指示代词、缩写及名词
Lesson 2
简单的缩写形式:
人称代词与be动词的缩写:
He’s=He is She’s=She is It’s=It is They’re=They are You’re=You are We’re=We are I’m=I am
否定形式的缩写:
isn’t=is not aren’t=are not wasn’t=was not weren’t=were not
don’t=do not doesn’t=does not
didn’t=did not won’t=will not
shan’t=shall not can’t=can not
couldn’t=could not mustn’t=must not
needn’t=need not
Have /Has与代词的缩写:
I’ve=I have You’ve=You have
We’ve=We have They’ve=They have
He’s=He has She’s=She has
It’s=It has
人称代词与be动词的连用:
I与am连用,we与are连用,you与are连用,
He与is连用,she与is连用,it与is连用,they与are连用。
连用小口诀:
am跟我(I)好,are跟你(you)好,is跟他(她、它)(he\she\it),长are也爱凑热闹。
This/That/These/Those
1介绍人或事物时可用this/that.
Eg: This is our new teacher.
That is my father.
2遇到复数时一定要把this/that换成these/those.
3当指代离说话人近的人或事物时使用this/these.
4当指代离说话人远的人或事物时使用that/those.
1.My name is Li Lei. ____ am 12. My father is a doctor. ____ works in a hospital. My mother is a teacher. ____ teaches English.
2.Lucy and Lily are sisters. ____ are in the same class.
3.____ is my father, and look over there, ____ is my mother.
4.____ are my books. And ____ are his books.
5. Hello! ____ is our new classmate.
6.Look! The children are singing. ____ are very happy.
练习题答案
1.My name is Li Lei. _I___ am 12. My father is a doctor. __He__ works in a hospital. My mother is a teacher. _She___ teaches English.
2.Lucy and Lily are sisters. _They___ are in the same class.
3._He___ is my father, and look over there, she____ is my mother.
4._These___ are my books. And _those___ are his books.
5. Hello! _This___ is our new classmate.
6.Look! The children are singing. _They___ are very happy.
名词:
一、不可数名词:
不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ,若要表示它的个体意义时,必须与一个名词短语连用,相当于中文里的(一 +(量词)+ 名词)。例如:a glass of water, a piece of paper…
上面提到的可数名词和不可数名词并不是一成不变的。英文中的很多词都是一词多义,名词也不例外,同是一个词在一种情况下是可数名词,而在另一种场合却是不可数名词。
常见的不可数名词:
1.液体的物质:water, coffee, juice, soup, milk, petrol, wine, beer, 7-up, coke, drink…
2.难以分出个数的物质:cheese, bread, meat, chicken, beef, soap(肥皂),chalk(粉笔), sand, land, hair, fruit, food, medicine(药), ice, money, paper, grass…
3.抽象的东西:sadness, kindness, fun, health, music, news, hope, luck…
使用须知:
1.不可数名词一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。
2.可数名词和不可数名词并不是一成不变的。英文中的很多词都是一词多义,名词也不例外,同是一个词在一种情况下是可数名词,而在另一种场合却是不可数名词。
3.使用不可数名词时,be动词要用单数形式(is, was)。
二、可数名词:
当我们使用可数名词时学要注意:它的出现,要么是单数的,要么是复数的,不会单纯出现可数名词本身。
所以我们就要了解可数名词的复数形式。
可数名词复数形式的变化方式:
1.一般在词尾直接加s;
2.以字母s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,通常在词尾加es;
3.以字母f, fe结尾的名词,把f, fe变为v,再加es;
4.以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,先变y为i,再加es;
5.以o结尾的名词要分两类:
⑴在词尾加es:
Negro—Negroes???????????????? (黑人)
hero—heroes???????????????????? ??(英雄)
tomato—tomatoes????????????? (西红柿)
potato—potatoes?? (土豆)
mango—mangoes/mangos (芒果)
⑵??在词尾加s:
photo—photos???????????????????? (相片)
zoo—zoos??????????????????????????? (动物园)
radio—radios?????????????????????? ? (收音机)
piano—pianos????????????????????? (钢琴)????????
