高中英语人教（新课标）必修第三册Unit 1 Festivals around the world学案语法：情态动词

高中英语语法专题：情态动词总结
一、情态动词的特征：
本身有词义。
不能独立作谓语。
后接动词原形一起构成谓语。
不随人称和数的变化。
二、情态动词各自的基本意义及用法：
can
与
could
用法
对比点
can
could
表“能力”
Can
you
lift
this
heavy
box?
I
couldn’t
understand
what
he
said
at
all.
表“许可”
You
can
use
a
different
material
instead.
He
said
I
could
borrow
his
bike.
“怀疑”
No,
no,
it
can’t
be
true.What
on
earth
can
this
mean?
We
thought
the
story
could
not
be
true.
Howcould
you
be
so
careless?
①could
代替
can，表示语气更为婉转。
can
与
be
able
to
Eg.
Could
I
use
your
bike?
Yes,
I
can
区别
②can
(能够)=be
able
to(仅表能力时)，但
be
able
to
表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且
有更多的时态。
may
与
might
用法
对比点
may
might
表“询问”
May
I
…?(=Can
I
…?)
Might
I
…?(=Could
I…?)(但比用
may
更客气)
表“允许”
You
may
take
the
boy
there.
He
told
me
he
might
come.(might
与
told
相呼应)
表“可能”“或许”
She
may
nor
like
this
place.
I’m
afraid
he
might
not
like
this
play.
注：
①May
I…?的答语。②may
可表示期望或祝愿May
you
succeed
!③may
(might)
用于目的状语从句。
肯定：Yes,
you
may.否定：No,
you
mustn’t
不行(语气强硬)No,
you
may
not
或
No,
you’d
better
not.The
emperor
gave
them
some
gold
in
order
that
they
might
begin
their
work
at
once.
must
与
have
to
用法
对比点
must
have
to
表“必须”
(主观看法)必须；没有过去式，可用于间接引语中。He
told
me
I
must
do
according
to
what
hesaid.
(客观需要)不得不，有多种时态。It’s
raining
heavily,
we
can’t
go
now.
疑问句
Must
I
…?
Yes,
you
must.(
一
定
)
No,
you
needn’t./
you
don’t
have
to.(不必)
Do
you
have
to
go
today?
Yes,
we
do.You
don’t
have
to
worry
about
that.
need
与
dare
用法
对比点
need
dare
情态
v.+
动词原形否定式疑问式
He
need
not
(needn’t)go.---Need
we
do
it
again?---No,
you
needn’t
do
it
again.
He
dare
not
say
so.Dare
she
go
out
alone
at
night?
How
dare
you
say
I’m
unfair?If
he
dare
do
that,
he’ll
be
punished.I
dare
say.
(固定用法)
实义
v.
+to
do肯定式否定式疑问式
He
needs
to
go.He
doesn’t
(does
not)
need
to
go.
Does
he
need
to
do
it
again?No,
he
doesn’t
need
ot
do
it
again.
He
dares
to
say.He
does
not(doesn’t)dare
to
say.If
you
dare
to
jump
into
the
water
from
here,
so
dare
I
.
did
not
need
todo
表示过去没必要做
She
didn’t
need
to
attend
the
meeting
yesterday,
and
she
stayed
with
her
children.(她没有参加)
should
与
ought
to
用法
对比点
should
ought
to
表“应该”
表劝告、建议You
should
listen
to
the
doctor’s
advice.
We
should
learn
from
Zhang
Hua.
“有责任有必要”做某事You
ought
to
finish
your
work
before
you
go
home.We
ought
to
help
each
other.
表“估计”
They
should
get
home
by
now.
“非常可能”的事，可译为“总应该”If
we
start
to
work
right
now,
we
ought
to
finish
it
before
lunch.
注：
should
还可在虚拟语气中的使用注意：ought
to
的疑问式及否定式---Ought
he
to
go?
---Yes,
I
think
he
ought
to.
---No,
he
oughtn’t
to.否定式：oughtn’t
to
do
(不说
ought
to
not
do)
反疑问句：oughtn’t
?
shall
与
will
用法
shall
will
征询对方意见或请求指示，用于第一、三人称：Shall
I
(we)…?
Shall
he
(she)…?Where
shall
I
(we)wait
for
you?
询问对方的意思或向对方提出要求：Will
you
(please)…?
Won’t
you…?Would
you
like
to...?
(would
替代
will
更客气)Won’t
you
go
and
see
the
film?你不去看电影吗---Yes,
I
think
I
will.
