposite
.”可知，这两个梦想彼此之是“冲突”。故选A。
【62题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的目的是象征和字面上的超凡脱俗。
A.
aims目的；B.
paces步调；C.
concerns关心；
D.
terms地位，关系。根据第7空前一句“The
urge
to
explore
space
is
just
the
opposite
.”可知，此处指探索的“目的”。故选A。
【63题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在技术上受到损害的航天飞机项目刚刚结束，没有继任者。A.
ancestor
祖先；B.
successor继承者；C.
forefather前辈；D.
advocate拥护者。
根据下文的“Amid
the
current
concerns
about
the
federal
deficit(赤字),
reaching
toward
the
stars
seems
a
dispensable
luxury”可知，财政赤字让太空探索成了一个奢侈，由此可知太空探索暂时没有后续计划，即“继承者”。故选B。
【64题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一直以来的争论是资金紧张，我们在地球上有更紧迫的问题。A.
situations境况；B.
securities担保，保证人；C.
funds资金，现金；D.
schedules
时间表。根据下文的“Amid
the
current
concerns
about
the
federal
deficit(赤字),
reaching
toward
the
stars
seems
a
dispensable
luxury--
10
saving
one-thousandth
of
a
single
year’s
budget
would
solve
our
problems.”可知，此处谈到了财政赤字，由此推知“资金”紧张。故选C。
【65题详解】
考查状语从句连接词。句意：在目前对联邦赤字的担忧中，向星星伸出援助之手似乎是一种可有可无的奢侈——似乎节省一年预算的千分之一就能解决我们的问题。A.
even
if即使；B.
in
case
万一；C.
as
if好像；D.
so
that为了。根据句意可知，此处指人们认为似乎用太空探索预算的千分之一就能解决财政赤字问题，用as
if引导的方式状语从句符合语境。故选C。
【66题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它们将充当现代麦哲伦的角色，为探险者(无论是人类还是机器)绘制太阳系的地图。A.
finding
发现；B.
figuring计算；C.
sweeping扫除；D.
mapping绘制。根据第11空后的“out
the
solar
system
for
whatever
explorers
follow.”可知，此处指“绘制”太阳系的地图，以供后来者参考。故选D。
【67题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：再过一、二十年，它可能会成为主流。A.
mainstream主流；B.
foreign外国；C.
service服务；D.
sale销售。根据上文的“Private
spaceflight
could
lie
within
reach
of
rich
civilians
in
a
few
years.”可知，此处指私人太空飞行以后会成为“主流”。故选A。
【68题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：太空梦想家们最终使我们所有人受益——不仅仅是因为他们拓展人类知识的方式，或者是因为他们产生的副产品技术，而是因为这两种梦想相互依存。
A.
informing通知；B.
challenging挑战；C.
benefiting有利于；D.
cultivating培养。根据第13空前后“The
space
dreamers
end
up
____13____
all
of
us--
not
just
because
of
the
way
they
expand
human
knowledge,”可知，此处指“有利于”我们所有的人。
故选C。
【69题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：马丁·路德·金(Martin
Luther
King)和约翰·肯尼迪(John
Kennedy)都主张，人类可以超越曾经被认为是固有的局限。
A.
limitations局限性；B.
qualities
品质；C.
technology技术；D.
knowledge知识。根据第14空下文“Today
we
face
seeming
challenges
in
energy,
the
environment,
health
care.
Tomorrow
we
will
transcend(超越)
these
as
well,
and
the
dreamers
will
deserve
a
lot
of
the
credit.”可知，此处指被人为的固有的“局限”。故选A。
【70题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们收集的证据越多，我们就越能实现我们的伟大。A.
ignorant无知的；B.
capable有能力的；C.
conscious意识到的；D.
proud自豪的。根据第15空前后“The
more
evidence
we
collect”可知，此处指“有能力”去实现。固定短语：be
capable
of“能够，有能力”。故选B。
Section
B
Directions:
Read
the
following
three
passages.
Each
passage
is
followed
by
several
questions
or
unfinished
statements.
