2012广东省最新高考英语专题解析课件：阅读理解

(共253张PPT)
根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能, 因此, 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型。这类题包括猜测单词、短语、句子的意思和判断指代内容。
要求考生根据语境猜测生词、短语或句子的意思, 或者推断熟词生义。题干中常含有mean, refer to, be replaced by等。如：
[技巧点拨]
解答这类试题最重要的方法是理解含生词部分的上下文(也就是人们常说的语境)来推测其意思。以下是可供参考的几个小技巧：
1.根据接近或递进关系:由and或or等可确定生词的义域,推知它的大致意义。
2.根据选择或相对关系:对比or(要么, 或者)前面和后面的句子或词语, 来猜测生词的含义。
3.根据同位或解释关系:通过生词后的定语(定语从句或分词短语等)、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思。
4.根据转折或对比关系:由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义。
5.根据因果关系:根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。既可由因推果,也可由果推因。
6.根据列举的实例:根据such as, for example等后列举的实例也可推测出前面某个词语的意思。
7.根据并列同类关系:一般说来,并列的几个事物应属同类事物, 由此可推测其中一个的大概意思。
考题中若要求我们猜测熟悉词语的意思, 我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思, 那些常规含义的选项不会是要选择的正确答案。
[经典例题]
阅读下列文段, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中, 选出最佳选项。
...Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not bring so much
material home in the first place.
61. What does the underlined phrase “that over-consumption” refer to
A. Using too much packaging.
B. Recycling too many wastes.
C. Making more products than necessary.
D. Having more material than is needed.
解析：据上文推测 。由上文的we already have more material than we need很易选出D。但我们也可根据构词法 来猜测：我们学过动词consume(消费, 消耗), 可知consumption应为其名词形式, 前面加上over
(超过)的over-consumption应为“过度消费, 过
度消耗”之意, 故选D。
[课堂练习]
阅读所选文段, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中, 选出最佳选项。
(1)
Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success.
According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two
-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.
31. The underlined word swimmingly in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ___.
A. Early B. sweetly
C. Quickly D. smoothly
1. D 据上下文推测。本文首句以疑问句Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home 开头, 接着就是与此相关的调研结果或回答; 由表明研究结果的句子“A recent research has found a new recipe of success”和调查结果的句子 “Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog”可知，两者“相处得好”。故选D。
(2)
When something goes wrong, it can be very satisfying to say, “Well, it’s so-and-so’s fault.” or “I know I’m late, but it’s not my fault; the car broke down.” It is probably not your fault, but once you form the habit of blaming somebody or something else for a bad situation, you are a loser.
You have no power and could do nothing that helps change the situation. However, you can have great power over what happens to you if you stop focusing on whom to blame and start focusing on how to remedy the situation. This is the winner’s key to success.
47. The underlined word remedy in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ___.
A. Avoid B. accept
C. improve D. consider
2. C据上文推测。由上文, 你没有能力也不可能“改变the (bad) situation”, 然而“你可以remedy the situation”, 根据这种转折的逻辑关系可推出, remedy应是“改善”之意。
(3)
We once had a poster competition in our fifth grade art class.
“You could win prizes, ” our teacher told us as she wrote the poster information on the blackboard...
We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard, rocking the sheets to the right or left while we conjured up our designs.
Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. We had plans for that ten?dollar grand prize， each and every one of us.
3.A据近义推测。上下句是Some...Other...句式，while we conjured up our designs的对应部分是while deep in thought，可见conjured up是deep in thought的近意表达，意为“思考，构想”，故选A。
47. The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means ___.
A. formed an idea for
B. made an outline for
C. made some space for
D. chose some colors for
3. A据近义推测。上下句是Some...Other...句式, while we conjured up our designs的对应部分是while deep in thought, 可见conjured up是deep in thought的近意表达,意为“思考, 构想”, 故选A。
(4)
Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends... Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-?year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.
“I would never have said to my mom,
‘Hey, the new Weezer album (威瑟乐团的专辑)is really great. How do you like it ” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”
Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.
41. The underlined word “gulf ” in Para.3 most probably means _____.
A. Interest B. distance
C. Difference D. separation
Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families.
4.C据近义或反义推测。因 “Music was not the only gulf ”与上段末句是递进关系, 可见gulf与gap是近义关系; 这里是回忆过去与现在(文章首段)的对比, 可见这里的gulf与文章首段首句中的alike和same是反义关系, 因此, gulf的意思是“差异(difference)”。
(5)
Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say (有发言权).
“My parents were on the ‘before’ side of that change, but today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side, ” explains Mr. Ballmer.
44. By saying “today’s parents, the 40-year
-olds, were on the ‘after’ side.” the author means that today’s parents ____.
A. follow the trend of the change
B. can set a limit to the change
C. fail to take the change seriously
D. have little difficulty adjusting to the change
5.A据上文推断。结合上一段可知, today’s parents就是
60年代后的父母，他们与孩子有更多的交流, 更加民主, 他们应当是“顺应这种变化趋势”的, 故选A。
[课外作业]
(1)
We have two daughters：Kristen is seven years old and Kelly is four. Last Sunday evening, we invited some people home for dinner...
The guests arrived. I introduced my two daughters to each of them. The adults were nice and kind and said how lucky we were to have such good kids.
Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age.
I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big “to do” over the younger one because she’s the one who seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions.
But we seldom think of how it might affect the other child...
56. The underlined expression “make a big ‘to do’ over” (paragraph 4)means ____.
A. show much concern about
B. have a special effect on
C. list jobs to be done for
D. do good things for
1. A据因果关系或近义推测。本句“因为她是似乎更易受到伤害的那一个”“所以我们成年人就对年幼的那个格外关注”, 可见答案为A。另外, 由上句中与之近义的made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile也可推出。
(2)
Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.
Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop How do they (and how can you) get others to follow
60. The underlined word “cultivated” (paragraph 1)roughly means ____.
A. encouraged B. compared
C. examined D. developed
2. D据对比关系和下文解释。由前句“领导艺术不像(unlike)维生素C一样一口吞下”可知, “领导艺术必须是慢慢培养的”; 下段的解释就更为清楚, are made, learn...in their everyday life, 特别是But which do they develop 中的develop, 非常明显地告诉我们答案是D。
(3)
“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves, ” he said.
Scientists are working to use that energy to make electricity. Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean. “The wind starts out by making little ripples(涟漪), but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves, ” Taylor said. “Waves are one of nature’s ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.”
65. The underlined phrase “picking up” (paragraph 2)is closest in meaning to ___.
A. starting again B. speeding up
C. gathering D. improving
3.C据前提条件与结果推测。首先要“聚集(gather)”能量, 然后才能将其发送出去(sending it off)。也可用代入检验法排除法: 用其他选项代入原句, 也后面的sending it off在逻辑上也都讲不通。此外,还可从前句中的get bigger and bigger得到提示。
(4)
If the world were a village of 1, 000 people...
One-third of the people in the village are children, and only 60 are over the age of 65. Just under half of the married women in the village have access to modern equipment.
About one-third have access to clean, safe drinking water.
Of the 670 adults in the village, half can not read nor write.
62. The underlined part “have access to” (in Para. 4)means ____.
A. use B. buy C. produce D. try
4. A代入检验排除法。用“生产”和“试验”代入句中，根据常识即可排除选项C和D。由下文 “Of the 670 adults in the village, half can not read nor write.”可知, 还有半数成年人非常贫穷, “用”不起现代设备。
(5)
When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.
65. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours __.
A. attracted the customers strongly
B. had weak effects on the customers
C. tricked the customers into shopping
D. caused the customers to lose interest
5. D据因果关系推测。由 “because they made the product look weak and ineffective(因为这些颜色使这种药看起来没有效果)”可知, “这些颜色会使顾客对这样的药失去兴趣”。
要求考生根据语境判断代词(this, that, it, they, them, one等)或代动词(do，does, did等)究竟指代什么。题干中通常含有refer to。
[技巧点拨]
一般说来, 代词的指代内容大多在它的前一句中, 或者前几个句子中, 有时也在它的后一句中。
找到指代的内容后把它放在这个代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理, 与前后的内容是否一致,然后再判定它是否为正确答案。
[经典例题]
阅读下列文段, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中, 选出最佳选项。
As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p.m.
I used to use it, but now I’m afraid.
58. The underlined part “it” (in Para. 4) refers to ____.
A. a taxi B. the money
C. a bomb D. public transport
解析: 句中it应是指代前一句中的public transport；用public transport代入句中, 该句话是合理的, 前后意义一致, 故选D。
[课堂练习]
(1)
By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became an important way to promote products and services. The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so successful that by the end of the century several companies started businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants.
61. What does the word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Advertising in newspapers.
B. Including pictures in ads.
C. Selling goods in markets.
D. Working with ad agencies.
1. A由本句前面的newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising可以推出。
(2)
My most vivid memory is being woken and brought down to sit on my father’s knee, his arm in a bandage.
He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war. For as long as I can remember, he had a weak heart. Mother said it was caused by the torpedoes. He said it was because of the cigarettes. Whichever, he died suddenly in his early 50s.
63. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refers to the father’s ____.
A. weak heart
B. taking a shore job
C. failure to return to sea
D. injury caused by a torpedo
2. A由本段第2 句中的he had a weak heart可知, it指weak heart。
(3)
Within weeks of the race, Henry Ford formed a new automobile company. In the 1903, a doctor in Detroit bought the first car from the company. That sale was the beginning of Henry Ford’s dream. Ford said: “I will build a motor car for the great mass of people.”
A. the selling of Ford cars at reduced prices
B. the sale of Model T to the mass of people
C. the selling of a car to a Detroit doctor
D. the sales target for the Ford Company
64. “That sale” in Paragraph 4 refers to ___.
3. C由前后句的意义衔接关系可知, “这笔交易”是指前句的“特律的一名医生购买了这个公司的第一辆汽车”。
(4)
A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it.
There are pressing calls on the resources(资源)of the government. Using taxpayers? money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.
68. The underlined word “them” refers to __.
A. taxpayers B. pressing calls
C. college graduates D. government resources
4. B由前后的意义衔接关系可知, 是代替前句中的pressing calls。前句说“政府资源有一些迫切需要的地方要用”而“用纳税人的钱来帮助一小部分人在未来获得更高收入并不是政府迫切需要花钱的地方”。
(5)
The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of expressive faces...
It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and
made significantly more errors than
did Westerners.
“The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions, ” Jack said, “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”
A. The participants in the study.
B. The researchers of the study.
C. The errors made during the study.
D. The data collected from the study.
68. What does the underlined word “they” refer to
5.A前一段说到研究人员选取了13个西方白种人和13个东方亚洲人, 通过观察他们的眼部运动来研究文化差异;此处that they show是修饰eye movement的定语从句, 意为“他们表现出来的眼部运动”, 这个“他们”, 自然就是指在这项研究中参加测试的那26个人, 故选A。
[课外作业]
(1)
...You are never going to win. If John wants to see them, I cannot stop him. He’s their father —I want them to see him! However, his visit in his present condition will disturb the children’s stable life.
John, who has spent much of his time in California recently, has only hired a house for himself in Pennsylvania, according to his lawyer. “If he’d like to stick to a regular life, I’d be
more than happy to do that, ” Jane says...
58. What does “to do that ” refer to in the second paragraph
A. To live with John.
B. To hire a house for John.
C. To allow John to see the children.
D. To ask John to set up a regular life.
1. C指代上文内容。由前文信息“He’s their father—I want them to see him!”可知, to do that是指“允许她的丈夫John探望孩子”, 故选C。
(2)
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them. We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now.
68. What does the underlined word “it” in Para. 3 refer to ___.
A. the American East
B. the American West
C. the argument
D. the alternative energy
2.D词义猜测题。由该词前面的We need alternative energy badly, and to really take advantage of 可知。
(3)
Alcohol may take a few minutes to be absorbed into the bloodstream and start action on the brain. Absorption rate is increased when drinking on an empty stomach or when consuming drinks mixed with fruit juice. To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process and it is not possible to speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup
of tea or coffee.
57. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to “ ___”.
A. alcohol B. absorption
C. blood D. process
3. D词义猜测题。 由该词前面的To get rid of alcohol from the body is a very slow process可知。
(4)
The multi-million pound new Library of Birmingham (LoB) will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization (数字化) of everyday life...
As digital media is important to its idea， the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.
A. the equipment
B. the project
C. the digital media
D. the physical library
51. The underline part “its idea” in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of ___.
4. B指的上文中出现的 “The LoB project”, 也指下文的the project。本句大意为, 数字媒体对这项“工程”很重要, 故选B。
(5)
Here lies the problem for travel writer and food critic (评论家) Edie Jarolim. “I always loved traveling and always liked to eat, but it never occurred to me that I could make money doing both of those things.”
1. The underlined word “both” in paragraph 2 refers to ____.
A. traveling and working
B. writing and shopping
C. traveling and eating
D. writing and eating
5.C由前一分句I always loved traveling and always liked to eat可知。
我们阅读一篇文章, 首先是要了解其大意, 明确其主旨。因此, 主旨大意题是常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea, mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。五年来共考了8道题, 其中mainly about只考过1题(2008), title题考了3题(2007, 2010, 2011), purpose题考了4题(2007, 2008, 2009, 2011)。
[技巧点拨]
弄清文章的大意, 关键是找到主题句。
主题句的位置:主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应, 有时也在文中,或没有主题句,需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文一般有主题句,但记叙文通常没有主题句,需要归纳。
找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming),即快速阅读文首、文尾,或每段的首句和尾句等,搜索主题线索和主题信息。
1.段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时, 该句很可能是主题句。
2.首段出现疑问句时, 对该问题的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
找主题句的四个小窍门：
3.作者有意识地反复重复的观点, 通常是主旨; 反复出现的词语, 一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4.表示总结或结论的话常有therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。
[经典例题]
Sometimes you’ll hear people say that you can’t love others until you love yourself... Sure we all know that we’re the apple of our parents’ eyes...But sometimes it’s a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge, it is time you build a positive self-image and learn to love yourself.
Self-image is your own mind’s picture of yourself. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.
The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes...
It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you can’t move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself...
The best way to get rid of a negative
serf-image is to realize that...