不，
我想去。
表示说话人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“强制”“允诺”“决心”等，用于第二、三人称。You
shall
do
what
I
tell
you
(
to
do).我叫你干什么你就干什么。Everything
shall
be
done
to
save
the
ship.一定要竭尽全力来拯救这艘船。
表示“意志”“意愿”，用于各种人称：I
won’t
do
anything
you
don’t
like.我不会做任何你不喜欢的事。Would
表示过去时间的“意志”“意愿”Shylock
would
not
take
the
money
earlier.夏洛克先前是不肯要钱的。
used
to
与
would
用法
used
to
would
①表示过去的动作、状态，重在与现在情况的对比，
不一定要有时间状语。I
used
to
play
cards
a
lot,
but
now
I
seldom
play.
My
hometown
is
not
what
it
used
to
be.
①只表示过去动作的重复，有明确的时间状语。I
would
go
to
see
my
grandfather
on
Sunday
when
he
was
in
the
middle
school.②would
后只接表动作的动词，不接表认识或状态动词He
used
to
be
nervous
in
the
exam.
②表示过去的习惯有时可互换：When
we
were
very
young,
we
used
to
/
would
go
skating
every
winter.
③表示过去的次数时，不能使用：(√)We
went
to
the
Great
Wall
five
times
when
we
were
young.(×)
We
used
to
go
/
would
go
to
the
Great
Wall
five
times
when
we
were
young.
注：used
to
do
的否定式：usedn’t
to
do
或
didn’t
use
to
do
(usedn’t
也可写作
usen’t)疑问式：
Did
you
use
to
do
?
Didn’t
you
use
to
do?
Used
you
to
do?
Usedn’t
you
to
do?
情态动词表推测：
大多数情态动词(除表‘能力、许可、意志’外)，都可以表示推测，其程度有差异。按可能性程度的高低排列为：must
﹥will
﹥would
﹥ought
to
﹥
should
完全肯定
完全可能
很可能
﹥
can
﹥
could﹥
may
﹥
might
可能
有可能
区分情态动词的否定含义：may
not
或许不、可能不
might
not
可能不
can’t
不可能
mustn’t
不许、禁止
shouldn’t
不应该
needn’t
不必
情态动词表推测具体运用：情态动词可以对现在、进行、过去推测。
S
主+情态动词
+
be
+
adj
对“性质”“特征”的推测
S
主+情态动词
+
be
+
n
对“职业”“事物”的推测
S
主+情态动词
+
动词原形
对经常性行为的推测
S
主+情态动词
+
be
+
V-ing
对进行着的行为的推测
S
主+情态动词
+
have
+
PP
对过去的行为的推测
情态动词表推测时：①ican
只能用于否定句和疑问句②must
只能用于肯定句(它的否定句和疑问句其实就用
can
来代替了)③如句中有情态动词
+
完成时，定是对过去的推测
。④句中如有表示不肯定的话语E.g
I
am
not
sure;
I
don’t
know
之类，常选
may
/might
的各种形式。
表示反劝的特殊的表推测形式
1).
could
+
have
+
P.P.表示本来能做到，但事实上没有做到。
He
could
have
finished
the
task
on
time,
but
the
heavy
snowcame.
2).
couldn’t
+have
+
P.P.表示本来不能做到，但已经做到了。
She
could
not
have
covered
the
whole
distance,
but
in
factshe
arrived
ahead
of
time.
3)
needn’t
+
have
+
P.P.表示本不必做的，但已经做到了。
She
needn’t
have
attended
the
meeting
yesterday,
but
shedid.
4.)
should/ought
to
+have
+
P.P.表示该做而没有做
The
plant
is
dead.
I
should/ought
to
have
given
ot
morewater.
5)
shouldn’t/
oughtn’t
to
+have
+
P.P.表示不该做而做了。
You
oughtn’t
to
/
shouldn’t
have
taken
her
bike
withoutpermission.
注意：
must
只能用于肯定句(它的否定句和疑问句其实就用
can
来代替了)
①must
+
have
+
P.P.表示对过去肯定的推测，“一定是，准是”
The
road
is
wet.
It
must
have
rained
yesterday.
②can
+
have
+
P.P.表示对过去的推测(限于问句中)
Can
she
have
said
so?
他可能这样说吗？
③can’t
+
have
+
P.P.表示对过去的否定推测
He
cannot
have
said
such
a
foolish
thing.
三、情态动词表推测的反意疑问句
情态动词表推测的反意疑问句，简单来说，就是以情态动词后的时态为淮，如句子里有明确的时间状语，
则以其为准。
以
must
为例：
①You
must
be
hungry
now,
aren’t
you?