For
each
of
them
there
are
four
choices
marked
A,
B,
C
and
D.
Choose
the
one
that
fits
best
according
to
the
information
given
in
the
passage
you
have
just
read.
(A)
The
bus
screamed
to
a
stop
in
Nazareth,
Israel.
Five
Australian
backpackers
boarded
and
struck
up
a
conversation
with
me.
They
asked
typical
travelers’
questions—where
was
I
going
and
why
was
I
traveling
alone?
My
plan
was
to
travel
with
a
friend
of
a
friend,
I
explained,
but
when
I
called
her
that
morning,
she
didn’t
pick
up
and
I
had
no
other
way
to
reach
her.
My
stomach
was
in
knots,
but
I
decided
to
head
out
anyway,
thinking
I
might
run
into
her
if
I
traveled
to
Tiberius,
where
we
had
planned
to
go
together.
“Why
don’t
you
travel
with
us?”
one
of
the
backpackers
offered.
They
were
experienced
adventurers
who
would
work
for
a
few
months,
save,
then
travel
for
as
long
as
they
could.
Their
current
plan
was
to
explore
the
Middle
East
and
Europe
in
three
months
while
working
in
London.
It
seemed
risky
to
travel
with
strangers,
but
my
instinct
said
yes.
For
the
next
two
weeks,
I
explored
Israel
with
the
backpackers
and
learned
to
trust
my
instincts
in
all
types
of
new
and
interesting
situations.
When
they
hook
a
ride,
I
took
the
bus,
but
when
they
wanted
to
steal
into
the
King
David
Hotel’s
swimming
pool,
I
led
the
way.
The
world
opened
up
to
me
because
I
chose
to
travel
alone.
I
joined
complete
strangers,
who
become
close
friends.
Years
later,
one
couple
from
the
backpacking
group
even
flew
from
Sydney
to
Phoenix
to
be
in
my
wedding.
The
trip
was
such
a
special
experience
that
it
gave
me
confidence
in
all
areas
of
my
life.
Since
then,
I’ve
backpacked
alone
across
South
Africa,
sky-dived
from
12,000
feet
in
New
Zealand
and
even
moved
across
the
U.S.
with
no
job
lined
up.
On
my
third
day
wandering
in
Israel
with
my
new
friends,
I
bumped
into
the
woman
I
was
supposed
to
meet.
Though
I
was
happy
she
was
all
right,
I
was
grateful
she
hadn’t
picked
up
the
phone.
71.
By
“My
stomach
was
in
knots”
(in
paragraph
1),
the
author
most
likely
means
that
she
was
______.
A.
sick
of
riding
on
a
bumpy
bus
B.
nervous
of
meeting
strangers
C.
upset
about
the
sudden
change
D.
sorry
about
the
impractical
plan
72.
Which
of
the
following
best
describes
the
backpackers
the
author
met?
A.
Courageous
but
disrespectful.
B.
Jobless
and
poorly
educated.
C.
Warmhearted
and
trustworthy.
D.
Homeless
but
lighthearted.
73.
The
author’s
sixth
sense
told
her
that
______.
A.
she
would
get
along
with
the
backpackers
B.
it
might
cause
trouble
to
have
a
swim
C.
she
ought
to
stay
away
from
the
backpackers
D.
it
could
add
excitement
to
get
a
free
ride
74.
What
can
be
inferred
from
the
passage?
A.
Most
of
the
backpackers
became
the
author’s
lifelong
friends.
B.
The
author
gathered
the
courage
to
be
a
fulltime
backpack
traveler.
C.
The
woman
missed
the
phone
call
with
the
purpose
of
traveling
alone.
D.
The
author
considered
it
the
best
decision
of
her
life
to
travel
on
her
own.
【答案】71.
C
72.
C
73.
A
74.