解析：由第1段最后一句it is time you build a positive self-image, 第3段首句The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to..., 最后一段的首句The best way to get rid of a negative serf-image is to...都说明本文是讲如何消除否定的自我形象, 建立肯定的自我形象的。故选C。
49. What is the passage mainly about
A. How to prepare for your success.
B. How to face challenges in your life.
C. How to build a positive self-image.
D. How to develop your good qualities.
[课堂练习]
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
原文略 — 见资料书P59
1. The purpose of the first paragraph is to ____.
A. define the secret of success
B. attract readers’ curiosity to read on
C. ask the readers for solutions
D. persuade the readers to believe in the argument
1.B写作意图题。作者通过一系列的问题开篇, 目的在于引起读者对这些问题的思考, 从而产生阅读本文的兴趣。选项A “define”是“下定义”的意思, 第一段并没有解释、说明“秘密”这个概念, 因此不能选A。
2. The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably means that ___.
A. a life without problems depends on one’s attitude
B. every living person has his own troubles
C. every one will experience success and failure
D. problems will be solved as time goes by
2. B细节理解题。该句话的意思是：没有烦恼的人生只能是一种幻想——是沙漠中的海市蜃楼，因此选项B 最贴切。
A. Unwisely ending one’s life will lead to greater problems.
B. To face the problem positively calls for courage.
C. One’s positive reaction to the problem makes the solution better.
D. Drowning oneself in wine is more than a temporary solution.
3.D细节理解题。根据第三段最后1句可得知(借酒消愁, 沉溺毒品,自杀)这些消极应对方式只会让问题更为棘手, 只是迫在眉睫的问题的临时的(temporary)解决方法。选项D意思刚好与此意相反。“more than a temporary solution” 意思是“不仅仅是一个临时性的解决方法”。
3. Which of the following is NOT true about the solutions to a financial setback
4. Which of the following saying best summarizes the last paragraph
A. All things are difficult before they are easy.
B. Never put off what you can do till tomorrow.
C. Storms always give way to the sun.
D. Time and tide wait for no man.
4.C段落大意题。最后一段总结得出, 意志坚韧的人之所以能度过难关是因为他们保持积极乐观的态度并能够坚持到底。同时也指出, 每一个难题都有其终结之道, 没有解决不了的难题。选项C的意思是: 风雨过后见彩虹, 点出该段的中心。
A. contributions of positive reactions to success
B. ways to deal with life problems
C. positive reactions to financial setbacks
D. effects on negative reactions
5. The passage is mainly about ____.
5.A主旨大意题。根据文章第一段和第二段第1、2句以及最后一段, 得知坚韧的人成功的秘密就在于乐观面对挫折, 全文围绕此中心逐步展开论述; 本文不是强调处理生活问题的方法(ways), 因此选项B不符合全文重点,不具体; 选项C、D仅是文章提及的部分内容, 不是全文主旨。
When you control your reaction to the seemingly uncontrollable problem of life, then in fact you do control the problem’s effect on you.
【难句理解】
结构分析：when引导的状语从句中, 使用形容词uncontrollable修饰名词词组problem of life, 并使用副词seemingly进一步修饰形容词uncontrollable, 该状语从句的主句使用助动词do强调动词control, 以加强语气。
汉语大意：当面对似乎不可操控的人生问题时, 你控制住了自己的反应, 事实上, 你就已经抑制住了该问题对你的影响。
enable sb. to do 使某人能够做某事
resolve vt.解决
financial adj.经济的
in the final analysis 总之
solution n.解决措施
permanent adj.永恒的
【助读词汇】
[课外作业] —原文略，见资料书P60
enthusiastic and excited
B. cheerful and confident
C. independent and arrogant
D. selfless and stubborn
1. Sam is _____after getting his dog.
1. B 推理判断题。从文章第二段的第二句Josie helps Sam be more independent and has also had a huge impact on his confidence.与第三句Thanks to Dogs for the Disabled, their trainers and volunteers,
we are a happy family now.可知答案应选B。
A. Sam was quite sorrowful because he was looked down upon.
B. Sam’s mother played a vital role in helping Sam to recover.
C. A number of people were moved by Sam and Josie’s story.
D. Josie’s skills and personality could satisfy Sam’s requirements.
2. What can we know from para3
2.D推理判断题。从文中第三段的第三句Josie, who was nearly two， had been specially trained by the
charity and her skills and personality had been
matched to meet Sam’s needs.可知答案应选D。
A. make friends with the people who need friends in their life
B. give people with physical disabilities courage and financial help
C. help the physically disabled to be more independent and free
D. prove that assistance dogs can help people do many things
3. Dogs for the Disabled trains assistance dogs to _____.
3.C事实细节题。从文章最后一段的第一句Dogs for the Disabled trains assistance dogs to offer greater independence and freedom to children and adults with physical disabilities and children with autism.可知答案应选C。
A. What else Josie does to help Sam to recover.
B. How the charity gains the public donations.
C. How the charity will train its assistance dogs.
D. What attracts people the most in the recent vote.
4. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows
4. B推理判断题。文中最后一句The charity receives no government funding but relies on public donations to continue its work.讲到该慈善机构并没有从政府那得到任何的资金, 而是依赖于公众捐助得以继续该机构的各项工作, 可知下文应该会谈谈该机构是怎么去得到公众的捐助的。因此答案应选B。
A. The training of assistance dogs is promoted by the charity.
B. Sam’s family supports the project of training the assistance dogs.
C. Assistance dogs are so useful that we can feed them in our houses.
D. Josie, a qualified assistance dog, helps and changes Sam a lot.
5. What is the passage mainly about
5. D主旨大意题。本文讲述了名叫Josie的协助犬帮助主人Sam的故事。因此可知答案应选D。
Sam Daly and his assistance dog Josie were trained by Dogs for the Disabled, to give Sam the independence he is losing as a result of having a life-limiting disability.
【难句理解】
结构分析：句子主干是Sam Daly and his assistance dog Josie were trained by Dogs for the Disabled ; to give Sam the independence不定式做目的状语修饰整个句子, he is losing 是省略了that或which的定语从句做定语修饰先行词the independence; as a result of having a life-limiting disability是介词短语做原因状语修饰to give Sam the independence。
汉语大意：
Sam由于残疾, 生活受到了限制; 为了让他能独立, 残疾人协助犬机构为他与他的协助犬Josie提供了训练。
have a huge impact on 对……有很大的影响
increasingly adv.渐多地
frustrated adj.失意的
depressed adj.沮丧的
donation n.捐赠 charity n.慈善机构
【助读词汇】
[技巧点拨]
文章标题就是对文章的主要意思的概括, 因此, 解答这类题的方法与解答主旨要义题的方法基本相同, 都是寻找主题句, 或归纳主要内容。
但主要内容题(main idea, mainly about)题的选项多用句子的形式, 而标题多用短语(特别是名词短语)的形式, 且具有以下3个特点：
(1)概括性: 准确而又简短。
(2)针对性: 内容范围相符, “帽子”不大不小。
(3)醒目性: 新颖奇特, 能引发读者急迫的阅读欲望。
1. 正确选项一般不出现细节信息。
2. 正确选项一般不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。
3. 正确选项一般含有抽象名词或概括性词语。
4. 概括全面、范围一致、说明道理的选项一般是正确答案。
推敲选项正误的6个小巧门：
5. 四个选项中, 内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确答案。
6. 干扰项特点：(1)概括范围太窄, 只含局部信息或某个细节; (2)概括范围太宽, 所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容; (3)无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。
[经典例题]
(2011广东)In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people...
From my wheelchair experience, I see the best in people...Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness...But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them.
...
解析：在第一段中, 出现了表转折的But...可知, But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people便是主题句, 再根据第二段最后一句可以确定, 这句的确是主题句。
又因标题要简明、醒目, 故选B。
30. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. A Wheelchair Experience
B. Weakness and Kindness
C. Weakness and Strength
D. A Driving Experience
[课堂练习]
(1)
Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can’t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.
Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop How do they (and how can you) get others to follow
Always give credit ...
Take informed risks ...
Encourage enthusiasm(热情)...
A. Leadership Is of Skills and Techniques
B. Leadership Is Very Important
C. Not Many Can Be Leaders
D. How to Be a Leader
63. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
1.D通过浏览法, 得知：第一段最后一句“领导技能必须精心培养”, 第二段首句“大多数优秀领导都是培养出来的, 而不是天生的”, 该面末句提出“但是应当培养哪些方面的技能呢？如何让别人听从(你)？”接下来, 分段论述的三点, 就是对这两个问题的具体回答。这两个问题实质上就是主题句, “如何让别人听从你”也就是说, 如何让你成为一个好领导。故选D。
(2)
How many people have I met who have told me about the book they have been planning to write but have never yet found the time Far too many.
This is life, all right, but we do treat it like a rehearsal(排演)and, unhappily, we do miss so many of its best moments.
We take jobs to stay alive and provide homes for our families always making ourselves believe that this style of life is merely a temporary state of affairs along the road to what we really
want to do.
Then, at 60 or 65, we are suddenly presented with a clock and several grandchildren and we look back and realize that all those years waiting for Real Life to come along were in fact real life.
In America they have a saying much laughed at by the English: “Have a nice day” they speak slowly and seriously in their shops, hotels and sandwich bars.
I think it is a wonderful phrase, reminding us, in effect, to enjoy the moment: to value this very day.
How often do we say to ourselves, “I’ll take up horse-riding(or golf, or sailing) as soon as I get a higher position, ” only to do none of those things when I do get the higher position.
...
A. Provide Homes For Our Family
B. Take Up Horse-riding
C. Value This Very Day
D. Stay Alive
71. What is probably the best title for the passage
2. C本文主题句在文中, 即在“In America...”这一自然段中, 主题句是该段的最后一句：to value this very day(把握现在, 珍惜眼前), 故选C。
(3)
Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self-respect The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as “honor” help you create this life of good feelings.
Here’s an example to show how honorable actions create happiness.
Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item. If we keep silent, and profit from the clerk’s mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement...On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul.
Then, what is it to do with our sense of happiness
In the first case, where we don’t tell the clerk, a couple of things would happen. Deep down inside we would know ourselves as a type of thief...In contrast, bringing the error to the clerk’s attention causes different things to happen. Immediately the clerk knows us to be honorable.
Upon leaving the store, we feel honorable and our self-respect is increased. Whenever we take honorable action we gain the deep internal rewards of goodness and a sense of nobility.
There is a beautiful positive cycle that is created by living a life of honorable actions.
Honorable thoughts lead to honorable actions. Honorable actions lead us to a happier existence. And it’s easy to think and act honorably again when we’re happy... Keeping on doing good deeds brings us peace of mind, which is important for our happiness.
A. How to Live Truthfully
B. Importance of Peacefulness
C. Ways of Gaining Self-respect
D. Happiness through Honorable Actions
50. Which of the following can be the best title of this passage
3. D本文以疑问句开头, 对其回答便是主题句“可广义归类于‘荣誉’的幸福行为的汇集有助于创造这种美好感觉的生活”; 文章第二段“下面这个例子可以说明光荣的行为是如何创造幸福的(Here’s an example to show how honorable actions create happiness)”; 最后一段最后一句, “坚持做好事会给我们带来内心的宁静, 对我们的幸福非常重要”。因此，本文主旨是“通过光荣的行为创造幸福”，故选D。
[课外作业] —短文略见资料书P63
1. What does the author think of the countryside
A. It is a perfect place to live in.
B. He can appreciate its worth.
C. It is a place where we spend holidays occasionally.
D. It is a place where he can often visit.
1.C细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 I have always regarded the country as something you occasional visit during weekends.可得知作者把乡村看成是偶尔度假的地方。
2. After the author’s friend returns from country, probably he doesn’t think ___ .
A. country people are kind
B. country life is convenient
C. country life is peaceful
D. the country is beautiful
2.B细节理解题。根据第二段第四句 He keeps talking about the friendly people, the closeness to nature, and the gentle pace of living.可得知作者的朋友提及了乡村的人、自然景色及生活节奏。
A. less exciting than expected
B. more exciting than expected
C. as exciting as expected
D. as boring as expected
3. According to Paragraph 3, country life is ___.
3.A推理判断题。根据第三段第一句话及此段的中心意思我们可以推断, 乡村生活没有人们想象中的那么令人向往。
A. prefers country life to town life
B. prefers town life to country life
C. enjoys town life as well as country life
D. dislikes town life or country life
4. From paragraph 5, we know the author ____.
4. B 推理判断题。第五段作者分别列举了他乡下的亲戚为了到城里看电影晚上必须赶上末班车回去及在城市生活的便利可推断作者更喜欢城市的生活。
5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A. Image of Rural Peace
B. Convenience of Town Life
C. Advantage of Country Life
D. Attraction of Rural Life
5. A主旨大意题。根据第一段、第二段的中心意思, 第三段的首句及第五段的最后一句可推知文章主要讲述人们对乡村平静生活的遐想。
appeal to sb.对某人有吸引力
at the mere mention of一提起
the rural life平静的田园生活
be superior to优于，比……好
the gentle pace of living悠闲的生活节奏
entertainment 娱乐 tolerate忍受inconvenience不便 available可得到的
【助读词汇】
这类题的题干中常有purpose, 或者后面接有表示目的的动词不定式，如:intend to, meant to, (in order) to等。
[技巧点拨]
我们可以根据文章的主旨和体裁来推断作者的写作目的。因此, 文章的首尾段或每段的首尾是阅读的重点, 作者的写作意图往往就隐含在其中。
作者写文章的目的通常有三种, 与之对应的文章如下：
1. to entertain readers(使读者愉悦、发笑)：常见于个人经历或故事类的文章。
2. to persuade readers(说服读者接受某种观点)：常见于广告或议论文。广告是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务：吸引更多的游客﹑读者或订户﹑观众等;议论文是为了说服读者接受或赞同某一观点。
3. to inform readers (告知读者某些信息)：多见于新闻报道类﹑科普类﹑文化类或社会类的文章, 以及劝告性或建议性的文章。
[经典例题]
(2011广东)In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources(资源), the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable(可持续的) ways.
That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries...In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.
Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, ... Besides, ... Finally, ...accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.
The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population...but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.
A. To introduce a new business model.
B. To compare two business models.
C. To predict a change of the global market.
D. To advocate sustainable development.
45. What is the main purpose of the passage
解析：在第一段中, 出现了转折的Actually, 其后的People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable ways是主题句, 随后的两句话都是对这一句进行解释; 句中两个must清楚表明了作者“提倡可持续发展”, 第二段首句Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries进一步说明, 作者写这篇文章的主要目的是“提倡可持续发展”。故选D。
[课堂练习]
How should one invest a sum of money in these days of inflation(通货膨胀) Left in a bank it will hardly keep its value, however high the interest rate. Only a brave man, or a very rich one, dares to buy and sell on the Stock Market. Today it seems that one of the best ways to protect your savings, and even increase your wealth is to buy beautiful objects from the past
Here I am going to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks, which I personally consider are among the most interesting of antiques.
...
...They... invented water-clocks. Indeed, any serious students of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from
the past.