②He
must
be
watching
TV
,
isn’t
he
?
③Tom
must
have
lived
her
for
a
long
time,
hasn’t
he
?
④She
must
have
arrived
yesterday,
didn’t
she?
注：如选择题中(以
She
must
have
arrived
yesterday,
didn’t
she？为例)既有
didn’t
she
又有
hasn’t
she
则以
didn’t
she？为最佳答案。
四、练习
情态动词专项练习与解析(一)
You
return
the
book
now.
You
can
keep
it
till
next
week
if
you
like.
A.
can’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
needn’t
D.
may
not
Where
is
my
pen?
I
it.
A.
might
lose
B.
would
have
lost
C.
should
have
lost
D.
must
have
lost
I
wish
I
you
yesterday.
A.
seen
B.
did
see
C.
had
seen
D.
were
to
see
I
didn’t
hear
the
phone.
I
asleep.
A.
must
be
B.
must
have
been
C.
should
be
D.
should
have
been
If
my
lawyer
here
last
Saturday,
he
me
from
going.
A.
had
been;
would
have
prevented
B.
had
been;
would
prevent
C.
were;
would
prevent
D.
were;
would
have
prevented
He
you
more
help,
even
though
he
was
very
busy.
A.
might
have
given
B.
might
have
C.
may
have
given
D.
may
give
If
it
for
the
snow,
we
the
mountain
yesterday.
A.
were
not;
could
have
climbed
B.
were
not;
could
climb
C.
had
not
been;
could
have
climbed
D.
had
not
been;
could
climb
Without
electricity
human
life
quite
difficult
today.
A.
is
B.
will
be
C.
would
have
been
D.
would
be
A
computer
think
for
itself,
it
must
be
told
what
to
do.
A.
can’t
B.
couldn’t
C.
may
not
D.
might
not
Jenny
have
kept
her
word.
I
wonder
why
she
changed
her
mind.
A.
must
B.
should
C.
need
D.
would
We
last
night,
but
we
went
to
the
concert
instead.
A.
must
have
studied
B.
might
study
C.
should
have
studied
D.
would
study
—
Could
I
borrow
your
dictionary?—
Yes,
of
course
you
.
A.
might
B.
will
C.
can
D.
should
Tom
ought
not
to
me
your
secret,
but
he
meant
no
harm.
A.
have
told
B.
tell
C.
be
telling
D.
having
told
—
If
he
,
he
that
food.—
Luckily
he
was
sent
to
the
hospital
immediately.
A.
was
warned;
would
not
take
B.
had
been
warned;
would
not
have
taken
C.
would
be
warned;
had
not
taken
D.
would
have
been
warned;
had
not
taken
Peter
come
with
us
tonight,
but
he
isn’t
very
sure
yet.
A.
must
B.
may
C.
can
D.
will
I
told
Sally
how
to
get
here,
but
perhaps
I
for
her.
A.
had
to
write
it
out
B.
must
have
written
it
out
C.
should
have
written
it
out
D.
ought
to
write
it
out
I
didn’t
see
your
sister
at
the
meeting.
If
she
,
she
would
have
met
my
brother.
A.
has
come
B.
did
come
C.
came
D.
had
come
—
Shall
I
tell
John
about
it?—
No,
you
.
I’ve
told
him
already.
A.
needn’t
B.
wouldn’t
C.
mustn’t
D.
shouldn’t
When
a
pencil
is
partly
in
a
glass
of
water,
it
looks
as
if
it
.
A.
breaks
B.
has
broken
C.
were
broken
D.
had
been
broken
It’s
nearly
seven
o’clock.
Jack
be
here
at
any
moment.
A.
must
B.
need
C.
should
D.
can
—
There
were
already
five
people
in
the
car
but
they
managed
to
take
me
as
well.—
It
a
comfortable
journey.
A.
can’t
be
B.
shouldn’t
be
C.
mustn’t
have
been
D.
couldn’t
have
been
Johnny,
you
play
with
the
knife,
you
hurt
yourself.
A.
won’t;
can’t
B.
mustn’t;
may
C.
shouldn’t;
must
D.
can’t;
shouldn’t
The
fire
spread
through
the
hotel
very
quickly
but
everyone
get
out.
A.
had
to
B.
would
C.
could
D.
was
able
to
—
When
can
I
come
for
the
photos?
I
need
them
tomorrow
afternoon.—
They
be
ready
by
12:00.
A.
can
B.
should
C.
might
D.
need
—
I
stayed
at
a
hotel
while
in
New
York.—
Oh,
did
you?
You
with
Barbara.
