高中英语语法专题复习：定语从句学案word版

高中英语语法专题复习：定语从句
知识要点
关系代词和关系副词的选用
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
几组的关系词特殊用法
一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
The
happy
man
who
lives
next
to
me
sells
vegetables.
You
must
do
everything
that
I
do.
被定语从句修饰的词，叫先行词。比如上面两句中的
man
和
everything.
引导定语从句的词，叫关系代词和关系副词。比如
who,
whom,
that,
which,
wh
ere,
when,
why
等
关系词三重作用：①连接主从句；②指代先行词；③在定语从句中担任句子成
分。
The
man
who
lives
next
to
me
sells
vegetables.
该句中，who
lives
next
to
me
是定语从句，修饰先行词
the
man，
“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词
the
man，在定语从句中作主语。
二、关系词
引导定语从句的关系代词有who,
whom,
which,
that,
whose,
as
等和关系副词w
here,
when,
why
等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。
用关系代词
that,
which,
who,
whom
引导的定语从句
who
指人，用作主语
whom
指人，用作宾语
which
指物
，用作主语、宾语皆可
that
指人和物，
用作主语、宾语皆可
The
teacher
who
visits
our
school
today
is
from
Guangzhou.
Mrs
Read
is
the
person
whom
you
should
write
to.
They
planted
some
trees
which
didn’t
need
much
water.
The
fish
(which)
we
bought
this
morning
were
not
fresh.
A
plane
is
a
machine
that
can
fly.
The
noodles
(that)
I
cooked
were
delicious.
用关系代词
whose
引导的定语从句：
先行词既可指人，也可指物，一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”，请看例子
The
room
whose
window
faces
south
is
mine.
用关系副词
when、where、why
引导的定语从句
when
在从句中作时间状语
October
lst,
1949
is
the
day
when
(=on
which)
the
People’s
Republic
of
Chin
a
was
founded.
where
在从句中作地点状语
I
recently
went
to
the
town
where
(=in
which)
I
was
born.
why
在从句中作原因状语
The
reason
why
(=for
which)
he
was
late
was
that
he
missed
the
train.
高考试题中对于
where
的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“地点的模糊化”。事实上，对于
where
这个词，不能只理解为表地点。当先行词为
situa
tion,
case,
stage,
point
等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用到关系副词
where
引导。
way
(方式，方法)后常用
in
which
或
that
引导定语从句，也可省略：
They
have
reached
the
point
where
they
have
to
separate
with
each
other.
他们已经到了必须分手的地步了。
Do
you
know
the
way
(in
which/that)
he
worked
out
the
problem?
三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别相同点：都属于定语从句
不同点：①
形式上：有无逗号。限制性定从无逗号。非限制性定从，有逗号。
②
意义上：限制性定从对先行词起修饰限制作用；非限制性定从起补充说明作用。
He
has
found
the
book
(that)
he
was
looking
for.
Yesterday
I
met
Li
Ping,
who
seemed
to
be
very
busy.
He
told
me
a
story
yesterday，which
I
think
is
very
interesting.
(which
指
a
s
tory)
Tom
has
made
great
progress,
which
makes
me
very
happy.
(which
指逗号前面整句话意思)
四、几组关系词的特殊用法
限制性定语从句中，用关系代词
that
不能用
which
的情况：
①当先行词是指物的不定代词
all,
little,
few,
much,
everything,
anything,
not
hing,
none,
some
Do
you
have
anything
that
you
want
to
say
for
yourself?你有什么要为自己要说的吗？
②当先行词前面有
the
only,
the
very(恰恰，正好),any,
every,
some,
no,
all,
f
ew,
little,
much,
the
right,
the
last,
just
等修饰时。
This
is
the
very
bus
that
I’m
waiting
for.
③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
This
is
the
most
interesting
film
that
I’ve
ever
seen.
这是我曾经看过的最有趣的电影。
④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。
This
train
is
the
last
that
will
go
to
Suzhou.
这是去苏州的最后一趟火车。
⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。
Do
you
know
the
things
and
persons
that
they
are
talking
about?你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？
⑥当主句的主语是疑问句
who
或
which
时，
Which
is
the
bike
that
you
lost?
