中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
阅读理解专题原题(五)
科普知识与事物发展史
(时间：8～10分钟/篇 分值：2分/小题)
Passage
1
How
Much
Can
We
Afford
to
Forget?
In
2018,
Science
magazine
asked
some
young
scientists
what
schools
should
teach
students.
Most
said
students
should
spend
less
time
memorizing
facts
and
have
more
space
for
creative
activities.
As
the
Internet
grows
more
powerful,
students
can
access(获得)
knowledge
easily.
Why
should
they
be
required
to
carry
so
much
of
it
around
in
their
heads?
Civilizations(文明)
develop
through
forgetting
life
skills
that
were
once
necessary.
In
the
Agricultural(农业的)Age,
a
farmer
could
afford
to
forget
hunting
skills.
When
societies
industrialized,
the
knowledge
of
farming
could
be
safe
to
forget.
Nowadays,
smart
machines
give
us
access
to
most
human
knowledge.
It
seems
that
we
no
longer
need
to
remember
most
things.
Does
it
matter?
Researchers
have
recognized
several
problems
that
may
happen.
For
one,
human
beings
have
biases(偏见),
and
smart
machines
are
likely
to
increase
our
biases.
Many
people
believe
smart
machines
are
necessarily
correct
and
objective,
but
machines
are
trained
through
a
repeated
testing
and
scoring
process.
In
the
process,
human
beings
still
decide
on
the
correct
answers.
Another
problem
relates
to
the
ease
of
accessing
information.
When
there
were
no
computers,
efforts
were
required
to
get
knowledge
from
other
people,
or
go
to
the
library.
We
know
what
knowledge
lies
in
other
brains
or
books,
and
what
lies
in
our
heads.
But
today,
the
Internet
gives
us
the
information
we
need
quickly.
This
can
lead
to
the
mistaken
belief—the
knowledge
we
found
was
part
of
what
we
knew
all
along.
In
a
new
civilization
rich
in
machine
intelligence,
we
have
easy
access
to
smart
memory
networks
where
information
is
stored.
But
dependency
on
a
network
suggests
possibilities
of
being
harmed
easily.
The
collapse
of
any
of
the
networks
of
relations
our
well?being(健康)depends
upon,
such
as
food
and
energy,
would
produce
terrible
results.
Without
food
we
get
hungry;
without
energy
we
feel
cold.
And
it
is
through
widespread
loss
of
memory
that
civilizations
are
at
risk
of
falling
into
a
dark
age.
We
forget
old
ways
to
free
up
time
and
space
for
new
skills.
As
long
as
the
older
forms
of
knowledge
are
stored
somewhere
in
our
networks,
and
can
be
found
when
we
need
them,
perhaps
they're
not
really
forgotten.
Still,
as
time
goes
on,
we
gradually
but
unquestionably
become
strangers
to
future
people.
( )1.
Why
are
smart
machines
likely
to
increase
our
biases?
A.
Because
they
go
off
course
in
testing
and
scoring.
B.
Because
we
control
the
training
process
on
them.
C.
Because
we
offer
them
too
much
information.
D.
Because
they
overuse
the
provided
answers.
( )2.
The
ease
of
accessing
information
from
the
Internet________．
A.
frees
us
from
making
efforts
to
learn
new
skills
B.
prevents
civilizations
from
being
lost
at
a
high
speed
C.
misleads
us
into
thinking
we
already
knew
the
knowledge
D.
separates
the
facts
we
have
from
those
in
the
smart
machines
( )3.
The
word
“collapse”
in
Paragraph
5
probably
means
“________”．
A.
a
sudden
failure
B.
the
basic
rule
C.
a
disappointing
start
D.
the
gradual
development
( )4.
What
is
the
writer's
main
purpose
in
writing
this
passage?
A.
To
question
about
the
standards
of
information
storage.
B.
To
discuss
our
problems
of
communication
with
machines.
C.
To
stress
the
importance
of
improving
our
memorizing
ability.
D.
To
remind
us
of
the
risk
of
depending
on
machines
to
remember.
Passage
2
In
the
park,
you
see
a
group
of
people,
all
looking
up
at
the
sky.
Without
thinking
about
it,
you
look
upwards,
too.
Why?
In
the
concert,
someone
begins
to
clap
and
suddenly
the
whole
room
joins
in.
You
do,
too.
Why?
Sometimes
we
feel
we
are
acting
correctly
when
we
do
the
same
as
others.
The
more
people
follow
an
idea,
the
better
or
truer
we
think
the
idea
is.
It's
the
social
proof(社会认同感)
that
works.
The
scientist
Asch
carried
out
an
experiment.
It
shows
how
social
proof
can
influence
us.
In
a
room,
a
man
is
shown
Line
1,
and
next
to
it
are
three
lines
(A,
B,
C).
A
is
longer,
C
is
shorter
and
B
is
as
long
as
Line
1.
He
must
tell
which
of
the
three
lines
is
as
long
as
Line
1.
When
the
man
is
alone,
he
gives
the
correct
answer
B.
Then,
five
other
men
enter
the
room,
and
each
of
them
gives
the
answer
C
as
they
were
told
to.
Now
the
man
changes
his
idea
and
gives
the
answer
C.
Asch
got
the
same
result
many
times
among
different
subjects(实验对象)．
Why
do
we
act
like
this?
Well,
in
the
past,
following
others
was
a
way
to
keep
from
danger.
Suppose
that
5，000
years
ago
you
were
hunting(打猎)with
friends.
Suddenly,
they
all
ran
away.
What
would
you
have
done?
Would
you
have
stayed?
No,
you
would
have
run,
too.
We
are
descendants(后代)of
those
who
copied
others'
action.
It
is
so
deeply
planted
in
our
mind
that
we
still
use
it
now.
Social
proof
has
special
power.
The
advertising
industry,
for
example,
often
makes
use
of
it.
So
be
careful
whenever
a
company
says
its
product
is
“the
most
popular”．
( )1.
At
the
beginning
of
the
passage,
the
writer
leads
in
the
topic
by
________．
A.
telling
a
story
B.
giving
examples
C.
answering
questions
D.
showing
a
map
( )2.
According
to
Paragraph
3,
the
experiment
by
Asch
shows
________．
A.
following
others
is
always
right
B.
social
proof
may
change
people's
ideas
C.
it's
difficult
to
carry
out
the
experiment
D.
people
can
study
better
if
they
are
alone
( )3.
The
underlined
word
“It”
in
Paragraph
4
refers
to
________．
A.
running
with
others
B.
hunting
with
friends
C.
copying
others'
actions
D.
doing
something
different
( )4.
According
to
the
passage,
we
can
infer(推断)that
________．
A.
it's
important
to
run
with
others
anytime
B.
products
in
the
advertisement
are
the
best
C.
we
mustn't
copy
others'
actions
to
keep
safe
D.
we
need
to
think
twice
before
following
others
Passage
3
The
human
body
is
a
machine
that
can
raise
lots
of
interesting
questions.
Why,
for
example,
are
yawns(呵欠)
contagious(传染的)?
What's
up
with
ice?cream
headaches?
Here
are
answers
to
these
and
other
questions
about
our
bodies.
Why
do
I
get
a
headache
when
I
eat
ice?cream
too
quickly?
Scientists
aren't
exactly
sure
what
causes
the
brain
freeze
when
we
eat
ice?cream
or
other
supercold
foods
too
quickly,
though
some
believe
it's
the
result
of
changed
blood
flow
in
the
nervous
system.
Blood
vessels
in
the
head
“tighten”
to
stop
the
loss
of
body
heat
and
then
relax
to
let
blood
flow
rise;
that
sudden
rush
of
blood
is
what
causes
the
headache.
You
can
improve
an
ice?cream
headache
by
rapidly
rubbing
your
tongue
across
the
roof
of
your
mouth
to
help
warm
up
things.
What
causes
my
stomach
to
make
a
low
continuous
noise
when
I'm
hungry?
Actually,
your
stomach
makes
noise
whether
you're
hungry
or
full;
you
just
hear
it
more
clearly
when
you're
hungry.
Think
of
your
digestive
tract(消化道)
as
a
really
long
tube
lined
with
smooth
muscle
tissue.
These
muscles
move
food,
fluids
and
gas
through
your
digestive
tract.
______________________________.
It
can
make
you
feel
embarrassed(尴尬的)but
is
nothing
to
worry
about.
Why
do
I
blush
when
I'm
embarrassed?
When
you're
embarrassed,
your
brain
releases
a
shot
of
adrenaline(肾上腺素),
which
makes
your
heart
race
and
blood
vessels
become
larger
in
size.
All
this
happens
to
increase
blood
flow
and
oxygen
delivery
throughout
the
body
in
a
fight?or?flight
reaction(对抗反应).
There
are
a
lot
of
tiny
blood
vessels
in
your
face,
which
turn
noticeably
redder
from
this
sudden
rush
of
blood.
As
for
the
actual
function
of
blushing,
researchers
are
still
trying
to
find
that
one
out.
Why
are
yawns
contagious?
Have
you
ever
yawned
in
front
of
someone,
only
to
have
them
yawn
right
back?
It's
a
common
thing,
but
researchers
don't
have
a
good
explanation
for
it.
They
do,
however,
know
this
happens
only
with
humans
and
chimpanzees(黑猩猩).
A
bigger
question
puzzling
scientists
is
why
we
yawn
at
all.
It
used
to
be
thought
that
yawning
showed
that
oxygen
to
the
brain
was
not
enough,
but
that's
just
a
myth.
A
growing
body
of
research
now
shows
that
yawning
is
nature's
way
of
keeping
our
brains
cool.
( )1.
What
is
the
meaning
of
the
underlined
word
tighten?
A.
变松
B.
变紧
C.
变短
D.
变长
( )2.
Which
of
the
following
sentences
can
be
filled
in
the
blank?
A.
And
that's
what
you're
hearing
when
your
stomach
makes
noise.
B.
And
that's
why
you're
so
hungry
when
your
stomach
is
empty.
C.
And
that's
what
makes
you
feel
uncomfortable
when
you're
full.
D.
And
that's
how
it
makes
a
difference
to
your
digestive
tract.
( )3.
Which
of
the
following
statements
is
TRUE?
A.
There
is
no
way
for
you
to
improve
an
ice?cream
headache.
B.
Researchers
have
found
out
the
actual
function
of
blushing.
C.
Your
stomach
makes
noise
only
when
you
are
hungry.
D.
Researchers
don't
have
a
good
explanation
for
why
yawns
are
contagious.
( )4.
What
is
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.
Some
Interesting
Facts
B.
Our
Strange
Body
C.
Some
Useful
Discoveries
D.
Our
Amazing
Feelings
Passage
4
A
recent
study
from
a
team
of
South
Korean
researchers
suggests
that
eating
alone
often
may
lead
to
poor
eating
habits
and
poor
food
choices.
Specifically,
the
study
found
that
men
who
ate
alone
more
than
twice
a
week
had
a
greater
risk
of
devoloping
high
blood
pressure,
high
cholesterol
and
diabetes.
For
children,
eating
with
their
families
is
not
only
about
preventing
bad
outcomes
(结果)
—
it
is
also
about
developing
good
ones.
In
2014,
the
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development(OECD)
looked
at
data
from
nearly
three?quarters
of
the
world's
countries.
Among
its
findings
was
the
fact
that
students
who
shared
a
main
meal
with
their
families
were
less
likely
to
skip
school.
Children
who
eat
a
main
meal
with
their
families
are
also
less
likely
to
abuse
drugs
and
alcohol
(吸毒酗酒)．
In
the
report,
titled
“The
Importance
of
Family
Dinners
(Ⅷ)”，
researchers
say
that
“teens
who
have
frequent
family
dinners
are
more
likely
to
say
their
parents
know
a
lot
about
what's
going
on
in
their
lives”.
They
also
claim
that
when
teens
say
they
feel
closer
to
their
parents,
they
are
less
likely
to
use
drugs
and
alcohol.
Another
study
from
the
University
of
Montreal
found
that
children
who
ate
with
their
familes
experience
long?term
physical
and
mental
health
benefits
(好处).
These
children
were
physically
in
better
shape
and
drank
fewer
sugary
soft
drinks.
These
children
also
seemed
to
have
better
social
skills
and
they
were
less
aggressive
(好斗的)．
Professor
Linda
Pagani
says
that
mealtimes
shared
with
parents
“likely
provide
young
children
with
first?hand
social
interactions,
discussions
of
social
issues(事件)
and
day?to?day
concerns.”
She
adds
that
they
may
likely
help
the
child
have
better
communication
skills
with
others.
( )1.
What
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.
Benefits
of
eating
together.
B.
Advantages
of
eating
alone.
C.
Ways
of
developing
social
skills.
D.
Risks
of
using
drugs
and
alcohol.
( )2.
Children
eating
with
their
families
are
more
likely
to
________．
A.
drink
more
sugary
soft
drinks
B.
do
well
in
their
studies
at
school
C.
be
more
socially
active
and
aggressive
D.
have
a
closer
relationship
with
their
parents
( )3.
Why
is
professor
Pagani
mentioned
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.
To
introduce
her.
B.
To
add
a
new
point.
C.
To
explain
further.
D.
To
provide
background
information.
( )4.
From
which
is
the
text
probably
taken?
A.
A
travel
guide.
B.
A
biology
textbook.
C.
A
cooking
instruction.
D.
A
science
magazine.
