31.备战高考中译英翻译技巧讲解之一(教师版+学生版)

文档属性

名称 31.备战高考中译英翻译技巧讲解之一(教师版+学生版)
格式 zip
文件大小 1.6MB
资源类型 试卷
版本资源 通用版
科目 英语
更新时间 2021-05-07 02:12:06

文档简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
高考中译英翻译技巧讲解
)
该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力,它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力,还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查。翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例,而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。
(一)、高考翻译评分标准:
1.每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分;
2.语法错误(包括时态错误)每处扣一分;
3.译文没用所给的单词扣一分。
据说新的微博用户注册时必须用实名的原因是保护网民的利益和提高网络的可信度。(register)
It
is
said
that
the
reason
why
new
users
of
micro-blog
must
use
real
names
when
they
are
registering
0.5
1.5
1
is
to
protect
web
users’
interests
and
improve
credibility
of
Internet.
1
1
(二)、高考翻译技巧
 1.词义选择
所谓词义选择,是指词本来就有这个意思,但是要求我们将其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。正确选词是保证译文质量的重要环节,如果能做到在词语意义和字面形式上都对等当然最好,如果不能兼顾,则取意义,舍形式。越是普通的词,越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配,翻译过程中的词义也就越难以确定。选词时,要注意词义的广狭、所处的语境、词的褒贬和感彩。
  例如:
  剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。
  Paper
cutting
are
used
to
decorate
doors,
windows
and
rooms
in
order
to
enhance
the
joyous
atmosphere.
  “增加”此处实际是“加强”的意思,而非我们平常所指的“数量增多”的含义,因此不宜翻成increase,翻译为
add或enhance更恰当。
  2.词类转换
  词类转换是汉译英常用的一种手段。汉语具有动态性和具体性的特点,在语言运用上多用动词。英语则具有动态性和抽象性的特点,在语言使用上呈现出名词化和介词化倾向,在汉译英过程中,适当转换词性,可以使译文更符合英语的表达习惯。
  (1)动词→名词
  汉语中动词使用比较频繁,而且汉语动词没有时态变化的约束,也没有谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式之分,动词甚至可以充当句子的任何成分。然而,英语动词的使用则受到形态变化规则的严格限制。一个句子往往只有一个谓语动词,大量原本应该由动词表达的概念,常常需要借助于名词,因为名词比较不受形态变化的束缚。使用起来相当灵活、方便。
  例如:
吃头两个主菜时,你也是赞不绝口。
  You
will
be
full
of
praise
while
eating
the
first
two
main
courses.
  英语中有大量抽象名词表示行为或动作意义。如:advice,
agreement,
inheritance,
knowledge,
praise,
use等。汉译英时,借助抽象名词表达特定的行文动作,译文也会显得更为地道。
  (2)动词-→介词
  介词与名词密切相关,英语名词的广泛使用使得介词频繁出现。而且英语中有些介词本身是由动词演变而来的,具有动词的特征。因此,汉译英时,有些动词可以用介词短语来表达。
  例如:人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。
  People
often
beautify
their
homes
with
paper
cuttings.
  (3)动词-→形容词
  汉语一些动词也常可用英语形容词来表达,这些形容词通常是与动词同源的词(如dreadful,
doubtful,
sympathetic等),这样的译文有时比直接用动词显得更地道,更标准。
  例如:这件艺术品在明朝和清朝时期(the
Ming
and
Qing
Dynasties)特别流行。
  This
piece
of
art
was
widespread
particularly
during
the
Ming
and
Qing
dynasties.
  (4)形容词或副词-→名词
  由于语法结构和修辞的需要,汉语的形容词和副词也可以译为英语的名词。
  例如:
这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏时刻。
 
These
living
things
enjoy
this
moment
of
dust
with
full
ease
and
freedom.
  (5)名词-→动词
  有些情况下,汉语的名词可以用英语的动词来表达,此时汉语中修饰名词的形容词也随之改为英语中作状语使用的副词。
  例如:大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等。
  People,
poor
or
rich,
are
equally
favored
by
nature.
  3.词的增补
  (1)语法需要
  由于汉英两种语言的差异,汉译英时往往需要补充汉语原文为了语言简洁而省去的词语或没有的词类,以使译文符合英语语法的要求。增补的词多为冠词(英语多特有)、代词或名词(充当句子的主语、宾语、定语等成分)、连词或介词等。
  例如:农业社会的人们比工业社会的人享受少得多,因此欲望也小很多。
  People
in
the
agriculture
society
enjoyed
far
less
than
people
in
the
industry
society,
thus
their
desires
are
far
less
either.
  英语中用得很多的介词有at,
by,
for,
from,
in,
of,
on,
to和with九个。这些介词是连接英语句子的重要纽带,在英语中起着极其重要的作用。汉译英时,要根据上下文搭配灵活地选择介词。
例如:只有相关各方更多地关注青少年,他们才能形成正确的价值观。(Only)
Only
if
parties
concered
pay
more
attention
to
the
younger
generation
will
teenagers
form
proper
values.
(2)意思表达需要
  例如:这是黄河滩上的一幕。
  This
is
a
scene
taking
place
on
the
shore
of
the
Yellow
River.
  在翻译“这是黄河滩上的一幕”时,增译taking
place短语,使译文表达更为生动贴切。
  (3)文化背景解释的需要
  中西文化差异的存在使得英语和汉语包含着许多文化色彩浓厚且不易被译文读者所理解的词语。因此在翻译过程中需要使用增词译法,把相关文化背景知识翻译出来。
  例如:三个臭皮匠,胜过诸葛亮。
  The
wit
of
three
cobblers
combined
surpasses
that
of
Zhuge
Liang,
the
master
mind.
  
