Unit8
Topic
talk
&
Lesson1
1．industrial
adj．工业的→industry
n．[U]工业；[C]行业
2．extinction
n．[U]灭绝，消亡→extinct
adj．已灭绝的，绝种的
3．solution
n．[C]解决办法→solve
vt.
解决，处理；解答，破解
4．recycle
vt．&
vi．再利用，回收利用→recycling
n．[U]回收利用→recyclable
adj．可回收利用的
5．balance
n．[U,sing.]均衡，平衡；[U]平衡能力→balanced
adj．保持（或显示）平衡的
6．shoot
n．[C]幼苗，嫩芽，新枝vt.
&
vi.射击；射门，投篮；拍摄→shot
n．[C]射击，枪声；射门，投篮；照片；镜头；[C,usually
sing.]尝试，努力→shooting
n.
[C]枪击；[U](电影的)拍摄
7．bothered
adj．担心的；烦恼的→bother
vi.
花费时间精力（做某事）vt.
使（某人）烦恼，给（某人）造成麻烦n.
[U]麻烦；[sing.]令人烦恼的情况（或事物、人）
8．foundation
n．[C,U]基础→found
vt.
建立
9．involve
vt．参与；包含→involvement
n．[U]参与，加入→involved
adj．参与，有关联
重点单词与短语精析
★课标词
▲高频词
★▲1.
solution
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)solution
n.[C]解决办法，处理手段；答案，谜底(常与介词to搭配)
a
solution
to...
……的解决办法/答案/谜底
come
up
with/find/seek
a
solution
想出/找到/寻找解决方法
?U.N.
leaders
are
working
hard
to
find
a
peaceful
solution
to
the
conflict.
联合国领导人正在努力寻找和平解决冲突的办法。
(2)
solve
vt.
解决，处理；解答，破解
?She
tried
her
best
to
solve
the
problem.
她尽了最大的努力解决这个问题。
(3)常与介词to连用的其他名词及其搭配：
the
key
to...
……的关键
the
way
to...
去……的路
the
answer
to
...
……的答案
the
entrance
to...……的入口
the
approach
to...……的方式/方法
【练习】语法填空
①—We
need
to
keep
working
and
find
a
solution
to
the
problem
as
soon
as
possible.
—I
couldn’t
agree
more.
②(2018·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解七选五改编)Whatever
you’re
looking
for,
color
is
the
key
to
making
(make)
a
room
feel
the
way
you
want
it
to
feel.
③(浙江高考单项填空改编)
Facing
up
to
your
problems
rather
than
running
away
from
them
is
the
best
approach
to
working
(work)things
out.
★▲2.
transport
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)n.
[U](BrE)交通运输系统；交通车辆。运输工具。在美式英语中，通常用
transportation。
air
/
road
transport空运/陆运
public
transport公共交通，公交车辆
(2)vt.
运输，运送；使产生身临其境的感觉
transport...(from...)to...
把……(从……)运到……
?A
special
bus
transported
the
tourists
from
the
airport
to
a
hotel.
一辆专车把游客们从机场送到一家旅馆。
【练习】完成句子：科幻小说能够把你带到另一个世界或者帮你想象出你没有经历过的事情。
Science
fiction
can
transport
you
to
another
world
or
help
you
imagine
something
beyond
your
own
experience.
[高频短语]3.
live
a
(n)
.
.
.
life
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)
live
a(n)...life意为“过着……的生活”，其中life为动词live的同源宾语，该短语相当于lead
a(n)...life。
?She
lives
a
very
peaceful
life.她过着十分宁静的生活。
(2)live,
smile,
dream,
sleep,
laugh,
breathe,
die后边可以跟与这些动词同根的名词作宾语，这种宾语叫作同源宾语。
dream
a
sweet
dream
做了个美梦
sleep
a
sound
sleep
好好睡了一觉
breathe
a
deep
breath深呼吸
laugh
a
merry
laugh
开心一笑
fight
a
good
fight
打了漂亮的一仗
smile
a
sweet
smile露出甜美的笑容
【练习】单句写作：只有努力工作，我们才能过上幸福的生活。
Only
by
working
hard
can
we
live
a
happy
life.
★▲4.
balance
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)n.
[U,sing.]均衡，平衡；[U]平衡能力
keep
a
balance
between...and...
保持……与……之间的平衡
keep
one’s
balance
保持平衡
lose
one’s
balance
失去平衡
?He
tries
to
keep
a
balance
between
home
life
and
his
career.
他力图保持家庭生活和事业的平衡。
(2)vt.
&
vi.
使保持平衡；相抵，抵消vt.权衡重要性，比较
balance...against...
权衡……与……
?You
have
to
balance
the
advantages
against
of
disadvantages
of
doing
so.你必须权衡这样做的利弊。
(3)balanced
adj.保持（或显示）平衡的
keep
a
balanced
diet
保持均衡的饮食
【练习】1.语法填空
（2020·四川成都开学考）As
is
known
to
all
,
a
balanced
(balance)
diet
and
moderate(适度的)
exercise
every
day
are
beneficial
to
health
.
2.完成句子
①（天津高考单项填空改编）你工作太努力了。你最好在工作和休闲之间保持平衡。
You
are
working
too
hard.
You’d
better
keep
a
balance
between
work
and
relaxation
.
②在结满冰的街道上保持平衡不容易。
It’s
not
easy
to
keep
your
balance
on
an
icy
street.
③刚才我骑自行车的时候失去了平衡，掉了下来。
While
I
was
riding
my
bike,
I
lost
my
balance
and
fell
down
just
now.
★5.
bother
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)vi.
花费时间精力（做某事）。常用于否定句和疑问句中。
bother
doing
sth./to
do
sth.
费心做某事
bother
about/with
sth.为某事费心/花费时间精力
can’t
be
bothered
(to
do
sth.)不想花时间精力（做某事）
Why
bother(…)?
干嘛要费事（……）?
?He
didn’t
even
bother
to
let
me
know
he
was
coming.
他甚至都没通知我他要来。
?The
grass
needs
cutting
but
I
can’t
be
bothered
to
do
it
today.
草得剪一剪了，但我今天懒得去做。
?Why
bother
asking
if
you’re
not
really
interested?如果你不是真的感兴趣，干吗要费口舌打听呢？
(2)vt.
使（某人）烦恼，给（某人）造成麻烦
bother
sb.
(about/with.)
(拿某事）烦扰某人
It
bothers
sb.
to
do
sth./that...
做某事/……使某人烦恼。
?I
don’t
want
to
bother
my
parents.
我不想让父母为我的功课烦恼。
?It
bothered
Tom
greatly
that
he
had
failed
his
driving
test.
驾照考试不及格让汤姆很烦恼。
(3)n.
[U]麻烦；[sing.]令人烦恼的情况（或事物、人）
?I
don’t
want
to
put
you
to
any
bother.我不想给你添任何乱子。
?You
are
so
busy
that
I
do
hope
I
haven’t
been
a
bother.