目前来说,以o结尾名词复数时在词尾加es的名词,我们有一个小口诀:
黑人 英雄 爱吃 西红柿 土豆。
Negro hero tomato potato
补充:
这里再介绍一个帮助记忆的好方法:
这两类名词只加s:
(1)词末为两个元音字母的词
(2)某些外来词
这样,凡外来词则加 s.如 photos,solos,pianos,kilos(千克),tohaccos。凡词尾以两个元音结尾的词则加 s.如:zoos, bamboos,coos, radios, studios(艺术家的工作室)。
6.单复同形:
⑴sheep绵羊, deer鹿;
⑵以ese或ss结尾的表示“某国人”的名词:
Chinese中国人;Japanese日本人;Swiss瑞士人。
7.只有复数形式的名词:
trousers裤子;
glasses眼镜;
thanks感谢;
clothes衣服;
goods货物;
compasses圆规;
stairs楼梯;
people人们;
scissors剪刀;
chopsticks筷子
8.不规则变化:
Englishman(英国人)-Englishmen
Frenchman(法国人)-Frenchmen
German(德国人)- Germans
man-men woman-women policeman-policemen foot-feet tooth-teeth child-children mouse-mice goose-geese ox(牛)-oxen louse(虱子)-lice
名词单数变复数口诀:
名词单数变复数,一般加s没有错。
词尾若是s, x, ch, sh,直接加上es。
词尾若是f或fe,加s之前要变ve。
“辅音字母+y”来结尾,变y为i有道理,再加es没问题。
词尾字母若是o,加es有tomato和potato。
不规则变化要特别记,oo常要变ee, foot----feet是一例。
男人女人a变e,woman----women看仔细。
child复数要记准,“孩子们”是children。
有一些名词,虽然他本身是不可数的,但有时在他的词尾加上复数形式表示不同种类的该样事物。如:fruits…
常见搭配:
1.经常搭配可数名词的有:a few(一些、几个), several(几个)many…
2.经常搭配不可数名词的短语:a little, much…
3.两种都可用的短语:a lot of, lots of, some…
名词变复数后的发音规则:
1.以清辅音结尾的名词加s后,s发/s/;
2.以浊辅音结尾的名词加s后,s发/z/;
3.加es后es发音为/iz/。
1.Mum, I’m thirsty. Will you please give me some ____?
A. pencils B. cake C. water D. books
2.Bill said they would have ____ holiday.
A. a two-month B. two months
C. two-months D. two month’s
3.There are many ____ in the basket.
A. tomatoes B. tomatos
C. tomato D. tomatose
4.There are twenty ____ in the room. They are having a party there.
A. people B. sheep C. worker D. animals
5. ----Are there any ____ on the farm?
----Yes, there are some.
A. horse B. sheep C. duck D. chicken
6. I’m thirsty. I think I’ll buy some ____.
A. water B. bread C. cakes D. eggs
7.Tom and Linda are ____ from America.
A. pupils B. boys C. girls D. sisters
8. The old tower(塔) looks nice. It’s about ____.
A. twelve-meter-high B. twelve-meter high
C. twelve-meters high D. twelve meters high
9. These are ____ bikes.
A. Jim and Sam’s B. Jim’s Sam
C. Jim and Sam D. Jim’s and Sam’s
10. Jim and Li Lei are ____.
A. a good student B. a good students
C. good student D. good students
11.I have two pen friends. One is ____, the other two are ____.
A. Japanese; Chinese B. Chinese ; German;
C. Chineses; Japanese D. Germans; Japanese
12.I have two ____ in my pencil-box.
A. knife B. knives C. knifes D. knivees
13.You will see ____ sheep in the hill.
A. much B. a little C. little D. many
14.She cut the cloth(布)with ____ scissors.
A. a B. any C. one D. a pair of
15. He gives me ____ advice(建议).
A. a B. some C. two D. many
1.C
2.A
3.A
4.A
5.B
6.A
7.A
8.B
9.A
10.D
11.A
12.B
13.D
14.D
15.B
练习题答案
谢谢
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