Passage
5
How
do
people
find
their
ways?
At
first,
people
did
it
by
looking
at
the
sun,
the
moon
and
stars.
Later,
we
started
to
use
the
compass
(指南针).
Today,
there
are
navigation
satellite
systems.
A
navigation
satellite
system
uses
groups
of
satellites.
They
send
information
to
a
receiver,
such
as
your
smart
phone.
Then
they
can
find
where
you
are.
The
earliest
navigation
system
is
the
Global
(全球的)
Positioning
System
(GPS)
of
the
United
States.
The
US
has
put
24
satellites
into
space
to
make
sure
GPS
can
locate
a
person
correctly
and
globally.
Russia's
GLONASS
and
European
Union's
Galileo
can
also
work
globally.
The
BeiDou
Navigation
Satellite
System
(BDS)
is
China's
homegrown
navigation
system.
It
was
set
up
in
2000.
With
it,
China
became
the
third
country
to
build
a
navigation
system
after
the
US
and
Russia.
BeiDou
can
find
you
wherever
you
are.
It
helps
you
go
faster
by
finding
shortcuts
and
using
correct
directions.
When
you
are
in
trouble
and
call
the
police,
they
will
know
exactly
where
you
are
if
you
have
a
smart
phone
that
uses
BeiDou.
Today,
there
are
more
than
20
BeiDou
satellites
above
our
heads.
And
the
system
is
able
to
offer
open
services
to
the
Asia?Pacific
area.
China
plans
to
send
more
BeiDou?3
satellites
into
space.
BeiDou?3's
position
accuracy(精确度)
is
less
than
five
meters.
By
2020,
the
BeiDou
system
will
have
35
satellites
and
begin
serving
globally.
( )1.
How
did
people
find
their
ways
at
first
according
to
this
passage?
A.
By
looking
at
the
sun,
the
moon
and
stars.
B.
By
using
the
navigation
satellite
systems.
C.
By
looking
at
the
compass.
( )2.
How
many
navigation
satellite
systems
are
mentioned
in
the
passage?
A.
Two.
B.
Three.
C.
Four.
( )3.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“locate”
in
the
third
paragraph
mean?
A.
位于
B.
设置
C.
定位
( )4.
What
do
you
know
about
the
BeiDou
system?
A.
It
was
set
up
before
GPS.
B.
It
will
begin
serving
globally
by
2020.
C.
There
are
less
than
20
BeiDou
satellites
today.
Passage
6
What
is
the
sky?
How
high
is
it?
What
color
is
it?
What
birds
can
live
above
it?
These
questions
are
difficult
to
answer,
aren't
they?
In
fact,
the
sky
has
no
color.
Then
why
does
the
sky
look
blue?
We
know
that
there
is
air
around
the
world.
When
planes
fly,
they
need
air
to
lift
their
wings.
Planes
can't
fly
very
high.
That
is
because
the
air
gets
thinner
when
they
go
higher.
The
same
will
happen
to
us
if
we
go
high
enough.
If
we
go
up
about
1，200
kilometers
from
the
earth,
we'll
find
no
air
there.
Some
birds
can
fly
into
the
sky
as
high
as
a
plane,
but
they
cannot
fly
or
live
without
air.
Looking
up
above
us,
you
will
see
the
blue
sky
with
white
clouds.
It
is
usually
light
blue.
The
color
would
be
bluer
when
you
see
on
the
top
of
a
high
mountain.
And
you
will
see
fewer
clouds
in
the
sky
between
you
and
the
sun.
Sometimes
the
sky
doesn't
look
blue.
When
the
sun
rises
and
falls,
you
will
see
red,
orange,
and
other
colors
in
the
sky.
Such
are
the
most
beautiful
moments
of
the
day.
Who
can
see
the
colors
of
the
sky
high
above
the
earth?
The
astronauts!
They
can
see
those
beautiful
colors
of
the
sky
from
the
outer
space.
However,
before
flying
into
the
outer
space,
they
sit
in
a
spaceship
high
above
the
earth,
and
there
is
no
air
at
all.
The
sky
would
be
that
dark
and
its
color
would
be
black.
Now
you
may
understand
that
we
see
colors
because
the
air
scatters(使散射)
the
sunlight.
Light
travels
through
the
air.
Without
air,
there
would
be
no
colors.
( )1.
Planes
can't
fly
as
high
as
possible
because
________．
A.
the
sky
is
blue
B.
the
wings
are
heavier
C.
the
air
becomes
thinner
D.
the
sky
has
no
air
( )2.
When
you
stand
on
the
top
of
a
high
mountain,
you
will
see
________．
A.
more
air
B.
fewer
clouds
C.
more
colors
D.
redder
skies
( )3.
In
Suining,
we
might
see
many
colors
in
the
sky
at
about
________
during
the
day
in
summer.
A.
7∶00pm
B.
11∶00pm
C.
1∶00am
D.
3∶00am
( )4.
The
sky
changes
colors
because
________．
A.
the
sunlight
has
colors
B.
the
air
scatters
the
sunlight
C.
it's
colorful
itself
D.
the
world
is
colorful
( )5.
Which
is
the
best
title(标题)?
A.
Why
does
the
sky
look
blue?
B.
Why
can't
planes
fly
very
high?
C.
Why
does
the
sky
change
colors?
D.
Why
can
the
astronauts
see
the
colors
of
the
sky？
环境保护
(时间：8～10分钟 分值：2分/小题)
Passage
1
Imagine
a
world
with
no
more
wild
animals:
no
elephants,
no
tigers
or
lions.
To
some
people,
that
thought
is
too
terrible
for
words.
So
they
are
doing
something
about
it.
Tiffany
Soechting
is
one
of
them.
Being
among
wild
animals—feeding
them
and
caring
for
them—is
all
Tiffany
Soechting
has
wanted
to
do
with
her
life.
And
that
is
exactly
what
she
does!
Soechting
is
the
human
“mother”
to
the
500
animals
that
live
on
her
family
wildlife
farm
in
San
Antonio,
Texas.
On
the
farm,
she
cares
for
animals
from
around
the
world.
Soechting
says
she
loves
them
all.
However,
two
reticulated
giraffes(网纹长颈鹿)take
up
a
special
place
in
her
heart.
Their
population
in
the
wild
has
become
smaller
by
80%
in
the
last
15
years.
“I'm
so
glad
to
get
help
from
five
wildlife
researchers
that
took
giraffes
up
to
a
higher
level.
All
our
hard
work
helps
protect
giraffes
living
in
the
wild.”
Besides
her
animal
caring,
Soechting
also
holds
monthly
classes,
where
she
teaches
school
children
about
the
animals.
Soechting
also
opens
the
farm
to
the
public.
Visitors
not
only
learn
about
the
animals,
they
can
also
get
close
to
them.
And
the
animals
are
not
against
that.
For
them,
people
are
part
of
their
natural
environment.
The
farm
is
part
conservation(保护)area,
part
educational
center
and
part
animal
park.
As
the
animals
walk
peacefully
around
the
grounds,
it
is
easy
for
them
to
forget
that
San
Antonio,
a
busy
city,
is
just
few
minutes
away.
( )1.
“Soechting
is
the
human
‘mother'
to
the
500
animals”shows
________．
A.
she
has
already
married
and
has
some
children
B.
the
animals
on
the
farm
are
taken
good
care
of
C.
the
animals
can
get
along
well
with
each
other
D.
she
teaches
school
children
about
animals
well
( )2.
The
structure
of
the
passage
may
be
________．
( )3.
According
to
the
passage,
Soechting
is
________．
A.
confident
but
lazy
B.
humorous
and
lovely
C.
wise
but
careless
D.
kind
and
hard?working
( )4.
The
best
title
of
the
passage
may
be
“________”．
A.
How
to
Save
Wild
Animals
B.
Soechting
and
Her
Wild
Animals
C.
Two
Reticulated
Giraffes
D.
A
World
Without
Wild
Animals
Passage
2
The
world
has
a
plastics
problem.
And
not
just
with
bottles.
Straws(吸管)，toothbrushes,
toys—all
kinds
of
plastics
are
placed
in
landfills.
There
are
5
billion
tons
of
plastic
waste
in
the
world.
Landfills
have
a
large
part
of
it.
By
2050,
they
could
have
13
billion
tons.
Much
of
plastic
rubbish
finds
its
way
into
the
ocean.
Scientists
say
165
million
tons
of
plastic
pieces
are
floating
around
out
there.
And
most
plastic
won't
disappear
itself.
It
will
remain
in
the
ocean
forever.
Whales
get
caught
in
plastic
fishing
nets.
Birds
die
because
of
eating
plastic
straws
and
bottle
caps.
It
endangers
ocean
life.
Plastic
rubbish
even
ends
up
in
the
food
we
eat.
Governments
are
realizing
that
recycling
may
not
be
enough.
They
are
taking
more
actions.
Though
it
is
hard
work,
it
is
still
a
solvable
problem.
In
Britain,
people
are
not
allowed
to
use
plastic
bags
except
in
hospitals.
Scotland
and
several
coastal
cities
in
the
US
stop
people
from
using
plastic
straws
as
well.
The
US
alone
throws
away
some
500
million
plastic
straws
a
day.
That's
enough
to
circle
the
Earth
twice.“Saying
no
to
a
plastic
straw
is
an
easy
way
to
make
a
big
difference，”Diana
Lofflin
who
started
www.strawfree.org
said.“Do
we
really
want
to
pass
on
to
our
children
a
world
harmed
by
plastic？”
People
have
found
some
tasty
ways
to
reduce
waste.
A
company
in
India
made
the
first?ever
spoon
that
people
can
eat.
You
don't
have
to
eat
the
spoon.
You
can
throw
it
away.
It
decomposes(分解)in
just
a
few
days.
David
Edwards,
a
scientist
at
Harvard
University，designed
an
eatable
bag
which
can
protect
the
food
or
drink
inside.
It
is
a
delicious
replacement
for
plastic
ones.
( )1.
According
to
the
writer,
birds
die
because
they
________．
A.
eat
bottle
caps
and
straws
B.
get
caught
in
fishing
nets
C.
feed
on
ocean
animals
D.
have
the
spoons
in
India
( )2.
The
underlined
word
“endangers”
in
Paragraph
2
probably
means
________．
A.
brings
B.
loses
C.
harms
D.
saves
( )3.
The
purpose
of
the
passage
is
mainly
to
________．
A.
introduce
some
ways
to
recycle
waste
B.
tell
readers
about
the
problem
with
plastics
C.
compare
air
pollution
and
plastic
pollution
D.
describe
how
the
US
is
reducing
plastic
waste
( )4.
From
the
passage,
we
can
tell
that
the
plastics
problem
________．
A.
is
too
big
for
people
to
solve
B.
can
be
solved
by
recycling
alone
C.
can
be
solved,
but
it
won't
be
easy
D.
will
have
to
be
solved
by
future
scientists
Passage
3
A
zero?waste
life
is
a
lifestyle
that
hardly
creates
any
rubbish.
So,
a
zero?waste
store
is
about
providing
a
kind
of
everyday
and
pleasant?looking
zero?waste
products
to
help
people
start
on
a
zero?waste
life
journey.
“Zero
waste”
or
“danshari”
was
first
suggested
by
a
French
woman
called
Bea
Johnson.
Her
idea
is:
live
a
life
and
try
not
to
create
any
rubbish;
use
different
kinds
of
ways
to
save
the
environment
such
as
stopping
the
use
of
one?off
objects;
giving
unwanted
things
to
others
or
giving
them
away
to
organizations
like
the
Red
Cross.
Yu
Yuan,
27,
is
deeply
interested
in
this
idea.
She
and
her
boyfriend
have
lived
in
Beijing
for
many
years.
And
earlier
she
used
to
buy
things
without
thinking
about
them
carefully
until
she
saw
a
video
about
“zero
waste”，
in
which
a
family
of
four
placed
the
rubbish
they
produced
every
year
in
a
jar(罐).
After
watching
the
video,
Yu
wanted
to
experience
this
zero?waste
lifestyle
with
her
boyfriend.
A
zero?waste
life
follows
the
6R
rule—Refuse,
Reduce,
Reuse,
Repair,
Recycle
and
Rot.
Over
August?October
when
Yu
followed
the
rule
of
zero
waste
6R,
she
and
her
boyfriend
Joe
Harvey
both
produced
only
two
cans
of
rubbish.
Now,
the
couple
have
opened
a
small
shop
in
Beijing,
where
they
use
wood
products
to
take
the
place
of
plastic
ones
and
cloth
bags
printed
with
environmentally
friendly
logos.
Most
products
sold
in
the
store
can
be
reused.
The
store
also
has
second?hand
books
and
CDs/DVDs
with
ideas
to
make
the
best
of
the
used
things.
“Those
who
once
experienced
the
non?waste
lifestyle
have
slowly
changed
their
ideas，”
says
Yu.
“The
zero?waste
lifestyle
is
not
for
ascetics(苦行僧).
It
is
just
around
us
at
our
finger?tips.”
Yu
expects
some
of
her
friends
to
join
her
on
the
road
to
zero
waste.
( )1.
Bea
Johnson
suggests
that
people
should
________．
A.
try
to
produce
no
rubbish
in
life
B.
share
objects
with
others
C.
help
their
friends
live
comfortably
D.
work
hard
for
the
Red
Cross
( )2.