D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。作者原本与朋友约好去旅游，却被放了鸽子，她决定一个人去。途中她遇见了五个背包客，这些背包客邀请她一起去旅游，她和这些人一起经历了美好的几天，并和他们成了好朋友。
【71题详解】
推理判断题。根据前文“My
plan
was
to
travel
with
a
friend
of
a
friend,
I
explained,
but
when
I
called
her
that
morning,
she
didn’t
pick
up
and
I
had
no
other
way
to
reach
her.”可知作者被朋友放鸽子了，被放鸽子肯定是失望的，C项（因为突然的变化而感到沮丧的）最符合作者此时的心情，所以选C。
【72题详解】
推理判断题。根据““Why
don’t
you
travel
with
us?”
one
of
the
backpackers
offered”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游，说明他们很热心；根据“
They
were
experienced
adventurers
who
would
work
for
a
few
months,
save,
then
travel
for
as
long
as
they
could”可知这些背包客旅游经验很丰富，所以是值得信任的，综合选C。
【73题详解】
推理判断题。根据“It
seemed
risky
to
travel
with
strangers,
but
my
instinct
said
yes.”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游时，她的本能（instinct）也就是第六感说了“好”，也就是说她的第六感让她相信她能和这些背包客相处的很好，才会答应他们的邀请，故选A。
【74题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The
world
opened
up
to
me
because
I
chose
to
travel
alone.”可知作者觉得自己选择一个人旅游让自己看到了更大的世界，再结合最后一句“Though
I
was
happy
she
was
all
right,
I
was
grateful
she
hadn’t
picked
up
the
phone.”可知作者庆幸她的朋友没有接她的电话。由此可以判断作者认为自己选择一个人去旅行是一个很好的决定，故选D。
(B)
Families
should
reduce
exposure
to
synthetic
chemicals
found
in
food
colorings,
preservatives
and
packaging
materials
as
a
growing
body
of
research
shows
they
may
harm
children’s
health,
according
to
a
policy
statement
and
technical
report
from
the
American
Academy
of
Pediastrics
released
online.
The
statement
also
suggests
improvements
to
the
food
additives
regulatory
system,
including
updating
the
scientific
foundation
of
the
U.S.
Food
and
Drug
Administrations
safety
assessment
retesting
all
previously
approved
chemicals.
Leonard
Trasande
,the
author
of
the
policy
statement,
to
tell
us
more
about
these
concerns.
Q:
What
are
the
growing
number
of
studies
showing
us?
A:
Over
the
past
two
decades,
an
accumulating
body
of
science
suggests
some
food
additives
can
interfere
with
a
child’s
hormones,
growth
and
development.
Potentially
harmful
effects
of
food
additives
are
of
special
concern
for
children
because
they
are
more
sensitive
to
chemical
exposures
because
they
eat
and
drink
more
relative
to
body
weight,
than
adults
do
and
are
still
growing
and
developing.
An
early
injury
to
their
organ
systems
can
have
lifelong
and
permanent
consequences.
Q:
What
additives
does
the
statement
highlight?
A:
The
additives
of
most
concern,
based
on
rising
research
evidence
cited
in
the
report,
include:
Bisphenols,
such
as
BPA,
used
to
harden
plastic
containers
and
line
metal
cans,
can
act
like
estrogen（雌激素）in
the
body
which
may
potentially
change
the
timing
of
puberty,
decrease
fertility,
increase
body
fat
and
affect
the
nervous
and
immune
systems.
BPA
is
now
banned
in
baby
bottles.
Phthalates,
which
make
plastic
and
vinyl
tubes
used
in
industrial
food
production
flexible,
may
affect
male
genital
development
increase
childhood
obesity
and
contribute
to
cardiovascular
disease.
In
2017,
the
Consumer
Product
Safety
Commission
banned
the
use
or
some
phthalates
in
child-care
products
such
as
teething
rings.
75.
According
to
the
American
Academy
of
Pediatric’s
report,
people
should
___
to
cope
with
the
problem
of
food
additives.
A.
try
to
avoid
food
additives
in
daily
life
and
revise
relevant
rules
on
food
additives
B.
update
the
food
safety
assessment
program
and
check
the
approved
chemicals
again
C.
improve
the
food
additives
regulatory
system
and
retest
all
approved
chemicals
D.
reduce
the
usage
of
food
additives
and
establish
new
food
protection
system
76.