你那么忙，我真的希望我没有烦扰到你。
【练习】完成句子
①He
can’t
be
bothered
to
say
hello.他连打声招呼都不肯。
②Don’t
bother
him
with/about
it
now;
he’s
very
busy.现在不要拿这个去打扰他，他很忙。
③You
needn’t
bother
to
come
up.你不必费心来了。
★▲6.
shoot
【用法归纳】
(1)n.
[C]幼苗，嫩芽，新枝
(2)vt.
&
vi.射击；射门，投篮；拍摄（shoot
作动词时，过去式和过去分词均为shot）
shoot
at…
朝……射击
?The
new
soldier
shot
at
the
target,
but
missed
it
again.这个新兵瞄准靶子射击，但又没有射中。
(3)shot
n.[C]射击，枪声；射门，投篮；照片；镜头；[C,usually
sing.]尝试，努力
shooting
n.
[C]枪击；[U](电影的)拍摄
【练习】判断下列句子中shoot的词性及含义
①Life
of
Pi《少年派》shot
by
Ang
Lee
and
his
team
is
widely
recognized
as
a
best
movie.
v.拍摄
②I
think
it’s
cruel
of
them
to
shoot
the
animals.
v.射杀
③The
basketball
player
shot
the
last
goal.
v.投篮
④Bamboo
shoots
are
eaten
as
a
popular
dish
because
of
the
crispness(脆嫩)
and
fresh,
sweet
taste.
n.嫩芽
[高频短语]7.
take
action
【用法归纳与拓展】take
action意为“采取行动”。其中action前没有冠词，但可用quick(快的),
swift(迅速的),
active(积极的),
immediate(立刻的)等形容词对其进行修饰。
take
action
to
do
sth.
采取行动做某事
【练习】单句写作：收到这一消息后，当地政府立即采取行动阻止疾病蔓延。
On
receiving
the
news
the
government
take
immediate
action
to
stop
the
disease
spreading
.
8.committed
【用法归纳与拓展】committed
adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的，坚定的
be
committed
to
(doing)
sth.
致力于（做）某事；对（做）某事很坚定
?Mr
Li
is
a
committed
teacher,
who
is
very
popular
among
students.李老师是一位尽职尽责的老师，很受学生欢迎。
?We
are
fully
committed
to
equal
opportunity
policies.
我们完全支持机会均等政策。
(1)commit
vt.承诺，保证；做出（错事），犯（罪）；自杀
commit
sb./oneself
to
(doing)
sth.
承诺（做）某事
commit
a
crime/a
mistake犯罪/犯错误
commit
suicide自杀
(2)commitment
n.[C,U]许诺,
承诺；[U](对工作或某活动)献身，奉献，投入；[C,U](资金、时间、人力的)花费，使用
make
a
commitment
to
sb./sth.
对某人/某物作出承诺
make
a
commitment
to
do/doing
sth.
保证/承诺做某事
carry
out
one’s
commitment
履行某人的承诺
【练习】语法填空
①We
will
remain
committed
(commit)
to
the
path
of
peaceful
development
and
shoulder
more
international
responsibilities.
②(江苏高考完形填空改编)
But
he
quickly
found
that
he
loved
playing
this
instrument(乐器),
and
was
committed
to
practicing
(practice)
it
so
that
within
a
couple
of
months
he
was
playing
reasonably
well.
③The
President
made
a
commitment
(commit)
to
the
nation
that
he
would
struggle
for
lower
taxes
and
improve
health
care
after
taking
office.
★9.
absent
adj.缺席，不在；心不在焉的；不存在，缺少
【用法归纳与拓展】
be
absent
from...
缺席……；缺少……
?John
has
been
absent
from
school
for
three
days.
约翰已经三天没上学了。
[语境串记]
Our
monitor
was
absent
from
school
today,
and
his
absence
was
due
to
a
high
fever.
In
his
absence,
Mr
White
started
a
new
chapter.
我们的班长今天没来上课，他缺席是因为发高烧了。他不在时，怀特老师开始讲新一章的内容了。
【练习】语法填空
①(2020·吉林长春开学考)
Concerned
about
the
student,
the
teacher
called
his
parents
to
find
out
why
he
was
absent
from
class.
②I’m
sorry
for
my
absence
(absent)
from
your
birthday
party
yesterday.
I
was
writing
an
essay
to
be
handed
in
today.
★▲10.
involve
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)vt.
(使)
参加，加入；牵连，牵涉
involve
sb.in
(doing)
sth.
使某人参加某活动/参与（做）某事/把某人卷入某事中
?We
should
try
to
involve
every
child
in
the
game.我们应该尽量让每一个孩子都参加这个游戏。
(2)vt.
包括，需要
involve
doing
sth.
包括做某事，需要做某事
?Your
work
involves
cleaning
the
room.
你的工作包括打扫这个房间。
(3)involvement
n.[U]参与，加入
(4)involved
adj.参与，有关联
be
involved
in...
参与……，与……有关联
be
involved
in
doing
sth
专心做某事
?We
need
to
consider
all
the
costs
involved
in
the
project
first.我们首先需要考虑所有与这一项目有关的费用。
【练习】语法填空
①We
are
proud
that
some
students
in
our
school
are
involved
in
the
making
of
the
amazing
video.
[参与]
①He
was
involved
in
working
out
a
plan.
[专心做某事]
②Don’t
involve
me
in
solving
(solve)
your
problem.
把某人卷入某事中
短语巩固
让水龙头一直流水leave
the
tap
running
捡起垃圾
pick
up
litter
例如
for
instance
公共交通
public
transport
提升我们的环保意识increase
our
awareness
of
environment
回收旧电池
recycle
used
batteries
过着低碳生活
live
a
low-carbon
life
与自然和谐相处
live
in
harmony
with
nature
维持人与自然之间的平衡
maintain
the
balance
between
human
and
nature
尽自己所能做某事
do
my
part
for
sth.
与……作斗争
fight
against
似乎
as
if
懒得做某事
not
be
bothered
to
do
sth.
以自我为中心
just-me-ism
遭受
suffer
from
那又怎样
so
what
对……有作用，有影响make
a
difference
to
鼓励年轻人采取行动inspire
young
people
to
take
action
建立set
up
除了...以外（还）in
addition
to
致力于……be
committed
to
……的目的
the
purpose
of
与自然和平相处live
together
in
peace
with
nature
打下坚实的基础make
a
firm
foundation
全世界
all
around
the
world
为……做贡献
make
a
contribution
to
从……的角度看
from
the
perspective
of
对……有负面影响
have
negative
effects
on
事实上in
fact
担心
be/become
concerned
about
处理deal
with
重点句型分析
1.
not
to
leave
the
tap
running
不要让水龙头一直流水
【考点提炼】“leave+宾语+宾补”结构
在“leave+宾语+宾补”结构中，leave作使役动词，表示“让……处于（某种状态、某地等）”。
“leave+宾语+宾补”结构的形式有：
(1)leave+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语
?His
illness
has
left
him
very
weak.生病使他很虚弱。
?It’s
cruel
of
him
to
leave
the
poor
beggar
outside.把这个可怜的乞丐留在外面，他太残忍了。
?I
can’t
find
my
purse.