We
can
see
from
the
passage
that
Yu
Yuan
________．
A.
offers
plastic
bags
in
her
store
B.
is
influenced
by
the
6R
rule
C.
often
buys
things
she
doesn't
need
D.
likes
listening
to
CDs
very
much
( )3.
What
Yu
Yuan
says
in
the
last
paragraph
probably
means
that
________．
A.
lots
of
people
doubt
the
zero?waste
lifestyle
B.
she
feels
it
hard
to
continue
her
lifestyle
C.
her
friends
have
followed
her
lifestyle
D.
the
zero?waste
lifestyle
is
not
difficult
to
live
( )4.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Opening
up
a
second?hand
store
B.
Recycling
waste
C.
Saving
the
environment
D.
Joining
the
couple
热点话题
(时间：8～10分钟 分值：2分/小题)
新科技
Passage
1
Brooke
wanted
a
dollhouse
and
some
sugar
cookies.
So
the
6?year?old
asked
Alexa
to
get
them.
Alexa
wasn't
her
mom
or
babysitter.
It
was
a
voice?activated
home
assistant
powered
by
AI(人工智能).
And
it
made
Brooke's
wishes
come
true.
A
few
days
later,
much
to
her
parents'
surprise,
a
?$170
dollhouse
and
four
pounds
of
cookies
showed
up.
They
ate
the
cookies
and
gave
away
the
dollhouse
to
a
local
hospital.
And
that's
not
the
end
of
the
story.
When
a
news
reporter
told
the
story
of
what
happened
on
TV,
Alexa
devices(设备)in
many
listeners'
homes
woke
up
and
tried
to
order
dollhouses!
Alexa
isn't
the
only
AI
willing
to
serve
you.
Apple
Homepod
has
Siri,
Google
Home
has
its
Assistant,
and
the
upcoming
Galaxy
Home
device
will
have
Bixby.
People
who
have
these
devices
use
them
mainly
for
listening
to
music,
checking
the
weather,
and
setting
timers.
According
to
a
report
from
The
Information,
nowadays
voice
shopping
is
rare.
But
many
scientists
predict
a
boom(增长)
in
voice
shopping
in
the
near
future.
Is
that
a
good
thing?
________.
You
can
shout
out
an
order
as
soon
as
you
think
of
it,
even
if
you
are
cooking,
cleaning,
or
driving.
In
addition,
people
with
disabilities
who
are
unable
to
use
a
keyboard
or
mouse
can
shop
without
any
help.
But
voice
shopping
has
its
disadvantages.
Unwanted
dollhouses
aren't
the
biggest
problem.
It's
usually
very
easy
to
cancel
an
order
or
return
products.
The
thing
that
worries
some
people
is
that
these
assistants
are
always
listening.
They
have
to
be
able
to
respond
when
you
want
them.
So
they
listen
for
“Alexa”
or
“OK
Google”
or
another
order.
When
they
hear
it,
they
start
recording
the
conversation.
Some
have
worried
about
what
happens
to
these
recordings.
Should
companies
be
allowed
to
use
them
to
learn
about
people's
shopping
habits?
And
what
if
someone
hacks(入侵)
the
device?
The
CIA
found
a
way
to
hack
smart
TVs
to
turn
them
into
spies
that
listen
all
the
time.
Others
could
do
the
same
with
any
smart
device.
What
do
you
think?
Are
you
ready
to
start
voice
shopping?
( )1.
From
the
passage,
we
know
that
Alexa
________．
A.
can
look
after
the
baby
B.
can
cook
delicious
food
C.
is
a
toy
doll
sold
online
D.
is
one
kind
of
AI
device
( )2.
The
underlined
word
“rare”
in
Paragraph
2
probably
means
________．
A.
unusual
B.
expensive
C.
harmful
D.
impossible
( )3.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
to
fill
in
the
“________”
in
Paragraph
3?
A.
Convenience
is
the
main
advantage
of
voice
shopping
B.
The
cost
of
voice
shopping
is
lower
than
other
ways
C.
The
popularity
of
voice
shopping
is
increasing
D.
The
technology
of
voice
shopping
needs
improving
( )4.
Paragraph
4
mainly
tells
us
that
________
when
people
try
voice
shopping.
A.
AI
sometimes
forgets
people's
orders
B.
personal
information
might
be
hacked
C.
it's
difficult
to
cancel
or
return
products
D.
the
needs
for
products
can't
be
satisfied
Passage
2
If
you
look
at
the
top
of
your
phone,
you'll
usually
see
a
little
symbol
that
says
3G
or
4G
.The
“G”
stands
for
the
“generation”
(代)
of
your
mobile
network.
But
the
symbols
will
become
things
of
the
past
after
5G
networks
fully
arrive.
On
March
30,
Shanghai
vice?mayor
Wu
Qing
made
the
first
5G
video
call
on
a
Huawei
Mate
X
Smartphone.
Shanghai
has
also
become
the
first
city
in
China
to
start
testing
5G
networks.
About
100
times
faster
than
4G
networks,
5G
will
let
people
download
and
upload
data(数据)
faster
than
ever
before.
But
5G
won't
just
bring
faster
mobile
internet.
People
can
use
it
for
many
other
things
as
well.
For
example,
5G
will
help
to
make
self?driving
cars
safer.
Today's
self?driving
test
cars
have
one
problem—lag(延迟).
When
the
car
“sees”
an
obstacle(障碍物),
it
sends
this
information
to
a
data
center
and
receives
instructions.
However,
it
will
be
some
time
before
it
sends
and
receives
this
information.
With
this
kind
of
lag,
the
cars
might
crash
because
they
don't
receive
instructions
in
time.
With
5G,
this
lag
will
be
greatly
lowered,
making
the
cars
safer.
5G
could
also
be
used
to
power
the
internet
of
things(IoT),
that
is,
a
large
online
network
that
connects
all
things
and
people.
Fast
internet
speeds
will
be
the
key
to
developing
this
technology.
The
IoT
could
be
used
in
a
lot
of
ways.
For
example,
with
IoT,
your
refrigerator
could
automatically(自动地)
place
an
order
online
for
eggs
when
it
finds
that
there
are
no
eggs
left
inside.
( )1.
Which
city
was
5G
tested
for
the
first
time?
A.
Beijing.
B.
Shanghai.
C.
Shenzhen.
( )2.
What
can
we
infer(推测)
according
to
the
passage?
A.
5G
is
widely
used
in
China
now.
B.
5G
networks
will
make
our
lives
more
convenient.
C.
There
are
no
symbols
at
the
top
of
our
phones.
( )3.
The
writer
uses
self?driving
cars
as
an
example
to
________．
A.
explain
how
5G's
fast
speed
can
be
helpful
B.
warn
about
the
possible
dangers
of
self?driving
cars
C.
explain
how
self?driving
cars
work
( )4.
What
is
IoT
according
to
the
passage?
A.
A
robot
that
can
do
housework.
B.
An
online
store
where
you
can
buy
anything.
C.
A
large
online
network
that
connects
things
and
people.
( )5.
Which
sentence
is
right
according
to
the
passage?
A.
5G
will
help
us
buy
eggs
quickly.
B.
Robots
can
help
us
buy
eggs
online.
C.
Our
refrigerator
can
order
eggs
online
for
us.
Passage
3
Technology
is
developing
fast
and
it
has
become
an
important
part
of
our
life.
Then
what
will
the
world
be
like
in
the
future?
3?D
food
will
be
both
delicious
and
nutritious(有营养的).
We
can
use
3?D
printers
to
print
some
basic
materials.
__①__
And
we
can
go
further.
Scientists
believe
that
we
just
need
to
turn
on
a
printer
in
the
kitchens
and
then
we
can
enjoy
our
favourite
food
whenever
we
like.
__②__
5G
network
will
allow
many
more
people
to
get
information.
Big
companies
like
China
Mobile
and
China
Unicom
will
start
to
offer
5G.
It
is
said
that
5G
promises
download
speeds
10
to
20
times
faster
than
4G.
For
example,
we
can
download
a
film
within
just
1
second.
But
with
a
4G
network,
it
takes
a
few
minutes.
There
will
be
much
bandwidth(带宽)
and
we
can
get
unlimited(无限的)
information.
Underwater
cities
will
provide
more
space.
The
earth
is
becoming
more
and
more
crowded.
We
may
turn
to
underwater
homes,
which
will
be
built
as
low
as
15
kilometers
below
the
sea.
And
the
different
temperatures
at
the
different
depths(深度)
of
the
sea
can
be
used
to
provide
power
for
the
homes.
__③__
For
us
common
people
on
the
earth,
the
dream
of
travelling
around
space
will
come
true.
In
the
coming
years,
spacecraft
will
be
as
popular
as
buses,
trains
and
planes.
We
can
leave
our
home
and
enter
space
to
take
an
adventure(冒险).
And
even
we
will
get
used
to
living
there.
A
robot
will
be
a
part
of
life.
Robots
can
do
many
of
the
same
things
as
we
humans
do
like
driving
cars.
But
they
will
be
used
in
other
areas
as
well.
They
will
be
able
to
think.
They
can
tell
the
difference
between
right
and
wrong.
They
can
feel
sadness
or
joy.
When
we
are
lonely,
they
can
have
a
talk
with
us
like
real
friends.
__④__
In
a
word,
just
as
Jules
Verne
said,
“Anything
one
man
can
imagine,
other
men
can
make
real.”
( )1.
According
to
the
passage,
which
of
the
following
statements
about
the
future
world
is
TRUE?
A.
3?D
food
will
be
easy
to
make
but
won't
taste
good.
B.
With
5G,
users
will
get
only
a
little
information.
C.
Underwater
cities
will
provide
more
living
space.
D.
A
robot
will
do
everything
for
us
human
beings.
( )2.
Where
can
the
sentence
“Space
tour
will
be
a
piece
of
cake.”
be
put?
A.
①
B.
②
C.
③
D.
④
( )3.
What
can
we
infer(推断)
from
the
passage?
A.
People
will
live
a
hard
life
in
the
future.
B.
Technology
will
make
our
future
better.
C.
People
will
have
no
real
friends
in
the
future.
D.
Technology
will
make
no
difference
to
our
future.
( )4.
Where
does
the
passage
probably
come
from?
A.
A
storybook.
B.
A
film
poster.
C.
A
travel
guide.
D.
A
science
magazine.
Passage
4
To
help
Japanese
companies
better
deal
with
the
increasing
number
of
foreigners
visiting
the
country,
Panasonic
has
created
a
megaphone(扩音器)
which
is
able
to
smartly
translate
Japanese
into
English,
Chinese
and
Korean.
Panasonic
named
the
product
“Megahonyaku”.
It
is
a
term
for
the
Japanese
words
for
“megaphone”
and
“translate”，
which
actually
makes
a
lot
of
sense
because
it's
a
megaphone
that
can
translate
Japanese
into
several
other
languages
in
real
time.
When
a
user
speaks
Japanese
into
the
megaphone,
it
recognizes(辨认)
and
translates
what
is
being
said
immediately,
and
outputs
the
words
in
English,
Chinese
or
Korean.
It
sounds
amazing,
and
seeing
it
in
action
is
wonderful,
but
Megahonyaku
is
not
good
enough.
It
cannot
translate
everything
you
say,
as
it
only
stores
300
common
expressions,
like
“The
train
has
been
put
off”
or
“Watch
your
step”.
However,
the
Japanese
company
behind
Megahonyaku
promises
to
add
new
expressions
regularly,
which
users
can
get
on
the
Internet.
The
machine
was
designed
to
be
used
in
places
like
transport
stations,
airports
and
places
of
interest,
where
quick
and
exact
announcements
are
needed
most.
Around
30
Japanese
organizations,
including
the
police
and
guides,
have
been
trying
out
Megahonyaku
for
about
one
year,
but
Panasonic
says
it
will
come
onto
the
market
on
December
20th.
Instead
of
selling
these
speech
translators,
Panasonic
plans
on
renting(出租)
them
out
for
less
than
$183
a
month
on
a
three?year
agreement,
and
offering
users
future
improvements
and
necessary
services.
Panasonic
has
also
said
that
it
may
add
support
for
other
languages,
like
Russian,
depending
on
customers'
needs.
Megahonyaku
also
includes
a
touch
screen
that
allows
users
to
choose
the
language
they
need
their
speech
translated
into.
( )1.
Panasonic
has
produced
Megahonyaku
so
that
________.
A.
guides
can
translate
Chinese
into
Japanese
faster
B.
Japanese
companies
can
receive
foreigners
better
C.
foreigners
can
talk
with
the
Japanese
freely
D.
the
Japanese
can
learn
other
languages
easily
( )2.
The
third
paragraph
is
mainly
about
the
________
of
Megahonyaku.
A.
invention
B.
importance
C.
disadvantage
D.
history
( )3.
It
can
be
learnt
from
Paragraph
4
that
Megahonyaku
________．
A.
may
be
popular
with
the
police
B.
is
widely
used
in
private
homes
C.
will
be
sold
on
December
20th
D.
stores
about
30
foreign
languages
( )4.
According
to
the
passage,
Panasonic
will
________
in
the
future.
A.
sell
Megahonyaku
to
foreign
visitors
B.
bring
down
the
price
of
Megahonyaku
C.
change
the
screen
of
Megahonyaku
D.
improve
Megahonyaku
regularly
Passage
5
Artificial
intelligence(AI)(人工智能)
is
the
ability
of
a
computer
program
or
a
machine.
The
computer
or
the
machine
with
AI
can
think
and
learn.
