初中英语复习----中考名词复习（28张幻灯片）

(共29张PPT)
名 词
一、中考考查重点
可数名词与不可数名词
名词的单数与复数(B)
名词所有格(B)
4.专有名词的常见的缩写形式（A)
名词{
专有名词（如：Tom、China、 the United States,January,Monday)
可数名词{
普通名词
{
物质名词(如： water水)
抽象名词(如:happiness幸福)
个体名词(如：teacher教师)
集体名词(如：police警察)
不可数名{
名词的定义：表示人、事物、地方、现象及其他抽象概念名称的名词。
cap---caps task---tasks star---stars tree---trees stomach---stomaches house---houses exercise---exercises
可数名词的复数形式
规则变化
A.绝大多数名词的复数形式在单数形式后加-S
B.以字母x、s 、ch、 sh 结尾的名词在其后加-es
bus---buses box---boxes watch---watches
dish---dishes class---classes
C.（1）以辅音字母+ y结尾的名词需把y 变为i再加-es
story—stories baby—babies country—countries
party—parties
（2）以元音字母+ y结尾的名词在后面直接加-s
day—days boy--- boys toy---toys
E.（1）以元音字母+o结尾的名词，以及某些以 o结尾
的 外来词，变为复数时只加-S
radio—radios zoo---zoos
bamboo--bamboos
D.以-f 或-fe结尾的可数名词,先将 f 或fe 变成 v 再加-es
shelf---shelves life—lives knife---knives
leaf---leaves wife—wives half—halves
特殊:roof---roofs
（2）以辅音字母+o结尾的名词变为复数+es,
potato---potatoes hero---heroes tomato—tomatoes 但piano—pianos,photo--photos除外.
不规则变化
特殊变化：
单复同形
man men gentleman gentlemen policeman policemen woman women foot feet tooth teeth mouse mice child children
sheep sheep fish fish /fishes
deer deer Chinese Chinese Japanese Japanese
3. 表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况
a Japanese five Japanese ( e.g Chinese )
a Frenchman two Frenchmen
( e.g Englishman Englishwoman fisherman
policeman Frenchwoman )
a German five Germans
( e.g Russian American Indian Italian Korean )
4. 常以复数形式出现的名词
集体名词：trousers glasses clothes people police
口诀：中日不变英法变，其余把S加后面
5.
5. 复合名词的复数形式
a. 将主体名词变为复数
e.g a boy student boy students
a flower shop flower shops
a dining room dining rooms banana tree– banana trees shoe factory– shoe factories
b. 当名词的第一个构成部分为man或woman时，
将2个构成部分均变为复数
e.g a woman teacher two women teachers
a man nurse two men nurses
不可数名词{
常见的不可数名词
１.drink---coffe,milk,tea…
2.food---rice,bread,meat…porridge,tofu,…
3.sugar,salt,pepper,butter…
4.weather---rain,snow,ice,cloud,wind…
5.cotton,silk,wool,mental,paper,wood,glass,plastic
6.English,Chinese,Japanese,French,German…
7.history,maths,science,physics,biology,PE,music,art
8.help,confidence,courage,success,danger,safe
9.work,homework,teamwork,news,money,advice…
物质名词(如： water水)
抽象名词(如:happiness幸福)
不可数名词 数量的表达法：
通过改变量词形式的方法来表示不可数名词的量
a bottle of milk---two bottles of milk
a piece of meat---three pieces of meat
表示不可数名词量的相关词语还有：some,a lot of ,
much, a little , little, lots of,enough,plenty of……
巩固练习:
(1)一茶杯茶 （2）一块冰
（3）两公斤肉 （4）五瓶橘汁
（5）半公斤鸡肉 （6）许多瓶牛奶
不可数名词没有复数形式
既可做不可数名词，又可做可数名词的：
不可数名词 可数名词
paper 纸 a paper
glass 玻璃 a glass
iron 铁 a iron
room 空间 a room
chicken 鸡肉 a chicken
beauty 美 a beauty
一张报纸
一个玻璃杯
一个熨斗
一个房间
一只小鸡
一个美人
专有名词：
1.表示人名 如：Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Gao
2.表示地名:如: China USA England Beijing
3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如：
Sunday Monday Tuesday January February
4.表示中外节日：
国际性节日:New Year May Day Children’s Day
Women’s Day
中国节日: Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day
National Day
西方节日: Christmas Day Easter(复活节）Father’s Day
Mother’s Day Saint Valentine’s Day(情人节)
5. 机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如:
CCTV UN WTO PLA PRC UFO BBC SOS UN IT NBA IQ EQ PE RMB VIP
名词的所有格
单数的名词所有格
Mike’s bag the boy’s knife
2.在词尾有-S的复数名词所有格,只在词尾加’,读音与名词变复数同
the students’ books the teachers’ office
3.不规则名词复数的所有格,即词尾不是以-s结尾的单词,在词后
加’s , 如: Women’s Day men’s clothes shop
4.如果事物为 2人或2人以上共同所有，在最后一个名词后加-’s;
珍妮和海伦的房间
Jenny and Helen’s room
Jenny’s and Helen’s rooms
5.如果事物不是 2人或2人共同所有，而是分别有的,则在 2个名词
后都加-’s
珍妮的房间和海伦的房间
1.有生命的东西所有格用’s 的形式
8.. 无生命的东西一般用“ of +名词”的形式表示其所有格
the door of the room the wall of the park
6. 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生
命的东西，也可以加 -‘s 构成所有格
2小时路程
北京最好的公园
今日报纸
车站休息室
two hours’ walk
Beijing’s best park
today’s newspaper
the station’s waiting-room
at my uncle’s = at my uncle’s home
at a tailor’s = at a tailor’s shop
9. 表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格
a silk hat cotton cloth
a coffee cup
7. 表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格
后面的名词
my teacher’s office
students’ exercise books
Children’s Palace
today’s newspaper
15 minutes’ walk = a 15-minute walk
at the butcher’s = at the butcher’s shop
to Tom’s = to Tom’s house
1 我老师的办公室
2 学生们 的练习本
3 少年宫
4 今天的报纸
5 十五分钟的路程
6 在肉店
7 到汤姆家去
名词的所有格 Practice
8 广东的省会
9 教室的门
10 我父亲的一个朋友
11 他的两个兄弟
12 爱迪生的一些发明
13 他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟)
14 他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟)
the capital of Guangdong
the doors of the classroom
a friend of my father (’s)
two brothers of his
some inventions of Edison’s
a picture of his brother’s
a picture of his brother
主谓一致
当class, family, team, group, public 等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。
e.g The class are waiting for her.