Leonardo
Trasande
holds
the
view
that
food
additives
do
more
harm
to
children
than
adults
because
study
shows
___.
A.
children
are
more
sensitive
to
what
they
eat
and
drink
than
adults
B.
children
usually
eat
and
drink
more
unhealthy
food
than
adults
C.
children
are
just
too
young
and
weak
to
protect
themselves
D.
children’s
organs
are
easier
to
be
damaged
and
hard
to
recover
77.
How
many
specific
kinds
of
harmful
effect
caused
by
the
additives
are
mentioned
in
the
passage?
A.
2
B.
7
C.
8
D.
3
【答案】75.
A
76.
D
77.
B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类的文章。研究表明：食品添加剂对儿童健康有巨大的危害。研究建议家庭应该减少接触食品色素，还建议改进食品添加剂监管体系。
【75题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一和第二段中的“Families
should
reduce
exposure
to
synthetic
chemicals
found
in
food
colorings,
preservatives
and
packaging
materials
…
according
to
a
policy
statement
and
technical
report
from
the
American
Academy
of
Pediastrics
released
online.
The
statement
also
suggests
improvements
to
the
food
additives
regulatory
system”可知，美国儿科学会在网上发布的一份政策声明和技术报告显示，越来越多的研究表明，家庭应该减少接触食品色素、防腐剂和包装材料中的合成化学物质……声明还建议改进食品添加剂监管体系。故结合选项，A选项正确：尽量避免日常生活中的食品添加剂，修改食品添加剂的相关规定。故选A。
【76题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中的“Potentially
harmful
effects
of
food
additives
are
of
special
concern
for
children
because
they
are
more
sensitive
to
chemical
exposures…An
early
injury
to
their
organ
systems
can
have
lifelong
and
permanent
consequences.”可知，食品添加剂的潜在有害影响是我们尤其要特别关注的儿童问题，因为他们对化学品接触更加敏感。早期损伤他们的器官系统可能会带来终身和永久的后果。也就是说，儿童器官容易受损，不易恢复。故D选项正确。
【77题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后两段中的“Bisphenols,
such
as
BPA…which
may
potentially
change
the
timing
of
puberty,
decrease
fertility,
increase
body
fat
and
affect
the
nervous
and
immune
systems…Phthalates…
may
affect
male
genital
development
increase
childhood
obesity
and
contribute
to
cardiovascular
disease.”可知，双酚类化合物，如双酚A……这可能会改变青春期的时间，降低生育能力，增加身体脂肪，并影响神经系统和免疫系统。邻苯二甲酸酯……可能影响男性生殖器官的发育，增加儿童肥胖，并导致心血管疾病。很明显，一共提到7种有害影响。故B选项正确。
(
C
)
The
classic
nightmare
of
suddenly
realizing
you
are
naked
in
public
could
soon
get
a
futuristic
twist:
it
might
involve
the
horror
of
losing
not
just
your
modesty
but
also
your
pass
codes.
Scientists
recently
created
magnetic
garments
that
they
say
can
store
data,
automatically
unlock
doors
or
control
a
nearby
smartphone
with
gesture.
The
concept
of
interactive
“smart
clothing”
has
drawn
attention
in
the
past
couple
of
years.
For
example,
Google
and
Levi’s
created
a
touch-sensitive
jacket
that
can
operate
a
smartphone.
This
and
other
smart
garments
are
made
with
conductive
thread
and
usually
require
an
attached
electronic
device.
To
eliminate
the
need
for
such
peripheral
gear,
researchers
at
the
University
of
Washington
recently
took
advantage
of
what
is
a
previously
untapped
property
of
conductive
thread:
its
ability
to
be
magnetized.
“Using
magnetic
instead
of
electric
properties
of
the
thread
may
seem
like
a
small
difference,
but
it
is
what
makes
this
work
interesting
and
exciting,”
says
Chris
Harrison,
a
computer
scientist
at
Carnegie
Mellon
University,
who
was
not
part
of
the
research.