It
is
also
a
field
of
study
that
tries
to
make
computers
“smart”.
John
McCarthy,
a
scientist,
came
up
with(提出)
the
name
“artificial
intelligence”
over
60
years
ago.
Many
things
such
as
learning
and
problem
solving
can
be
done
by
computers,
though
not
in
the
same
way
as
people
do.
An
unusual
goal
of
AI
research
is
to
create
special
computer
programs.
They
can
learn,
solve
problems,
and
think
logically(逻辑地).
At
present,
AI
can
successfully
understand
human
speech,
recognize(识别)
human
faces,
operate
self?driving
cars
and
compete
in
some
game
systems
like
playing
Chess.
However,
some
people
consider(认为)
AI
a
danger
to
humans
if
it
develops
too
quickly.
A
famous
British
scientist
also
was
not
for
this
kind
of
technology.
Math
is
the
basic
language
of
AI.
If
students
are
good
at
math,
they
will
be
more
likely
to
become
successful
AI
designers(设计者)
in
the
future.
We
need
not
only
bright
students
but
also
average(普通的)
students.
As
for(对于)
average
students,
if
they
get
enough
math
skills,
they
can
also
become
successful
AI
designers.
Besides,
a
good
knowledge
of
computer
science
is
also
necessary
for
AI
designing.
Scientists
hope
to
create
creative(有创造力的)
and
emotional(有情感的)
AI.
The
AI
can
possibly
understand
human
feelings
or
create
art.
Many
ways
and
tools
have
been
tried
to
discover
this
wide
and
exciting
field.
( )1.
From
Paragraph
1,
we
know
that
________．
A.
all
problems
can
be
solved
by
computers
B.
machines
with
AI
can
think
and
learn
C.
AI
has
been
around
for
only
60
years
D.
AI
works
in
the
same
way
as
people
( )2.According
to
the
passage,
what
can't
AI
do
at
present?
A.
Understand
human
speech.
B.
Operate
self?driving
cars.
C.
Compete
in
some
game
systems.
D.
Understand
human
feelings.
( )3.
The
underlined
word
“it”
in
Paragraph
2
refers
to(指的是)________．
A.
chess
B.
a
scientist
C.
the
danger
D.
AI
( )4.
According
to
the
passage,
if
students
want
to
become
successful
AI
designers,
they
should
learn
________
well.
A.
math
and
art
B.
art
and
technology
C.
math
and
computer
science
D.
art
and
computer
science
( )5.
Paragraph
4
mainly
tells
us
the
scientists'
________
about
AI.
A.
wishes
B.
worries
C.
feelings
D.
discoveries
Passage
6
Fresh
green
grass.
Hundreds
of
colorful
wild
flowers.
Water
running
into
little
pools.
Birds
making
their
homes
in
boxes.
The
9，500?square?metre
Augustenborg
Botanical
Garden
may
look
just
like
any
other
well?organized
park
but
there's
a
difference.
It
lies
on
the
roofs(屋顶)
of
industrial
and
office
buildings
in
the
city
of
Malm?
in
Sweden.
Green
roofs
are
not
a
new
invention.
And
now
they
are
getting
popular
again.
The
common
roofs
of
a
modern
city
have
endless
black
surfaces
with
no
life
or
water.
Perhaps
that's
why
a
garden
on
a
roof
becomes
such
a
perfect
choice
for
more
and
more
people.
Green
roofs
are
not
just
pretty.
They
also
help
to
moderate
the
city
temperature.
The
high
temperatures
on
common
roofs
in
the
summer
can
make
top
floor
flats
uncomfortably
hot.
What
is
more,
they
play
a
part
in
making
the
cities
hotter
than
the
countryside
around
them,
causing
the
“urban
heat?island
effect”.
On
a
green
roof,
however,
with
its
plants
and
water,
temperatures
change
only
a
little,
as
they
do
in
a
park.
This
can
greatly
cut
the
costs
of
heating
and
cooling
in
the
building
below.
Also,
a
green
roof
takes
in
rain
water,
and
protects
the
city
drainage(排水)
system.
________
And
small
animals
and
birds
can
make
their
homes
on
it.
Thanks
to
this,
the
city
may
become
part
of
nature,
rather
than
something
completely
separate
from
it.
While
the
cost
of
building
such
a
roof
can
still
be
higher,
it
can
be
cheaper
in
the
long
term
as
a
result
of
energy
savings.
And
wouldn't
it
be
wonderful
to
be
able
to
walk
out
into
a
garden
high
above
the
city's
noise
and
traffic,
whether
you're
at
school
or
in
an
office
or
just
at
home
in
a
ten?floor
block?
( )1.
With
the
example
of
Augustenborg
Botanical
Garden,
the
writer
wants
to
explain
________．
A.
how
wildlife
is
protected
B.
what
a
green
roof
is
like
C.
how
to
organize
a
good
park
D.
what
to
do
with
a
spare
roof
( )2.
The
underlined
word
“moderate”
in
Paragraph
3
is
the
closest
in
meaning
to
“________”．
A.
raise
B.
check
C.
record
D.
control
( )3.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
best
sentence
to
fill
in
the
blank
in
Paragraph
4?
A.
A
green
roof
is
alive.
B.
A
green
roof
stops
pollution.
C.
A
common
roof
is
noisy.
D.
A
common
roof
increases
the
cost.
( )4.
The
purpose
of
the
passage
is
to______．
A.
discover
the
problems
with
green
roofs
B.
introduce
the
change
of
green
roofs
C.
show
the
amazing
beauty
of
green
roofs
D.
describe
the
advantages
of
green
roofs
其他热点
Passage
7
In
1987,
a
small
company
named
Huawei
was
started
in
Shenzhen.
After
more
than
30
years
of
development,
the
company
has
now
beaten
Apple
and
become
the
world's
second?largest
maker
of
smartphones
behind
Korea's
Samsung.
It
has
also
become
the
world's
largest
supplier(供应商)of
5G.
But
recently,
Huawei
faced
some
difficulties.
The
U．S.
government
ordered
a
ban(禁令)on
its
sales
in
America.
American
officials
said
Huawei
gave
information
that
it
collected
to
the
Chinese
government.
At
the
same
time,
the
U．S.
government
planned
to
stop
selling
parts
and
services
to
Huawei,
which
was
believed
that
Huawei's
business
would
be
hurt.
“We
have
never
received
such
a
request
from
Chinese
government
and
we
have
never
tried
to
get
into
other
system
to
collect
information.”
Ren
Zhengfei,
Huawei's
founder
and
president
said.“The
ban
from
the
U．S.
would
have
little
effect
on
our
company.
Huawei
has
enough
ability
to
deal
with
the
problems.”
Ren
added.
In
an
interview
several
years
ago,
Ren
Zhengfei
said,
“I
started
Huawei
with
only
￡4，000
at
the
beginning,
but
now
it
has
become
a
?$100
billion
company.
The__experience__was__not__as__romantic__(浪漫的)as__you__imagine.”
Facing
the
ban
of
the
U．S.,
Huawei
is
growing.
Huawei's
smartphone
sales
around
the
world
rose
50
percent
compared
to
a
year
earlier
in
the
first
three
months
of
2019.
At
the
same
time,
sales
from
both
Samsung
and
Apple
fell.
So
far,
Huawei
has
grown
into
the
world's
largest
telecommunication
equipment(电信设备)supplier,
selling
in
170
countries.
It
may
beat
Samsung
as
the
largest
smartphone
maker
in
the
near
future.
( )1.
Which
company
is
the
largest
smartphone
supplier
of
5G
in
the
world?
A.
Apple.
B.
Samsung.
C.
Huawei.
D.
Nokia.
( )2.
Why
did
the
U．S.
order
a
ban
on
Huawei?
A.
Huawei's
sales
in
America
were
growing
faster
than
Apple.
B.
Huawei
refused
to
supply
services
to
the
U．S.
government.
C.
They
didn't
want
Apple
to
sell
parts
and
services
to
Huawei.
D.
They
thought
Huawei
collected
information
for
the
Chinese
government.
( )3.
From
what
Ren
Zhengfei
said,
we
can
learn
that
Huawei________．
A.
is
deeply
affected
by
the
ban
B.
has
got
into
the
system
of
the
U．S.
C.
can
solve
the
problems
they
are
facing
D.
is
asked
to
supply
information
to
China
( )4.
The
underlined
sentence
in
Paragraph
4
means________．
A.
Huawei's
developing
experience
was
hard
B.
it
is
romantic
to
start
a
company
with
￡4，000
C.
the
romantic
experience
was
a
large
amount
of
wealth
D.
people
can
understand
Huawei's
developing
experience
easily
( )5.
What
does
the
writer
want
to
tell
in
the
last
paragraph?
A.
Huawei
will
grow
slowly.
B.
Huawei
is
full
of
hope.
C.
Huawei's
sales
will
be
doubled.
D.
Huawei
is
the
largest
smartphone
maker.
Passage
8
There
is
good
news
for
students
of
vocational(职业的)
colleges
in
China:
the
government
has
announced
plans
to
develop
modern
vocational
education.
Premier
Li
Keqiang
said
the
government
should
speed
up
the
development
of
modern
vocational
education
to
meet
the
need
for
skilled
workers
and
technicians(技术人员)
in
the
job
market.
High
school
graduates
and
workers
with
no
special
training
are
encouraged
to
study
in
higher
vocational
colleges.
Li
said
that
the
number
of
the
new
students
in
higher
vocational
colleges
in
China
should
go
up
by
1
million
this
year.
This
is
the
first
time
the
central
government
has
a
clear
plan.
This
comes
after
the
news
of
the
large
shortfall(不足)
in
highly
skilled
technicians,
although
China
has
millions
of
technical
workers.
China
is
expected
to
face
a
shortfall
of
3
million
skilled
workers
who
can
operate
the
newest
machines
by
2020.
The
shortfall
will
grow
to
4.5
million
by
2025.
Also,
vocational
education
is
unsatisfactory(不令人满意的),
although
there
are
many
vocational
colleges
in
China.
In
some
vocational
colleges,
the
education
methods
and
courses
cannot
meet
the
need
of
upgrading(升级)
manufacturing(制造业).
As
can
be
seen
from
the
job
market,
some
companies
still
can't
find
highly
skilled
technicians
even
with
high
pay.
To
deal
with
the
problem,
some
vocational
colleges
have
worked
with
companies
to
teach
students.
They
have
hired
skilled
technicians
from
companies
as
teachers.
With
the
rising
of
the
skilled
workers'
social
position
and
pay,
it
is
believed
the
vocational
education
system
in
China
will
start
to
play
a
bigger
role
in
the
development
of
China.
( )1.
What's
the
main
purpose
of
the
development
of
modern
vocational
education
in
China?
A.
To
train
more
highly
skilled
technicians
for
the
job
market.
B.
To
help
vocational
college
graduates
get
higher
pay
from
their
work.
C.
To
ask
more
people
to
live
on
themselves
with
technical
skills.
D.
To
encourage
more
companies
to
upgrade
manufacturing.
( )2.
What
is
one
of
the
problems
of
Chinese
vocational
education
according
to
the
passage?
A.
Higher
vocational
college
teachers
are
not
well
paid
and
valued.
B.
There
are
only
a
small
number
of
higher
vocational
colleges
in
China.
C.
The
education
methods
and
courses
in
vocational
colleges
are
unsatisfactory.
D.
Some
of
the
vocational
college
teachers
are
skilled
technicians
from
companies.
( )3.
The
writer
believes
China's
future
vocational
education
is________．
A.
hopeful
B.
doubtful
C.
unsatisfactory
D.
worrying
Passage
9
Millions
of
American
soybean(大豆)farmers
in
2019
are
losing
money
because
China
is
not
buying
their
crops
any
more.
But
garlic(大蒜)growers
in
California
are
making
more
money.
For
many
years,
sales
of
garlic
in
California
had
been
little
because
of
the
much
cheaper
garlic
from
China.
This
year,
however,
California
garlic
sales
are
rising
because
American
government
increases
tariffs(关税)on
Chinese
products.
Christopher,
a
garlic
grower
in
California,
is
manager
of
his
company
and
he
said,
“In
a
perfect
world,
we
would
love
to
see
the
tariffs
on
China.”
Tariffs
on
Chinese
garlic
rose
from
10%
to
25%
on
May
9,
2019,
and
the
reason
is
that
U．S
President
Donald
Trump
increased
tariffs
on
Chinese
products
worth
of
?$200
billion.
Since
then,
Chinese
buyers
have
almost
stopped
buying
soybeans
from
the
United
States
and
American
soybean
farmers
are
now
getting
worried.
Not
everyone
likes
the
garlic
tariffs
in
the
U．S.
Last
July
Christopher
expressed
his
support
on
Trump's
policy(政策).
However,
officials
from
McCormick
and
Company
Inc.
didn't
agree
with
the
policy.
McCormick's
CEO,
Lawrence
told
Reuters(路透社)that
without
Chinese
garlic
America
can't
go.
Actually,
the
trade
war(贸易战)between
China
and
America
is
a
sign
of
American
hegemony(霸权),
and
it
will
destroy
American
economy
and
U．S
government
will
lose
its
trust
from
other
countries
in
the
world.
( )1.
From
the
passage
we
infer(推理)that
________．
A.
America
is
buying
garlic
from
China
as
much
as
before
B.
American
soybean
farmers
make
money
as
much
as
before
C.