A.
could
have
stayed
B.
could
stay
C.
would
stay
D.
must
have
stayed
—
Will
you
stay
for
lunch?—
Sorry,
.
My
brother
is
coming
to
see
me.
A.
I
mustn’t
B.
I
can’t
C.
I
needn’t
D.
I
won’t
—
Are
you
coming
to
Jeff’s
party?—
I’m
not
sure.
I
go
to
the
concert
instead.
A.
must
B.
would
C.
should
D.
might
—
Write
to
me
when
you
get
home.
—
.
A.
I
must
B.
I
should
C.
I
will
D.
I
can
I
was
really
anxious
about
you,
you
home
without
a
word.
A.
mustn’t
leave
B.
shouldn’t
have
left
C.
couldn’t
have
left
D.
needn’t
leave
—
Is
John
coming
by
train?—
He
should,
but
he
not.
He
likes
driving
his
car.
A.
must
B.
can
C.
need
D.
may
情态动词专项练习与解析(二)
I
didn’t
see
her
in
the
meeting
room
this
morning.
She
at
the
meeting.
A.
mustn’t
have
spoken
B.
shouldn’t
have
spoken
C.
needn’t
have
spoken
D.
couldn’t
have
spoken
One
ought
for
what
one
hasn’t
done.
A.
not
to
be
punished
B.
to
not
be
punished
C.
to
not
punished
D.
not
be
punished
If
you
really
want
yourself
to
be
in
good
health,
you
must
always
so
much.
A.
not;
be
smoking
B.
not;
have
smoked
C.
not;
to
smoke
D.
be
not;
smoking
With
so
much
work
on
hand,
you
to
see
the
game
last
night.
A.
mustn’t
go
B.
shouldn’t
go
C.
couldn’t
have
gone
D.
shouldn’t
have
gone
Most
of
the
students
felt
rather
disappointed
at
the
English
party.
They
say
that
it
better
organized.
A.
had
been
B.
had
to
be
C.
must
have
been
D.
could
have
been
I’m
surprised
that
he
in
the
exam.
A.
should
fail
B.
would
have
failed
C.
may
have
failed
D.
should
have
failed
The
little
girl
there
alone.
A.
not
dare
go
B.
dares
not
go
C.
dare
not
go
D.
dare
not
to
go
“Must
we
do
it
now?”
“No,
you
.”
A.
won’t
B.
needn’t
C.
can’t
D.
don’t
He
said
he
would
rather
not
it
right
now.
A.
doing
B.
to
do
C.
do
D.
to
be
doing
You
to
the
meeting
this
afternoon
if
you
have
something
important
to
do.
A.
needn’t
to
come
B.
don’t
need
come
C.
don’t
need
coming
D.
needn’t
come
Put
on
more
clothes.
You
be
feeling
cold
with
only
a
shirt
on.
A.
can
B.
could
C.
would
D.
must
I
play
football
than
baseball.
A.
would
rather
B.
had
better
C.
like
better
D.
prefer
I
thought
you
like
something
to
read,
so
I
have
brought
you
some
books.
A.
may
B.
might
C.
could
D.
must
There
was
plenty
of
times.
She
.
A.
mustn’t
have
hurried
B.
couldn’t
have
hurried
C.
must
not
hurry
D.
needn’t
have
hurried
The
plant
is
dead.
I
it
more
water.
A.
will
give
B.
would
have
given
C.
must
give
D.
should
have
given
You
return
the
book
now.
You
can
keep
it
till
next
week
if
you
like.
A.
can’t
B.
mustn’t
C.
needn’t
D.
may
not
It’s
still
early,
you
.
A.
mustn’t
hurry
B.
wouldn’t
hurry
C.
may
not
hurry
D.
don’t
have
to
hurry
Please
open
the
window,
?
A.
can’t
you
B.
aren’t
you
C.
do
you
D.
will
you
We
for
her
because
she
never
came.
A.
mustn’t
have
waited
B.
shouldn’t
have
waited
C.
mustn’t
wait
D.
needn’t
wait
—
May
I
stop
here?
—
No,
you
.
A.
mustn’t
B.
might
not
C.
needn’t
D.
won’t
It’s
a
fine
day.
Let’s
go
fishing,
.
A.
won’t
we
B.
will
we
C.
don’t
we
D.
shall
we
I
didn’t
see
her
in
the
meeting
room
this
morning.
She
at
the
meeting.
A.
mustn’t
have
spoken
B.
shouldn’t
have
spoken
C.
needn’t
have
spoken
D.
couldn’t
have
spoken
—
Please
don’t
make
a
noise.
