2021年中考英语二轮语法专题复习 现在完成时课件（33张PPT）

Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时
现在完成时
构成（结构）
主要用法及相关的时间状语
短暂性动词与时间段的关系
Have been与have gone的区别
与一般过去时的用法比较
构成/结构
基本结构/公式
have / has + done
助动词 （可以帮助构成肯定、疑问和否定句）
一)构成: have/has+动词过去分词
1.He has cleaned his room.
(变一般疑问句）
Has he cleaned his room?
2. She has lived in London for four years. (划线部分提问）
How long has she lived in London?
3. He has been to China, ____ ____?
（写出反义疑问句部分）
hasn’t he
4. They have come back from work. (写否定句）
They haven’t come back from work.
主要用法、时间状语
(一)表示过去发生的动作或事情对现在的影响和产生的结果。它强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系.常用的时间状语有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等。
二)用法: have/has+动词过去分词
I ______ just ________ the desk, you can take it to your classroom . (mend )
Key words
have mended
yet
just
already
Just 刚刚 与现在完成时连用 一般置句中
Just now 刚才 与一般过去时连用
?
(二)表示一个从过去开始,一直持续到现在,有可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常和for或since引导的时间状语连用。
Tom ___________ in the factory since he left school ten years ago. (work )
Key words
has worked
since
since 后面带过去时间或有一般过去时的句子
A: How long ______ you ________ in this school? (teach )
B: For 6 years.
Key words
have taught
since
for
+ 一段时间
?
(三) 表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历。
We _______ only ____________ 100 trees so far. (plant)
Key words
have planted
so far
到目前为止
A: _______ you ever _______ to the park? ( be )
B: No, never.
Key words
Have been
ever
never
注意： ever 曾经 用于疑问句中
never 从不 带有否定意义
现在完成时的时间状语
◆常与以下标志词连用：
①already, ②yet
③just ④ever
⑤never ⑥before,
⑦up to now, ⑧so far,
⑨for the last few weeks
⑩these days,
⑾since
⑿for （a long time）

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Summary: 现在完成时标志词
过去某一不确定时间发生并对现在造成影响
already（已经）, yet（到目前为止，只能用于疑问句和否定句）, just （刚刚，方才）
谈论从过去到现在为止发生的经历
ever, never, before, recently, lately, so far, in the last/past few days/years
This is the first time …
3. 从过去到现在一直发生的动作，而且还将发生下去（注意：他们的动词必须为持续性动词）
since（后加一个时间点或加一般过去时的句子）
for （后加时间段）
how long+问句？
短暂性动词与时间段的关系
He has bought the book.
He has bought the book for a week.
He has had the book for a week.

buy
have
come /go/get to
be in
join
be in
be a …member
leave
be away
borrow
keep
begin
be on
finish
be over
die
be dead
return
be back
His dog has died for two years .
been dead
come to
have/has been in
buy
have/has had
go to
have/has been in
got to
have/has been in
join
have/has been in
have/has been a soldier
leave
have/has been away
borrow
have/has kept
begin
have/has been on
finish
have/has been over
die
have/has been dead
巧记瞬间性动词的转换：
开始离去借来还， 出生入死买到家，
1 begin
be on
6 return
be back
2 leave
be away from
7 join
be in
3 go
be off
8 die
be dead
4 borrow
keep
9 buy
have
5 come
be here
10 arrive
be here
常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变
Have been与have gone的区别
have been to
have gone to
have been in
去过某地已经回来
常与ever, never,
once, twice,连用
一直留在某地
与for / since连用
用how long 提问
去了某地
还没回来
只用于第三人称

Her sister _____________ Australia,
She left this morning.
has gone to
have/has been to
have/has gone to
have/has been in
去过
常与ever, never,
once,twice,连用
在…
与时间段连用
用how long 提问
去了
说话时某人不在
只用于第三人称

A: How long ____ you _______ China?
B: I _________ here for 3 years.
have been
have been in
have been 与have gone 的用法比较
have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。
have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。
have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”
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用Have been to, have gone to,
have been in 填空
Mike and his parents __________ the north for half a year.
Mum is not at home now. she _________ the shop.
______ you ever _____ to kunming ? Never.
Where _____ you ______ these days?
Has Jim arrived yet?
Yes, he _______ here for several days.
Where is Peter? I don’t know where he ________.
Hi Jim! Where _____ you _____ ? Li Lei
is looking for you.
have been in
has gone to
have been
Have been
has been
has gone
have been
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与一般过去时的用法比较
?与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身,而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系。
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1.都表示过去发生的事
2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；
3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）
present
past
I have lived here for two years
I lived there 2 years ago
注意：
现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。 如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等
试比较：
The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）
The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）
I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）
I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）
Exercises
1. I ________(have) lunch already.
2. Has the train_______ (arrive), yet?
3.Tome ____ never_______ (be to ) China.
4. The twin ______just _____(see) my father.
5. The twins ____(see) my father just now.
6. Many tall buildings ____________(build) in the past 5 years.
have had
arrived
has
been to
has
seen
saw
have been built
、翻译下列句子：
1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？
2. 我刚刚丢了我的语文书。
3. 我以前从来没去过那个公园。
4. 他已经吃过午饭了。
5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？
6. 我哥哥还没回来。
1.Have you eatten fish and chips/ french fries?
2.I have lost my Chinese book.
3 I have never been to that park.
4.He has already had lunch.
5 Have you seen this movie yet?
6 My brother has not returned.