China
is
still
buying
crops
from
America
as
much
as
before
D.
Garlic
growers
in
California
are
making
more
money
than
before
( )2.
Why
is
less
Chinese
garlic
bought
by
America
this
year?
A.
Because
enough
garlic
is
grown
in
California.
B.
Because
American
government
has
increased
tax(税收)on
Chinese
garlic.
C.
Because
China
is
not
buying
soybeans
from
America.
D.
Because
companies
support
American
government.
( )3.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“it”
in
the
last
paragraph
refer
to?
A.
China
B.
the
trade
C.
American
hegemony
D.
a
sign
( )4.
How
much
tariff
did
American
government
increase
on
Chinese
garlic
on
May
9,
2019?
A.
15%
B.
25%
C.
10%
D.
35%
( )5.
According
to
the
passage,
who
disagrees
with
the
American
policy
of
having
tariffs
on
Chinese
products?
A.
Christopher
B.
Donald
Trump
C.
California
garlic
growers
D.
Lawrence
彰显中国实力与美
(时间：8～10分钟 分值：2分/小题)
Passage
1
More
than
330
million
visitors
are
expected
to
take
part
in
the
19th
National
Science
and
Technology
Week
in
China
from
May
19
to
26.
During
the
science
week,
open
days
will
be
held
to
let
people
experience
how
science
and
technology
have
improved
our
lives.
Around
50，000
scientists
will
enter
schools
and
villages
to
educate
and
work
together
with
local
people.
The
science
week
this
year
is
a
big
one
because
it
will
show
China's
recent
scientific
achievements.
And
this
year
China
will
celebrate
its
70th
birthday.
It's
an
important
year
for
the
purpose
of
building
a
well?off
society(小康社会)by
2020.
Since
there
are
still
some
poor
areas
in
China,
science
and
technology
will
be
very
helpful
in
their
development.
Reaching
out
to
the
world
is
also
a
best
part
of
this
year.
Experts(专家)from
13
countries
within
the
Belt
and
Road(一带一路)will
take
part
in
the
science
week
and
they
will
also
work
with
the
public.
( )1.
The
19th
National
Science
and
Technology
Week
will
start
on________
in
China.
A.
May
19
B.
May
20
C.
May
25
D.
May
26
( )2.
Many
scientists
will
enter
schools
and
villages
to________．
A.
sell
the
latest
products
to
local
people
B.
learn
more
about
the
local
environment
C.
collect
money
for
their
scientific
research
D.
educate
and
work
together
with
local
people
( )3.
According
to
the
passage,
the
science
week
this
year
will________．
A.
send
scientists
out
to
the
world
B.
show
China's
recent
scientific
achievements
C.
see
new
schools
built
in
villages
D.
improve
the
social
abilities
of
Chinese
people
( )4.
This
passage
is
most
probably________．
A.
a
piece
of
news
B.
a
piece
of
advice
C.
a
story
D.
a
letter
Passage
2
“Made
in
China”is
having
its
moment
now—and
it's
a
fashionable
one.
The
story
of
Chinese
fashion
began
in
2011
when
Feiyue
and
Huili,
both
Chinese
sports
shoe
brands(品牌),
suddenly
got
international
attention
.Their
products
were
seen
all
over
the
world.
Chinese
sportswear
brand
Li
Ning
was
at
the
New
York
Fashion
Week
in
September,
2018.
They
showed
their
new
designs—sweaters
and
jackets
with
Chinese
characters.
Shaun
Rein,
managing
director
of
China
Market
Research
Group,
said
that
the
latest
Chinese
brands
no
longer
catch
customers'
eyes
by
low
price.
He
told
CNN，“They
are
sure
that
they
can
go
head
to
head
with
foreign
brands.”
Maybe
it
is
because
China's
young
people
are
now
more
confident
about
their
own
culture.
They
don't
show
immediate
interest
in
western
culture
any
more.
“Today's
young
people
in
China
are
crazy
about
Chinese
cultural
elements(元素)，”Jin
Qu,
the
manager
of
a
clothing
shopping
website,
said
at
a
cultural
festival
in
2018.“They
like
these
elements
printed
on
their
clothes,
even
the
brand
picture
of
Laoganma
in
China,
which
was
once
seen
as
outside
of
fashion.
But
now
young
people
are
proud
of
these
Chinese
symbols.”
In
fact,
many
stars
in
the
West
are
now
interested
in
Chinese
cultural
elements
in
fashion.
Rihanna,
a
US
singer,
for
example,
wore
a
Chinese
red
dress
to
the
2015
Met
Gala
in
New
York.
The
dress
was
designed
and
made
by
Chinese
designer
Guo
Pei.
“We
have
to
move
from
making
to
creating，”
Chinese?American
designer
Aric
Chen
once
told
The
New
York
Times.“We
want
to
replace
the
words‘Made
in
China’with
‘Designed
in
China’．”
( )1.
The
new
designs
of
Li
Ning
Company
in
September,
2018
were
________．
A.
coats
and
scarves
in
Chinese
red
B.
sweaters
and
jackets
with
English
words
C.
coats
and
scarves
with
American
symbols
D.
sweaters
and
jackets
with
Chinese
characters
( )2.
The
underlined
word“They”in
Paragraph
5
refers
to
________．
A.
today's
young
people
in
China
B.
the
workers
in
Jin
Qu's
shop
C.
some
famous
stars
in
the
West
D.
Directors
of
some
Chinese
companies
( )3.
What
can
be
the
best
title
for
the
passage?
A.
Chinese
Clothes
Brands
B.
Sports
in
China
C.
Chinese
Cultural
Festival
D.
Designed
in
China
( )4.
The
passage
above
may
be
taken
from
a(n)________．
A.
newspaper
B.
guidebook
C.
novel
D.
ad
Passage
3
The
world's
largest
radio
telescope
was
finished
on
Sept.25,
2017
in
China.
FAST
is
a
five?hundred?meter
telescope.
It
is
also
called
Tianyan(“The
Eye
of
Heaven”),
with
a
dish
the
size
of
30
football
grounds,
deep
in
the
mountains
of
southwest
China's
Guizhou
Province.
The
giant
dish
is
built
on
a
bowl?like
valley.
The
surrounding
area
has
“radio
silence”
as
there
are
no
towns
and
cities
within
a
5?kilometer
radius(半径范围)
and
only
one
county
center
within
25
kilometers.
FAST
is
made
up
of
4，450
panels(面板).
The
second
largest
radio
telescope
is
in
Russia.
The
bigger
dish
will
be
able
to
pick
up
weaker
signals(信号)．
The
radio
telescope
is
like
an
ear,
listening
to
tell
meaningful
radio
messages
from
white
noise
in
the
universe.
With
the
help
of
the
telescope,
we
can
receive
weaker
and
more
radio
messages
far
away
in
space.
It
will
help
us
to
search
for
intelligent
life
outside
of
the
Galaxy(银河系)
and
explore
the
origins(起源)
of
the
universe.
“Any
of
its
discoveries
will
lead
to
a
Nobel
Prize，”
said
Joseph
Taylor,
a
Noble
Prize
winner.
The
FAST
project
began
in
2011.
And
the
telescope
is
expected
to
remain
the
global
leader
for
the
next
10
to
20
years.
( )1.
Where
was
FAST
developed?
A.
In
China.
B.
In
Russia.
C.
In
America.
( )2.
The
underlined
word
“giant”
probably
means
“________”
in
Chinese.
A.
神秘的
B.
巨大的
C.
宽广的
( )3.
FAST
is
used
to
________．
A.
explore
the
origins
of
human
beings
B.
receive
distant
radio
messages
from
the
universe
C.
watch
the
beautiful
scenery
of
the
Galaxy
( )4.
From
the
passage,
we
can
know
that
________．
A.
FAST
is
the
largest
radion
telescope
all
over
the
world
so
far
B.
Noisy
towns
are
around
the
telescope
within
a
5?kilometer
radius
C.
The
second?largest
radio
telescope
is
made
up
of
4，450
panels
( )5.
How
long
did
it
take
to
finish
the
FAST
project?
A.
About
twenty
years.
B.
About
ten
years.
C.
About
six
years.
Passage
4
Earlier
this
year,
China
achieved
a
new
milestone(里程碑)
in
space
exploration.
On
Jan.
3,
Chang'e
4
became
the
first
space
probe(探测器)in
history
to
successfully
land
on
the
far
side
(dark
side)
of
the
moon.
After
a
26?day
journey,
it
touched
softly
down
on
a
crater.
The
whole
process
of
landing
lasted
12
minutes,
which
opened
a
new
page
in
history
of
mankind's
space
exploration.
The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
the
side
that
we
can
not
see.
We
don't
know
much
about
it.
This
landing
is
of
great
importance.
The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
an
ideal(理想的)place
for
scientific
research.
It
may
have
unique
minerals(矿物质)and
other
resources.
Scientists
can
make
clearer
observations
of
deep
space
from
there.
Chang'e
4
has
sent
back
photos
of
the
far
side
of
the
moon.
It
is
also
being
used
to
carry
out
experiments.
The
data(数据)collected
from
these
experiments
could
be
used
to
help
us
build
a
base
on
the
moon
in
the
future.
The
success
of
the
Chang'e
4
mission(任务)is
a
major
achievement
for
China's
space
program.
China
launched
its
lunar(月球的)exploration
program
in
2004,
naming
it
Chang'e.
Chinese
scientists
set
three
goals—“orbiting(环绕运行),
landing
and
sample(样本)
returning”.
Chang'e
4
has
realized
the
second
goal.
The
third
will
be
achieved
during
the
Chang'e
5
mission,
which
is
set
to
take
place
before
the
end
of
this
year.
Following
the
success
of
the
Chang'e
missions,
Chinese
scientists
are
looking
even
farther
into
our
solar
system(太阳系)．China's
first
Mars
mission
is
expected
to
be
carried
out
by
2020.
( )1.
Chang'e
4
is
the
first
space
probe
in
the
world
to
land
________．
A.
in
deep
space
B.
on
the
moon
C.
on
the
near
side
of
the
moon
D.
on
the
far
side
of
the
moon
( )2.
What's
the
most
important
about
the
landing
place?
A.
It's
far
from
the
earth.
B.
It
has
many
resources.
C.
It's
ideal
for
scientific
research.
D.
It's
dark
and
unknown.
( )3.
The
underlined
word“observations”
in
paragraph
2
means
________．
A.
学习
B.
观察
C.
描述
D.
庆祝
( )4.
Which
of
the
following
is
the
second
goal
of
China's
lunar
exploration
program?
A.
Landing
on
the
moon.
B.
Bringing
some
samples
back
to
the
earth.
C.
Building
a
base
on
the
moon.
D.
Traveling
around
the
moon.
( )5.
What
can
be
the
best
title
of
the
passage?
A.
The
Space
Probe.
B.
Exploring
the
Moon.
C.
The
Three
Goals.
D.
Exploring
the
Mars.
Passage
5
On
April
26,
2017,
a
big
Chinese
ship
caught
the
eyes
of
the
whole
world.
China's
first
homemade
aircraft
carrier(航空母舰)hit
the
water
in
Dalian,
Liaoning.
The
new
big
ship
is
China's
second
aircraft
carrier.
It
was
designed
in
China
and
built
in
China,
too.
It
is
about
315
meters
long
and
75
meters
wide.
That
is
a
bit
larger
than
three
soccer
fields.
An
aircraft
carrier
is
like
an
airport
on
the
sea.
It
can
carry
planes
and
troops
to
war.
Planes
fly
from
the
carrier
and
land
back
on
it,
and
soldiers
work
and
live
on
it,
too.
But
building
an
aircraft
carrier
is
so
hard
and
expensive.
It
costs
a
lot
of
money
and
needs
a
large
amount
of
steel
and
other
special
materials.
For
example,
a
basic
aircraft
carrier
is
made
of
60，000
tons
of
steel.
It
also
uses
complex(复杂的)technologies,
including
radar,
electrics,
mechanics
and
weapons.
Finally,
it
takes
years
to
build
one.
Today,
not
many
countries
own
an
aircraft
carrier
or
have
the
ability
to
build
one.
China
has
become
the
seventh
country
in
the
world
that
can
build
an
aircraft
carrier
by
itself,
after
the
USA,
Russia,
England,
France,
Italy
and
Spain.
( )1.
In
which
year
did
China's
first
homemade
aircraft
carrier
hit
the
water?
A.
In
2017.
B.
In
2016.
C.
In
2018.
D.
In
2019.
( )2.
What's
the
best
title
of
this
passage?
A.
An
Airport
on
the
Sea
B.
China
Has
Bought
the
Second
Aircraft
Carrier
C.
China's
Homemade
Aircraft
Carrier
D.
The
Sixth
Country
to
Build
an
Aircraft
Carrier
( )3.
What
is
not
needed
to
build
the
aircraft
carrier?
A.
Special
materials.
B.
Technologies.
C.
Steel.
D.
Wood.
( )4.
How
many
aircraft
carriers
does
China
have
according
to
the
passage?
A.
One.
B.
Two.
C.
Three.
D.
Four.
( )5.
How
does
the
writer
feel
about
the
homemade
aircraft
carrier
in
China?
A.
Proud.
B.
Worried.
C.
Upset.
D.
Hopeless.
Passage
6
The
construction(建设)of
high?speed
railways
in
China
began
with
the
building
of
the
Qinhuangdao?Shenyang
High?Speed
Railway(HSR)
in
1999.