I
could
have
left
it
in
the
supermarket
yesterday,
but
I’m
not
sure.
我找不到我的钱包了。也许我昨天把它落在超市里了，但是我不确定。
(2)leave+宾语+名词（多表示一种结果）
?His
parents
died
two
years
ago,
leaving
him
an
orphan.
他的父母两年前去世了，使他成了孤儿。
(3)leave+宾语+现在分词（现在分词表示主动及动作或状态的延续，其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系）
?Kate’s
sudden
leaving
left
us
all
wondering
what
was
going
to
happen.
凯特的突然离去使我们大家都想知道将要发生什么事。
(4)leave+宾语+过去分词(过去分词表示被动或动作的完成，其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系)
?The
bad
weather
left
the
project
half
finished.糟糕的天气使工程只完成了一半。
【练习】1.语法填空
①Qi
Baishi’s
style
of
painting
often
leaves
the
audience
guessing
(guess)
and
makes
them
use
their
imagination.
②Firefighters
put
out
the
fire,
which
left
the
kitchen
damaged
(damage)
and
the
oven(烤箱)
completely
destroyed
(destroy).
2.单句写作
他把钥匙忘在了办公室。He
left
his
keys
in
the
office
.（leave）
2.What
would
happen
if
everybody
did
the
same
things?如果每个人做同样的事情，将会发生什么？
【句型分析】本句使用了虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设，故if引导的虚拟条件句谓语用了过去式，主句谓语用了“would+动词原形”。
【考点提炼】虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
不同虚拟条件下，虚拟条件句的主、从句谓语形式一览表：
类型
从句
主句
与现在事实相反
If＋主语＋did
(be动词用were)
主语＋＋do
与过去事实相反
If＋主语＋had
done
主语＋
与将来事实相反
did
If
+
主语
+
were
to
+
do
should
+
do
主语＋＋do
?If
I
were
a
bird,
I
would
fly
in
the
sky.(与现在事实相反)
如果我是一只小鸟，我愿在天空中飞翔。
?If
you
had
taken
my
advice,
you
wouldn't
have
failed
in
the
examination
yesterday.(与过去事实相反)
如果你听从了我的建议，你就不会在昨天的考试中失利了。
?If
it
should
rain
tomorrow,
we
would
not
go
there.(与将来事实相反)
如果明天下雨，我们就不去那里。
【练习】语法填空
①If
he
had
not
been
addicted
to
the
cellphone
when
walking,
he
wouldn’t
have
been
(be)
hit
by
a
car.
②(2020·江苏七市联考)—
Ted
has
never
been
so
rude
!
—You
wouldn’t
have
been
so
angry
if
he
had
made
(make)
an
apology
for
it,
but
I
guess
he
didn’t
mean
to.
③If
I
had
the
chance,
I
would
could/
should/
might
start
(start)
a
business
that
would
benefit
my
classmates
at
my
university.
④If
I
were
(be)
you,
I
would
more
attention
to
English
idioms
and
phrases.
语法
动词－ing和－ed形式
思维导图
【挖教材·语法示例】用括号内词的适当形式完成下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征
1.
Well,
say
you
leave
the
tap
running
(run)
while
you
brush
your
teeth,
leave
a
light
on
when
you
go
out
or
you
drop
a
piece
of
litter
and
can’t
be
bothered
to
pick
it
up.
2.
But
just
think
of
all
the
millions
of
people
saying
(say)
to
themselves：“It
doesn’t
matter...”
3.
One
cheered-up
person,
one
happy
dog,one
flowering
(flower)
plant,
and
you.
4.
Do
you
want
to
make
roots
Shoots
rooted
(root)
everyone’s
heart?
分词的用法
【考点一】分词的基本形式
分词具有动词的特征，同时又有形容词和副词的特征，因而它在句中可以作定语、状语、宾语补足语和表语等。
过去分词没有时态和语态的变化，但现在分词有，具体见下表：
现在分词形式
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
doing
being
done
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
?Hearing
the
good
news,
they
burst
into
cheers.听到这个好消息，他们欢呼了起来。
?Being
talked
to,
you
should
look
into
the
eyes
of
the
person.
有人和你说话时，你应该看着那个人的眼睛。
?Having
told
him
the
answer
several
times,
I
didn’t
know
whether
he
could
understand.
尽管已经告诉他答案好几次了,但我不知道他是否能理解。
?Having
been
told
the
answer
several
times,
he
still
couldn’t
answer
the
question.
尽管已经告诉过他答案好几次了，但他仍然答不出这个问题。
?Seriously
injured,
she
had
to
be
sent
to
hospital
at
once.她受了重伤，必须立即送往医院。
【考点二】分词作定语
1.分词作定语的基本用法
一般来说，若分词与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，则用现在分词作定语；若分词与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，则用过去分词作定语。分词作定语时可以转换成定语从句。
?The
man
talking
with
our
headmaster
is
Tom’s
father.
=The
man
who
is
talking
with
our
headmaster
is
Tom’s
father.
正在和我们的校长谈话的男人是汤姆的爸爸。
情况
形式
意义
现在分词作定语
doing
表示主动、动作正在进行或现在(当时)的状态。
?They
lived
in
a
room
facing
south.
他们住在一个朝南的房间里。
being
done
表示被动且动作正在进行。
?The
problem
being
discussed
at
the
meeting
is
very
important.
会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。
过去分词作定语
done
表示被动、动作已完成。
?The
problem
discussed
at
the
meeting
is
very
important.
会上讨论过的问题非常重要。
特别提醒
2.分词作定语的位置
单个分词作定语时通常前置(也有后置的情况)，分词短语作定语时通常后置，可转化为定语从句。作前置定语的现在分词多数已经形容词化。
?A
barking
dog
seldom
bites.吠犬不咬人。
?Will
the
people
sitting
at
the
back
(=
Will
the
people
who/that
are
sitting
at
the
back)
keep
quiet,
please?
坐在后面的人请保持安静，好吗?
?The
building
being
built
(=
The
building
which
is
being
built)
now
will
be
our
dining
hall.
现在正在建的那栋建筑将会是我们的食堂。
3.形容词化的分词
英语中某些动词的分词形式已经形容词化。一般来说，形容词化的现在分词表示“令人……的”，形容词化的过去分词表示“感到……的”。
exciting令人激动的
excited激动的
frightening骇人的
frightened害怕的
interesting有趣的
interested感兴趣的
tiring令人困倦的
tired困倦的
【考点三】分词作状语
一般情况下，作状语的分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。若分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，则用现在分词作状语；若分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，则用过去分词作状语。
1.分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等，也可以扩展为相应的状语从句或者改写为并列成分。可以置于句首、句中或句末，一般要用逗号同其他成分隔开。
功能
用法及例句
时间状语
可转换为when,while等引导的时间状语从句。
?Hearing
the
noise(＝When
I
heard
the
noise),
I
turned
around.听到响声我转过身去。
?Seen
from
the
top
of
the
hill
(=
When
it
is
seen
from
the
top
of
the
hill),
the
city
looks
like
a
big
garden.