Antique clocks could be very expensive, but one of the joys of collecting clocks is that it is still possible to find quite cheap ones for your own home. After all, if you are going to be ruled by time, why not invest in air antique clock and perhaps make a future profit
A. to introduce the culture of antique clocks
B. to offer some advice on collecting antique clocks
C. to compare different ways to make a future profit
D. to explain convenient and reliable ways of telling time
45. The purpose of the passage is ___.
B 本文疑问句开头“目前通货膨胀，应如何投资？”该段最后两句作出回答“保护您的储蓄并增长你的财富的最好方式之一，似乎是买古董”“下面对如何收藏古钟提一些建议，我个人认为古钟是最有趣的古董”，这便文章的主题句所在；再看全文最后一句，是一个表示建议的句子 “why not invest in air antique clock... (何不投资古钟……呢)”，作者的写作目的非常明显了。故选B。
[课外作业] —短文略, 见P65
1. Which of the following statements is NOT the reason why we should be thankful to our parents
1.D细节题解题。本文第一段讲述A项的内容；第二段“Parents have taken care of us”，“they will
always be there for you”可知B和C正确。
A. Parents took us to the world.
B. Parents took care of us.
C. Parents comforted us when necessary.
D. Parents depended on us when old.
A. They become old and they need our help
B. They helped us when we were hungry
C. They expect us to be their caretaker
D. They stayed with us when we needed them
2. Our parents need our care because ___.
2. A细节理解题。第二段“age also catches up with your parents and they need your help and support”可知A正确。而B、C和D不是根本原因, 即便没有这些条件 / 要求, 也应该照顾父母。
3. In the writer’s opinion, when people grow old, they will hope for ___.
A. success B. wealth
C. security D. health
3. C细节理解题。从第三段“Wouldn’t we all expect the same sense of security when we grow old ”可知C正确。
A. Some people don’t treat their parents well when they are old.
B. Some people are not willing to take responsibility.
C. Some people are too poor to take care of their parents.
D. Some people may feel regretful if they aren’t dutiful to their parents.
4. What can we infer from the 5th paragraph
4. B推理判断题。倒数第二段“Some of us mistreat our parents and consider them a burden.”可知A, 但不属于“推论”; 接下来的一句“Some of us move away from them”虽然没说明为什么有人要搬离父母, 可看作是上一句的补充, 可以推出B。而C和D都是本段的内容, 不需要“推理”。
A. to feed our parents when they are old.
B. to do our duty when our parents are old.
C. to live with our parents when they are old.
D. to love our parents when they are old.
5. The purpose of the passage is to tell us __.
5. B推理判断题。本文的主要意图就是告诉读者要在父母年迈之时尽照顾之职, 选B最为完善和恰当。
exist v. 生存 passport v.通行证
caretaker n.照顾他人的人
security n.安全感
mistreat v. 虐待 dutiful adj.尽职的
【助读词汇】
细节理解题是高考英语阅读理解中占比重最大的一类题型, 这类题旨在考查考生对事实细节的理解。主要针对who, what, which, why, how, when, where等来提问, 可能只针对文章中某一特定的细节, 也可能涉及若干个细节。
虽然说细节题的答案一般可以在文章中直接或间接地找到, 但是与阅读材料一模一样的正确选项是几乎没有的。而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思, 即语意转换。解题时注意以下几点：
1. 顺序性原则：一般说来, 题序与其题眼在文章中的顺序相同。如第53题的答案信息会在第52题的答案信息之后。
[技巧点拨]
2. 定位信息点：通过寻读法(scanning), 用题干中的关键词在文中搜索, 迅速确定相关词句或信息点所在的位置, 缩小阅读范围。题干中可用来在文中搜索的关键词可能是专有名词、数词、实体名词, 以及这些词的同义表达等。
3. 理解信息点：在找到关键词句后, 要仔细阅读, 准确理解, 对照选项, 看哪个选项的意思与之最接近。
4. 排除干扰项：在作出选择的过程中, 要善于辨别真伪, 排除干扰, 不断缩小范围, 选出正确答案, 这就是我们常说的排除法。干扰项一般具有以下特征：
(1) 杜撰事实, 无中生有。文中根本找不到任何相关信息, 完全由命题人所捏造。
(2) 偷梁换柱, 以假乱真。采用原文中的句式和大部分词汇, 但换了个别词, 改变了原意或范围。
(3) 半真半假, 虚虚实实。干扰项与原文相关细节部分相同, 部分相悖。
(4) 文不对题, 滥竽充数。干扰项是文中的事实细节, 但与题干要求不符。
[经典例题]
(2011广东) In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.
From my wheelchair experience, I see
the best in people, but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others. Often, we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness, which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them.
26. The author has discovered that people will feel happy when ____.
A. they offer their help
B. they receive others’ help
C. they feel others’ kindness
D. they show their weakness
27. The author feels sad sometimes because ____.
A. he has a soft heart
B. he relies much on others
C. some people pretend to be kind
D. some people fail to see the kindness in others
解析：根据顺序性原则, 第26题可能在第1段,第27题可能在第2段。
定位信息点：第26题用happy, 第27题用sad作为关键词, 通过寻读, 找到26题的答题信息在第1段后面两句, 第27题的答题信息在第2段第1句。
理解信息点：
第26题, 第1段最后一句中的it,指前句中的people hold doors for me, pour cream into my coffee, or help me to put on my coat, 人们的这些具体的行为可以概括为they offer their help, 故选A。语意转换方式：具体与概括。
第27题, 第二段首句中的I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily(因为表现独立的那些人看不到我每天看到的别人的善意, 我感到悲哀), 对照选项, 只有D正确, 只是用some people替代了those who appear independent, 用fail to替代了miss。转换方式: 同义替换。
[课堂练习] —短文略, 见资料书P67—68
1. Four balls — family, health, friends and spirit are different from work because ___.
A. they fail to recover if broken
B. they are more important than work
C. they cannot be bought with money
D. they are not made of rubber.
1. A细节理解题。由第一段中的Unlike work, once hurt, they will be damaged or even destroyed and cannot return to normal可知, 只是用fail to recover替代了原文中的cannot return to normal。转换方式：同义替换。
A. every one of us is born unique and special
B. we will easily lose confidence and fail
C. different people set different goals for their life
D. everyone has his own strengths
2. It is not wise to compare ourselves with others because ____.
2. D细节理解题。由第二段第2句和第3句知。该句使用强调句型“it is...that”, 强调了不要与人攀比的原因, “是因为我们每一个人都有自己的优势, 我们每一个人都是特别的”。选项A干扰较大, 强调“人天生(born)就是独一无二的”, 未能切中答案要点。选项D中用strengths替代了原文中的advantages, 即同义替换。
A. bravery can be built up by taking adventures
B. we’d better cherish what we have at present
C. mental health is more important than physical health
D. we should not easily give up when faced with difficulty
3. The author probably does NOT agree that ___ .
3. C细节理解题。选项C在文中找不到依据, 选项A、B、D分别在第二段最后一句、第三段第1句和第
二段倒数第3、4句找到依据。
A. it is difficult to find love in our life
B. it is wise to spread love to people around
C. it is better to give than to receive
D. it is impossible to keep yourselves from friends
4. It can be learnt from the text that ___ .
4. B细节理解题。由第四段倒数第2句可知。其余选项在文中没有提及。选项B中用spread替代了原文的give,即同义替换。
A. five balls in our life
B. how to live a happy life
C. the definition of a happy life
D. secrets to a great life
5. The passage mainly deals with ___.
5.B主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后2句和文章最后一段，概括得出, 本文主要论述如何处理好人生中的“五个球”, 从而过上幸福的生活。选项A表述不具体, 未指出本文论述的中心, 选项C在文中并未提及, 选项D表达过于笼统。
Don’t run through life so fast that you forget not only where you’ve been, but also where you are going.