The
new
technique
allowed
the
researchers
to
do
something
they
say
is
unique
among
wearables:
turn
them
into
storage
devices.
The
Washington
team
magnetized
a
patch
of
fabric
embroidered
with
conductive
thread,
giving
different
parts
of
the
cloth
a
north
or
south
orientation
that
correspond
to
binary
1’s
or
0’.
This
step
allowed
the
researchers
to
store
up
to
33
million
different
combinations—such
as
pass
codes
for
doors—on
a
shirt
sleeve.
They
also
created
magnetic
gloves
that
could
control
a
nearby
smartphone
with
gestures.
The
team
described
its
findings
last
October
at
a
meeting
of
the
Association
for
Computing
Machinery.
The
garments
still
stored
data
after
washing,
drying
and
ironing,
but
they
could
not
escape
time’s
eraser;
after
about
a
week,
the
threads’
magnetic
fields
had
weakened
by
around
30
percent.
The
researchers
suggest
that
using
custom-made
thread
designed
to
hold
stronger
magnetic
fields
might
work
longer.
But
for
now
the
clothes
may
be
best
suited
for
storing
temporary
codes,
such
as
those
found
on
hotel
key
cards
or
clothing
tags
in
stores.
Harrison
says
that
it
is
“very
unlikely
you
are
ever
going
to
achieve
a
comparable
density
to
magnetic
hard
drives”
with
data-storing
fabric,
however.
78.
What
does
the
underlined
sentence
(1st
paragraph)
imply?
A.
People
would
soon
change
their
views
on
being
naked
in
public.
B.
There
is
no
way
to
stop
the
decline
of
privacy
right
now.
C.
People
would
lose
privacy
to
a
considerable
degree.
D.
The
classic
nightmare
of
losing
pass
codes
could
never
come
true.
79.
According
to
Chris
Harrison,
using
magnetic
conductive
thread
is
interesting
and
exciting
because
________.
A
it
will
gradually
eliminate
the
need
for
attached
devices
B.
it
will
turn
any
common
wearables
into
storage
devices
C.
it
is
such
an
abstract
idea
that
giant
companies
have
made
attempts
at
it
D.
it
brings
scientists
new
challenges
and
makes
their
work
out
of
the
ordinary
80.
Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
a
feature
of
garments
with
new
technology？
A.
It
is
portable
and
can
interact
with
electronic
devices
wirelessly.
B.
it
is
sustainable
and
doesn’t
need
further
maintenance.
C.
It
is
washable
and
can
endure
high
temperature.
D.
It
can
store
huge
amounts
of
information.
81.
What
does
Harrison
imply
in
the
last
paragraph？
A.
Magnetic
hard
drivers
will
never
lose
their
position
to
fabrics
in
storage.
B.
Cloth
and
fabric
as
a
storage
medium
have
replaced
magnetic
hard
drives.
C.
Data-storing
fabric
can
be
as
efficient
as
a
traditional
storage
medium
now.
D.
In
the
short
term,
fabric
used
to
store
data
cannot
overcome
its
weakness.
【答案】78.
C
79.
D
80.
B
81.
D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家发明了一种有磁性的衣服，他们说这种衣服可以存储数据，自动开门，或者用手势控制附近的智能手机。文章介绍了这种衣服的一些特性和人们对此的看法。
78题详解】
推理判断题。根据画线词上文“The
classic
nightmare
of
suddenly
realizing
you
are
naked
in
public
could
soon
get
a
futuristic
twist(突然发现自己在公共场合赤身裸体的经典噩梦可能很快就会变成一个未来主义的转变)”以及后文“Scientists
recently
created
magnetic
garments
that
they
say
can
store
data,
automatically
unlock
doors
or
control
a
nearby
smartphone
with
gesture.(科学家最近发明了一种有磁性的衣服，他们说这种衣服可以存储数据，自动开门，或者用手势控制附近的智能手机)”可推知，科学家发明的这种有磁性的衣服可以储存人们的数据，甚至控制智能手机，所以可能会让人们在公共场合失去个人隐私，即画线句表明人们会在很大程度上失去隐私。故选C。
【79题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中““Using
magnetic
instead
of
electric
properties
of
the
thread
may
seem
like
a
small
difference,
but
it
is
what
makes
this
work
interesting
and
exciting,”
says
Chris
Harrison,
a
computer
scientist
at
Carnegie
Mellon
University,
who
was
not
part
of
the
research.