从山顶上看，这个城市像一个大花园。
原因状语
可转换为as,
since,
because等引导的原因状语从句
?Being
poor(＝Because
he
was
poor),
he
couldn’t
afford
a
TV
set.
由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。
?Frightened
by
the
noise
in
the
night(=
Because
she
was
frightened
by
the
noise
in
the
night),the
little
girl
didn’t
dare
to
sleep
in
her
room.小姑娘被夜里的响声吓坏了，不敢在她的房间里睡觉。
条件状语
可转换为if,
unless等引导的条件状语从句。
?Working
hard(＝If
you
work
hard),
you’ll
certainly
succeed.
只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。
?Given
another
chance(=
If
he
is
given
another
chance),
he
will
do
it
better.
如果再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
让步状语
可转换为
although,
though,
even
if,
even
though等引导的让步状语从句。
?Knowing
where
I
live(=Though
he
knows
where
I
live),
he
never
comes
to
see
me.
尽管他知道我住在哪儿，但他从不来看我。
?Wounded
(=Though
he
was
wounded),
the
brave
soldier
continued
to
fight.
尽管受了伤，但这名勇敢的战士继续作战。
伴随状语、方式状语
作伴随状语或方式状语的分词没有对应的状语从句，但常可改写为并列成分。
?Mary
sat
at
the
table,
writing
an
article
in
English
(=
and
wrote
an
article
in
English).
玛丽坐在桌子旁，用英语写文章。
?He
walked
slowly
in
the
forest，followed
by
a
dog.
他在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着一条狗。(伴随状语)
特别提醒
2.有时分词可以与连词连用，可看作状语从句的省略。常见的连词有
while,
when,
once,
if,
though,
although,
even
if,
even
though,
unless,
than,
as等。
?Even
if
invited,
I
won’t
attend
the
evening
party.即使被邀请，我也不会去参加那个晚会。
?While
waiting
for
the
bus,
he
met
Mary.
等公共汽车时，他遇到了玛丽。
3.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，这些过去分词作状语时，既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如lost(迷路的),
seated(坐着的),
hidden(隐藏的),
lost/absorbed
in(沉溺于),
dressed
in(穿着……的),
tired
of(对……感到厌倦的)等。
?Absorbed
in
the
book,
he
didn’t
notice
me
enter
the
room.
他全神贯注地看书，没有注意到我进了房间。
4.分词作状语时，在少数情况下，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，分词用来修饰全句。如:
considering...(鉴于,考虑到…);
generally
speaking(一般说来);
judging
by/from...(从……来看,依据……来判断);
supposing
that...(假定……);
owing
to…(由于……);
speaking
of...(谈及……);
providing/
provided
that...(假定……);
given...(考虑到……)等。
?Judging
from
her
accent,
she
must
come
from
Fuiian
province.听她的口音，她肯定来自福建省。
?Given
her
interest
in
children,
teaching
seems
the
right
job
for
her.考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是适合她的工作。
【考点四】分词作宾语补足语
分词作宾补时，现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义，过去分词则表示已经完成的被动意义。
现在分词
表示主动、动作正在进行，宾语是现在分词所表示动作的执行者。
?I
heard
her
singing
an
English
song
when
I
passed
by
her
room
yesterday.
昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英语歌曲。
过去分词
表示被动、动作已完成，宾语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者。
?I
heard
the
English
song
sung
many
times.我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。
分词作宾语补足语时常用于以下两种情况：
1.位于感官动词后，如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，notice等。
?We
saw
the
teacher
doing
the
experiment.我们看到老师在做实验。
?I
heard
someone
knocking
at
the
door.我听到有人在敲门。
?He
heard
his
name
called.他听见有人叫他的名字。
?She
saw
the
thief
caught
by
policemen.她看见小偷被警察抓住了。
2.位于使役动词后，如make，have，get，keep，leave等。
?They
had
the
light
burning
all
night.
他们整夜亮着灯。
?I’m
sorry
to
have
kept
you
waiting
for
a
long
time.很抱歉让你久等了。
?Many
young
people
have
their
hair
coloured.许多年轻人把他们的头发染了颜色。
?She
still
couldn’t
make
herself
understood
in
English.她依然不能用英语表达出自己的意思。
特别提醒
【考点五】分词作表语
1.分词作表语时，现在分词往往表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词往往表示主语的状态或状况。
?The
result
of
the
accident
is
shocking.这一事故的后果令人震惊。
?The
argument
is
very
convincing.这一论据很有说服力。
?He
seemed
quite
delighted
at
the
news.听到这个消息他似乎很高兴。
?I
am
pleased
with
the
result
of
the
experiment.我对实验结果很满意。
2.有些作表语的分词可看作形容词，比如
exciting,
interesting,
disappointing,
discouraging,
encouraging,
inviting(吸引人的),
charming(迷人的),
delighted,
disappointed,
discouraged,
amused,
astonished,
interested,
tired,
satisfied,
excited,
pleased,
broken
等。
?What
he
said
was
encouraging.他说的话令人振奋。
?We
were
encouraged
by
what
he
said.他的话使我们深受鼓舞。
3.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
区别
过去分词
作表语
强调主语的特点或所处的状态。
?Don’t
touch
the
glass
because
it
is
broken.不要碰那个玻璃杯，因为它破了。(表示主语所处的状态)
被动语态
表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作本身，后面常跟by短语。
?The
cup
was
broken
by
Jim.杯子是吉姆打破的。(强调“打破”的动作)
总结
动词－ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。
动词－ed形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，表示被动和完成，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
巩固练习
A
基础练｜
知识巩固
｜
建议时间：30
mins
一、单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
Topic
Talk
1.
The
movie
was
so
sad.
I
finished
it
using
up
a
box
of
tissues
.
I
was
in
tears.
2.
Generally
Andrew
uses
public
transport
but
on
occasion
he
drives
to
his
workplace.
3.
No
matter
how
dry
a
desert
may
be,
it
is
not
necessarily
lifeless.
4.(2020·江苏南京检测)
Manual
workers
can
be
released
from
tiring
and
repetitive
tasks
on
the
production
line
by
industrial
(工业的)
robots.
解析[工业机器人可以使体力劳动者从生产线上繁重的工作中解脱出来]
5.(2020·天津静海区期末)
As
global
warming
increases,
the
Earth
will
become
less
suitable
to
live
on
and
many
species
will
face
extinction
(灭绝).
6.
In
recent
years,
we
have
suffered
from
the
heavy
smog
(雾霾)
weather,
which
has
done
great
harm
to
our
daily
life.