—
.
I’ll
be
as
quiet
as
a
mouse.
A.
Yes,
I
won’t
B.
No,
I
won’t
C.
No,
I
will
D.
Yes,
I
will
The
young
man
has
made
so
much
noise
that
he
not
have
been
allowed
to
attend
the
concert.
A.
could
B.
must
C.
would
D.
should
—
Where
is
John?
—
He
in
the
library.
A.
should
be
B.
must
be
C.
can
be
D.
must
have
been
Since
the
road
is
wet
this
morning,
last
night.
A.
it
must
rain
B.
it
must
be
raining
C.
it
must
have
rained
D.
it
must
have
been
rain
—
Will
your
brother
stay
home
tonight?—
I’m
not
quite
sure.
He
to
the
cinema
tonight.
A.
must
go
B.
can
go
C.
may
go
D.
may
be
going
She’s
already
two
hours
late.
What
to
her?
A.
can
have
happened
B.
may
have
happened
C.
should
have
happened
D.
must
happen
You
must
be
a
writer,
?
A.
mustn’t
you
B.
are
you
C.
must
you
D.
aren’t
you
I
got
up
early
that
morning,
but
I
so
because
I
had
no
work
to
do.
A.
mustn’t
have
done
B.
didn’t
need
to
do
C.
needn’t
have
done
D.
can’t
have
done
He
have
come
here
yesterday,
but
he
didn’t.
A.
could
B.
should
C.
ought
to
D.
all
the
above
I
missed
the
last
bus,
so
I
go
home
on
foot.
A.
must
B.
have
to
C.
may
D.
had
to
He
ought
to
win
the
first
prize,
he?
A.
oughtn’t
B.
shouldn’t
C.
mustn’t
D.
both
A
and
B
Everyone
do
his
best
for
the
modernizations
of
our
country.
A.
can
B.
may
C.
should
D.
might
Let’s
clean
our
classroom,
?
A.
will
you
B.
don’t
we
C.
shall
we
D.
do
you
Let
us
play
basketball,
?
A.
will
you
B.
don’t
we
C.
shall
we
D.
do
you
He
asked
me
for
this
book
many
times.
Please
tell
him
that
he
have
it
tomorrow.
A.
must
B.
may
C.
shall
D.
both
B
and
C
“Your
phone
number
again?
I
quite
catch
it.”
“It’s
9568442.”
A.
didn’t
B.
couldn’t
C.
don’t
D.
can’t
Mother
us
stories
when
we
were
children.
A.
was
used
to
tell
B.
is
used
to
telling
C.
used
to
tell
D.
used
to
telling
She
would
rather
more
money
on
books
on
clothes.
A.
cost
…
not
B.
to
spare
…
don’t
C.
pay
…
than
D.
spend
…
than
情态动词专项练习与解析(三)
—
Has
Li
Lin
started?
He
said
he
would
join
in
the
party.
He
.
He
is
a
man
of
keeping
his
word.
A.
could
have
left
B.
must
have
left
C.
can’t
come
D.
won’t
be
coming
—
May
I
park
my
car
here?—
No,
you
.
No
car
is
allowed
to
park
here.
A.
may
not
B.
needn’t
C.
mustn’t
D.
daren’t
—
Excuse
me,
could
you
tell
me
where
the
Yajia
Supermarket
is?
It’s
two
blocks
straight
ahead.
You
miss
it.
A.
mustn’t
B.
can’t
C.
needn’t
D.
shouldn’t
—
I
saw
Mr.
Sun
at
Tongyu
Station
this
morning.
You
.
He’s
still
on
holiday
in
Hawaii.
A.
couldn’t
have
B.
mustn’t
have
C.
shouldn’t
D.
needn’t
—
How
about
paying
a
visit
to
Dr.
Wang,
our
former
Chinese
teacher?
Good
idea.
I
will
e-mail
him
today
so
that
he
know
to
expect
us.
A.
shall;
why
B.
could;
when
C.
would;
what
D.
will;
how
Everything
has
two
sides.
Beautiful
songs,
sometimes,
be
just
noise
to
others.
A.
must
B.
may
C.
should
D.
could
Someone
my
umbrella.
I
found
it
wet
yesterday.
A.
must
be
using
B.
must
have
used
C.
must
use
D.
must
have
been
using
—
How
dangerous
it
was!—
Yes,
but
for
the
passer-by’s
quick
action,
the
girl
.
A.
was
drowned
B.
could
have
been
drowned
C.
had
drowned
D.
should
be
drowned
You
scold
such
a
pupil
who
always
keeps
silent
so
seriously
that
you
hurt
him.