The
new
technique
allowed
the
researchers
to
do
something
they
say
is
unique
among
wearables:
turn
them
into
storage
devices.(“利用线的磁性而不是电性可能看起来差别不大，但正是它使这项工作有趣和激动人心，”卡耐基梅隆大学的计算机科学家Chris
Harrison说，他没有参与这项研究。这项新技术让研究人员可以做一些他们认为在可穿戴设备中独一无二的事情：把它们变成存储设备)”可知，根据Chris
Harrison的说法，使用导磁线有趣和令人兴奋，因为它给科学家带来了新的挑战，使他们的工作与众不同。故选D。
【80题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Scientists
recently
created
magnetic
garments
that
they
say
can
store
data,
automatically
unlock
doors
or
control
a
nearby
smartphone
with
gesture.(科学家最近发明了一种有磁性的衣服，他们说这种衣服可以存储数据，自动开门，或者用手势控制附近的智能手机)”；倒数第二段中“This
step
allowed
the
researchers
to
store
up
to
33
million
different
combinations—such
as
pass
codes
for
doors—on
a
shirt
sleeve.
(这一步骤使研究人员可以在衬衫袖子上存储多达3300万种不同的组合，比如门的密码)”以及最后一段中“The
garments
still
stored
data
after
washing,
drying
and
ironing,
but
they
could
not
escape
time’s
eraser
(衣服在洗涤、烘干、熨烫后仍然保存着数据，但它们无法逃脱时间的橡皮擦)”可知，B选项“它是可持续的，不需要进一步的维护”不是新技术服装的特征。故选B。
【81题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The
researchers
suggest
that
using
custom-made
thread
designed
to
hold
stronger
magnetic
fields
might
work
longer.But
for
now
the
clothes
may
be
best
suited
for
storing
temporary
codes,
such
as
those
found
on
hotel
key
cards
or
clothing
tags
in
stores.
Harrison
says
that
it
is
“very
unlikely
you
are
ever
going
to
achieve
a
comparable
density
to
magnetic
hard
drives”
with
data-storing
fabric,
however.(研究人员表示，使用定制的线来保持更强的磁场可能会工作更久。但就目前而言，这些衣服可能最适合储存临时代码，比如在酒店钥匙卡或商店里的衣服标签上发现的代码。不过，Harrison说，如果使用数据存储结构，“不太可能达到与磁性硬盘相当的密度”)”可推知，Harrison在最后一段中暗示了在短期内，用于存储数据的织物不能克服它的弱点。故选D。
Section
C
Directions:Complete
the
following
passage
by
using
the
sentences
given
below.
Each
sentence
can
be
used
only
once.
Note
that
there
are
two
more
sentences
than
you
need.
Fed
up
with
constantly
having
to
recharge
or
replace
batteries
in
your
ever-expanding
electronic
devices?
The
solution
may
be
just
a
few
steps
away.
“Energy
harvesting”
promises
to
power
countless
consumer
devices,
often
with
nothing
more
than
your
body's
movement
or
heat.____82____.But
many
experts
believe
the
market
for
the
technology
could
explode
due
to
electronic
devices
being
developed
for
the
Internet
of
Things.
Among
the
most
basic
forms
of
the
technology
is
body
power,____83____Automatic
watches
have
employed
the
concept
for
decades,
for
example,
by
winding
themselves
when
their
user
moves
their
arm.
Now
the
concept
is
being
considered
for
a
number
of
other
devices.