4.词的减省
  所谓词的减省,就是翻译时,把原文中一些仅仅为了语法上的需要而存在的词、词组加以适当省略,从而达到译文通顺、意思完整及句子精炼的目的。汉语中重复的部分可以是主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语等,在译成英语时需适当删减,以保持句子的通顺。
  例如:于是转喜为怒,转赞美为责备,转首肯为摇头。
  Then
happiness
turns
to
anger,
praise
to
scolding
and
nit-picking,
and
head-nodding
to
head-shaking.
(删减重复的谓语动词)
  5.词的替代
  重复时汉语常使用的一种语篇衔接手段,虽然英语中也用重复,但多是利用词语的重复来体现语义强调或进行语言润色。汉语以重复见长,英语则以省略见长。故而在汉译英时,可采用替代的方法来避免重复。在英语中主要有三种替代现象:名词成分替代、谓语成分替代和分句替代。
(三)、高考翻译需注意的问题
1.词的特殊用法:accessible,
available,
arrange,
convenient等
1:他忘了带阅读证,进不了图书馆。(accessible)
He
forgot
to
bring
the
reading
card,
so
the
library
was
not
accessible
to
him.
2:我已安排好一辆车去车站接他们。(arrange)
I
have
arranged
for
a
car
to
pick
them
up
at
the
railway
station.
3:如果你方便的话,请帮我去邮局寄一些包裹。(convenient)
If
it
is
convenient
to
you,
please
go
to
the
post
office
to
send
these
parcels
for
me.
动词语态问题:谓语动词及非谓语动词都应注意语态问题
4:这里的菜烧得很好,还有免费蛋糕供应。(provide)
The
dishes
are
well
cooked
here
and
free
cakes
are
provided.
5:应该更加强调培养学生的实际运用能力。
Great
emphasis
should
be
put
on
cultivating
students’
practical
ability.
6:我们必须对这里正在讨论的一些事情保密。(discuss)
We
must
keep
a
secret
of
the
things
being
discussed
here.
7:应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage)
The
young
people/
youngsters
should
be
encouraged
to
choose
their
careers
according
to/
based
on
their
own
strong
points/
strengths.
选择正确的词语搭配,主要是介词的选择问题和be+p.p.
+
prep.结构
8:我不需要买新车,我的那辆旧车还很好。(condition)
I
don’t
need
to/needn’t
buy
a
new
car
as
my
old
one
is
still
in
good
condition.
9:我忘了提醒他面试的时间。(remind)
I
forgot
to
remind
him
of
the
time
for
the
interview.
10:我对学生所谈论的电子产品一无所知,我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant)
Being
ignorant
of
the
electronic
products
the
students
are
talking
about,I
find
myself
left
behind/
outdated/
out
of
date.
Be+p.p.+
prep.结构:be
involved
in,
be
qualified
for,
be
equipped
with,
be
concerned
about,
be
based
on,
be
addicted
to,
be
amazed
at,
be
regarded
as,
be
engaged
in等
11:市长非常关心市民不遵受交通规则的问题。(concern)
The
mayor
is
much
concerned
about
the
problem
of
the
citizens’
disobeying
the
traffic
regulations.
特殊句式:
it做形式主语和宾语,强调句型,倒装句,the
reason
why…
is
that
…,
it
(never)
occurs
to
me
that…,
it’s
said
that…,
not…but
…等
12:我迟到的原因是他们没通知我开会的时间。(inform)
The
reason
why
I
was
late
was
that
they
had
not
informed
me
of
the
time
of
the
meeting.
13:重要的不是你说了什么,而是你做了什么。(matter)
It’s
not
what
you
said
but
what
you
did
that
matters.
14:据报道,这种野生植物含有丰富的维生素。(It…)
It
is
reported
that
this
wild
plant
is
rich
in/contains/has
a
lot
of
vitamins.
15:我从未想到这种事竟然会发生在他的身上。(occur)
It
never
occurred
to
me
that
such
a
thing
should
happen
to
him.
16:汽车、无线电、电影、速冻食品、电冰箱,这些东西在过去的30年中得到了广泛的应用,这简直令人难以置信。(It…)
It
is
hard
to
believe
that
automobiles,
radios,
motion
pictures,
frozen
foods
and
electric
refrigerator
have
come
into
common
use
within
thirty
years.
17:学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。(it)
The
school
made
it
a
rule
that
the
students
should
stand
up
when
class
begins.
句子的逻辑关系:汉语里两个句子可能存在潜在的修饰,结果,目的,因果,并列,转转等逻辑关系,翻译时,要注意结构逻辑关系,使句子更连贯。
18:我为这些话所深深感动,后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺卡上。(impress)
I
was
so
impressed
by
these
words
that
I
used
them
later
for
a
Christmas
card.
19:上海是座美丽城市,他决定再呆两天。(decide)
?Shanghai
was
a
beautiful
city,
so
he
decided
to
stay
for
another
two
days.
20:这款手机式样新颖、携带方便,深受年轻人的欢迎。(popular)
The
mobile
phone
is
fashionable/modern
in
style
and
convenient
to
carry
,
so
it
is
very
popular
with
young
people.
/
我不需要买新车,我的那辆旧车还很好。(condition)
I
don’t
need
to/needn’t
buy
a
new
car
as
my
old
one
is
still
in
good
condition.
6.长句的翻译:高考翻译最后一句属于长句翻译,翻译时,要“先主干,再细节”。理清句子的成分,先确定框架,再添砖加瓦。
21:绝大多数的医疗专家持有相同的看法,即防止该疾病传播最有效的方法是用肥皂和水洗手。(prevent)
Most
medical
experts
share
the
same
opinion
that
the
most
effective
way
to
prevent
the
spread
of
the
disease
/prevent
the
disease
from
spreading
is
(for
people)
to
wash
(their)
hands
with
soap
and
water.
22:为追求时尚而付出高昂代价的人应该尽早改变这种生活方式。(those)
Those
who
follow
fashion
at
the
great
cost
should
change
their
lifestyle
as
soon
as
possible.
23:出国学习会使学生受益匪浅,但是他们也有可能会面临一系列前所未有的挑战。(likely)
Studying
abroad/
Going
abroad
for
further
studies
benefits/
(will/
may)
benefit
students
a
lot,
but
they
are
likely
to
face/be
faced
with
a
series
of
challenges
which
are
greater
than
ever
(before).
24:一项新披露的调查表明网络最吸引人之处在于它能让网民及时了解世界大事。(inform)
A
newly-released/
newly-reveled
survey
shows/
suggests/
indicates
that
the
biggest
attraction
of
the
Internet
is
that
it
keeps/
makes
netizens
who
surf
the
Internet
informed
of
the
world
events.
(四)、检查核对,避免小错误
  1.
检查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。
  完成翻译后,首先要检查句子中的动词前后时态是否一致,语态为主动还是被动是否符合中文翻译的要求,以及动词的单复数是否与主语相符。这是翻译中得分的重点。
  2.
检查非谓语动词。
  现在的翻译中经常会出现使用非谓语的情况,句子中一旦出现了非谓语,学生就要特别注意是否正确使用了-ing,-ed和to
do的结构,以及可能出现的独立主格等非谓语中的重点方面。
  3.
检查动词的搭配。
  检查句子中的动词是及物还是不及物动词,如果是不及物动词,则要注意是否搭配了相应的介词。
  4.
检查名词的单复数。
  注意名词在中英文中的不同理解,特别是一些集合名词,理解它们用单数来表达复数的特征。
  5.
检查句型的使用。
  检查常用句型的使用,特别是一些连接词、强调句、倒装句等等。
  6.
检查句子的完整性。
翻译后,尤其要检查译句中的主干以外的修饰语是否完整,比如说定语,时间状语和地点状语等等。
  7.
检查中英文的一致。
  检查英语译句是否正确地表达了中文的意思,是否错误地把主观的想法加诸在翻译中。
  8.
检查单词的拼写和大小写。
  英语单词拼写复杂,翻译时,搞错一个字母,就会导致单词拼写失误,学生需要加强记忆。句子首字母大写,学生基本不会忘记,但也要注意翻译中出现的一些专有名词或特别称谓的首字母大写。
  9.
检查标点符号。英语的标点符号,与汉语的有同有异。但有些学生平时在作业时,非常粗心,使用混乱,这就导致了在最后的考试里被扣分。特别是平日里,比较多练习的翻译都是陈述句,一旦遇到疑问句,多数学生会忘记写上问号。尽管一个标点符号只有半分,但我想,在高考中,任何由疏忽所造成的扣分都是该避免。
  综上所述,要想做好中译英试题,考生了解、掌握一定的方法和技巧及注意事项是必不可少的。实际上,只要能在平时的英语学习中注重对英语基础知识的积累,并且做个有心人(随时留意英语与汉语的异同点,作好储备工作),再进行一定量的训练,就一定能在“中译英”方面取得优异成绩。
语与汉语的异同点,作好储备工作),再进行一定量的训练,就一定能在“中译英”方面取得优异成绩。
翻译中的常考句型总结练习
not

until…
/
Not
until…
/
It
was
not
until…
that
直到会议快要结束时他才露面。
(show
up)
直到二十世纪初人们才学会怎样防止这种疾病的蔓延。
(prevent)
直到那时他才意识到他的老师是非常善解人意的。
(considerate)
可惜他们直到事故发生之后才采取措施防止它。
直到上周末收到你的来信时我们才如释负重。
(relieve)
Not
until
the
meeting
was
almost
over
did
he
show
up.
Not
until
the
beginning
of
the
20th
century
did
people
learn
how
to
prevent
the
disease
from
spreading.
Not
until
then
did
he
realize
that
his
teacher
was
very
considerate
/
thoughtful
/
understanding.
it’s
a
pity
that
they
didn’t
take
any
measures
to
prevent
the
accident
until
it
happened.
Not
until
we
heard
from
you
last
week
were
we
relieved.
The
more…
the
more..
你的词汇量越大,你就感到用英语写作越容易。
(feel
it
+
adj.
to
do
)
人们普遍认为,用脑越多,思维就越活跃。
(
it
is
generally
believed
that
)
问题越难,我越有可能能够解决他们。
(likely)
我们学习得越多,将来就越能为我们国家工作的越好。
相对而言,孩子与父母交流越多,越不可能感到忧郁。
(suffer
from)
The
larger
vocabulary
you
have,
the
easier
you’ll
feel
it
to
write
in
English.
It
is
generally
/
commonly
believed
that
the
more
one
uses
his
brain,
the
more
active
his
mind
will
be.
The
more
difficult
the
problems
are,
the
more
likely
I
am
to
be
able
to
solve
them.
The
more
we
learn,
the
better
we’ll
be
able
to
work
for
our
country
in
the
future.
Relatively
speaking,
the
more
children
communicate
with
their
parents,
the
less
likely
they
will
suffer
from
depression.
No
matter
how
/
however
+
adj.
/
adv.
+
S
+
V
1.
不管这个新体系有多复杂,我们还是要用它。
(complicated)
2.无论社会发展得多快,这个传统应该代代相传。
(pass
on)
3.不管我们有多忙,下星期我们一定会举行一次欢送会向那些退休工人们表示敬意。(in
honor
of)
4.不管天有多晚,他从不把今天必须做的事拖到明天。
(put
off)
5.
如果我们以一种强烈的意志工作,我们能够克服任何的困难,无论这个困难有多大。
No
matter
how
complicated
the
new
system
is,
we’ll
have
to
use
it.
However
fast
the
society
develops,
this
tradition
should
be
passed
on
from
generation
to
generation.
However
busy
we
are,
we
will
certainly
give
a
farewell
party
in
honor
of
those
retired
workers
next
week.
However
late
it
is,
he
never
puts
off
what
must
be
done
today
till
tomorrow.
If
you
work
with
a
strong
will,
we
can
overcome
any
difficulty,
however
great
it
is.
Adj.
/
adv.
/
n.
/
v.
+
as
/
though
+
S
+
V
虽然他很聪明,但他不愿把全部时间用在学习上。(devote…to)
他很累,但他还是工作到深夜。
(work
late
into…)
虽然他是个孩子,但对于这个世界他了解很多。
虽然我敬佩他作为一个作家,但我不喜欢他作为一个人。(admire)
Clever
as
he
is,
he
is
not
willing
to
devote
all
his
time
to
his
study.
Tired
as
he
was,
he
still
worked
late
into
the
midnight.
Child
as
he
is,
he
knows
a
lot
about
the
world.
Much
as
I
admire
him
as
a
writer,
I
don’t
like
him
as
a
man.
Hardly
/
scarcely
/
barely…when
no
sooner