Tom’s family _____ rather big.
Tom’s family _________ are film fans.
is
are
2.news, maths, politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。
e.g The news makes her very happy.
Maths ___ not easy for him.
is
3. 像 chopsticks, shoes, glasses,
trousers等表示复数含义的词，动词用复数。
e.g The shoes are hers.
但是: A pair of glasses _____ on the table.
Two pairs of glasses ______ on the table.
is
are
4. police, people(人们), youth(青年们) 只有单数形式，
但表示复数意义，动词用复数。
e.g The police are gathering in the street.
The Chinese people _____ peace.
love
但是: people当“民族”，youth当“男青年”讲时，
有单复数之分
e.g He is a youth of 20.
Many English-speaking peoples _____ this book.
like
5. 像deer、sheep等单复同形的词，动词单复根据
具体情况定
e.g A deer is over there in the field.
A group of deer ______ over there in the field.
are
6. The poet and musician ______ at the party.
The singer and dancer _____ just arrived.
The bread and the butter _______ ready.
Bread and butter ____ her usual breakfast. 涂了黄油的面包
was
has
are
is
8. Both … and …的谓语动词用复数形式。
e.g. Both he and his father ________ there.
were
7. 采取就近一致原则的句型结构：
There be … e.g. There ___ a book and two apples on the desk.
not only…but also… e.g Not only you but also he ___ right.
either…or e.g Either he or I ____ wrong.
neither…nor e.g Neither she nor I _____ right.
is
is
am
am
表示时间、距离 、金额、度量、书名、国名等的
复数名词，看作整体，动词用单数。
e.g Eight hours of sleep_____ enough for you .
Ten dollars _____ too much to pay.
is
is
10. each + 单数名词 + and + each + 单数名词
every +单数名词 + and +every + 单数名词
no +单数名词 + and + no + 单数名词
each of + 复数名词
one of + 复数名词
many a + 单数名词
every / each +单数名词+ and + 单数名词
等结构做主语时，动词用单数。
e.g. Each boy and each girl ______ seen the film.
No teacher and no student _____ come yet.
Every knife, fork , and spoon ____ to be bought.
Each of the students ______ a dictionary.
has
has
has
has
( ) 1. Please give me ______ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of ( ) 2. This table is made of_______. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass ( ) 3.Bill runs fast. He won the _____ 800 metre race yesterday.
A．boys B．boys’ C．boy D．boy‘s . ( ) 4. Some ______ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies ( ) 5. In the picture there are many______ and two_______. A. sheeps; foxes B. sheeps; foxes
C. sheep; foxes D. sheep;foxs
D
D
B
A
C
选择填空：
( ) 6. This is not my cap, but my _______.
A. brothers B. brother’s C. brothers’ D. brother
( )7.They write most of their_______ in English.
A. business letter B. business letters
C. businesses D. businesses letters
( ) 8. _____are____for cutting things. A. Knife, used B. Knives, using
C. Knife, using D. Knives, used
(　 ) 9. John bought_____for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes
( ) 10.Excuse me, where is the______ A. men's room B. mens' room
C. men's rooms D. men rooms
B
B
D
A
A
1.Several _____ are talking under the tree．And they are______.
A．woman;children B．woman;child C．women;children
2.—How far is your school from here？
—Not very far．It's about twenty walk.（2000杭州）
A．minute's B．minutes C．minutes'
3. There are three in my family. (2004长春）
A.people B. person C. child
4. Most students can go to college for further in our city.
A. education B. information C.science
5. This is bedroom. The twin sister like it very much.
A. Ann and Jane B. Ann and Jane’s C.Ann’s and Jane’s
C
C
A
A
B
1.完成复习导引P10-11. 2.复习一下导引中的语法点P8-9和教与学P74. 3.听写以-b开头的单词.
指点迷津
Ten years ______(is ,are) short time for me.
A pair of shoes ______(is, are) under the bed.
The number of the students in our school _____(is ,are) 2,000.
The woman with two children ______( is ,are ) coming here.
Neither he nor I _____(are, am ) an American.
is
is
is
is
am
指点迷津
6. Maths ______(are, is ) hard to learn for the boy.
7. They are all _______________( woman, teachers ; women teachers).
8. The population of China _______(are, is ) over 1,300,000,000.
9. There are many ______(peoples,people )in the street in summer.
10. One of the students ______(have, has) gone to Shanghai.
is
is
women teachers
people
has
The Browns is going to visit China. ( )
The Browns are going to visit China. ( )
The young is dancing there. ( )
The young are dancing there. ( )
Physics are very difficult to learn. ( )
Physics is very difficult to learn. ( )
We have five Germen in this meeting. ( )
We have five Germans in this meeting. ( )
This is one of the English-Chinese dictionary. ( )
This is one of the English-Chinese dictionaries. ( )
√
√
√
√
√
Ⅹ
Ⅹ
Ⅹ
Ⅹ
Ⅹ