In
an
contest
seeking
visionary
ideas
for
wearable
technologies,
Intel
awarded$5,000
for
a
concept
to
change
the
temperature
difference
between
a
person's
body
and
a
special
piece
of
clothing
they'd
wear
into
electricity
for
mobile
devices.
___84___.
Stanford
University
engineers
are
testing
smart
microchips
that
create
electricity
from
ultrasound
to
power
implantable
devices
that
can
analyze
a
person's
nervous
system
or
treat
their
diseases.
A
textile
research
association
in
Spain
is
proposing
to
obtain
electricity
from
radio
waves
that
flow
around
everyone
to
power
sensors
sewn
into
clothes,
which
can
monitor
a
person's
heartbeat
or
other
vital
signs.
Obtaining
stable
energy
from
devices
can
be
complex,
however.
For
one
thing,
the
motlon
that
generates
the
electricity
has
to
be
constant
to
be
useful.
Moreover,
the
amount
of
power
the
devices
produce
depends
on
the
person
using
them,
according
to
a
Columbia
University
study,
It
determined
that
taller
people
on
average
provide
about
20percent
more
power
than
shorter
ones
when
walking,
running
or
cycling.
___85___.
While
such
devices
are
expected
to
cost
less
than
battery-powered
alternatives
when
compared
over
many
years
,experts
say,
people
may
continue
buying
ones
with
batteries
merely
because
those
would
be
cheaper
in
the
short
term.
A.
Dozens
of
companies
around
the
world
already
offer
such
products
B.
Using
sound
to
power
devices
is
another
energy-harvesting
variation
C.
It's
also
unclear
how
eagerly
consumers
might
welcome
energy-harvesting
products,
D.
With
the
Internet
of
things
expected
to
combine
billions
of
devices,
we'll
have
to
use
energy
harvesting.
E.
When
certain
materials
are
squeezed
or
stretched,
the
movement
of
their
atoms
creates
an
electrical
charge.
F.
Research
fim
IDTechEx
has
estimated
that
annual
global
sales
of
energy-harvesting
products
could
hit
$.2.6
billion
by
2024.
【答案】82.
A
83.
E
84.
B
85.
C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如今“能量收集”承诺为无数的消费设备提供能量，通常只需要你身体的运动或热量。介绍了能够进行能量收集的几种技术，以及随着科技产品的普及，这种新能源科技的市场将会急剧增加。
【82题详解】
结合后文But
many
experts
believe
the
market
for
the
technology
could
explode
due
to
electronic
devices
being
developed
for
the
Internet
of
Things.可知但许多专家认为，由于为物联网开发的电子设备，这项技术的市场可能会出现爆炸式增长。由此可知，市场爆满，说明全球已经有公司在提供此类产品了。故A选项“全球已有数十家公司提供此类产品”符合上下文语境，故选A。
【83题详解】
根据上文Among
the
most
basic
forms
of
the
technology
is
body
power.可知该技术最基本的形式之一是身体动力。以及后文Automatic
watches
have
employed
the
concept
for
decades,
for
example,
by
winding
themselves
when
their
user
moves
their
arm.可知自动手表已经使用了几十年的概念，例如，当用户移动指针时自动上弦。由此可知，本句是在承接上文解释自动手表这种身体动力的原理。故E选项“当某些材料被挤压或拉伸时，原子的运动会产生电荷”符合上下文语境，故选E。
【84题详解】
根据后文Stanford
University
engineers
are
testing
smart
microchips
that
create
electricity
from
ultrasound
to
power
implantable
devices
that
can
analyze
a
person's
nervous
system
or
treat
their
diseases.可知斯坦福大学的工程师们正在测试利用超声波发电的智能微芯片，为可植入设备提供动力，这些设备可以分析人体的神经系统或治疗他们的疾病。由此可知，本段是在说明另一种利用声音为设备提供动力的能量收集方法。复现词sound和段落后ultrasound，属于相同范畴的词。故B选项“利用声音为设备提供动力是另一种能量收集方法”符合上下文语境，故选B。
【85题详解】
结合后文While
such
devices
are
expected
to
cost
less
than
battery-powered
alternatives
when
compared
over
many
years
,experts
say,
people
may
continue
buying
ones
with
batteries
merely
because
those
would
be
cheaper
in
the
short
term.可知专家们说，尽管这类设备的价格预计在多年后会低于电池驱动的替代品，但人们可能会继续购买电池驱动的设备，仅仅因为短期内价格会更便宜。由此可知，本段是在推测消费者对能源收集产品的欢迎程度。故C选项“目前还不清楚消费者对能源收集产品的欢迎程度”符合上下文语境，故选C。
IV.