than
我刚到家,电话铃就响了。
他一到实验室,就开始做实验。
(set
out)
这男孩刚打开电脑,他父亲就回家了,叫他做功课。
他一到家就迫不及待地把好消息告诉他父母。(can’t
wait…)
I
had
hardly
reached
home
when
the
phone
rang.
No
sooner
had
he
got
to
the
laboratory
than
he
set
out
to
do
the
experiment.
Hardly
had
the
boy
turned
on
the
computer
when
his
father
came
home
and
asked
him
to
do
his
lessons.
He
had
hardly
arrived
home
when
he
could
not
wait
to
tell
his
parents
the
good
news.
where
/
wherever
我已下定决心去最需要我的地方。
那些大学生在毕业之后会去无论他们被需要的地方。
众所周知,药品不应该放在孩子们可以拿到的地方。(accessible)
我会把这本书放在你放的地方,并在我放它的地方做个记号。(make
a
mark)
I’ve
made
up
my
mind
to
go
where
I’
m
needed
most.
Those
college
students
will
go
wherever
they
are
needed
after
graduation.
As
we
all
know,
medicine
should
be
kept
where
it
is
accessible
to
children.
I
will
put
the
book
where
you
placed
it
and
make
a
mark
at
the
place
where
I
put
it.
The
first
time
=
when

for
the
first
time
Every
time
/
each
time
=
whenever
The
moment
/
the
instant
=
as
soon
as
史密斯先生第一次去杭州时,就被西湖的美所打动。(strike)
第一次坐飞机时,飞机起降时感到不舒服是很正常的。
(it
is
normal
…)
每次他妈妈叫他帮助做家务,他总是假装在看书。
每次我看到这张照片,就让我想起我的学校生活。
(remind)
每次在阅览室看完杂志,请放回原处。(where)
The
first
time
Mr
Smith
went
to
Hangzhou,
he
was
struck
by
the
beauty
of
the
West
Lake.
When
you
take
a
plane
for
the
first
time,
it
is
normal
(for
you)
to
feel
uncomfortable
while
the
plane
is
taking
off
or
landing.
Each
time
his
mother
asks
him
to
do
some
housework,
he
always
pretends
to
be
reading
(a
book).
Every
time
I
see
the
photo,
it
reminds
me
of
the
school
life.
Each
time
you
finish
reading
the
magazine
in
the
reading
room,
please
put
it
where
it
was.
This
/
It
is
/
was
the
first
/
second
time
that

这是他第一次独立解决这个问题。
这是他们第一次赢得一场正式比赛,因此每个人都欣喜若狂。
这是我第三次没有通过驾驶考试。
This
is
the
first
time
that
has
solved
the
problem
on
his
own.
It
was
the
first
time
that
they
had
won
a
formal
match,
so
everyone
was
wild
with
joy.
It
is
the
third
time
that
I
have
failed
to
pass
the
driving
test.
It
will
(not)
be
…before…
(It
won’t
be
long
before…)
It
was
(not)
…before…
不久一架直升机就到达现场来营救这次飞机失事的幸存者。(on
the
scene)
很长一段时间之后他才意识到了他的错。
不久他就意识到了他的错。
很快他就意识到了他的错。
(it
was
before
long
that…)
过了几分钟我才觉察到刚才发生的事。
(aware)
20年后他的研究成果才最终得到承认。
(recognize)
过了一段时间我的眼睛才适应了黑暗,能够辨别出不同的动物。(make
out)
It
wasn’t
long
before
a
helicopter
arrived
on
the
scene
to
rescue
the
survivors
of
the
plane
crash..
It
was
long
before
he
realized
his
mistake.
It
was
not
long
before
he
realized
his
mistake.
It
was
before
long
that
he
realized
his
mistake.
It
was
several
minutes
before
I
was
aware
of
what
had
happened
just
now.
It
was
twenty
years
before
the
result
of
his
research
was
eventually
recognized.
It
was
some
time
before
my
eyes
became
used
to
the
dark
and
could
make
out
different
animals.
It
is
(has
been)…since

自从我们上次互相见面,几乎已经五年了。
自从我们上次碰面,似乎是一个世纪了。
自她四岁以来,她一直每天练习弹钢琴。
It
is
almost
five
years
since
we
saw
each
other
last
time.
It
seems
a
century
since
we
last
met.
She
has
been
practicing
playing
the
piano
every
day
since
she
was
four.
Never,
Never
before,
Seldom,
Little
我从来没有意识到他有多幽默。(Never)
我们从来没有比现在更为自己是中国人感到自豪。(Never)
上海市民的环保意识从来没有像今天这么强。(Never
before)
我很少见到像亨利这样考虑周到的人。(Seldom)
尽管他已经18岁了,但他很少意识到与别人交流的重要性。(Seldom)
Never
have
I
realized
how
humourous
he
is.
Never
have
we
been
more
proud
of
being
Chinese
than
(we
are)
now.
Never
before
have
the
citizens
of
Shanghai
had
such
a
strong
sense
of
environmental
protection.
Seldom
have
I
seen
such
a
considerate
person
like
Henry.
Seldom
does
he
realize
the
importance
of
communicating
with
others
though
he
is
already
18
years
old.
Only
+
状语,
倒装
只有在那时,
Tom才承认他错了。
只有在这家商店,我们才能买到如此好的家具。
只有当战争在1949年结束后,他才开始了新的生活。
只有不断学习新事物,我们才能与时共进。
只有通过科学的锻炼才能使人延年益寿。
Only
then
did
Tom
admit
that
he
was
wrong.
Only
in
this
shop
can
we
buy
such
good
furniture.
Only
when
/
after
the
war
was
over
in
1949,
was
he
able
to
begin
a
new
life.
Only
by
learning
the
new
constantly
can
we
keep
up
with
the
times.
Only
by
taking
exercise
in
a
scientific
way
can
human
beings
live
a
long
life.
So
+
adj
/
adv
,
部分倒装
that
Cl.
Such
+
n
,
部分倒装that
Cl.
他的房间太小了,连个床都放不下。
他们对哲学了解很少,以至于其中大多数人根本不能理解讲座。(beyond
sb)
他全神贯注于阅读以致于没有注意到我们进来。(be
absorbed
in…)
在口试中,面对两位老师,他紧张得一句话也说不出来。(face)
有噪音别人听不清我。(make
oneself…)
So
small
is
his
room
that
a
bed
can’t
be
put
in
it.
So
little
did
they
know
about
philosophy
that
the
lecture
was
completely
beyond
most
of
them.
So
absorbed
was
he
in
reading
that
he
didn’t
notice
that
we
came
in.
So
nervous
did
he
feel
in
the
oral
test
that
he
couldn’t
say
a
word
facing
the
two
teachers.
Such
a
noise
was
there
that
I
couldn’t
make
myself
heard.
祈使句
/
名词,or
/
and

继续努力(再努力一下),
你将来总有一天会成功的。(sure)
多吃水果,你就不用担心缺少维生素。(lack)
听从你医生的意见,否则你的咳嗽会更糟糕。(follow)
Keep
working
hard
(Make
another
effort
/
Another
effort),
and
you
are
sure
to
succeed
someday
in
the
future..
Eat
more
fruit,
and
you
won’t
have
to
worry
about
lack
of
vitamins.
Follow
your
doctor’s
advice,
or
your
cough
will
get
worse.
The
reason
(why
)+
句子
/
for
(doing
)
sth…
was
/
is
that
Cl.
他从未想到他被拒绝的原因是不会电脑。(turn
down)
他们成功的原因在于他们能从错误中学到东西。
他身体差的原因是他不太注意饮食和休息。
他没有参加昨晚的聚会是因为没有人告诉他。
It
never
occurred
to
him
that
the
reason
why
he
was
turned
down
was
that
he
couldn’t
use
the
computer.
The
reason
for
their
success
is
that
they
can
learn
from
their
mistakes.
the
reason
for
his
poor
health
was
that
he
didn’t
pay
enough
attention
to
his
diet
and
rest.
the
reason
why
she
didn’t
attend
the
party
last
night
was
that
nobody
had
told
her
about
it.
It’s
(high
/
about)
time
that…
/
(for
sb)
to
do
sth
该你上床睡觉的时候了。
2.
该你下决心的时候了。
3.
你该好好反省一下自己的所作所为。(reflect)
1.
It
is
time
for
you
to
go
to
bed.
/
it
is
time
that
you
went
to
bed.
2.
It
is
high
time
that
you
made
up
your
mind.
3.
It
is
high
time
that
you
reflected
on
what
you
have
done.
By
the
time…
到他回来为止,我将做完我的回家作业了。
到我回到家时,雨已经停了。
By
the
time
he
comes
back,
I
will
have
finished
my
homework.
By
the
time
I
came
back,
the
rain
had
stopped.
What
moved
/
touched
/
struck
sb
was
+
N.
/
that
What
delighted
sb
(most)
was