A.
should;
can
B.
may;
will
C.
mustn’t;
may
D.
can’t;
must
—
Why
does
Alice
know
so
much
about
Angkor
Wat?—
She
have
been
there,
or
...
A.
must
B.
oughtn’t
to
C.
may
D.
can’t
—
You
may
laugh,
but
I’ve
been
thinking
of
becoming
a
vegetarian.—
Oh,
you
be
crazy.
You
will
be
hungry
all
the
time.
A.
must
B.
may
C.
will
D.
need
—
What’s
the
matter
with
you?
Oh,
I’m
not
feeling
well
in
the
stomach.
I
so
much
fried
fish
just
now.
A.
shouldn’t
eat
B.
mustn’t
have
eaten
C.
shouldn’t
have
eaten
D.
mustn’t
eat
—
he
have
been
chosen
as
captain
of
the
football
team?—
Yes,
he
.
A.
Can;
must
have
B.
Must;
must
have
C.
Can;
must
D.
Must;
must
Mr.
Zhang
in
Shanghai
tomorrow
morning.
A.
can
have
arrived
B.
will
have
arrived
C.
may
have
arrived
D.
must
have
arrived
Miss
Wang
started
at
8
o’clock,
and
she
be
there
now.
A.
should
B.
can
C.
can’t
D.
need
—
It
must
be
Mr.
Li
who
did
it.
—
No,
it
be
Mr.
Li.
A.
mustn’t
B.
wouldn’t
C.
can’t
D.
may
You
finish
reading
the
book
as
soon
as
possible.
A.
may
B.
can
C.
need
D.
should
—
Need
you
go
to
work
now?
—
Yes,
I
.
A.
must
B.
need
C.
can
D.
dare
Your
trousers
are
dirty.
them
for
you?
A.
Shall
I
wash
B.
Will
I
wash
C.
Am
I
going
to
wash
D.
Am
I
washing
情态动词专项练习与解析(一)
1．C
从原题中
You
can
keep
it
till
next
week
if
you
like
这一信息句可知，“你不必现在还”。
2．D
从原题中
Where
is
my
pen?这一信息句可告诉考生，“笔丢了”，丢的动作是过去发生的。因此用
must
+
have
done
表示对过去事实的肯定猜测。
3．C
原题中的
yesterday
这一信息词告诉考生，在
wish
后的宾语从句中，用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
4．B
从原题中的
I
didn’t
hear
the
phone.这一信息可以判断出，用
must
have
done
表示过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。
5．A
从原题中
last
Saturday
这一信息词可知，条件句中用表示与过去
事实相反的过去完成时，主句用
would
+
have
done。
6．A
might
have
+
过去分词，在次是虚拟语气，表示“本来可以给你更多的帮助”，而事实则是帮助较少。
7．C
从原题中的
yesterday
这一信息词暗示考生，该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时，If
it
had
not
been
for
…
“要不是因为……”。
8．D
原题中的
Without
electricity
相当于一个条件句：If
there
were
no
electricity,故主句用
human
life
would
be
quite
difficult
today.
9．A
can
可以表示一种客观上的能力，本句
can’t，表示“不能，不会”。
10．B
从原题总的“I
wonder
why
she
changed
her
mind”“我不知道为何他改变了主意了。”这句话告诉考生
Janny
没有守诺言。因此，用
should
+
have
done，表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没有做”。
11．C
可参看
10
题。意思是：“昨晚本应该学习，但是却去听音乐会了。”
12．C
原题中的
could
不是过去时，而表示一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用
could
提问时，用
can
回
答。同样用
would，might
提问，用
will
和
may
回答。[注意]①—
Would
you
rather
do
such
a
thing?
—
Yes,
I
would.
②—
Would
you
like
some
tea?
—
Yes,
I
would.