【难句理解】
结构分析：该句是一个祈使句并使用了so... that(如此……以致)这个句型, that后从句中使用forget引导宾语从句, 宾语从句中使用了not only...but also...(不但……而且)这个句型。
汉语大意：不要一生奔忙, 匆匆而过,
以至于忘了自己从何而来, 往何而去。
bounce back弹回来
sensibly adv. 明智地
under-evaluate vt. 低估
take chances冒险
hold on to sth.紧紧握住
balance n. 平衡
【助读词汇】
[课外作业] 短文略, 见资料书P68—69
A. that a successful person is always attacked by others
B. how one should respond to the attack of haters
C. that a successful person should be talented and hardworking
D. how a successful person is affected by other people.
1. The author gives the example of Tina Fey to illustrate ____.
1.B写法意图题。根据文章第三段的最后一句Ms. Fey may be attacked by haters but she refuses to let them get to her可知。
A. they don’t make enough efforts
B. they don’t have unfair advantages
C. they lack luck and other’s help
D. they are not as talented as others
2. The author believes that the haters cannot achieve success because ____.
2. A细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句they aren’t willing to work for it可知。同义转换。
A. Be modest about his success.
B. Think whether he should deserve the success.
C. Try to changer haters’ opinions.
D. Be proud of his success and work harder
3. According to the author, what should a successful person do to deal with haters
3. D细节理解题。由倒数第三段和倒数第二段可知。将两条归为一句来表达。
A. One should buy fuels to do with hater’s negative remarks.
B. One should be motivated by haters to work harder.
C. One should become angry and shout at haters when attacked
D. One should change haters’ remarks into fuel.
4. What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph
4.B推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句When your reaction to their hostility has inspired you to achieve further success。
A. why haters are jealous of successful persons
B. how we can avoid attack from haters
C. what we should do with haters’ attack
D. how successful persons are affected by haters.
5. This passage is mainly about ___.
5. C主旨大意题。根据全文, 尤其是第一段和最后一段可知。
The haters are convinced that you’ve been lucky or that you’ve had some unfair advantage but the truth is that your success is born of your untiring efforts, and it’s these efforts that have brought about your “luck.”
结构分析：这个句子含有四个that从句， 第一个that从句that you’ve been lucky和第二个that从句that you’ve had some unfair advantage都是be convinced所引导的宾语从句，第三个that从句是be动词所引导的表语从句, 最后一个that从句是定语从句，先行词为effort。
【难句理解】
汉语大意：
讨厌你的人总觉得你只不过是运气好而已, 或者你走了后门, 但事实是, 你是通过自己的不懈努力才做出了成绩, 这些努力才是你的“好运”所在。
condemn v. 谴责, 声讨
hold it high把……高高举起
press n. 新闻舆论
【助读词汇】
这里的是非判断题, 主要是指true或NOT true, 以及含EXCEPT等词的这类题。解答这类题, 一定要看清, 是选与文章内容相符的选项还是选不相符的选项, 或是选文中没有谈及的内容。
特别注意：NOT true这类题，要求选出一个错误选项, 也就是说, 有三个选项是正确的。考生千万不要看到一个正确选项时, 就以为这是要选的正确答案呀, 这点非常容易出错。
Not true这类题涉及的信息点跨度大, 要注意作记号。
[技巧点拨]
[经典例题]
Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.
Certain microorganisms(微生物)cause most types of food poisoning. Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (释放)poisons that make people sick.
Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning. They are often added to food while it is being grown, processes, or prepared. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people. These include certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.
When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small...
A. Food poisoned can make people sick.
B. Food poisoning means death.
C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.
D. Food poisoning can be serious.
51.Which of the following statements is NOT true
解析：51题, 由第一段第三句Food poisoning is usually not serious可知，选项B (Food poisoning means death)与事实不符，即NOT true，故选B。顺便说说，由第一段第一二句可知，选项A与内容相符，是同义转换；由第二、三、四段的第一句话可知，选项C相符，是具体(原文)与概括(选项)；由第一段第三句的but some types are deadly(致命的)可知，
选项D相符，同义转换。
53. Food poisoning can be caused by all the following EXCEPT ____.
A. some chemicals
B. low temperatures
C. some tiny living things
D. certain natural materials
53题, 由第二段第一句可知选项C对; 由第三段第一句可知选项A对; 由第四段第一句可知选项D对; 选项B文中没有提到, 故选B。
[课堂练习] 短文略，见资料书P70-71
A. Internet offers school abundant learning material.
B. Online learning changes the traditional learning way.
C. The traditional classrooms become outdated because of the Internet.
D. Online learning is seen to be more successful than traditional teaching.
1. Which of the following statements is NOT true
1.C细节理解题。可用排除法。由第二段第三句The Internet provides schools...online.可知A表述正确；根据第二段第二句Learning via the Internet is a new style...traditional
teaching.可得知B、D正确。C在文中未提及。
A. stays at home alone
B. contacts with classmates through the Internet
C. keeps going to school
D. searches for information from classmates
2. As a first time mother, the author ___.
2. B细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四句可得知。
A. Most people get used to traditional teaching.
B. Internet can provide sufficient assessable information.
C. Traditional education is not as cheap as online education.
D. Online education depends on teachers.
3. What can we infer from paragraph 4
3.C推理判断题。第四段的第一句指出网络的教育省时省钱。及后面提及过去的教育在教学设施、师资、时间等方面都比较耗时耗力。如The cost of land, buildings and wages for teachers are continuously increasing.由此可推断网络的教育比传统教育花费相对少。