What
surprised
/
amazed
sb
was

What
interested
/
worried
/
troubled
/
disappointed
sb
was

让我们感动的是很多人为事故中的受害者伸出了援助之手。
令我们大家感动的是这位科学家虽身在异乡仍心系祖国。
使我最高兴的是她的礼物正好就是我正想着要买的东西。
令父母担心的是,她已决定不吃早饭。
当时最鼓励我的是老师和朋友的评价。
What
moved
/
touched
/
struck
us
was
that
many
people
lent/
gave
a
(helping)
hand
to
the
victims
in
the
accident.
What
has
moved
all
of
us
is
that
the
scientist
always
thinks
of
his
motherland
while
he
is
abroad/
while
he
lives
overseas.
What
delighted
me
most
was
that
her
present
was
just
what
I
was
thinking
of
buying
myself.
What
worries
her
parents
is
that
she
has
decided
to
skip
breakfast.
What
encouraged
me
most
at
that
time
was
the
comments
of
the
teachers
and
friends.
被动语态句子
应该特别强调环保的重要性。(emphasis)
孩子长大后,要鼓励他们做力能所及的家务和学会如何照顾自己。(whatever)
必须采取积极的/
有效的措施来防止更多的人受到爱滋病的威胁。(threaten)
必须立刻采取行动防止森林大火蔓延。
应该非常注意培养学生的学习习惯。(cultivate)
这些老年人在医院受到了很好的照顾。
应该鼓励中学生参加社区服务。
应该利用每一分钟来练习我们的英语。(use)
Special
emphasis
should
be
laid/
put/
placed
on
the
importance
of
protecting
the
environment.(
The
importance
of
protecting
the
environment
should
be
laid
special
emphasis
on.
)
When
children
grow
up,
they
should
be
encouraged
to
do
whatever
housework
they
can
do
and
learn
how
to
look
after
themselves.
Positive/
Effective
measures
must
be
taken
to
prevent
more
people
from
being
threatened
with
AIDS.
Immediate
action
must
be
taken
to
prevent
the
forest
fire
from
spreading.
Much
attention
should
be
paid
to
cultivating
students’
study
habits.
The
old
people
are
taken
good
care
of
in
the
hospital.
Middle
school
students
should
be
encouraged
to
take
part
in
community
service.
Every
minute
should
be
made
use
of
to
practise
our
English.
It
is
/
was
(in)convenient
(for
sb)
to
do
sth
If
it
is
convenient
to
sb,
你从这儿到火车站很方便。
你明天开始工作方便吗?
既然你的腿目前上着石膏,你四处走动肯定很不方便。(in
plaster)
这位科学家现在不方便对这项发明发表评论。
据我所知,在那个社区里购物很方便。
如果你方便的话,请帮我把包裹从邮局取回来。(fetch)
It
is
convenient
for
you
to
go
to
the
railway
station
from
here.
Will
it
be
convenient
for
you
to
start
work
tomorrow?
Since
your
leg
is
in
plaster
at
present,
it
must
be
inconvenient
for
you
to
move
around.
It
is
not
convenient
for
the
scientist
to
make
comments
on
this
invention
now.
As
far
as
I
know,
it
is
very
convenient
to
do
shopping
in
that
community.
If
it
is
convenient
to
you,
please
fetch
the
parcel
for
me
from
the
post
office.
Whenever
/
When
it
comes
to
(doing)
sth
说到教育,大部分人认为是一个终生学习。(lifetime)
Tom说他看过这部电影,但要说到细节,他却一无所知。
无论什么时候涉及到学数学,她就变得很紧张。
当涉及到决定生活目的的时候,甚至最明智的哲学家也只是在猜测。
When
it
comes
to
education,
the
majority
of
people
believe
that
education
is
a
lifetime
study.
Tom
said
he
had
seen
the
film,
but
when
it
came
to
the
details,
he
knew
nothing.
She
becomes
nervous
whenever
it
comes
to
learning
maths.
When
it
comes
to
determining
the
purpose
of
life,
even
the
wisest
philosophers
are
just
guessing.
It
is/
was
likely
that…
Sb/
sth
be
likely
to
do…
会议可能下星期举行。
据说吸烟可能引起心脏病和其他的疾病。
更有可能喜欢流行歌曲的是年轻人而不是老年人。(rather
than)
她打开电视机,但没有发现任何可能使她感兴趣的。
有可能这个新建的语音室不久将向全体师生开放。(be
open
to)
The
meeting
is
likely
to
be
held
next
week.
/
it
is
likely
that
the
meeting
will
be
held
next…
It
is
said
that
smoking
is
likely
to
cause
heart
diseases
and
other
diseases.
Young
people
rather
than
old
people
are
more
likely
to
prefer
pop
songs.
She
turned
on
the
TV,
but
found
nothing
that
was
likely
to
interest
her.
It
is
likely
that
the
newly-built
language
lab
will
soon
be
open
to
all
the
teachers
and
students.
It
is
/was
(im)possible
that…/
it
is
(im)possible
for
sb
to
do
sth
从早到晚在空调房间里工作或生活可能会使人生病。
要想让他们彻底了解当地文化是不可能的。
It
is
possible
that
working
or
living
in
an
air-conditioned
room
from
morning
till
night
will
cause
people
to
get
ill.
It
is
impossible
for
them
to
have
a
thorough
knowledge
of
the
local
culture.
It
is
hard
to
imagine
/
believe
/
foresee…
当别的孩子在玩耍的时候,很难想象一个学生能集中思想在课本上。
很难想象这位电影明星在电影界一直活跃了长达半个世纪之久。(remain)
很难预计她是否下周能康复。
我们很难预见将来,所以眼下我们要做的就是珍惜现在所有的。(cherish)
难以相信他一辈子除了工作没有任何业余爱好。
It’s
hard
to
imagine
that
a
student
can
focus
on
his
textbook
while
other
children
are
playing.
It’s
hard
to
imagine
that
the
film
star
could
remain
active
in
the
film
circle
for
as
long
as
half
a
century.
It’s
hard
to
foresee
whether
she
will
recover
next
week.
It’s
hard
for
us
to
foresee
the
future,
so
what
we
should
do
at
present
is
to
cherish
what
we
have
now.
It’s
hard
to
believe
that
he
hasn’t
any
hobby
except
his
job
all
his
life.
It
is
no
/not
any
good
/use
doing
牛奶打泼,哭也没用。
世界上没有后悔药,你应该知道重要的是你要全力避免再犯同样的错误。
光学不练是没用的,“熟能生巧”这句话很有道理。
和他们争论没有什么好处。
像那样谈论是没什么好处的,我们必须制定一个计划,然后加以实施。
1.It
is
no
use
crying
over
the
spilt
milk.
2.
It
is
no
use
crying
over
the
spilt
milk
and
you
should
know
what’s
important
is
to
try
your
best
to
avoid
making
the
same
mistakes
once
again.
3.It
is
no
use
learning
without
practice.
The
saying
“Practice
makes
perfect”
is
very
true.
4.It
is
no
good
arguing
with
them.
5.It
is
no
good
talking
like
that.
We
must
make
a
plan
and
carry
it
out.
There
is
no
need
(for
sb)
to
do
sth
阅读时,你不必碰到每个新单词就查字典。
你没有不要对自己太苛刻。(be
hard
on)
既然你们已经达成协议,就没有必要求助于律师。
没有必要把我看作是你的老师,我们可以相互学习。
There
is
no
need
for
you
to
look
up
for
every
new
word
you
come
across/
meet
with
/
run
into
while
(you
are)
reading
/
in
reading.
2.There
is
no
need
for
you
to
be
so
hard
on
yourself.
3.
Now
that
you
have
reached
/
arrived
at
an
agreement,
there
is
no
need
to
turn
to
the
lawyer.
4.
There
is
no
need
to
look
on
me
as
your
teacher
and
we
can
learn
from
each
other.
There
is
no
doubt
that…
毫无疑问,每个人都有选择自己生活方式的权利。
毫无疑问,政府将采取措施防止这种疾病的蔓延。
毫无疑问,教育应将重点放在学生的个性发展上,而不是分数上。(personality)
毫无疑问,她能达到目标,因为她坚信:有志者,事竟成。
1.
There
is
no
doubt
that
everybody
has
a
right
to
choose
his
own
way
of
living/
life.
2.
There
is
no
doubt
that
the
government
will
take
measures
to
prevent
this
disease
from
spreading.
3.There
is
no
doubt
that
education
should
put
/
lay
emphasis
on
the
development
of
students’
personality
instead
of
marks/
scores.
4.There
is
no
doubt
that
she
can
accomplish
her
ambition,
because
she
firmly
believes/
holds
a
firm
belief
that
where
there
is
a
will,
there
is
a
way.
There
is
no/
little
possibility
that..
/
of
doing…
一个小时之内完成这份试卷是不可能的。
不久的将来人们有可能找到石油的替代品吗?(substitute)
那些过多地注意荣誉和金钱的科学家不可能获得诺贝尔奖。
There
is
no
possibility
that
the
examination
paper
can
be
finished
within
one
and
a
half
hours.
Is
there
any
possibility
of
people’s
finding
a
substitute
for
oil
in
the
near
future?
There
is
little
possibility
that
the
scientists
who
pay
too
much
attention
to
honour
and
money
will
be
awarded
the
Noble
Prize.
There
is
no
/
not
much
/
any
point
(in)
doing