哪辆是你丢的自行车？
Who
is
the
boy
that
won
the
gold
medal?
赢得金牌的那个男孩是谁？
⑦有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用
which,另外一个宜用
that.
They
secretly
built
up
a
small
factory,
which
produced
things
that
could
cause
pollution.
⑧当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。
Shanghai
is
no
longer
the
city
that
it
used
to
be.
上海不再是过去的那座城市
了。
⑨主句是
there
be
句型且关系词在从句中作主语用，用
that
不用
which
引导。
There
is
a
seat
in
the
corner
that
is
still
available.
当先行词指事或人时，定语从句中关系代词用
which
不用
that
的情况：
①在非限制性定语从句中，只用
which,不用
that
He
broke
my
cup,
which
made
me
angry.
他打破了我的杯子，这使我很生气。
②当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用
which,
不用
that.
This
is
a
house
in
which
Lu
Xun
once
lived.
这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。
注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。
This
is
the
pen(which/that)
I’m
looking
for.
这是我正在寻找的那只钢笔。
只用
who
而不用
that
引导定语从句的情况
①先行词是指人的不定代词，如
one,
ones,
anyone,
no
one,
those,
all,
nobody,
anybody,
none
等时，用
who
不用
that.
People
all
like
those
who
have
good
manners.
人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。
②在
there
be
结构中，先行词指人时，多用
who
There
are
some
people
who
want
to
have
holidays
in
Hainan.
有一些想去海南度假的人。
③在非限制定语从句中，指人且作主语时，用
who
不用
that
Professor
Wang,
who
is
over
sixty,
still
works
hard
day
and
night.
由
as
引导的定语从句
①
such+名词+as…像…一样的，像…之类的
②
the
same+名词+as…
和…同样的
其中
as
可作为关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
We
have
found
such
materials
as
are
used
in
their
factory.
我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。(as
作主语)
These
houses
are
sold
at
such
a
low
price
as
people
expected.
这些房子以人们预料的那样的低价出售。(as
作宾语)
He
is
not
the
same
man
as
he
was.
他和过去不同了。(as
作表语)
注意
such…as…引导的定语从句与
such…that…引导的状语从句的区别：
①
He
is
such
a
clever
boy
as
everyone
likes.(定语从句)
他是一个人人都喜爱的聪明孩子。
②
He
is
such
a
clever
boy
that
everyone
likes
him.
(状语从句)
他是一个如此聪明的孩子，以至于人人都喜爱他。
第一个句子中
as
引导的是定语从句，因为从句中缺成分；而第二个句子中
that
引导的是状语从句，从句中不缺任何成分。
5.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句(若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只
可用
whom,
不可用
who,
that；关系代词指物时只可用
which，不可用
that。关
系代词是所有格时用
whose。
方法：①根据定语从句中动词的固定搭配来确认“介词+关系代词”中的介词；②
根据先行词来确认“介词+关系代词”中的关系代词
The
school
(which
/
that)
he
once
studied
in
is
very
famous.
The
school
in
which
he
once
studied
is
very
famous.
他曾经就读过的学校很出名。
Tomorrow
I’ll
bring
here
the
magazine
(which
/
that)
you
asked
for.
Tomorrow
I’ll
bring
here
the
magazine
for
which
you
asked.明天我将把你要的杂志带来。
We’ll
go
to
hear
the
famous
singer
(whom
/
who
/
that)
we
have
often
talked
about.
We’ll
go
to
hear
the
famous
singer
about
whom
we
have
often
talked.我们将去听那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家演唱。
注意：含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look
f
or,
look
after,
take
care
of
等
。
This
is
the
watch
(which
/
that)
I
am
looking
for.
(正)
这是我正在找的手表。
This
is
the
watch
for
which
I
am
looking
.
(误)
The
babies
(whom
/
who
/
that)
the
nurse
is
looking
after
are
very
healthy.
(正)
那个保姆照看的小宝宝们都很健康。
The
babies
after
whom
the
nurse
is
looking
are
very
healthy.
(误)