4. What’s the author’s attitude toward the Internet
A. Positive. B. Negative.
C. Neutral. D. Indifferent.
4. A态度意图题。纵观整篇文章及各段的中心思想，作者详细描述了网络教育对学习带来的变化与便利, 由此可知作者对此持支持的态度。
A. Internet Development
B. Online Education
C. Internet Learning
D. Online Teaching
5. What is the best title of the passage
5. B主旨大意题。 由第二段、第四段及第六段的首句不难发现文章主要讲述网络教育。
approach n.途径
be accessible for为……准备好exchange...with sb.同某人交换……
predict vt.预言
assignment n.作业
restriction n.限制
inescapable adj.不可避免的
【助读词汇】
[课外作业] — 短文略, 见资料书P71—72。
A. appearance
B. position in life
C. essence of good manners
D. humble walks of life
1. The underlined phrase “inner nature” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ___.
1. C词义理解题。“ inner nature”指“内在的本质”。第二段第2句, 得知“人的外表并不重要”, 因此排除A。选项B意思是“社会地位”, 选项D意思是“社会底层的行业”,通读全文, 选项C最贴切。
A. A youthful school boy who never uses slang.
B. A lady dressed in fashionable clothes.
C. A well-educated man good at making speeches.
D. A rich man who treats his servants with respect.
2. Which of the following can be considered as a gentleman
2. D细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句话“对仆人善意地关心, 以微妙有效的方法来感激得到的服务”可知。转换方式：具体与概括。
A. A gentleman is grateful for the service provided by his servants.
B. A gentleman is silent although he is offended by his friends.
C. A gentleman is good at selecting his words on different occasions.
D. A gentleman is graceful in his action and movements.
3. Which of the following statements is NOT true
3. B细节理解题。选项A可根据第三段最后1句推知该选项正确, 此处appreciation表示“感激”, 该句的意思是：他会用慎重而有效的方法来感谢接收到的服务。选项C在第四段找到答案, 选项D在第四段最后2句找到依据, 选项B在文中找不到依据。
A. every coin has two sides
B. clothes do not make the man
C. every man has his faults
D. when money speaks, the truth keeps silent
4. It can be concluded from the text that __.
4. B推理判断题。根据第二段和最后一段, 可得知,本文强调绅士的品格不在于华丽的外表或社会地位,因此选项B“人不在衣装”最符合文意。
5. What is the author’s attitude toward being a gentleman
A. Favorable. B. Unfavorable.
C. Indifferent. D. Disgusting.
5. A理解作者的写作态度。从作者对绅士的描述可看出, 作者对绅士的品质和行为是持赞赏态度的, 作者对修身成为一名绅士是持认同态度的, 因此选A。选项B表示“反对”。选项C表示“中立的”。
Every man cannot be rich, but every man, however humble his position in life can be, in the truest sense of the word, a gentleman.
结构分析：该句使用“however + adj. / adv.+ 主语 + 谓语”的句型结构, 表示“无论……”, 可与句型“no matter how+ adj. / adv.+ 主语 + 谓语”替换, 表达为: no matter how humble his position in life can be; 句中in the truest sense of the word作为插入语, 可放句首、句中或句末。
汉语大意: 从真正意义上说, 并不是每一个人都能成为有钱人, 但是每一个人, 不论社会地位多么卑微, 都能成为一位绅士。
【难句理解】
distinguish vt. 成为……的特征
humble adj. 谦逊的
walks of life 各行各业的人
consideration n. 体谅 essence n. 精华
reveal vt. 使显示出来
give no offence to sb. 不冒犯某人
graceful adj.有风度的
【助读词汇】
推理判断题要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理, 推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。
这类试题包括有很多种, 但广东自主命题8年来, 主要考查了推断隐含意义、推断目标读者、推断写法意图、推断观点态度等, 其中重点是推断隐含意义。
这类试题的题干中常含infer(推断), suggest(暗示), imply(暗示)等词语。
[技巧点拨]
解答这类题的一般步骤是：
1. 定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。
2. 字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。
3. 深层理解：结合语境和常识, 在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断, 从而理解作者的言外之意。
选择答案时, 注意排除以下干扰项, 以便缩小选择范围：
(1)原文信息的简单重复, 而非推断出来的结论。(考生易误选)
(2)推理过度的片面结论。
(3)与文中内容不符或完全相反的结论等。
(4)符合考生已有常识，但文章中没有信息支持。(考生易误选)
此外, 可采用主旨推断法：在理解短文大意, 明确文章主旨的基础上, 进行推断, 从而得出符合情理的结论。
[经典例题]
Pulling heavy suitcases all day in the summer is hard work, especially when you’re a thin 14-year-old. That was me in 1940 — the youngest and smallest baggage boy at New York City’s Pennsylvania Railway Station.
After just a few days on the job, I began noticing that the other fellows were overcharging passengers.
I’d like to join them, thinking, “Everyone else is doing it.”
When I got home that night, I told my dad what I wanted to do. “You give an honest day’s work, ” he said, looking at me straight in the eye. “They’re paying you. If they want to do that, you let them do that.”
A. They could earn much, but they had to work hard.
B. Many of them earned money in a dishonest way.
C. They were all from poor families.
D. They were all thin, young boys.
68. What can be inferred about the baggage boys
解析：68题, 由第二段的I began noticing that the other fellows were overcharging passengers (其他同伴都多收旅客的钱)和Everyone else is doing it (别人个个都这样做) 可推出, 选B。“多收”就是通过欺诈的方式赚钱。
A. It is wrong to give more pay to the passengers.
B. Don’t believe them if they are paying you more.
C. Don’t follow others to overcharge the passengers.
D. It is difficult to work hard and live as an honest boy.
69. What does the father’s advice imply
69 题, 在第三段找到父亲的话, “如果他们那样做, 你让他们那样去做(欺诈旅客的钱)”, 言外之意是, “你不要那样去做”, 故选C。
[课堂练习]
(1)
When waves come toward the shore, people can set up dams to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine(涡轮机). The turbine can then power an electrical generator to produce electricity.
“The resource is huge, ” said Janet Swain of the Worldwatch Institute. “We will never run out of wave power.”
...Oceans cover three-quarters of the Earth’s surface...
Traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may someday run out...In the future when you turn on a light, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!
A. air pollution
B. our boat traffic
C. our power supply
D. our supply of sea fish
67. It can be inferred that some day we might not worry about ___.
1.C根据“We will never run out of wave power”和全文最后一句可推知。
(2)
In 1837, the historian Carlyle made the first recorded use of the word “queue(排队)”. He spoke of the French and their “habit of standing in a queue”. Forty years later Paris was the best place to wait in line.
However, queuing became popular in Britain too. The Second World War was the golden age of queuing, and people joined any line in the hope that it was a queue
for something to buy.
This was the source of many Second World War jokes：
Shopkeeper to customer：Excuse me, Miss, are you pregnant(怀孕)
Customer: Well, I wasn’t when I joined the queue.
Today, according to research in America, we (in Britain)can spend up to 5 years of our lives queuing — as compared to twelve months looking for things we have
lost. But things may be changing...
One way to make life easier is to introduce “queue management”...
One of the latest technical progress is the use of an electronic scanner(电子识别器)...
But some people just like queuing. One man queued all night for Harrods famous January sale, and then returned home for breakfast at nine o’clock the next morning without going into the shop.
A. has been waiting in the queue for a long time
B. doesn’t need to stand in the queue
C. enjoys standing in the queue
D. has stood in the wrong line
68. The joke in Paragraph 2 implies that the young woman ____.
2. 68.A由笑话中的“I wasn’t when I joined the queue(加入到这个队伍时我还没有怀孕)”可知。
A. queue management doesn’t work well
B. there is still queuing in England
C. we don’t see much queuing in Paris
D. the French like queuing more than the British
71. We can infer from the passage that ___.
71.B由最后一段第1句可知。其他选项没有依据。
(3)
Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning...
Certain microorganisms(微生物)cause most types of food poisoning...
Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning...
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people...
When people handle food properly, the risk
of food poisoning is very small. Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with dirty hands or put food
on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from growing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms.
People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat wild mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.
Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water
A. natural materials are safe in food processing
B. chemicals are needed in food processing
C. food poisoning can be kept under control
D. food poisoning is out of control
55. It can be inferred from the passage that ___.
3. C由文章第五段, 尤其是该段第一句When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small可推知, 只要用不同的方法处理好食物, 食物中毒是可以得到控制的。
[课外作业]—短文略, 见资料书P74—75.