进一步讨论这个事没什么意义。
向他们埋怨没有什么意义,他们根本不会理睬。(take
any
notice)
你认为和她为鸡毛蒜皮的小事争论不休有意义吗?
There
is
no
point
in
discussing
the
issue
further.
There
is
not
much
point
in
complaining
to
them;
they
never
take
any
notice.
Do
you
think
there
is
any
point
arguing
with
her
over
such
small
matters?
There
is
no
denying
that

不可否认,他们的生活质量每况愈下。
不可否认,电脑使我们的生活更方便,但也存在有一些问题。(there
exist)
There
is
no
denying
that
the
quality
of
their
life
has
gone
from
bad
to
worse.
there
is
no
denying
that
computers
make
our
life
more
convenient,
but
there
exist
some
problems.
There
happened/s
to
be
There
seemed/s
to
be
今天下午碰巧有一个会议。
那只用报纸包起来的瓶子里碰巧有治压痛的药。
所幸爆炸发生时屋里恰好没人。
似乎没有理由推迟这个讲座。
似乎没有多大他会来的希望。
对提出的建议似乎没有反对意见。
There
happens
to
be
a
meeting
this
afternoon.
There
happens
to
be
some
medicine
for
toothache
in
the
bottle
wrapped
in
the
newspaper.
Fortunately
there
happened
to
be
no
one
in
the
house
at
the
time
of
the
explosion.
(Fortunately
it
happened
that
there
was
no
one…)
There
seems
to
be
no
reason
to
postpone
the
lecture.
There
doesn’t
seem
to
be
much
hope
that
he’ll
come
/
of
him
coming.
There
seem
to
be
no
objections
to
the
suggestion
put
forward
by
Mr.
Johnson.
1、时态语态(每个翻译句子都要注意时态语态)
当时,那位出租车司机别无选择,只能求助于游客。(choice)
At
that
time
the
taxi
driver
had
no
choice
but
to
turn
to
the
tourist
/
traveler
(for
help).
应该鼓励孩子们根据自己的兴趣爱好去选择书籍。(in
terms
of)
Children
should
be
encouraged
to
choose
books
in
terms
of
their
own
interests.
定语从句
让没有受过专业培训的人操纵机器是不负责任的行为。(who)
It
is
irresponsible
to
allow
someone
who
hasn’t
received
professional
training
to
operate
the
machine.
这本书备受推崇的原因是它给人以希望和启迪。(…why…)
The
reason
why
the
book
is
highly
recommended
is
that
it
provides
us
with
hope
and
inspiration.
选举结果出乎意料,这令大多数人颇为失望。(which)
The
outcome/result
of
the
election
was
out
of
expectation,
which
made
most
people
feel
disappointed.
4)昨天我把那台不能用的空调退还给了出售它的商店并得到了退款。(where)
Yesterday
I
returned
the
useless
air-conditioner
to
the
shop
where
it
was
sold
/I
bought
it
and
got
a/the
refund.
名词性从句
宾语从句
我以为你会和我一起乘高铁去北京。(think)
I
thought
you
would
go
to
Beijing
with
me
by
high-speed
rail.
为确保行程如期开始,要求游客出发前一个月申请签证。(guarantee)
To
guarantee
that
trips
can
begin
on
schedule,
visitors
are
required
to
apply
for
the
visa
one
month
before
departure.
主语从句和表语从句
据报道,上海所有的学校操场都将寒暑假期间免费向市民开放。(access)
It
is
reported
the
citizens
will
have
free
access
to
all
the
playgrounds
in
Shanghai
during
the
winter
and
summer
vacation.
似乎年轻父母更注重孩子的语言学习。(seem)
It
seems
that
young
parents
pay
more
attention
to
a
kid's
language
learning.
对学生而言真正重要的是在获取知识的过程中养成良好的习惯。(matter)
What
matters
to
students
most
is
that
they
should
develop
good
habits
in
the
process
of
acquiring
knowledge.
这位专家的建议是学校应该努力提高学生们的健康意识。(suggestion)
The
expert’s
suggestion
is
that
schools
should
raise
students’
awareness
of
health.
同位语从句
消费者对冷冻食品失去信心的事实令生产厂家一筹莫展。(loss)
The
fact
that
consumers
have
lost
confidence
in
frozen
food
makes
the
manufacturers
at
a
loss.
没有同事的帮助,他一个人是不可能在这么短时间内完成这个项目的。(possibility)
Without
his
colleague’s
help,
there
is
no
possibility
that
he
can
finish
the
project
in
such
a
short
time.
状语从句
每一次他要做演讲,他总会做一些笔记,提醒他自己想要说的要点。(remind)
Every
time
he
is
to
give
a
speech,
he
makes
a
few
notes
to
remind
himself
of
what
he
wants
to
say.
我们非常关心食品质量,因为它与每一个人的健康都息息相关。(concern)
We
are
all
concerned
about
the
food
quality
because
it
is
closely
related
to
everyone’s
health.
家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏,以免遭遇不测。(for
fear)
Parents
ask
their
kids
not
to
play
by
the
river
for
fear
that
something
terrible
might
happen.
他有着如此坚强的意志,定会不遗余力,力争提前完成任务。(such…
that)
He
has
such
a
strong
will
that
he
is
he
is
sure
to
spare
no
effort
and
try
to
finish
the
task
in
advance.
除非你听从李教授昨天给你的忠告,否则你将一事无成。(unless)
You
will
achieve
nothing
unless
you
follow
the
advice
(that/which)
Professor
Li
gave
you
yesterday.
经过多年的建设,这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。(as...as)
After
years
of
construction,
this
town
is
as
lively
now
as
it
used
to
be
before
the
earthquake.
尽管我们无法预测将来会发生什么事,但我们可以未雨绸缪。(plan)
While
we
can’t
predict
what
will
happen
in
the
future,
we
can
plan
ahead.
不管学生提出什么问题,这位老师总是耐心回答。(patience)
Whatever
questions
the
students
may
ask
,
the
teacher
would
answer
them
with
patience.
5、非谓语
阅读英文报能使完美接触大量的词汇。(expose)
Reading
English
newspapers
can
expose
us
to
a
large
vocabulary.
这个明年将竣工的游乐园可为当地创造5万个新职位。(entertainment)
The
entertainment
park
to
be
completed
next
year
can
create
50,000
new
jobs
for
the
local
area.
接完电话,他既没关门也没关灯就匆匆忙忙离开了办公室。(with)
Having
answered
the
phone,
he
left
the
office
in
a
hurry
with
the
door
open
and
the
light(s
)
on.
获得的经验会给你更多的信心去帮助你的客户。(gain)
The
experience?gained?will
give
you
more
confidence
to
help
your
customers.
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2