7.(2020·江苏无锡检测)
The
cultural
factor
is
by
no
means
to
be
neglected
when
we
try
to
create
a
global
(全球的)
brand.
[解析]在我们努力打造全球品牌的过程中，文化因素是不容忽视的。
8.(2020·江苏南通检测)
Undoubtedly,
the
more
petrol(汽油)
and
electricity
(电)
we
consume,
the
more
carbon
dioxide
we
release.
[解析]毫无疑问，我们消耗的汽油和电力越多，释放的二氧化碳就越多。
9.
It
is
common
practice
that
all
rubbish
is
to
be
classified
before
it
is
recycled
(回收利用).
10.
The
team
are
working
hard
to
analyze
the
problem
so
that
they
can
find
the
best
solution
(解决方法).
Lesson1
1.
The
coming
New
Year
signals
the
approach
of
spring,
when
grass
and
trees
start
to
produce
new
shoots
.
2.
It
is
universally
acknowledged
that
reading
lays
a
solid
foundation
for
further
learning.
3.
As
everybody
knows,
vocabulary
is
an
important
part
of
language,
just
like
bricks
(砖)
in
a
building.
4.
Many
people
hold
a
committed
(坚定的)
belief
that
the
cure
for
cancer
will
be
found
one
day.
5.
Who
would
you
like
to
recommend
as
chairman
of
our
research
institute
(研究院)?
6.
Learning
English
means
more
than
memorizing
a
lot
of
words.It
involves
(包括)
a
large
amount
of
reading
as
well.
二、语法填空。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Topic
Talk
1.(2020·江苏泰州期末)
His
speech
about
how
to
live
in
harmony
with
the
wild
animals
was
very
impressive,
leaving
the
audience
lost
(lose)
in
thought.
2.
We
drove
to
the
airport
the
next
morning
to
pick
up
Susan.
3.
The
whole
nation
is
struggling
to
work
out
an
inexpensive
yet
effective
solution
to
smog.
4.
We
can
save
our
planet
through
many
other
ways,
such
as
saving
water
and
using
recycled
(recycle)
paper.
5.
Global
warming
is
such
a
great
threat
that
all
the
options
deserved
exploring/to
be
explored
(explore).
6.
He
went
away
without
saying
anything,
leaving
us
standing
(stand)outside.
7.
I
wonder
if/whether
you
could
put
up
these
boys
for
the
night
as
all
the
hotels
are
full.
8.
Replacing
some
of
the
fats
in
your
diet
with
vegetables
can
provide
a
balanced
(balance)
diet.
Lesson1
1.
Jim
is
absent
from
the
party
for
his
serious
injury
in
the
football
game.
2.(2020·江苏无锡期末)
Prevention
of
COVID-19
is
a
universal
problem,
which
means
that
people
all
over
the
world
should
get
involved
.
3.(2020·上海金山区期末)
Last
month,
part
of
Southeast
Asia
was
stuck
by
floods,
whose
effects
people
are
still
suffering
from
.
4.Concerned
about
these
wild
animals,
people
set
up
reserves
to
protect
them,
especially
the
endangered
species.
5.(2020·北京二中期末)
Helen
had
to
shout
to
make
herself
heard
(hear)above
the
sound
of
the
music.
6.
Parents
should
involve
themselves
in
their
children’s
education.
7.
His
long
absence
from
work
raised
concerns
about
his
safety.
8.
Volunteering
is
pleasant
and
there
is
so
much
more
I
could
do
if
I
had
(have)
the
time.
三、完成句子
Topic
Talk
1.一旦你养成了一个坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。
Once
you
have
picked
up
a
bad
habit
,
it
is
very
difficult
to
get
rid
of
it.
(pick
up)
2.他昨晚熬夜看电影。难怪他今天这么困。
He
stayed
up
late
to
watch
the
movie
last
night.
No
wonder
he
is
so
sleepy
(wonder).
3.所以，如果一个人从失败中吸取教训，失败可以帮助他过上更幸福的生活。
Failure
can
help
a
person
to
live
a
happier
life
if
he
draws
some
lessons
from
it.(live)
Lesson1
1.(2020·江苏扬州调研)——我们的校园网怎么了？
——我不知道。我的电脑有几天没联网了。
—What’s
the
matter
with
our
school
network
?
—I
don’t
know.
My
computer
hasn't
been
linked
to
the
Internet
for
a
few
days.(
the
matter)
2.这些年轻人呼吁社区居民采取行动减少浪费。
These
young
people
call
on
residents
in
the
community
to
take
action
to
reduce
waste
(take
action).
3.除了健康的饮食,你还需要经常锻炼来减肥。
In
addition
to
a
healthy
diet
,
you
also
need
regular
exercise
to
lose
weight.
(in
addition
to)
4.自2000年以来，这个国家一直致力于改善空气质量。
The
country
has
been
committed
to
improving
its
air
quality
since
2000.(committed)
5.绿化我们城市的目的是使我们的城市生活更舒适。
The
aim
of
greening
our
city
is
to
make
it
more
comfortable
to
live
in
.(make+宾语+宾补)
6.我知道我不应该经常在外面吃饭，但我就是懒得自己做饭。
I
know
I
should
not
eat
out
too
often,
but
I
just
can’t
be
bothered
to
cook
for
myself
.(bother)
B
语法练｜
专项突破
｜
建议时间：25
mins
一、用适当的词填空
1.(2019·天津单项填空改编)
Most
colleges
now
offer
first-year
students
a
specially
designed
(design)to
help
them
succeed
academically
and
personally.
[解析]现在大多数大学都为一年级的学生提供一个专门设计的课程，帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。
2.
When
he
woke
up,
he
found
himself
lying
in
the
hospital
and
being
looked
(look)
after
by
an
old
woman.
3.
I
love
Chinese
classical
poetry
because
it
has
a
certain
rhyme(押韵)
and
is
written
in
simple
language,
making
(make)
it
easy
to
learned
and
recite.
4.
When
asked
(ask)
for
his
views
about
his
teaching
job,
Philip
said
he
found
it
very
interesting
and
rewarding.
5.
Will
you
feel
nervous
and
frightened
(frighten)
when
you
arrive
at
a
place
that
you
are
unfamiliar
with?
6.
Founded
(found
)in
the
early
20th
century,
the
school
keeps
on
inspiring
children’s
love
of
art.
7.
I
looked
up
and
noticed
a
snake
winding
(wind)
its
way
up
the
tree
to
catch
its
breakfast.
[一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去吃早饭]
8.(2018·北京单项填空改编)
Ordinary
soap,
used
(use)
correctly,
can
deal
with
bacteria(细菌)
effectively.
9.
Clearly
and
thoughtfully
written
(write),
the
book
inspires
confidence
in
students
who
wish
to
seek
their
own
answers.
10.
While
walking
(walk)
along
the
street,
I
heard
my
name
called
(call)．
11.(2020·福建漳州开学考)
What
I
dislike
is
getting
(get)
up
too
early.
12.