A. smoking should be banned in all New York City restaurants
B. efforts should be made in developing countries to fight tobacco use
C. governments and society should take measures to stop smoking
D. people who smoke in the public should be severely punished
1. Bill Gates and Bloomberg share the same opinion that ___.
1.C细节理解题。根据第一段最后1句start a global movement of governments and civil society to stop smoking可得知答案。选项A是Bloomberg的观点, 选项B是Bill Gates的观点, 选项D在原文没有提及。
2. How much did Bloomberg spend on Bloomberg’s Initiative
A. $250. B. $375.
C. $399. D. $524.
2. B细节理解题。根据第三段可得知答案。$125+ $250= $375。
3. It can be inferred from the text that Bill Gates is all of the following EXCEPT ___.
A. Generous B. Far-sighted
C. selfish D. positive
3.C推理判断题。 根据文章内容, 推断Bill Gates的性格特征。Bill Gates捐赠资金支持禁烟, 可见他是大方、慷慨的(generous); 他考虑到下一代人的利益(见最后一段最后一句), 得知他是目光远大的(far-sighted); 主张禁烟运动(见第一段)和帮助发展中国家禁烟和解决吸烟带来的健康困扰等问题(见第四段), 可推知他是积极的、正面的(positive); 选项C在文中没有提及。
A. Violence and crime rate continue to rise in
the society.
B. The poor spend ten times more money on cigarettes than on education.
C. 50 million people in China live in poverty because of smoking-related medical bills.
D. Many smokers and second-hand smokers die of lung diseases every year.
4. Which statement does NOT agree with “this situation” in the last paragraph
4. A推理判断题。根据文章推断划线部分内容所指, 再判断哪个选项所描述的情形符合划线部分内容所指。根据文章最后一段, this situation指“people around the world continue to smoke at large costs to their health and wallets” (世界上很多人不惜以健康和金钱为代价, 继续吸烟)。因此只有选项A的情况不符合this situation所指代的内容。
A. persuade people to quit smoking
B. inform people of the big harm of tobacco use
C. give advice on anti-smoking activities
D. introduce Gate’s and Bloomberg’s effort to fight smoking
5. The purpose of the text is to ____.
5. D理解作者的写作意图。本文作者客观介绍了比尔盖茨和布隆伯格推动禁烟运动的决心和措施, 因此选项D符合文意。
It aims to discourage smoking trends around the world by working to change tobacco’s image, protect nonsmokers from second-hand smoke, and help people stop smoking.
汉语大意：它(倡议)的目的在于通过改变香烟在人们心目中的形象来打击全世界吸烟的潮流趋势, 使非吸烟者不吸二手烟, 并帮助人们戒烟。
结构分析：aim to后接三个并列动词discourage, protect, help, 在动词help前使用并列连词and连接这三个动词。
【难句理解】
anti-tobacco n. 禁烟 ban n.禁令
co-founder n. 共同创立者 invest vt.投资
team up with...与……合作
aim to do sth.目的在于……
protect...from... 保护……免受……
commitment n. 承诺，保证
make a difference 起重要作用
【助读词汇】
除推断隐含意义外, 广东自主命题8年来, 还出现了推断预定读者(2008年)和推断作者运用写作手法的意图(2005年和2007年)。不过, 这两类题一共只出现了3次。
推断预定读者的主要方法是留意作者的用词,体会作者的语气。
[技巧点拨]
作者运用某种写作手法的意图, 或
是要引出主题、突出主题, 或是要吸引
读者关注主题, 或是要把主题说明得更
清楚, 等等。运用写作手法的主要意图有：
1. 开头提出问题—让读者关注主题。
2. 简介相关事物—为了引出主题。
3. 列举具体事例—说明文段的主题。
4. 运用比拟或比喻—让读者易理解抽象或陌生的事物。
5. 引语—说明或论证某个观点, 或使自己的观点更有说服力。
[经典例题]
Sometimes you’ll hear (共16张PPT)
灵活运用以下三种有效的阅读方法,可以大大提高阅读速度和解题速度。
就是以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的标题、首尾段、每段的首尾句、以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分,以了解文章的主旨大意。
1. 略读(skimming)——弄清文章大意
也叫寻读, 就是带着问题或者关键词去快速阅读, 以求在短时间内准确地寻找到我们所需要的信息。专有名词和数字等特别适合作关键词。
2. 查读(scanning)——寻找所需信息
就是通过略读了解文章主旨和通过查读找到了相关的信息范围之后,在相关范围内逐句、逐词地阅读,不仅要理解其字面意思, 而且要结合语境,通过分析、综合、比较、联想等思维方法,并结合自己已有的知识和经验进行推理、判断,来理解文章的深层含义,以及作者的立场、观点、态度或意图等。
3.研读(study reading)—准确理解含意
解题的顺序有的人喜欢先阅读文章再看题目,有的人喜欢先看题目再阅读文章,这要因人而异,本无优劣之分的,应根据你的习惯来决定。我们推荐以下步骤：
1.用略读法了解文章大意及各段的大意,便于解题时快速信息定位。
2.阅读题干及各个选项,了解考查的内容,确定要到文章中去找的关键信息。
3.带着问题或关键信息,用查读法到文中找到关键信息所在的相关句段,即信息定位。切记：命题的顺序性原则对迅速定位信息有重要的导向作用。
4.用研读法理解相关句段,筛选答案,作出选择。
5.综合考虑各题所选选项,看是否切合全文主旨。
准确理解长难句是考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能,是阅读理解的基础。我们要善于运用句法知识来理解长难句, 先判断句子的主干部分(主谓宾, 或主系表), 而句子的修饰、补充成分, 可以先忽略不看。在理解了句子的主干意思后，再理解修饰、补充成分。长难句的主要类型有：
常见的修饰成分有介词短语、非谓
语动词作定语或状语。
1. 简单句中含有复杂的修饰成分
[破解方法] 跳读那些做修饰成分的介词短语和非谓语结构, 把握句子的主干。如：
(2007广东) Indeed, any serious student of antique should spend as much time as possible visiting palaces, stately homes and museums to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past.
分析:
句子的主干是student should spend time, 句子为spend time doing sth. 结构; 句中any serious 和of antique 作students的定语; places, stately homes and museums作visiting的宾语, to see some of the finest examples of clocks from the past 不定式短语作目的状语。
为了调整语气或补充信息,或为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻,在语法关系密切的两个句子成分之间往往加入同位语、插入语、非限制性定语从句、破折号等,这也会给我们理解增加了难度。
2.两个句子成分之间被插入语等所分隔
[破解方法] 跳过插入成分, 关注标点
符号(如破折号, 两个逗号之间的同位语)。如：
(2009广州一模)The boy, who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home, replied in a way that shocked his father.
分析：句子的主干是The boy replied, 主语和谓语之间被非限制性定语从句who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home分开了。另外, that shocked his father是定
语从句, 修饰way。
有时, 一个从句套着另一个从句, 环环相扣, 或并列分句中又含有从句, 且可能同时还有介词短语或非谓语动词等, 结构非常复杂。其实, 不管句子有多长, 结构有多复杂, 它只由两部分构成, 即主干和修饰成分。
3. 从句套从句, 环环相扣式
[破解方法]
(1)确定并列连词(but, and, so, or, for), 从句连接词(that, which, what, when, how, whether, if, where, because, though);
(2)跳读定语、状语(短语或从句)等;
(3)先读懂并列句, 再看主从复合句, 最后看其他修饰成分。如：
(2009广东) Sire shows in her book a deep concern about the fall of handwriting and the failure of schools to teach children to write well, but many others argue that people in a digital age can’t be expected to learn to hold a pen.
分析：本句是由表转折的but 连接的并列句。前一分句中, 主干是Sire shows a deep concern; but的后一分句中, 主干是others argue that, argue 后还跟宾语从句that people in a digital age can’t be expected to learn to hold a pen.
总之, 快速把握句子主干是理解长难句的关键。我们必须学会分析句子结构, 把握句子主干, 准确理解句子意思, 有效提高阅读速度。