Translation
（20.
3+4+4+4+5）
Directions:
Translate
the
following
phrases
or
sentences
into
English,
using
the
words
given
in
the
brackets.
86.
不管我们离家乡有多遥远，我们都会对打小就吃的家常菜产生认同感。(however)（汉译英）
【答案】However
faraway
we
are
from
our
hometown
we
will
identify
with
family
dishes
/
cuisine
(that/which)
we
have
been
eating
since
childhood
/
since
we
were
small
children
that/which
we
started
to
eat
when
we
were
little
children
/
when
we
were
young
/
in
our
childhood.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。根据汉语意思可知，这是个让步状语从句，可以用however或since引导，时态可以用主将从现，可以使用过去时；主句中又含定语从句，先行词“家常菜dishes
/
cuisine
”，用that/which引导，identify认同，hometown家乡。故本句翻译为：However
faraway
we
are
from
our
hometown,
we
will
identify
with
family
dishes
/
cuisine
(that/which)
we
have
been
eating
since
childhood
/
since
we
were
small
children
that/which
we
started
to
eat
when
we
were
little
children
/
when
we
were
young
/
in
our
childhood.
87.
面对紧急情况，飞行员深呼吸使自己平静下来，并反思了几分钟前所作的决定。(reflect)
（汉译英）
【答案】Faced
with
/Facing
an
emergency,
the
pilot
took
deep
breaths
/
took
a
deep
breath
to
calm
himself
down
and
reflected
on
his
decision
made
several
minutes
ago.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、动词短语、动词和名词。表示“面对”应用动词短语be
faced
with或动词face；表示“紧急情况”应用名词emergency；分析句子结构可知“面对紧急情况”在句子作状语，结合be
faced
with或face与逻辑句子主语之间的逻辑关系，故将“面对紧急情况”翻译为Faced
with
/Facing
an
emergency；表示“飞行员”应用名词pilot；表示“深呼吸”应用动词短语take
deep
breaths
/
take
a
deep
breath；表示“使自己平静”短语为calm
oneself
down；表示“反思”动词短语为reflect
on；表示“几分钟前所作的决定”短语为decision
made
several
minutes
ago。根据句意，应用一般过去时。故翻译为Faced
with
/Facing
an
emergency,
the
pilot
took
deep
breaths
/
took
a
deep
breath
to
calm
himself
down
and
reflected
on
his
decision
made
several
minutes
ago.
88.
在德国做交流生期间，我遇到了一位工程学教授，对古希腊哲学家的思想非常了解。(who)
（汉译英）
【答案】As
an
exchange
student
in
Germany,
I
met
an
engineering
professor
who
was
very
familiar
with
the
thoughts/ideas
of
the
ancient
Greek
philosophers.
【解析】
【详解】考查介词、定语从句和时态。根据汉语意思可知，本句可以用介词as表示“当……时”，“在德国做交流生期间”表达为：as
an
exchange
student
in
Germany；句中含有定语从句，先行词为教授（professor），在从句中作主语，用who引导，时态使用一般过去时，工程教授engineering
professor
，对......熟悉be
familiar
with
。故翻译为As
an
exchange
student
in
Germany,
I
met
an
engineering
professor
who
was
very
familiar
with
the
thoughts/ideas
of
the
ancient
Greek
philosophers.
89.
乔丹在参加每一场比赛时，都迎难而上，勇往直前，取得