Though
it
was
midnight,
she
found
her
daughter
sitting
(sit)at
the
desk,
completely
absorbed
(absorb)
in
her
homework.
13.
People
read
newspapers
and
magazines
to
keep
themselves
informed
(inform)
of
what
is
going
on
in
the
world
outside.
14.
He
was
quite
excited
(excite)at
the
news
announced
(announce)
by
his
class
teacher.
15.(2020·天津名校模拟)
Generally
speaking
(speak),
John
has
done
a
good
job,
but
even
so,
he
seems
to
lack
confidence.
二、结合分词的用法改写下列句子。
1.
The
sun
shines
brightly
in
the
sky,
and
gives
us
light
and
heat.
The
sun
shines
brightly
in
the
sky,
giving
us
light
and
heat
.
2.
Although
his
father
worked
from
morning
till
night,
his
father
didn’t
get
enough
food.
Working
from
morning
till
night
,
his
father
didn’t
get
enough
food.
3.
As
he
was
absorbed
in
painting,
John
didn’t
notice
evening
approaching(傍晚来临).
Absorbed
in
painting
,
John
didn’t
notice
evening
approaching
4.
After
he
had
worked
for
two
days,
Steve
managed
to
finish
his
report
on
schedule.
Having
worked
for
two
days
,
Steve
managed
to
finish
his
report
on
schedule.
5.
The
witness(目击者)
who
was
questioned
by
the
police
just
now
gave
very
different
descriptions
of
the
fight.
The
witness
questioned
by
the
police
just
now
gave
very
different
descriptions
of
the
fight.
二、语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内词的正确形式。
The
Tang
Dynasty
is
known
famous
poets,
one
of
whom
is
Du
Fu
(712-770).
As
a
young
man,
he
traveled
a
lot
and
1
(show)
a
great
interest
in
many
different
things,
such
as
paintings,
music,
and
of
course
poetry—writing
2
(include).
But
during
his
lifetime
he
never
3
(become)
famous;
in
fact,
he
thought
of
himself
as
a
failure.
It
as
only
in
the
11th
century
that
his
poetic(诗歌的)
genius
4
(recognize).
Nowadays
he
5
(
call
)“the
mirror
of
his
time”because
his
poems
paint
a
realistic
picture
of
the
problems
of
his
age.
These
include
the
sufferings
of
the
poor,
the
corruption(腐败)
of
the
rich,
and
the
unfairness
of
the
society
at
that
time.
Another
famous
poet,
Li
Bai,
6
(
grow
)up
in
Sichuan.
7
(compare)
with
the
other
young
men
of
his
time
in
the
Civil
Service
Examination,
he
was
not
so
8
(success).
So
he
began
a
life
of
travel
and
poetry,
9
(produce)
more
than
a
thousand
poems.
Nature,
friendship,
wine
and
the
human
condition
are
his
favorite
subjects.
It
is
said
that
he
drowned
when
10
(try)to
take
hold
of
the
reflection
of
the
moon
in
the
river.
1.showed
2.included
3.became
4.was
recognized
5.is
called
6.grew
7.Compared
8.successful
9.producing
10.trying
C｜
综合练｜
能力提升｜
建议时间：7mins
课文语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Suffering
from“Just-me-ism”，some
people
pay
little
attention
to
the
environment：they
leave
the
tap
1.running
(run)
while
brushing
the
2.teeth
(
tooth),
leave
a
light
on
when
being
out
or
even
they
drop
a
piece
of
litter
and
can’t
be
bothered
to
pick
it
up.
Though
they
know
that
all
those
things
are
wrong,
they
think
little
of
it.
To
inspire
young
people
to
take
action
for
the
environment,
animals
and
their
community,
Roots
&
Shoots
3.was
established
(establish).
This
institute
was
set
up
in
the
early
1990s
by
Dr.
Jane
Goodall,
4.an
expert
on
wild
chimpanzees.
The
whole
purpose
of
Roots
Shoots
is
5.
to
educate
(educate)
young
people,
from
pre-schoolers
to
university
students,
so
they
can
help
to
build
a
future
that
is
secure
and
live
together
in
peace
with
nature.
The
reason
6.why
it
is
called
Roots
Shoots
is
that
roots
move
7.slowly
(slow
)under
the
ground
to
make
a
firm
foundation,
and
shoots
seem
small
and
weak,
but
they
can
break
open
brick
walls
to
reach
the
light.
In
fact,
even
the
little
thing
you
do
every
day
can
make
a
difference
8.to
the
environment.
For
example,
you
can
make
the
world
a
9.better
(good)
place
when
you
make
a
sad
person
smile,
make
a
dog
wag
its
tail,
and
water
a
thirsty
plant.
Just
as
Dr.
Jane
Goodall
believes,
every
individual
has
a
role
to
play
and
every
individual
makes
a
difference.
To
make
the
world
a
better
place
for
people,
animals
and
the
environment,
it’s
our
duty
to
make
Roots
Shoots
rooted
in
everyone’s
heart.
All
of
10.us
(we)
should
be
a
part
of
a
community
for
a
shared
future.Unit8
Topic
talk
&
Lesson1
1．industrial
adj．工业的→industry
n．[U]工业；[C]行业
2．extinction
n．[U]灭绝，消亡→extinct
adj．已灭绝的，绝种的
3．solution
n．[C]解决办法→solve
vt.
解决，处理；解答，破解
4．recycle
vt．&
vi．再利用，回收利用→recycling
n．[U]回收利用→recyclable
adj．可回收利用的
5．balance
n．[U,sing.]均衡，平衡；[U]平衡能力→balanced
adj．保持（或显示）平衡的
6．shoot
n．[C]幼苗，嫩芽，新枝vt.
&
vi.射击；射门，投篮；拍摄→shot
n．[C]射击，枪声；射门，投篮；照片；镜头；[C,usually
sing.]尝试，努力→shooting
n.
[C]枪击；[U](电影的)拍摄
7．bothered
adj．担心的；烦恼的→bother
vi.
花费时间精力（做某事）vt.
使（某人）烦恼，给（某人）造成麻烦n.
[U]麻烦；[sing.]令人烦恼的情况（或事物、人）
8．foundation
n．[C,U]基础→found
vt.
建立
9．involve
vt．参与；包含→involvement
n．[U]参与，加入→involved
adj．参与，有关联
重点单词与短语精析
★课标词
▲高频词
★▲1.
solution
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)solution
n.[C]解决办法，处理手段；答案，谜底(常与介词to搭配)
a
solution
to...
……的解决办法/答案/谜底
come
up
with/find/seek
a
solution
想出/找到/寻找解决方法
?U.N.
leaders
are
working
hard
to
find
a
peaceful
solution
to
the
conflict.
联合国领导人正在努力寻找和平解决冲突的办法。
(2)
solve
vt.
解决，处理；解答，破解
?She
tried
her
best
to
solve
the
problem.
她尽了最大的努力解决这个问题。
(3)常与介词to连用的其他名词及其搭配：
the
key
to...