Now
the
high?speed
rail
network
in
China
is
the
largest
in
the
world.
So
far,
there
have
been
about
1700
kilometers
of
HSR
in
service,
along
with
trains
of
an
average(平均)speed
of
220
km/h.
Now
Chinese
government
plans
to
spend
$300
million
building
the
largest
and
fastest
HSR
system
in
the
world
by
2020.
It's
said
that
the
trains
can
run
400km/h
and
create
new
business
for
China
and
other
countries
through
the
Belt
and
Road.(一带一路)
It's
predicted
that
the
HSR
network
in
China
will
reach
30，000
kilometers
and
it
will
be
like
a
grid,__which
is
mainly
made
up
of
8
long?distance
high?speed
rail
lines:
four
north?south
HSR
lines
and
four
east?west
HSR
lines.
Except
for
the
Qingdao?Taiyuan
HSR,
all
HSR
lines
of
the
rail
grid
are
longer
than
1，000
kilometers.
Feng
Hao,
an
expert,
says
“Many
markets
along
the
Belt
and
Road,
especially
in
Central
Asia,
Southeast
Asia,
the
Middle
East
and
Eastern
European
countries,
are
planning
to
build
HSR
lines.
They
look
forward
to
getting
technological
support
from
China”．
( )1.
________
is
the
first
HSR
line
in
China.
A.
The
Qinhuangdao?Shenyang
HSR.
B.
The
Qingdao?Taiyuan
HSR.
C.
The
Beijing?Shanghai
HSR.
D.
The
Qinhuangdao?Shanghai
HSR.
( )2.
By
2020,
the
trains
will
run________
km/h
faster
than
that
at
present.
A.
400
B.
300
C.
220
D.
180
( )3.
What
does
the
underlined
word
“grid”
in
Paragraph
3
mean?
( )4.
What
does
the
expert
Feng
Hao
say?
A.
Our
country
supports
other
countries
in
money.
B.
Many
markets
are
not
planning
to
build
HSR
lines.
C.
Our
country
plans
to
spend
$300
million
building
HSR
system.
D.
Other
countries
want
to
get
technological
support
from
our
country
in
HSR.
( )5.
Which
of
the
following
is
mentioned?
A.
The
first
builders
of
HSR.
B.
The
speed
of
HSR.
C.
The
building
materials
of
HSR.
D.
The
ticket
price
of
HSR.
Passage
7
It's
a
hot
time
for
Chinese
language
learning
across
the
world,
not
only
because
of
China's
higher
position
in
the
world
but
also
because
of
the
increasing
economic(经济的)and
cultural
connections
between
China
and
other
countries.
For
example,
the
United
Arab
Emirates
(UAE)(阿拉伯联合酋长国)
plans
to
open
Chinese
language
courses
in
200
public
primary
and
middle
schools,
so
experienced
Chinese
teachers
are
needed.
Other
Chinese
courses
opened
across
the
world
show
the
increasing
need
for
Chinese?speaking
talent.
Mandarin(普通话)became
an
elective(选修的)foreign
language
in
Russia's
college
entrance
exam.
Following
English,
German,
French,
and
Spanish,
Mandarin
has
become
the
fifth
elective
test
subject
for
the
exam.
Spain
has
more
than
40，000
people
learning
Chinese.
Last
year
about
8，000
people
took
the
Chinese
Proficiency
Test
(HSK)
exam.
The
number
of
people
who
took
the
test
was
the
biggest,
according
to
Xinhua
News
Agency.
In
the
US,
learning
Chinese
has
been
thriving
for
many
years
and
is
now
a
popular
choice
for
American
children,
especially
those
who
were
born
in
good
families.
The
children
begin
to
learn
Chinese
at
an
early
age
because
their
parents
believe
that
learning
Chinese
will
help
them
build
successful
international
careers(职业)．
( )1.
Why
is
Chinese
language
learning
so
hot?
A.
Because
many
foreigners
like
China's
culture.
B.
Because
China
has
the
highest
position
in
the
world.
C.
Because
China
helps
a
lot
of
countries
to
develop.
D.
Because
China
has
more
international
influence
around
the
world.
( )2.
The
following
languages
are
elective
test
subjects
in
Russia
EXCEPT
________．
A.
French
B.
Spanish
C.
Japanese
D.
Mandarin
( )3.
The
Chinese
meaning
of
the
underlined
word
“thriving”
is
____．
A.
兴盛
B.
衰落
C.
改变
D.
开办
( )4.
What
can
we
know
about
Chinese
learning
around
the
world?
A.
The
UAE
needs
experienced
English
teachers.
B.
All
American
children
learn
Chinese
from
an
early
age.
C.
About
one
fifth
of
the
Spanish
learning
Chinese
took
the
HSK
in
2018.
D.
The
Mandarin
exam
must
be
taken
before
going
to
Russia's
colleges.
( )5.
The
main
idea
of
the
passage
is
____．
A.
more
people
in
the
UAE
begin
to
learn
Chinese
B.
Chinese
language
learning
is
popular
around
the
world
C.
some
foreign
countries
want
more
Chinese
teachers
D.
many
American
children
are
learning
Chinese
now
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阅读理解专题解析(五)
科普知识与事物发展史
Passage
1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。大多数科学家认为学生应该花更少的时间记忆事实，有更多的空间进行创造性活动。随着互联网变得越来越强大，学生可以很容易地获取知识。而文章通过举例论述了我们不应该过度依赖机器和网络获取知识。
1.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么智能机器可能会增加我们的偏见？根据短文第三段最后一句“In
the
process,
human
beings
still
decide
on
the
correct
answers.”可知与选项B“因为我们控制这个训练过程。”相符合。故选B。
2.
C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从互联网上获取信息的便利性
。根据短文第四段最后一句“This
can
lead
to
the
mistaken
belief—the
knowledge
we
found
was
part
of
what
we
knew
all
along.”可知与C项相符合。故选C。
3.
A 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第五段的词“collapse”可能是什么意思？根据该句中的“produce
terrible
results”可推断出选项应该是负面词汇。文章中没有提到开始，此处应是指网络的瘫痪。故选A。
4.
D 【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：作者写这篇文章的主要目的是什么？通过第一段末尾提出问题“学生们为什么应该被要求在大脑中储存如此多的知识？”引出了作者观点。文章第二、三、四、五段讲述人类是否需要记忆大量信息，第六段论述全文论点，得出依赖机器去记忆存在的风险。D项是写文章的目的。故选D。
Passage
2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍了什么是社会认同感及其产生的原因。
1.
B 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：在文章的开头，作者通过
引入主题。根据文章第一段举了在公园仰望天空和音乐会鼓掌两个例子可知，作者通过举例引出文章主题。故选B。
2.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据第三段，Asch的实验显示了
。根据第三段第二句“It
shows
how
social
proof
can
influence
us.”及下文具体实验结果可知，社会认同感会改变一个人的想法。故选B。
3.
C 【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：第四段中划线单词“It”指代
。根据上句“We
are
descendants(后代)of
those
who
copied
others'
actions.”及下文可知，此处表示复制他人的行为深深地植根于我们的心中。It指代复制他人的行为。故选C。
4.
D 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，我们可以推断出
。根据最后一段最后一句“So
be
careful
whenever
a
company
says
its
products
are
‘the
most
popular'.”可推知，跟随别人时要三思而后行。故选D。
Passage
3
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。在文中作者回答了有关身体的几个问题，介绍了吃冰淇淋头痛、饥饿的时候胃会发出声音、尴尬的时候脸红和哈欠会传染的原因。
1.
B 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“tighten”是什么意思？根据文章第三段中“...relax
to
let
blood
flow
rise;
that
sudden
rush
of
blood
is
what
causes
the
headache.”可推断出tighten和relax(放松)的意思是相反的。故“变紧”符合语境。故选B。
2.
A 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：下列哪个句子可以补充在横线上？根据前两句“Think
of
your
digestive
tract(消化道)
...move
food,
fluids
and
gas
through
your
digestive
tract.”可知是解释了胃发出声音的原因。故选A。
3.
D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：下列哪个说法是正确的？根据文章的最后一段第一、二句“Have
you
ever
yawned
in
front...researchers
don't
have
a
good
explanation
for
it.”可知研究人员不能解释出打哈欠互相传染的原因。故选D。
4.
B 【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：文章最好的标题是什么？本文中作者主要回答了有关身体的几个问题，所以我们对于自己的身体会感到很奇怪，“Our
Strange
Body”适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。
Passage
4
【主旨大意】本文是一篇科普文。通过研究发现，和父母一起吃饭的儿童都和父母比较亲近，感觉父母参与他们的生活；这些孩子身心两方面都健康；孩子有良好的社交能力，不好斗；而且这些孩子不容易逃学、不容易沾染吸毒酗酒等不良习惯。
1.
A 【解析】标题归纳题。题干意义：这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？通读短文和第二段中“...eating
with
their
families
is
not
only
about
preventing
bad
outcomes(结果)，it
is
also
about
developing
good
ones.”可知短文介绍的是一起用餐的好处。故选A。
2.
D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：和家人一起用餐的孩子们更有可能
。
根据短文第四段最后一句“They
also
claim
that
when
teens
say
they
feel
closer
to
their
parents...”可知他们感觉和父母更亲近。故选D。
3.
C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么在最后一段要提及Pagani教授？通过短文最后一句话“She
adds
that
they
may
likely
help
the
child
have
better
communication
skills
with
others.”可知经常和孩子一起用餐，很可能会帮助孩子和别人有更良好的沟通能力。此处是为了进一步解释。故选C。
4.
D 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：这篇文章很可能取自于哪里？本文属于科普文，故选D。
Passage
5
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上的卫星导航系统并详细介绍了中国的北斗卫星导航系统的发展。
1.
A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，最初人们如何找到路？根据第一段第二句“At
first,
people
did
it
by
looking
at
the
sun,
the
moon
and
stars.”可知答案为A。
2.
C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：文中一共提到了多少卫星导航系统？根据第三段第一句“...the
Global(全球的)Positioning
System(GPS)
of
the
United
States.”及最后一句
“Russia's
GLONASS
and
European
Union's
Galileo
can
also
work
globally.”和第四段第一句“The
BeiDou
Navigation
Satellite
System(BDS)．..”可知文中提到了四个卫星导航系统，故选C。
3.
C 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段中划线单词“locate”是什么意思？根据文章内容可知该句意为美国将24颗卫星投入太空来确保卫星导航系统能准确地在全球范围内定位人。故选C。
4.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：关于北斗系统你了解什么？根据第三段第一句可知最早的卫星导航系统是美国的，而不是北斗系统，A错误；根据文章最后一句可知到2020年北斗系统将开始全球化服务，B正确；根据倒数第二段第一句可知如今有超过20颗北斗卫星，C错误。故选B。
Passage
6
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的内容与天空颜色变换有关，天空本身是没有颜色的，它是在太阳光经过散射后形成了不同的颜色。
1.
C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：飞机不能尽可能地往高飞是因为
。根据第二段第三、四句“Planes
can't
fly
very
high.
That
is
because
the
air
gets
thinner
when
they
go
higher.”可知越到高处空气越稀薄。故选C。
2.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：当你站在高山顶上，你将会看到
。根据第三段第三、四句“The
color
would
be...see
fewer
clouds
in
the
sky
between
you
and
the
sun.”可知你会看到更少的云。故选B。
3.
A 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：在遂宁，我们可以在夏季的一天中大约
看到天空有很多颜色。根据第三段最后两句“When
the
sun
rises
and
falls,
you
will
see
red,
orange,
and
other
colors
in
the
sky.
Such
are
the
most
beautiful
moments
of
the
day.”可推知在太阳升起和落下的时候，会在天空中看到不同的颜色，结合四个备选项可知，夏季太阳在傍晚七点落山是符合常理的。故选A。
4.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：天空变换颜色是因为
。根据最后一段第一句“Now
you
may
understand
that
we
see
colors
because
the
air
scatters(使散射)the
sunlight.”可知答案。故选B。
5.
C 【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：哪个是最好的标题？通读全文可知文章主要介绍天空的颜色为什么会改变。故选C。
健康生活
Passage
1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡眠是最简单、最便宜的改善健康的方法，以及睡眠少的危害、睡眠对工作的影响。
1.
D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据作者的说法，最容易又最便宜的改善健康的方法是
。根据第一段第二句“But
the
easiest
and
cheapest
way
to
improve
your
health
is
just
to
sleep
eight
hours
or
more
every
night.”可知，作者认为最容易又最便宜的改善健康的方法是每天晚上睡八个小时或者更多。故选D。
2.
C 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第二段中的“sleep?deprived”的意思是什么？根据上一句中关键词“are
not
sleeping
enough”和下一句中“Having
less
sleep”可知，本句指“根据世界健康组织，世界上超过一半的人可能睡眠不足”。故选C。
3.
C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据詹姆斯·马斯博士的说法，睡眠像什么？根据第四段第三句中“...Sleep
is
like
a
credit
(信用)
card...”可知，他认为夜晚睡觉就像一张信用卡。故选C。
4.
B 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：第五段中的名言是什么意思？根据名言中最后一句“You
will
be
able
to
do
more.”可知，这段名言认为睡眠是有帮助的。故选B。
5.
A 【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：本文最好的标题是什么？阅读短文可知，本文主要介绍了睡眠对于健康和工作的重要性，也就是睡眠的价值。故选A。
Passage
2
【主旨大意】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了水中锻炼及它的好处。
1.