(共
2
页)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
(
中译英翻译技巧讲解
)
该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力,它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力,还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等进行了全面考查。翻译不仅在高考英语主观题中占不小的比例,而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。
(一)、高考翻译评分标准:
1.每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分;
2.语法错误(包括时态错误)每处扣一分;
3.译文没用所给的单词扣一分。
据说新的微博用户注册时必须用实名的原因是保护网民的利益和提高网络的可信度。(register)
It
is
said
that
the
reason
why
new
users
of
micro-blog
must
use
real
names
when
they
are
registering
0.5
1.5
1
is
to
protect
web
users’
interests
and
improve
credibility
of
Internet.
1
1
(二)、高考翻译技巧
 1.词义选择
所谓词义选择,是指词本来就有这个意思,但是要求我们将其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。正确选词是保证译文质量的重要环节,如果能做到在词语意义和字面形式上都对等当然最好,如果不能兼顾,则取意义,舍形式。越是普通的词,越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配,翻译过程中的词义也就越难以确定。选词时,要注意词义的广狭、所处的语境、词的褒贬和感彩。
  例如:
  剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间,以增加喜庆的气氛。
  Paper
cutting
are
used
to
decorate
doors,
windows
and
rooms
in
order
to
enhance
the
joyous
atmosphere.
  “增加”此处实际是“加强”的意思,而非我们平常所指的“数量增多”的含义,因此不宜翻成increase,翻译为
add或enhance更恰当。
  2.词类转换
  词类转换是汉译英常用的一种手段。汉语具有动态性和具体性的特点,在语言运用上多用动词。英语则具有动态性和抽象性的特点,在语言使用上呈现出名词化和介词化倾向,在汉译英过程中,适当转换词性,可以使译文更符合英语的表达习惯。
  (1)动词→名词
  汉语中动词使用比较频繁,而且汉语动词没有时态变化的约束,也没有谓语动词和非谓语动词的形式之分,动词甚至可以充当句子的任何成分。然而,英语动词的使用则受到形态变化规则的严格限制。一个句子往往只有一个谓语动词,大量原本应该由动词表达的概念,常常需要借助于名词,因为名词比较不受形态变化的束缚。使用起来相当灵活、方便。
  例如:
吃头两个主菜时,你也是赞不绝口。
  You
will
be
full
of
praise
while
eating
the
first
two
main
courses.
  英语中有大量抽象名词表示行为或动作意义。如:advice,
agreement,
inheritance,
knowledge,
praise,
use等。汉译英时,借助抽象名词表达特定的行文动作,译文也会显得更为地道。
  (2)动词-→介词
  介词与名词密切相关,英语名词的广泛使用使得介词频繁出现。而且英语中有些介词本身是由动词演变而来的,具有动词的特征。因此,汉译英时,有些动词可以用介词短语来表达。
  例如:人们常用剪纸美化居家环境。
  People
often
beautify
their
homes
with
paper
cuttings.
  (3)动词-→形容词
  汉语一些动词也常可用英语形容词来表达,这些形容词通常是与动词同源的词(如dreadful,
doubtful,
sympathetic等),这样的译文有时比直接用动词显得更地道,更标准。
  例如:这件艺术品在明朝和清朝时期(the
Ming
and
Qing
Dynasties)特别流行。
  This
piece
of
art
was
widespread
particularly
during
the
Ming
and
Qing
dynasties.
  (4)形容词或副词-→名词
  由于语法结构和修辞的需要,汉语的形容词和副词也可以译为英语的名词。
  例如:
这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏时刻。
 
These
living
things
enjoy
this
moment
of
dust
with
full
ease
and
freedom.
  (5)名词-→动词
  有些情况下,汉语的名词可以用英语的动词来表达,此时汉语中修饰名词的形容词也随之改为英语中作状语使用的副词。
  例如:大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等。
  People,
poor
or
rich,
are
equally
favored
by
nature.
  3.词的增补
  (1)语法需要
  由于汉英两种语言的差异,汉译英时往往需要补充汉语原文为了语言简洁而省去的词语或没有的词类,以使译文符合英语语法的要求。增补的词多为冠词(英语多特有)、代词或名词(充当句子的主语、宾语、定语等成分)、连词或介词等。
  例如:农业社会的人们比工业社会的人享受少得多,因此欲望也小很多。
  People
in
the
agriculture
society
enjoyed
far
less
than
people
in
the
industry
society,
thus
their
desires
are
far
less
either.
  英语中用得很多的介词有at,
by,
for,
from,
in,
of,
on,
to和with九个。这些介词是连接英语句子的重要纽带,在英语中起着极其重要的作用。汉译英时,要根据上下文搭配灵活地选择介词。
例如:只有相关各方更多地关注青少年,他们才能形成正确的价值观。(Only)
Only
if
parties
concered
pay
more
attention
to
the
younger
generation
will
teenagers
form
proper
values.
(2)意思表达需要
  例如:这是黄河滩上的一幕。
  This
is
a
scene
taking
place
on
the
shore
of
the
Yellow
River.
  在翻译“这是黄河滩上的一幕”时,增译taking
place短语,使译文表达更为生动贴切。
  (3)文化背景解释的需要
  中西文化差异的存在使得英语和汉语包含着许多文化色彩浓厚且不易被译文读者所理解的词语。因此在翻译过程中需要使用增词译法,把相关文化背景知识翻译出来。
  例如:三个臭皮匠,胜过诸葛亮。
  The
wit
of
three
cobblers
combined
surpasses
that
of
Zhuge
Liang,
the
master
mind.
  