……的关键
the
way
to...
去……的路
the
answer
to
...
……的答案
the
entrance
to...……的入口
the
approach
to...……的方式/方法
【练习】语法填空
①—We
need
to
keep
working
and
find
a
solution
to
the
problem
as
soon
as
possible.
—I
couldn’t
agree
more.
②(2018·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解七选五改编)Whatever
you’re
looking
for,
color
is
the
key
to
making
(make)
a
room
feel
the
way
you
want
it
to
feel.
③(浙江高考单项填空改编)
Facing
up
to
your
problems
rather
than
running
away
from
them
is
the
best
approach
to
working
(work)things
out.
★▲2.
transport
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)n.
[U](BrE)交通运输系统；交通车辆。运输工具。在美式英语中，通常用
transportation。
air
/
road
transport空运/陆运
public
transport公共交通，公交车辆
(2)vt.
运输，运送；使产生身临其境的感觉
transport...(from...)to...
把……(从……)运到……
?A
special
bus
transported
the
tourists
from
the
airport
to
a
hotel.
一辆专车把游客们从机场送到一家旅馆。
【练习】完成句子：科幻小说能够把你带到另一个世界或者帮你想象出你没有经历过的事情。
Science
fiction
can
transport
you
to
another
world
or
help
you
imagine
something
beyond
your
own
experience.
[高频短语]3.
live
a
(n)
.
.
.
life
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)
live
a(n)...life意为“过着……的生活”，其中life为动词live的同源宾语，该短语相当于lead
a(n)...life。
?She
lives
a
very
peaceful
life.她过着十分宁静的生活。
(2)live,
smile,
dream,
sleep,
laugh,
breathe,
die后边可以跟与这些动词同根的名词作宾语，这种宾语叫作同源宾语。
dream
a
sweet
dream
做了个美梦
sleep
a
sound
sleep
好好睡了一觉
breathe
a
deep
breath深呼吸
laugh
a
merry
laugh
开心一笑
fight
a
good
fight
打了漂亮的一仗
smile
a
sweet
smile露出甜美的笑容
【练习】单句写作：只有努力工作，我们才能过上幸福的生活。
Only
by
working
hard
can
we
live
a
happy
life.
★▲4.
balance
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)n.
[U,sing.]均衡，平衡；[U]平衡能力
keep
a
balance
between...and...
保持……与……之间的平衡
keep
one’s
balance
保持平衡
lose
one’s
balance
失去平衡
?He
tries
to
keep
a
balance
between
home
life
and
his
career.
他力图保持家庭生活和事业的平衡。
(2)vt.
&
vi.
使保持平衡；相抵，抵消vt.权衡重要性，比较
balance...against...
权衡……与……
?You
have
to
balance
the
advantages
against
of
disadvantages
of
doing
so.你必须权衡这样做的利弊。
(3)balanced
adj.保持（或显示）平衡的
keep
a
balanced
diet
保持均衡的饮食
【练习】1.语法填空
（2020·四川成都开学考）As
is
known
to
all
,
a
balanced
(balance)
diet
and
moderate(适度的)
exercise
every
day
are
beneficial
to
health
.
2.完成句子
①（天津高考单项填空改编）你工作太努力了。你最好在工作和休闲之间保持平衡。
You
are
working
too
hard.
You’d
better
keep
a
balance
between
work
and
relaxation
.
②在结满冰的街道上保持平衡不容易。
It’s
not
easy
to
keep
your
balance
on
an
icy
street.
③刚才我骑自行车的时候失去了平衡，掉了下来。
While
I
was
riding
my
bike,
I
lost
my
balance
and
fell
down
just
now.
★5.
bother
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)vi.
花费时间精力（做某事）。常用于否定句和疑问句中。
bother
doing
sth./to
do
sth.
费心做某事
bother
about/with
sth.为某事费心/花费时间精力
can’t
be
bothered
(to
do
sth.)不想花时间精力（做某事）
Why
bother(…)?
干嘛要费事（……）?
?He
didn’t
even
bother
to
let
me
know
he
was
coming.
他甚至都没通知我他要来。
?The
grass
needs
cutting
but
I
can’t
be
bothered
to
do
it
today.
草得剪一剪了，但我今天懒得去做。
?Why
bother
asking
if
you’re
not
really
interested?如果你不是真的感兴趣，干吗要费口舌打听呢？
(2)vt.
使（某人）烦恼，给（某人）造成麻烦
bother
sb.
(about/with.)
(拿某事）烦扰某人
It
bothers
sb.
to
do
sth./that...
做某事/……使某人烦恼。
?I
don’t
want
to
bother
my
parents.
我不想让父母为我的功课烦恼。
?It
bothered
Tom
greatly
that
he
had
failed
his
driving
test.
驾照考试不及格让汤姆很烦恼。
(3)n.
[U]麻烦；[sing.]令人烦恼的情况（或事物、人）
?I
don’t
want
to
put
you
to
any
bother.我不想给你添任何乱子。
?You
are
so
busy
that
I
do
hope
I
haven’t
been
a
bother.
你那么忙，我真的希望我没有烦扰到你。
【练习】完成句子
①He
can’t
be
bothered
to
say
hello.他连打声招呼都不肯。
②Don’t
bother
him
with/about
it
now;
he’s
very
busy.现在不要拿这个去打扰他，他很忙。
③You
needn’t
bother
to
come
up.你不必费心来了。
★▲6.
shoot
【用法归纳】
(1)n.
[C]幼苗，嫩芽，新枝
(2)vt.
&
vi.射击；射门，投篮；拍摄（shoot
作动词时，过去式和过去分词均为shot）
shoot
at…
朝……射击
?The
new
soldier
shot
at
the
target,
but
missed
it
again.这个新兵瞄准靶子射击，但又没有射中。
(3)shot
n.[C]射击，枪声；射门，投篮；照片；镜头；[C,usually
sing.]尝试，努力
shooting
n.
[C]枪击；[U](电影的)拍摄
【练习】判断下列句子中shoot的词性及含义
①Life
of
Pi《少年派》shot
by
Ang
Lee
and
his
team
is
widely
recognized
as
a
best
movie.
v.拍摄
②I
think
it’s
cruel
of
them
to
shoot
the
animals.
v.射杀
③The
basketball
player
shot
the
last
goal.
v.投篮
④Bamboo
shoots
are
eaten
as
a
popular
dish
because
of
the
crispness(脆嫩)
and
fresh,
sweet
taste.
n.嫩芽
[高频短语]7.
take
action
【用法归纳与拓展】take
action意为“采取行动”。其中action前没有冠词，但可用quick(快的),
swift(迅速的),
active(积极的),
immediate(立刻的)等形容词对其进行修饰。
take
action
to
do
sth.
采取行动做某事
【练习】单句写作：收到这一消息后，当地政府立即采取行动阻止疾病蔓延。
On
receiving
the
news
the
government
take
immediate
action
to
stop
the
disease
spreading
.