C 【解析】段落大意题。题干意为：第二段主要是关于什么的？根据第二段第一、二句“Aquatic
exercise
feels
easier
than
exercising
on
land.
Why？”可知，本段主要是在介绍水中锻炼的好处。故选C。
2.
A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：大多数人认为水中锻炼怎么样？根据第三段第一句“In
fact,
most
people
say
they
feel
more
relaxed
in
the
water.”可知，大多数人认为水中锻炼使他们感到放松。故选A。
3.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，水中锻炼是
。根据最后一段最后一句“Aquatic
exercise
is
for
everyone.”可知，B项符合题意。故选B。
4.
B
【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：我们可以在杂志的哪个部分读到这篇文章？本文是在介绍一种新型的健身方式——水中锻炼，并号召人们积极参与，可见这是一篇与健康话题有关的文章。故选B。
Passage
3
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了蹦床运动的好处，人们在做蹦床运动时应注意的安全注意事项以及初学者可以掌握的蹦床时的动作要领。
1.
A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，我们能从蹦床中得到什么好处？根据文中第二段第三句“It
helps
bones
and
muscles
grow
and
improves
your
balance
by
stimulating
the
inner
ear.”可知蹦床可以帮助骨头和肌肉生长，并通过刺激内耳改善平衡。故选A。
2.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我们可以如何安全地蹦床？根据文中第三段最后一句“Remember:
whenever
you
are
on
a
trampoline,
be
careful
not
to
jump
near
the
edge
of
it.”可知无论什么时候蹦床，都不要在靠近边缘的地方蹦床，应选择中间区域。故选B。
3.
D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：哪一张图片展示了抱膝跳？根据文中关于Tuck
Jump的表述“At
the
top
of
your
jump,
bring
the
knees
to
the
chest,
with
the
arms
holding
the
legs.”可知在跳跃时应将膝盖靠近胸，双手臂抱腿。结合所给图片可知D项符合此表述。故选D。
4.
A 【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章介绍
。联系上下文，可知文中主要介绍的是蹦床运动，这种运动可以帮助骨头和肌肉生长，改善我们的平衡力，并且不会给膝盖造成压力，是一种改善健康的运动。故选A。
环境保护
Passage
1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Soechting致力于保护野生动物的故事。
1.
B 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：“Soechting
是这五百只动物的人类‘母亲'”表明了
。通过这句话可以看出Soechting把这些动物们当作了自己的孩子们来对待。由此可知，这些动物们得到了很好的照顾。故选B。
2.
D 【解析】篇章结构题。题干意为：这篇文章的结构可能是
。阅读短文可知，作者在前两段先总地介绍Soechting在农场上照顾动物们；三、四、五段介绍Soechting在保护动物方面的一些具体行动，最后一段简单介绍这个农场的位置和保护野生动物的社会意义。故选D。
3.
D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇短文可知，Soechting
是
。通过Soechting照顾动物可以看出她很善良，从她保护动物的具体行动可以看出她很勤劳。故选D。
4.
B 【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：本文最合适的标题可能是“
”。本文主要讲述了Soechting致力于保护野生动物的故事，文章主体是Soechting和野生动物。故选B。
Passage
2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章首先描述了目前全球存在的塑料污染问题，以及由此造成的危害，然后再举例说明一些国家已经找到一些方法着手解决这个问题，最终想要号召人们减少塑料污染，保护环境。
1.
A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：在作者看来，鸟的死亡是因为它们
。根据第二段倒数第三句“Birds
die
because
of
eating
plastic
straws
and
bottle
caps.”可知，是因为吃了塑料吸管和瓶盖。故选A。
2.
C 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第二段的划线单词“endangers”的意思可能是
。通读第二段可知，本文主要在讲塑料垃圾的危害，所以此处也是在说它危害了海洋生命。故选C。
3.
B 【解析】写作意图题。题干意为：本文的目的主要是
。通读全文可知，文章主要是在讲有关塑料的问题，包括一些废物处理和循环的方法，还列举了一些国家对此问题的解决方法。故选B。
4.
C 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据文章，我们可以判断塑料问题
。根据文章第三段第三句“Though
it
is
hard
work,
it
is
still
a
solvable
problem.”可知，虽然要解决塑料问题很艰难，但是这是可以解决的。故选C。
Passage
3
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一名叫做Bea
Johnson的法国女士提出的“零垃圾”的生活方式，这种生活方式其实就在我们的手指尖，是一种很容易就能做到的保护环境的生活方式。
1.
A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Bea
Johnson建议人们应该
。根据文中第二段第二句“Her
idea
is:
live
a
life
and
try
not
to
create
any...organizations
like
the
Red
Cross.”可知A项与文本信息相符，故选A。
2.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我们可以从文中看到余元
。根据文中第四段第二句“Over
August?October
when
Yu
followed
the
rule
of
zero
waste
6R,
she
and
her
boyfriend
Joe
Harvey
both
produced
only
two
cans
of
rubbish.”可知余元被6R原则影响，并自己在生活中实行了6R原则。故选B。
3.
D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：余元在最后一段中所说的内容意思可能是
。根据文中最后一段“It
is
just
around
us
at
our
finger?tips.”可知这就是手指尖的事情，意指这种生活方式实行起来很简单。故选D。
4.
C 【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：以下哪一项是文章的最佳标题？结合文章上下文可知余元和她的男朋友受到Bea
Johnson的零垃圾生活方式的影响，在自己体验了这种方式后开了一家商店，店中出售物品均与零垃圾生活方式有关，以此来告诉大家零垃圾生活方式不难，呼吁大家加入这种生活方式来保护环境。故选C。
热点话题
Passage
1
【主旨大意】这是一篇说明文。主要通过Brooke利用人工智能语音激活的家庭助手，买了一间玩具屋和一些甜点这一故事，介绍了声控购物的利与弊。
1.
D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章，我们了解到Alexa
。结合文章第一段第四句“It
was
a
voice?activated
home
assistant
powered
by
AI(人工智能)．”可知Alexa是一种人工智能设备。故选D。
2.
A 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第二段中划线单词“rare”的意思可能是
。根据下句“But
many
scientists
predict
a
boom(增长)
in
voice
shopping
in
the
near
future.”可推知，目前这种购物方式是很罕见的。故选A。
3.
A 【解析】句子还原题。题干意为：下面哪个句子放在第三段中的横线上最合适？根据横线后内容“You
can
shout
out
an
order
as
soon
as
you
think
of
it,
even
if
you
are
cooking...”可知横线处应该是讲声控购物的便利性。故选A。
4.
B 【解析】段落大意题。题干意为：第四段主要告诉我们当人们尝试声控购物的时候
。根据第四段倒数第三句“And
what
if
someone
hacks(入侵)the
device？”可知很多人都担心尝试声控购物时，个人信息会被窃取。故选B。
Passage
2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了5G网络的到来，上海成为中国第一个开始测试5G网络的城市。5G比4G网络快100倍，它将帮助人们下载和上传数据的速度比以往都快，它不仅可以使移动互联网更快，还能让人们做更多的事情。
1.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：哪个城市是第一个测试5G网络的？根据文章第二段第二句中
“Shanghai
has
also
become
the
first
city
in
China
to
start
testing
5G
networks
.”可知上海是测试5G网络的第一个城市。故选B。
2.
B 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从文章中我们可以推测到什么？根据文章后三段大意可知5G网络将会使我们的生活越来越便捷，B项正确。故选B。
3.
A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者用自驾车来举例是为了
。根据文章倒数第二段第一句中“5G
will
help
to
make
self?driving
cars
safer.”可知5G对自驾车而言能够使自驾车更加安全。故选A。
4.
C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章，IoT是什么？根据最后一段第一句中的“...that
is,
a
large
online
network
that
connects
all
things
and
people.”可知，它是一个连接人与事物的大型网络系统。故选C。
5.
C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章，下面哪一句是正确的？根据文章最后一段最后一句“...with
IoT,
your
refrigerator
could
automatically(自动地)place
an
order
online
for
eggs
when
it
finds
that
there
are
no
eggs
left
inside.”可知当冰箱里没有鸡蛋的时候，便捷的网络将会帮助冰箱在网上自动购买鸡蛋。故选C。
Passage
3
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了未来的3?D食品、5G网络、水下城市、太空旅行和机器人。
1.
C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章，下面关于未来世界的说法哪一个是正确的？根据第四段第二、三句“The
earth
is
becoming
more
and
more
crowded.
We
may
turn
to
underwater
homes...”可知，水下城市将提供更多的生活空间。故选C。
2.
C 【解析】句子还原题。题干意为：哪个空可以填入“Space
tour
will
be
a
piece
of
cake.”？根据第五段空格后第一句“For
us
common
people
on
the
earth,
the
dream
of
travelling
around
space
will
come
true.”可知，太空旅行将是小菜一碟。故选C。
3.
B 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从文章中我们可以推断出什么？通读全文可知，3?D食品、5G网络、水下城市、太空旅行和机器人将对未来产生重大影响，将会使得我们未来生活更加美好。故选B。
4.
D 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：本篇文章可能来自哪里？本文介绍了未来世界会是什么样的，分别介绍了未来的3?D食品、5G网络、水下城市、太空旅行和机器人，所以本文可能来自一份科学杂志。故选D。
Passage
4
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日本松下公司创造出的一种新型扩音器。
1.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：松下已经生产Megahonyaku以便于
。由文中第一段“To
help
Japanese
companies
better
deal
with
the
increasing
number
of
foreigners...
smartly
translate
Japanese
into
English,
Chinese
and
Korean.”可知松下公司生产扩音器的目的是帮助日本公司更好地应对外国游客数量的上升。故选B。
2.
C 【解析】段落大意题。题干意为：第三段主要是关于Megahonyaku的
。由文中第三段第一句“It
sounds
amazing,
and
seeing
it
in
action
is
wonderful,
but
Megahonyaku
is
not
good
enough.”可知本段落主要是关于Megahonyaku的缺点。故选C。
3.
A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从第四段可以了解到Megahonyaku
。根据文中第四段第二句“Around
30
Japanese
organizations,
including
the
police
and
guides,
have
been
trying
out
Megahonyaku
for
about
one
year...”可知扩音器已在警局使用了一年，由此推测出它可能受警方欢迎。故选A。
4.
D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，松下在未来会
。根据文中第四段最后一句“...and
offering
users
future
improvements
and
necessary
services.”可知松下为使用者提供未来的一些改进和必要服务。故选D。
Passage
5
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了人工智能的起源、具体功能及对人工智能设计者的基本要求，在文章最后对人工智能前景提出了展望。
1．
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从文章第一段，我们知道
。根据第一段第二句“The
computer
or
the
machine
with
AI
can
think
and
learn.”可知，人工智能的电脑或机器可以思考和学习。故选B。
2．
D 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，人工智能现在不能做什么？根据第二段第三句“At
present,
AI
can
successfully
understand
human
speech,
recognize(识别)
human
faces,
operate
self?driving
cars
and
compete
in
some
game
systems
like
playing
Chess.”可知D项未提及到。故选D。
3．
D 【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：第二段画线单词“it”指的是
。根据画线单词所在的句子“However,
some
people
consider(认为)AI
a
danger
to
humans
if
it
develops
too
quickly.”可知，有些人认为如果人工智能发展得太快，会对人类构成威胁。此处的代词it指的是主语AI。故选D。
4．
C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据短文，如果学生们想要成为成功的人工智能设计者，他们应该学好
。根据第三段第一句“Math
is
the
basic
language
of
AI.”以及最后一句“Besides,
a
good
knowledge
of
computer
science
is
also
necessary
for
AI
designing.”可知，想成为成功的人工智能设计者，应该学好数学和电脑科学。故选C。
5．
A 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：第四段主要告诉我们科学家关于人工智能的
。根据第四段第一句“Scientists
hope
to
create
creative(有创造力的)
and
emotional
(有情感的)AI.”可知，科学家们希望创造出具有创造力和情感的人工智能。推理可知，主要表明科学家的愿望。故选A。
Passage
6
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章首先通过一个事例告诉我们什么是绿色房顶，其次展开叙述了绿色房顶有哪些优势，最后讲到虽然目前绿色房顶的造价很高，但是长期而言，相比于绿色屋顶带来的能源节约，建造它的花费就显得微不足道了。
1.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：举Augustenborg
Botanical
Garden的例子，作者是想要解释
。根据第一段倒数两句可知，作者举这个例子主要是想说什么是绿色房顶。故选B。
2.
D 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段的划线单词“moderate”最接近的意思是
。根据第三段第二句“They
also
help
to
moderate
the
city
temperature.”以及第三段段意，可知此处是指对气温的调控或者控制。故选D。
3.
A 【解析】句子还原题。题干意为：下面哪一个句子最适合填在第4段的空白处？根据第四段内容，绿色房顶可以收集雨水，保护排水系统，并且小动物和鸟儿们还可以在这里安家，因此这是一个有生机的房顶。故选A。
4.
D 【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：文章的主要目的是
。通读文章，全文主要讲了绿色房顶有什么优势。故选D。
Passage
7
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章开头告诉我们，美国政府以华为泄密为由禁止其在美国销售，同时也计划停止向华为出售零部件和服务。正文部分通过华为总裁任正非的采访表明，美国的一系列制裁行为是无理的，同时华为也准备好了一系列的应对措施。最后，文章叙述了近几个月华为所取得的成就。
1.