这两个对话中的
would
rather，would
like
是惯用法，故不能用
will
来回答。因为在这两个句型中，will
不能去替换
would。
13．A
可参看
10、15
题。该句意思是：“汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有伤害你的意思。”ought
not
to
have
done
=
shouldn’t
have
done
14．B
从答语中的
Luckily
he
was
sent
to
the
hospital
immediately
这一信息句可提示考生，条件句应填表示与过去事实相反的时态。
15．B
从原题中的
but
he
isn’t
very
sure
yet
这一信息句可暗示考生，Peter
当晚来的可能性不大。A
是“准来，肯定来”，D
是“将要来”。
16．C
可参看
10、11、13
题。“本应该”而事实上没有……
17．D
从原题中
I
didn’t
see
your
sister
at
the
meeting
和后文
she
would
have
met
my
brother
这两个信息句可知，if
条件句中应填与过去事实相反的过去完成时。可参看
6、7、14
题。
18．A
你不必告诉他。因为
I’ve
told
him
already
这一信息句已暗示考生了。
19．C
当
as
if
引导虚拟语气的句子是，如果主句与从句中的谓语词所表达的动作同时发生时，as
if
后接一般过去时。例如：He
walked
as
if
he
were
lame.如果从句中的谓语动作发生个在主句谓语动作之前，则用过去完成时。例如：He
talked
as
if
he
had
known
the
secret.不论主句中的谓语是现在时还是过去时。
20．C
只要考生抓住
nearly
一词和后文
at
any
moment(随时的意思)这两个信息词语，就能很快选出
C
项，
表示逻辑推测，意思是“快七点钟了，杰克一会儿就该到了。”
21．D
根据句意，是对过去情况的推测。“当时决不可能是一次舒服的乘车。”must
表示对过去的推测只能用于肯定句。
22．B
mustn’t
表示“禁止”；may
表示“有可能”。句子的意思是：“你不可以玩刀，可能会伤你自己。”
23．D
该题在考考生
could
与
was
able
to
之间的区别。Was
able
to
表示在困难的情况下，经过一番周折而“能……”，并且成功地做了。
24．B
该题考查情态动词
should
表推测的用法。Can
和
might
都可以表示可能性，用
might
则语气更加不肯定。Need
表示“需要”、“必需”。Should
可以表示推测，结合实际，合乎逻辑，意为“应当”、“该”。根据第一个说话者说的
I
need
them
tomorrow
afternoon
的语境，可以确定正确答案为
B。
25．A
该题在考查“情态动词+不定式的完成式”的用法，从会话的语境看，空白处应填“could
+
have
+
过去分词”表示过去本来能做到的事而事实上没有做到。
26．B
该题考查表示请求的英语口语，用
will
来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表达一种意愿和请求，
是以疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“请你……，好吗？”，对于这种问句的肯定答语可用
Sure!
Certainly!
Yes,
of
course.
I’d
be
glad
to
等；否定回答通常是
I’m
sorry,
I
can’t.
No,
I’m
afraid
I
can’
t.
I’m
sorry,
but
…
I
‘d
like
to,
but
…等。
27．D
might
表示“可能性”。
28．C
意思是“我会的”。对祈使句的肯定回答。
29．B
shouldn’t
have
done
为本来不该做某事，而事实上做了。
30．D
用
may
not
可表示“可能不”。而
can
not
则表示断然的否定推测“不可能”。A，C
意思不符。情态动词专项练习与解析(二)
D.
must
表示推测时不用于否定句；shouldn’t
have
done
sth.
表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”；needn’
t
have
done
sth.
表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”；couldn’t
have
done
sth.
表示“不可能做过某事”。根据题意，选
D。
A.
情态动词
ought
后要接带
to
的不定式，ought
to
do
的否定式是
ought
not
to
do，所以答案是
A。
A.
must
not
always
be
doing
sth.
表示“不要老是做谋事”，含有埋怨、指责、反感等感彩。
D.
题中的
A
项和
B
项都指现在情况；couldn’t
have
gone
表示“不可能去过”；shouldn’t
have
gone
表示“本不应该去而实际上去了”。根据题意，选
D。
D.
could
have
done
sth.
表示“本来能够做某事而实际上未能做成”。
D.
should
可用于表示惊奇、感叹、不满等感彩的句子，如指过去的动作，则要用
should
have
done
sth.
Would
和
may
通常不带感彩。
C.
题中的
dare
是情态动词，后接不带
to
的不定式，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
B.
must
开头的疑问句，否定答语用
needn’t
或
don’t
have
to。
C.
would
rather
通常也视为情态动词(组)，后接动词原形，其否定形式为
would
rather
not。
D.
need
作为情态动词，其否定形式为
needn’t；作实义动词时，其否定形式为
don’t
(doesn’t)
need
to
do。
D.
must
用在肯定句中表推测时，语气比
could,
would
等肯定得多。此处“must
+
不定式进行式”表“想必正在……”之意。
A.
would
rather
…
than
…，意为“宁愿(做)……而不(做)……”。
B.