4.词的减省
  所谓词的减省,就是翻译时,把原文中一些仅仅为了语法上的需要而存在的词、词组加以适当省略,从而达到译文通顺、意思完整及句子精炼的目的。汉语中重复的部分可以是主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语等,在译成英语时需适当删减,以保持句子的通顺。
  例如:于是转喜为怒,转赞美为责备,转首肯为摇头。
  Then
happiness
turns
to
anger,
praise
to
scolding
and
nit-picking,
and
head-nodding
to
head-shaking.
(删减重复的谓语动词)
  5.词的替代
  重复时汉语常使用的一种语篇衔接手段,虽然英语中也用重复,但多是利用词语的重复来体现语义强调或进行语言润色。汉语以重复见长,英语则以省略见长。故而在汉译英时,可采用替代的方法来避免重复。在英语中主要有三种替代现象:名词成分替代、谓语成分替代和分句替代。
(三)、高考翻译需注意的问题
1.词的特殊用法:accessible,
available,
arrange,
convenient等
1:他忘了带阅读证,进不了图书馆。(accessible)
He
forgot
to
bring
the
reading
card,
so
the
library
was
not
accessible
to
him.
2:我已安排好一辆车去车站接他们。(arrange)
I
have
arranged
for
a
car
to
pick
them
up
at
the
railway
station.
3:如果你方便的话,请帮我去邮局寄一些包裹。(convenient)
If
it
is
convenient
to
you,
please
go
to
the
post
office
to
send
these
parcels
for
me.
动词语态问题:谓语动词及非谓语动词都应注意语态问题
4:这里的菜烧得很好,还有免费蛋糕供应。(provide)
The
dishes
are
well
cooked
here
and
free
cakes
are
provided.
5:应该更加强调培养学生的实际运用能力。
Great
emphasis
should
be
put
on
cultivating
students’
practical
ability.
6:我们必须对这里正在讨论的一些事情保密。(discuss)
We
must
keep
a
secret
of
the
things
being
discussed
here.
7:应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage)
The
young
people/
youngsters
should
be
encouraged
to
choose
their
careers
according
to/
based
on
their
own
strong
points/
strengths.
选择正确的词语搭配,主要是介词的选择问题和be+p.p.
+
prep.结构
8:我不需要买新车,我的那辆旧车还很好。(condition)
I
don’t
need
to/needn’t
buy
a
new
car
as
my
old
one
is
still
in
good
condition.
9:我忘了提醒他面试的时间。(remind)
I
forgot
to
remind
him
of
the
time
for
the
interview.
10:我对学生所谈论的电子产品一无所知,我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant)
Being
ignorant
of
the
electronic
products
the
students
are
talking
about,I
find
myself
left
behind/
outdated/
out
of
date.
Be+p.p.+
prep.结构:be
involved
in,
be
qualified
for,
be
equipped
with,
be
concerned
about,
be
based
on,
be
addicted
to,
be
amazed
at,
be
regarded
as,
be
engaged
in等
11:市长非常关心市民不遵受交通规则的问题。(concern)
The
mayor
is
much
concerned
about
the
problem
of
the
citizens’
disobeying
the
traffic
regulations.
特殊句式:
it做形式主语和宾语,强调句型,倒装句,the
reason
why…
is
that
…,
it
(never)
occurs
to
me
that…,
it’s
said
that…,
not…but
…等
12:我迟到的原因是他们没通知我开会的时间。(inform)
The
reason
why
I
was
late
was
that
they
had
not
informed
me
of
the
time
of
the
meeting.
13:重要的不是你说了什么,而是你做了什么。(matter)
It’s
not
what
you
said
but
what
you
did
that
matters.
14:据报道,这种野生植物含有丰富的维生素。(It…)
It
is
reported
that
this
wild
plant
is
rich
in/contains/has
a
lot
of
vitamins.
15:我从未想到这种事竟然会发生在他的身上。(occur)
It
never
occurred
to
me
that
such
a
thing
should
happen
to
him.
16:汽车、无线电、电影、速冻食品、电冰箱,这些东西在过去的30年中得到了广泛的应用,这简直令人难以置信。(It…)
It
is
hard
to
believe
that
automobiles,
radios,
motion
pictures,
frozen
foods
and
electric
refrigerator
have
come
into
common
use
within
thirty
years.
17:学校定了一条规则,开始上课时学生要起立。(it)
The
school
made
it
a
rule
that
the
students
should
stand
up
when
class
begins.
句子的逻辑关系:汉语里两个句子可能存在潜在的修饰,结果,目的,因果,并列,转转等逻辑关系,翻译时,要注意结构逻辑关系,使句子更连贯。
18:我为这些话所深深感动,后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺卡上。(impress)
I
was
so
impressed
by
these
words
that
I
used
them
later
for
a
Christmas
card.
19:上海是座美丽城市,他决定再呆两天。(decide)
?Shanghai
was
a
beautiful
city,
so
he
decided
to
stay
for
another
two
days.
20:这款手机式样新颖、携带方便,深受年轻人的欢迎。(popular)
The
mobile
phone
is
fashionable/modern
in
style
and
convenient
to
carry
,
so
it
is
very
popular
with
young
people.
/
我不需要买新车,我的那辆旧车还很好。(condition)
I
don’t
need
to/needn’t
buy
a
new
car
as
my
old
one
is
still
in
good
condition.
6.长句的翻译:高考翻译最后一句属于长句翻译,翻译时,要“先主干,再细节”。理清句子的成分,先确定框架,再添砖加瓦。
21:绝大多数的医疗专家持有相同的看法,即防止该疾病传播最有效的方法是用肥皂和水洗手。(prevent)
Most
medical
experts
share
the
same
opinion
that
the
most
effective
way
to
prevent
the
spread
of
the
disease
/prevent
the
disease
from
spreading
is
(for
people)
to
wash
(their)
hands
with
soap
and
water.
22:为追求时尚而付出高昂代价的人应该尽早改变这种生活方式。(those)
Those
who
follow
fashion
at
the
great
cost
should
change
their
lifestyle
as
soon
as
possible.
23:出国学习会使学生受益匪浅,但是他们也有可能会面临一系列前所未有的挑战。(likely)
Studying
abroad/
Going
abroad
for
further
studies
benefits/
(will/
may)
benefit
students
a
lot,
but
they
are
likely
to
face/be
faced
with
a
series
of
challenges
which
are
greater
than
ever
(before).
24:一项新披露的调查表明网络最吸引人之处在于它能让网民及时了解世界大事。(inform)
A
newly-released/
newly-reveled
survey
shows/
suggests/
indicates
that
the
biggest
attraction
of
the
Internet
is
that
it
keeps/
makes
netizens
who
surf
the
Internet
informed
of
the
world
events.
(四)、检查核对,避免小错误
  1.
检查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。
  完成翻译后,首先要检查句子中的动词前后时态是否一致,语态为主动还是被动是否符合中文翻译的要求,以及动词的单复数是否与主语相符。这是翻译中得分的重点。
  2.
检查非谓语动词。
  现在的翻译中经常会出现使用非谓语的情况,句子中一旦出现了非谓语,学生就要特别注意是否正确使用了-ing,-ed和to
do的结构,以及可能出现的独立主格等非谓语中的重点方面。
  3.
检查动词的搭配。
  检查句子中的动词是及物还是不及物动词,如果是不及物动词,则要注意是否搭配了相应的介词。
  4.
检查名词的单复数。
  注意名词在中英文中的不同理解,特别是一些集合名词,理解它们用单数来表达复数的特征。
  5.
检查句型的使用。
  检查常用句型的使用,特别是一些连接词、强调句、倒装句等等。
  6.
检查句子的完整性。
翻译后,尤其要检查译句中的主干以外的修饰语是否完整,比如说定语,时间状语和地点状语等等。
  7.
检查中英文的一致。
  检查英语译句是否正确地表达了中文的意思,是否错误地把主观的想法加诸在翻译中。
  8.
检查单词的拼写和大小写。
  英语单词拼写复杂,翻译时,搞错一个字母,就会导致单词拼写失误,学生需要加强记忆。句子首字母大写,学生基本不会忘记,但也要注意翻译中出现的一些专有名词或特别称谓的首字母大写。
  9.
检查标点符号。英语的标点符号,与汉语的有同有异。但有些学生平时在作业时,非常粗心,使用混乱,这就导致了在最后的考试里被扣分。特别是平日里,比较多练习的翻译都是陈述句,一旦遇到疑问句,多数学生会忘记写上问号。尽管一个标点符号只有半分,但我想,在高考中,任何由疏忽所造成的扣分都是该避免。
  综上所述,要想做好中译英试题,考生了解、掌握一定的方法和技巧及注意事项是必不可少的。实际上,只要能在平时的英语学习中注重对英语基础知识的积累,并且做个有心人(随时留意英语与汉语的异同点,作好储备工作),再进行一定量的训练,就一定能在“中译英”方面取得优异成绩。
翻译中的常考句型总结练习
not

until…
/
Not
until…
/
It
was
not
until…
that
直到会议快要结束时他才露面。
(show
up)
直到二十世纪初人们才学会怎样防止这种疾病的蔓延。
(prevent)
直到那时他才意识到他的老师是非常善解人意的。
(considerate)
可惜他们直到事故发生之后才采取措施防止它。
直到上周末收到你的来信时我们才如释负重。
(relieve)
The
more…
the
more..
你的词汇量越大,你就感到用英语写作越容易。
(feel
it
+
adj.
to
do
)
人们普遍认为,用脑越多,思维就越活跃。
(
it
is
generally
believed
that
)
问题越难,我越有可能能够解决他们。
(likely)
我们学习得越多,将来就越能为我们国家工作的越好。
相对而言,孩子与父母交流越多,越不可能感到忧郁。
(suffer
from)
No
matter
how
/
however
+
adj.
/
adv.
+
S
+
V
1.
不管这个新体系有多复杂,我们还是要用它。
(complicated)
2.无论社会发展得多快,这个传统应该代代相传。
(pass
on)
3.不管我们有多忙,下星期我们一定会举行一次欢送会向那些退休工人们表示敬意。(in
honor
of)
4.不管天有多晚,他从不把今天必须做的事拖到明天。
(put
off)
5.
如果我们以一种强烈的意志工作,我们能够克服任何的困难,无论这个困难有多大。
Adj.
/
adv.
/
n.
/
v.
+
as
/
though
+
S
+
V
虽然他很聪明,但他不愿把全部时间用在学习上。(devote…to)
他很累,但他还是工作到深夜。
(work
late
into…)
虽然他是个孩子,但对于这个世界他了解很多。
虽然我敬佩他作为一个作家,但我不喜欢他作为一个人。(admire)
Hardly
/
scarcely
/
barely…when
no
sooner

than
我刚到家,电话铃就响了。
他一到实验室,就开始做实验。
(set
out)
这男孩刚打开电脑,他父亲就回家了,叫他做功课。
他一到家就迫不及待地把好消息告诉他父母。(can’t
wait…)
where
/
wherever
我已下定决心去最需要我的地方。
那些大学生在毕业之后会去无论他们被需要的地方。
众所周知,药品不应该放在孩子们可以拿到的地方。(accessible)
我会把这本书放在你放的地方,并在我放它的地方做个记号。(make
a
mark)
The
first
time
=
when

for
the
first
time
Every
time
/
each
time
=
whenever
The
moment
/
the
instant
=
as
soon
as
史密斯先生第一次去杭州时,就被西湖的美所打动。(strike)
第一次坐飞机时,飞机起降时感到不舒服是很正常的。
(it
is
normal
…)
每次他妈妈叫他帮助做家务,他总是假装在看书。
每次我看到这张照片,就让我想起我的学校生活。
(remind)
每次在阅览室看完杂志,请放回原处。(where)
This
/
It
is
/
was
the
first
/
second
time
that

这是他第一次独立解决这个问题。
这是他们第一次赢得一场正式比赛,因此每个人都欣喜若狂。
这是我第三次没有通过驾驶考试。
It
will
(not)
be
…before…
(It
won’t
be
long
before…)
It
was
(not)
…before…
不久一架直升机就到达现场来营救这次飞机失事的幸存者。(on
the
scene)
很长一段时间之后他才意识到了他的错。
不久他就意识到了他的错。
很快他就意识到了他的错。
(it
was
before
long
that…)
过了几分钟我才觉察到刚才发生的事。
(aware)
20年后他的研究成果才最终得到承认。
(recognize)
过了一段时间我的眼睛才适应了黑暗,能够辨别出不同的动物。(make
out)
It
is
(has
been)…since