C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：哪家公司是世界上最大的5G供应商？根据第一段第一句“In
1987,
a
small
company
named
Huawei
was
started
in
Shenzhen.”及最后一句“It
has
also
become
the
world's
largest
supplier(供应商)of
5G.”可知，华为已经成为世界上最大的5G供应商。故选C。
2.
D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么美国下令禁止华为在美销售？根据第二段第二、三句“The
U．S.
government
ordered
a
ban(禁令)on
its
sales
in
America.
American
officials
said
Huawei
gave
information
that
it
collected
to
the
Chinese
government.”可知，美国之所以禁止华为在美国销售是因为美国认为华为在美帮助中国政府收集信息。故选D。
3.
C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从任正非的话中，我们可以了解到华为
。根据第三段第一句中的“We
have
never
received
such
a
request
from
Chinese
government
and
we
have
never
tried
to
get
into
other
system
to
collect
information.”可知，B、D选项不正确。根据第三段第二、三句中的“The
ban
from
the
U．S.
would
have
little
effect
on
our
company.
Huawei
has
enough
ability
to
deal
with
the
problems.”可知，A选项错误，C选项正确。故选C。
4.
A 【解析】句意猜测题。题干意为：第四段中划线句子意思是
。根据第四段任正非的回答“I
started
Huawei
with
only￡4，000
at
the
beginning,
but
now
it
has
become
a
?$100
billion
company.
The
experience
was
not
as
romantic
(浪漫的)as
you
imagine.”可知，华为的发展并不容易。故选A。
5.
B 【解析】段落大意题。题干意为：作者在最后一段想说什么？文章最后一段主要告诉我们，在美国制裁后，华为并没有受到很大的影响，相反在一定程度上还取得了更好的销售成绩。且华为的电信设备供应已经遍及了世界上很多个国家和地区。所以华为未来的前景是非常可观的。故选B。
Passage
8
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了为了满足就业市场对熟练工人和技术人员的需求，政府鼓励高中毕业生和未经专门培训的劳动者到高职院校学习，同时也宣布了发展现代职业教育的计划。
1.
A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：
中国发展现代职业教育的主要目的是什么？根据文章第二段第一句“Premier
Li
Keqiang
said
the
government
should
speed
up
the
development
of
modern
vocational
education
to
meet
the
need
for
skilled
workers
and
technicians(技术人员)
in
the
job
market.”可知，中国发展职业教育的主要目的是满足就业市场对熟练工人和技术人员的需求。故选A。
2.
C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：
根据文章，中国职业教育的问题之一是什么？根据第三段倒数第二句“In
some
vocational
colleges,
the
education
methods
and
courses
cannot
meet
the
need
of
upgrading(升级)
manufacturing(制造业)．”可知，一些职业院校的教育方法和课程无法满足制造业升级的需要。故选C。
3.
A
【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：
作者认为中国未来的职业教育是
。根据文章第一段“There
is
good
news...to
develop
modern
vocational
education.”以及文章最后一段最后一句“With
the
rising
of
the
skilled
workers'
social
position
and
...
development
of
China.”可以推断出作者认为中国未来的职业教育是有希望的。故选A。
Passage
9
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。由于美国对中国的关税政策，加利福尼亚的大蒜销售增长。美国的关税政策不仅损害了美国的经济，美国政府也将失去世界上其他国家的信任。
1.
D 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从这篇文章中我们推断出
。A项：美国从中国买的大蒜和之前一样多。此项文中未提及；B项：美国种植大豆的农民和之前赚钱一样多。此项文中未提及；C项：中国和之前一样，仍然从美国买同样多的农作物。根据第四段最后一句可知此项错误；D项：加利福尼亚的大蒜种植者比之前赚了更多的钱。由第三段最后一句话的句意“在一个完美的世界，我们(美国大蒜种植者)乐意看到对中国的关税”，可以推断此项正确。故选D。
2.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么今年美国从中国购买更少的大蒜？根据第二段可知是由于美国关税的提高所以本地大蒜销售增加。故选B。
3.
C 【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：最后一段划线单词“it”指的是什么？根据原句句意“事实上，中美贸易战是美国霸权的标志，它将摧毁美国经济，美国政府将失去世界各国的信任。”由句意推测可知，
“it”
指的是霸权。故选C。
4.
A 【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：美国政府在2019年5月9日对中国大蒜的关税增长了多少？由第四段第一句在2019年5月9日，对中国大蒜的关税从10%增加到了25%，可知增加了15%。25－10＝15。故选A。
5.
D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章，谁不同意美国对中国产品征收关税的政策？根据文章最后一段第四句McCormick的CEO劳伦斯告诉路透社，没有中国大蒜，美国就不能前进。可知Lawrence不支持这项政策。故选D。
话题十六 彰显中国实力与美
Passage
1
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国国家科学技术周开幕的消息以及今年科学技术周的活动内容等信息。
1.
A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：中国第十九届国家科学技术周会在
开始。根据第一段中“...from
May
19
to
26.”可知，今年的国家科学技术周在5月19日开始。故选A。
2.
D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：许多科学家将要进入学校和乡村去
。根据第二段最后一句“Around
50，000
scientists
will
enter
schools
and
villages
to
educate
and
work
together
with
local
people.”可知，这是为了去教育当地人，并和当地人一起劳动。故选D。
3.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇短文可知，今年的科学周将要
。根据第三段首句“The
science
week
this
year
is
a
big
one
because
it
will
show
China's
recent
scientific
achievements.”可知，这个科学周将要展示中国最新的科学成就。故选B。
4.
A 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：本文最可能是
。阅读短文可知，本文主要介绍了中国科学技术周开幕的消息，因此它很可能是来自报纸的一则新闻。故选A。
Passage
2
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过介绍中国几个比较有代表性的品牌，其中详细介绍了中国李宁公司的服装设计，来阐述中国品牌一步步在由“中国制造”迈向“中国设计”。
1.
D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：2018年9月份李宁公司的新设计是
。根据第二段最后一句“They
showed
their
new
designs—sweaters
and
jackets
with
Chinese
characters.”可知“有中国汉字的毛衣和夹克衫”符合题意。故选D。
2.
A 【解析】代词指代题。题干意为：第五段中的划线单词“They”是指
。根据第五段第一句“Today's
young
people
in
China
are
crazy
about
Chinese
cultural
elements...”可知，此处的“They”指的是“中国今天的年轻人”。故选A。
3.
D 【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？通读全文以及文章最后一段最后一句“We
want
to
replace
the
words
‘Made
in
China'
with
‘Designed
in
China'.”可知，文章主要介绍中国设计。故选D。
4.
A 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：以上文章可能选自于一篇
。通读全文可知，文章主要是在讲中国的设计，而且具体描述了中国几个比较有代表性的品牌，因此本文最有可能来源于报纸。故选A。
Passage
3
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上最大的射电望远镜于2017年9月25日在中国完工，描述了它的大小、功能以及它将在未来10到20年内保持全球领先地位。表现了中国科技人员的伟大。
1.
A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：FAST是在哪里研发的？根据文章第一段“The
world's
largest
radio
telescope
was
finished
on
Sept.
25,
2017
in
China.”
可知，FAST是在中国被研发的，故选A。
2.
B
【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：划线单词“giant”的汉语意思可能是
。根据文章第二段第二句“It
is
also
called
Tianyan
(“The
Eye
of
Heaven”),
with
a
dish
the
size
of
30
football
grounds...”可知，它也被称为“天眼”，带一个有30个足球场大小的盘子，说明这个盘子很大。故选B。
3.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：FAST用于
。根据文章第五段第二句“With
the
help
of
the
telescope,
we
can
receive
weaker
and
more
radio
messages
far
away
in
space.”可知，借助望远镜，我们可以在遥远的太空中接收到更弱并且更多的无线电信息。故选B。
4.
A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：从这篇文章我们可以知道
。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界上最大的射电望远镜，文章第一段“The
world's
largest
radio
telescope
was
finished
on
Sept.
25,
2017
in
China.
”可知，世界上最大的射电望远镜于2017年9月25日在中国完工，A项正确。故选A。
5.
C 【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：完成FAST这个项目花费了多长时间？根据文章第一段“The
world's
largest
radio
telescope
was
finished
on
Sept.
25,
2017
in
China.”以及文章第六段第一句“The
FAST
project
began
in
2011.”可知，这个项目在2011年开工，在2017年完工，期间经历了大约6年。故选C。
Passage
4
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了嫦娥四号探测器探索月球的过程。
1.
D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：嫦娥4号是世界上第一个着陆在
的太空探测器。根据第一段第二句“On
Jan
3，Chang'e
4
became
the
first
space
probe(探测器)in
history
to
successfully
land
on
the
far
side(dark
side)
of
the
moon.”可知，它是成功降落在了在月球的远端。故选D。
2.
C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：降落地点最重要的是什么？根据第二段第四句“The
far
side
of
the
moon
is
an
ideal(理想的)
place
for
scientific
research.”可知，降落点是理想的科学研究场所。故选C。
3.
B 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：在第二段中的划线单词“observations”意思是什么？根据划线句子中的“make
clearer更加清晰”可以推测，这里应该指的是“观察”。故选B。
4.
A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：以下哪项是中国探月工程的第二个目标？根据倒数第二段第二句“Chinese
scientists
set
three
goals—‘orbiting(环绕运动),
landing
and
sample(样本)
returning'.”可知“landing
着陆”是中国探月计划的第二个目标。故选A。
5.
B 【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？文章主要是介绍嫦娥四号探索月球的过程。故选B。
Passage
5
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的大型航空母舰。该军舰的制造需要复杂的技术，耗费大量的钱财。中国也成为了可以独立制造航空母舰的国家之一。
1.
A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：中国第一艘自制航空母舰是在哪一年下水的？根据第一段“On
April
26,
2017,
a
big
Chinese
ship...hit
the
water
in
Dalian,
Liaoning.”可知时间是在2017年。故选A。
2.
C
【解析】标题归纳题。题干意为：文章最好的标题是什么？根据文章第一段第二句“China's
first
homemade
aircraft
carrier(航空母舰)hit
the
water
in
Dalian,
Liaoning.”以及文章讲述了航空母舰的制作。故选C。
3.
D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：建造航空母舰不需要什么？根据第三段第五句至第七句可知建造航母需要钢铁和特殊材料以及技术。故选D。
4.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据文章可知，中国有多少艘航空母舰？根据第二段第一句“The
new
big
ship
is
China's
second
aircraft
carrier.”新的大型航母是中国的第二艘。故选B。
5.
A 【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：作者对于中国自制航母感觉怎么样？由整篇文章，以及文章的最后一句“中国成为世界上第七个可以独立制造航母的国家”。可知作者感到很自豪。故选A。
Passage
6
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要向我们介绍了中国高铁的建立、发展以及一带一路国家对高铁建造正在计划中。
1.
A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：
是中国第一条高铁线。由文中第一段第一句可知，中国的高铁建设始于1999年的秦皇岛至沈阳高铁。故选A。
2.
D 【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：到2020年，高铁会比现在快
千米/小时。由文中第一段提到现在高铁的速度为220km/h，第二段提到2020年会达到400km/h，400－220＝180，因此会比现在快180km/h。故选D。
3.
C 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：第三段划线单词“grid”是什么意思？由后文的描述“中国的铁路由四条南北方向和四条东西方向的高铁线组成网格状”，故grid为“网格”之意。故选C。
4.
D
【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：专家冯浩说了什么？冯浩的话主要有两层意思：许多沿着一带一路的市场尤其是在中亚、东南亚，中东和西欧国家，正在打算建设高铁；他们期望得到中国的技术支持。故D项是正确的。
5.
B 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：下面哪一项被提及了？通读全文可知，文中只提到了高铁的速度问题，没有涉及高铁的建设者，票价以及建筑材料的问题。故选B。
Passage
7
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了很多国家都在学习汉语，包括阿联酋、俄罗斯、西班牙和美国等国家都开设了汉语相关课程。
1．
D 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：为什么汉语学习如此火热？根据第一段中“because
of
the
increasing
economic(经济的)
and
cultural
connections
between
China
and
other
countries”可知，因为中国与世界的经济和文化联系更加紧密，国际影响日益深远。故选D。
2．
C 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：下面语言中，不属于俄罗斯选修课程的是
。根据第三段最后一句“Following
English,
German,
French,
and
Spanish,
Mandarin
has
become
the
fifth
elective
test
subject
for
the
exam.”可知，不包括日语。故选C。
3．
A 【解析】词义猜测题。题干意为：划线单词“thriving”的中文意思是
。本文主要介绍的是汉语在很多国家中被学习。根据划线单词所在句子句意可知，在美国，学习汉语已经兴盛了很多年，现在是美国孩子的流行选择。故选A。
4．
C 【解析】数字计算题。题干意为：关于全世界学习汉语的情况，我们能知道什么？根据第四段第一、二句“Spain
has
more
than
40，000
people
learning
Chinese.
Last
year
about
8，000
people
took
the
Chinese
Proficiency
Test(HSK)
exam.”可知，8000/40000＝1/5。故选C。
5．
B 【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：本文主要内容是
。本文为总分结构，第一段指出了汉语在全世界被学习，下面分别介绍了在阿联酋、俄罗斯、西班牙和美国的学习情况。因此，本文主要介绍汉语学习在全世界很流行。故选B。
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