由句意可知，这是对过去发生的事情不太有把握的推测。
D.
needn’t
have
done
意为“过去不必做而做了某事”。
D.
should
have
done
表示“过去应该做而没有做某事”。
C.
can’t(不能)，mustn’t(不准)，may
not(不可以)，均不合题意。
D.
don’t
have
to
=
needn’t
D.
will
用在第二人称的疑问句中，为询问(或征求)对方的意愿或向对方提出请求之意。
B.
should
not
have
done
表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、
“责备”、
“劝告”，
“批评”之意。
A.
may
开头的疑问句，否定答语常用
mustn’t。
D.
疑问句中
shall
用于第一、三人称，用来征询对方的意见。
D.
推测“她不可能在会上发言”，must
表示推测时，不能用于否定句中。
B.
will
在此处表示“意志(向)”。
D.
should
not
have
done
表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、
“责备”、
“劝告”，
“批评”之意。
B.
must
do
表示对现在的事实进行推测。
C.
must
have
done
用于对过去发生的事情进行推测，且较有把握。
C.
表示推测时，must
比
may
语气肯定。
A.
can
表推测，只用于否定句和疑问句中。
D.
must
表示推测时，其后的反意问句有两种情况：①对现存状态(现在的事实)进行推测时，反意疑问句中动词用其一般现在形式。②对过去发生的事情进行推测时，若有表过去的时间状语，反意问句用动词
的过去式。
C.
needn’t
have
done
表示“过去不必做而做了某事”，若表示“不必做某事(且实际上未做)“则用”didn’
t
/
don’t
/
doesn’t
need
to.”
D.
A
表示“本能够”，B,
C
表“本应该”。
D.
have
to
表示客观上要求做某事，must
表示主观上认为必须做某事。
D.
ought
to
的反意问句应用
oughtn’t
或
shouldn’t
开头。
C.
should
含“按理应该做……”、“有义务做……”之意。
C.
Let’s
中的
us
一般包括对方在内。
A.
Let
us
中的
us
一般不包括对方在内。
D.
may
和
shall
均可表“允诺”。
A.
由句后得知句意为“我开始没听清楚对方的电话号码”，为对过去的事实或发生动作的表述。
C.
used
to
do“过去(常)做某事”，be
used
to
doing“习惯于做某事”。
D.
would
rather
后接动词原形。Spend
…
on
sth.为常用结构。x.c.o
情态动词专项练习与解析(三)
B。从
He
is
a
man
of
keeping
his
word
中可以看出，李林肯定已经出发来参加聚会了，这是对已经发生的事情非常肯定的推测，故用
must
have
done。注意
must
表推测时，不能用于否定句和疑问句中。
C。此题考查以情态动词提问的一般疑问句的回答。在英语中，以某些情态动词提问的句子，出于礼貌委婉或句意的需
要，回答时，要换用另一个情态动词。在回答
must
开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用
must，否定回答用
needn’t
或
don’t
have
to；在回答
may
开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用
may，否定回答用
mustn’t；在回答
need
开头的一般疑问句时，肯定回答用
must，否定回答用
needn’t。
B。根据题意，此处需要表示“推测”的否定结构，故
can’t
为正确答案。4.
A。这是一个省略句，couldn’t
have
done
表示对过去发生的动作的否定推测，意为“不可能……”。
B。这是一个综合题。本题
so
that
后的目的状语从句中的谓语动词要用“情态动词(
may
/
might
/
can
/
could
)
+
动词原形”。When
to
expect
us
表示“我们什么时候可到达”。“疑问词+不定式”结构在句中作
know
的宾语。
B。由
sometimes
可知，此处应用表示可能性不大的情态动词，即
may。
B。由后句可知，这是对过去发生的事情的肯定推测，故
B
项正确。
B。but
for
的意思是“要不是”，语法功能上等同于
if
引导的否定虚拟条件句，因前句中
How
dangerous
it
was
可知应与过去事实相反。
C。mustn’t
表示“不准许”，may
表示可能性，所以
C
正确。
C。句意：她或许到过那里，或者……。or
...
是重要的信息，说明还有其他的可能性。A
的说法太绝对，
与
or
...
提供的信息冲突。
A。must
表示的把握最大，may
表示有可能，need
不表示推测，will
表示将来。根据句意可知
A
正确，
表明对对方的不理解和责备，语气比较坚决。
C。shouldn’t
have
done
表示“本不该做……，但实际上却做了”。
A。疑问句中可以用
can,
肯定句用
must。
B。will
+
have
done，表示对将来必然进程的猜测。
A。should
表示主观性猜测，译为“应该”。
16.
C。can’t
表示否定的猜测，侧重于主观判断，译为“决
不会；不可能”。
D。should
表示劝告某人应该做某事。
A。need
引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答应用
must。
A。Shall
I
...
？是征求对方意见时常用的句型。