自从我们上次互相见面,几乎已经五年了。
自从我们上次碰面,似乎是一个世纪了。
自她四岁以来,她一直每天练习弹钢琴。
Never,
Never
before,
Seldom,
Little
我从来没有意识到他有多幽默。(Never)
我们从来没有比现在更为自己是中国人感到自豪。(Never)
上海市民的环保意识从来没有像今天这么强。(Never
before)
我很少见到像亨利这样考虑周到的人。(Seldom)
尽管他已经18岁了,但他很少意识到与别人交流的重要性。(Seldom)
Only
+
状语,
倒装
只有在那时,
Tom才承认他错了。
只有在这家商店,我们才能买到如此好的家具。
只有当战争在1949年结束后,他才开始了新的生活。
只有不断学习新事物,我们才能与时共进。
只有通过科学的锻炼才能使人延年益寿。
So
+
adj
/
adv
,
部分倒装
that
Cl.
Such
+
n
,
部分倒装that
Cl.
他的房间太小了,连个床都放不下。
他们对哲学了解很少,以至于其中大多数人根本不能理解讲座。(beyond
sb)
他全神贯注于阅读以致于没有注意到我们进来。(be
absorbed
in…)
在口试中,面对两位老师,他紧张得一句话也说不出来。(face)
有噪音我听不清。(make
oneself…)
祈使句
/
名词,or
/
and

继续努力(再努力一下),
你将来总有一天会成功的。(sure)
多吃水果,你就不用担心缺少维生素。(lack)
听从你医生的意见,否则你的咳嗽会更糟糕。(follow)
The
reason
(why
)+
句子
/
for
(doing
)
sth…
was
/
is
that
Cl.
他从未想到他被拒绝的原因是不会电脑。(turn
down)
他们成功的原因在于他们能从错误中学到东西。
他身体差的原因是他不太注意饮食和休息。
他没有参加昨晚的聚会是因为没有人告诉他。
It’s
(high
/
about)
time
that…
/
(for
sb)
to
do
sth
该你上床睡觉的时候了。
2.
该你下决心的时候了。
3.
你该好好反省一下自己的所作所为。(reflect)
By
the
time…
到他回来为止,我将做完我的回家作业了。
到我回到家时,雨已经停了。
What
moved
/
touched
/
struck
sb
was
+
N.
/
that
What
delighted
sb
(most)
was

What
surprised
/
amazed
sb
was

What
interested
/
worried
/
troubled
/
disappointed
sb
was

让我们感动的是很多人为事故中的受害者伸出了援助之手。
令我们大家感动的是这位科学家虽身在异乡仍心系祖国。
使我最高兴的是她的礼物正好就是我正想着要买的东西。
令父母担心的是,她已决定不吃早饭。
当时最鼓励我的是老师和朋友的评价。
被动语态句子
应该特别强调环保的重要性。(emphasis)
孩子长大后,要鼓励他们做力能所及的家务和学会如何照顾自己。(whatever)
必须采取积极的/
有效的措施来防止更多的人受到爱滋病的威胁。(threaten)
必须立刻采取行动防止森林大火蔓延。
应该非常注意培养学生的学习习惯。(cultivate)
这些老年人在医院受到了很好的照顾。
应该鼓励中学生参加社区服务。
应该利用每一分钟来练习我们的英语。(use)
It
is
/
was
(in)convenient
(for
sb)
to
do
sth
If
it
is
convenient
to
sb,
你从这儿到火车站很方便。
你明天开始工作方便吗?
既然你的腿目前上着石膏,你四处走动肯定很不方便。(in
plaster)
这位科学家现在不方便对这项发明发表评论。
据我所知,在那个社区里购物很方便。
如果你方便的话,请帮我把包裹从邮局取回来。(fetch)
Whenever
/
When
it
comes
to
(doing)
sth
说到教育,大部分人认为是一个终生学习。(lifetime)
Tom说他看过这部电影,但要说到细节,他却一无所知。
无论什么时候涉及到学数学,她就变得很紧张。
当涉及到决定生活目的的时候,甚至最明智的哲学家也只是在猜测。
It
is/
was
likely
that…
Sb/
sth
be
likely
to
do…
会议可能下星期举行。
据说吸烟可能引起心脏病和其他的疾病。
更有可能喜欢流行歌曲的是年轻人而不是老年人。(rather
than)
她打开电视机,但没有发现任何可能使她感兴趣的。
有可能这个新建的语音室不久将向全体师生开放。(be
open
to)
It
is
/was
(im)possible
that…/
it
is
(im)possible
for
sb
to
do
sth
从早到晚在空调房间里工作或生活可能会使人生病。
要想让他们彻底了解当地文化是不可能的。
It
is
hard
to
imagine
/
believe
/
foresee…
当别的孩子在玩耍的时候,很难想象一个学生能集中思想在课本上。
很难想象这位电影明星在电影界一直活跃了长达半个世纪之久。(remain)
很难预计她是否下周能康复。
我们很难预见将来,所以眼下我们要做的就是珍惜现在所有的。(cherish)
难以相信他一辈子除了工作没有任何业余爱好。
It
is
no
/not
any
good
/use
doing
牛奶打泼,哭也没用。
世界上没有后悔药,你应该知道重要的是你要全力避免再犯同样的错误。
光学不练是没用的,“熟能生巧”这句话很有道理。
和他们争论没有什么好处。
像那样谈论是没什么好处的,我们必须制定一个计划,然后加以实施。
There
is
no
need
(for
sb)
to
do
sth
阅读时,你不必碰到每个新单词就查字典。
你没有不要对自己太苛刻。(be
hard
on)
既然你们已经达成协议,就没有必要求助于律师。
没有必要把我看作是你的老师,我们可以相互学习。
There
is
no
doubt
that…
毫无疑问,每个人都有选择自己生活方式的权利。
毫无疑问,政府将采取措施防止这种疾病的蔓延。
毫无疑问,教育应将重点放在学生的个性发展上,而不是分数上。(personality)
毫无疑问,她能达到目标,因为她坚信:有志者,事竟成。
There
is
no/
little
possibility
that..
/
of
doing…
一个小时之内完成这份试卷是不可能的。
不久的将来人们有可能找到石油的替代品吗?(substitute)
那些过多地注意荣誉和金钱的科学家不可能获得诺贝尔奖。
There
is
no
/
not
much
/
any
point
(in)
doing

进一步讨论这个事没什么意义。
向他们埋怨没有什么意义,他们根本不会理睬。(take
any
notice)
你认为和她为鸡毛蒜皮的小事争论不休有意义吗?
There
is
no
denying
that

不可否认,他们的生活质量每况愈下。
不可否认,电脑使我们的生活更方便,但也存在有一些问题。(there
exist)
There
happened/s
to
be
There
seemed/s
to
be
今天下午碰巧有一个会议。
那只用报纸包起来的瓶子里碰巧有治压痛的药。
所幸爆炸发生时屋里恰好没人。
似乎没有理由推迟这个讲座。
似乎没有多大他会来的希望。
对提出的建议似乎没有反对意见。
1、时态语态(每个翻译句子都要注意时态语态)
当时,那位出租车司机别无选择,只能求助于游客。(choice)
应该鼓励孩子们根据自己的兴趣爱好去选择书籍。(in
terms
of)
定语从句
让没有受过专业培训的人操纵机器是不负责任的行为。(who)
这本书备受推崇的原因是它给人以希望和启迪。(…why…)
选举结果出乎意料,这令大多数人颇为失望。(which)
4)昨天我把那台不能用的空调退还给了出售它的商店并得到了退款。(where)
名词性从句
宾语从句
我以为你会和我一起乘高铁去北京。(think)
为确保行程如期开始,要求游客出发前一个月申请签证。(guarantee)
主语从句和表语从句
据报道,上海所有的学校操场都将寒暑假期间免费向市民开放。(access)
似乎年轻父母更注重孩子的语言学习。(seem)
对学生而言真正重要的是在获取知识的过程中养成良好的习惯。(matter)
这位专家的建议是学校应该努力提高学生们的健康意识。(suggestion)
同位语从句
消费者对冷冻食品失去信心的事实令生产厂家一筹莫展。(loss)
没有同事的帮助,他一个人是不可能在这么短时间内完成这个项目的。(possibility)
状语从句
每一次他要做演讲,他总会做一些笔记,提醒他自己想要说的要点。(remind)
我们非常关心食品质量,因为它与每一个人的健康都息息相关。(concern)
家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏,以免遭遇不测。(for
fear)
他有着如此坚强的意志,定会不遗余力,力争提前完成任务。(such…
that)
除非你听从李教授昨天给你的忠告,否则你将一事无成。(unless)
经过多年的建设,这个小镇现在和地震前一样充满了活力。(as...as)
尽管我们无法预测将来会发生什么事,但我们可以未雨绸缪。(plan)
不管学生提出什么问题,这位老师总是耐心回答。(patience)
5、非谓语
阅读英文报能使完美接触大量的词汇。(expose)
这个明年将竣工的游乐园可为当地创造5万个新职位。(entertainment)
接完电话,他既没关门也没关灯就匆匆忙忙离开了办公室。(with)
获得的经验会给你更多的信心去帮助你的客户。(gain)
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2

(共
2
页)
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
同课章节目录