8.committed
【用法归纳与拓展】committed
adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的，坚定的
be
committed
to
(doing)
sth.
致力于（做）某事；对（做）某事很坚定
?Mr
Li
is
a
committed
teacher,
who
is
very
popular
among
students.李老师是一位尽职尽责的老师，很受学生欢迎。
?We
are
fully
committed
to
equal
opportunity
policies.
我们完全支持机会均等政策。
(1)commit
vt.承诺，保证；做出（错事），犯（罪）；自杀
commit
sb./oneself
to
(doing)
sth.
承诺（做）某事
commit
a
crime/a
mistake犯罪/犯错误
commit
suicide自杀
(2)commitment
n.[C,U]许诺,
承诺；[U](对工作或某活动)献身，奉献，投入；[C,U](资金、时间、人力的)花费，使用
make
a
commitment
to
sb./sth.
对某人/某物作出承诺
make
a
commitment
to
do/doing
sth.
保证/承诺做某事
carry
out
one’s
commitment
履行某人的承诺
【练习】语法填空
①We
will
remain
committed
(commit)
to
the
path
of
peaceful
development
and
shoulder
more
international
responsibilities.
②(江苏高考完形填空改编)
But
he
quickly
found
that
he
loved
playing
this
instrument(乐器),
and
was
committed
to
practicing
(practice)
it
so
that
within
a
couple
of
months
he
was
playing
reasonably
well.
③The
President
made
a
commitment
(commit)
to
the
nation
that
he
would
struggle
for
lower
taxes
and
improve
health
care
after
taking
office.
★9.
absent
adj.缺席，不在；心不在焉的；不存在，缺少
【用法归纳与拓展】
be
absent
from...
缺席……；缺少……
?John
has
been
absent
from
school
for
three
days.
约翰已经三天没上学了。
[语境串记]
Our
monitor
was
absent
from
school
today,
and
his
absence
was
due
to
a
high
fever.
In
his
absence,
Mr
White
started
a
new
chapter.
我们的班长今天没来上课，他缺席是因为发高烧了。他不在时，怀特老师开始讲新一章的内容了。
【练习】语法填空
①(2020·吉林长春开学考)
Concerned
about
the
student,
the
teacher
called
his
parents
to
find
out
why
he
was
absent
from
class.
②I’m
sorry
for
my
absence
(absent)
from
your
birthday
party
yesterday.
I
was
writing
an
essay
to
be
handed
in
today.
★▲10.
involve
【用法归纳与拓展】
(1)vt.
(使)
参加，加入；牵连，牵涉
involve
sb.in
(doing)
sth.
使某人参加某活动/参与（做）某事/把某人卷入某事中
?We
should
try
to
involve
every
child
in
the
game.我们应该尽量让每一个孩子都参加这个游戏。
(2)vt.
包括，需要
involve
doing
sth.
包括做某事，需要做某事
?Your
work
involves
cleaning
the
room.
你的工作包括打扫这个房间。
(3)involvement
n.[U]参与，加入
(4)involved
adj.参与，有关联
be
involved
in...
参与……，与……有关联
be
involved
in
doing
sth
专心做某事
?We
need
to
consider
all
the
costs
involved
in
the
project
first.我们首先需要考虑所有与这一项目有关的费用。
【练习】语法填空
①We
are
proud
that
some
students
in
our
school
are
involved
in
the
making
of
the
amazing
video.
[参与]
①He
was
involved
in
working
out
a
plan.
[专心做某事]
②Don’t
involve
me
in
solving
(solve)
your
problem.
把某人卷入某事中
短语巩固
让水龙头一直流水leave
the
tap
running
捡起垃圾
pick
up
litter
例如
for
instance
公共交通
public
transport
提升我们的环保意识increase
our
awareness
of
environment
回收旧电池
recycle
used
batteries
过着低碳生活
live
a
low-carbon
life
与自然和谐相处
live
in
harmony
with
nature
维持人与自然之间的平衡
maintain
the
balance
between
human
and
nature
尽自己所能做某事
do
my
part
for
sth.
与……作斗争
fight
against
似乎
as
if
懒得做某事
not
be
bothered
to
do
sth.
以自我为中心
just-me-ism
遭受
suffer
from
那又怎样
so
what
对……有作用，有影响make
a
difference
to
鼓励年轻人采取行动inspire
young
people
to
take
action
建立set
up
除了...以外（还）in
addition
to
致力于……be
committed
to
……的目的
the
purpose
of
与自然和平相处live
together
in
peace
with
nature
打下坚实的基础make
a
firm
foundation
全世界
all
around
the
world
为……做贡献
make
a
contribution
to
从……的角度看
from
the
perspective
of
对……有负面影响
have
negative
effects
on
事实上in
fact
担心
be/become
concerned
about
处理deal
with
重点句型分析
1.
not
to
leave
the
tap
running
不要让水龙头一直流水
【考点提炼】“leave+宾语+宾补”结构
在“leave+宾语+宾补”结构中，leave作使役动词，表示“让……处于（某种状态、某地等）”。
“leave+宾语+宾补”结构的形式有：
(1)leave+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语
?His
illness
has
left
him
very
weak.生病使他很虚弱。
?It’s
cruel
of
him
to
leave
the
poor
beggar
outside.把这个可怜的乞丐留在外面，他太残忍了。
?I
can’t
find
my
purse.
I
could
have
left
it
in
the
supermarket
yesterday,
but
I’m
not
sure.
我找不到我的钱包了。也许我昨天把它落在超市里了，但是我不确定。
(2)leave+宾语+名词（多表示一种结果）
?His
parents
died
two
years
ago,
leaving
him
an
orphan.
他的父母两年前去世了，使他成了孤儿。
(3)leave+宾语+现在分词（现在分词表示主动及动作或状态的延续，其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系）
?Kate’s
sudden
leaving
left
us
all
wondering
what
was
going
to
happen.
凯特的突然离去使我们大家都想知道将要发生什么事。
(4)leave+宾语+过去分词(过去分词表示被动或动作的完成，其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系)
?The
bad
weather
left
the
project
half
finished.糟糕的天气使工程只完成了一半。
【练习】1.语法填空
①Qi
Baishi’s
style
of
painting
often
leaves
the
audience
guessing
(guess)
and
makes
them
use
their
imagination.
②Firefighters
put
out
the
fire,
which
left
the
kitchen
damaged
(damage)
and
the
oven(烤箱)
completely
destroyed
(destroy).
2.单句写作
他把钥匙忘在了办公室。He
left
his
keys
in
the
office
.（leave）
2.What
would
happen
if
everybody
did
the
same
things?如果每个人做同样的事情，将会发生什么？
【句型分析】本句使用了虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的假设，故if引导的虚拟条件句谓语用了过去式，主句谓语用了“would+动词原形”。
【考点提炼】虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
不同虚拟条件下，虚拟条件句的主、从句谓语形式一览表：
类型
从句
主句
与现在事实相反
If＋主语＋did
(be动词用were)
主语＋＋do
与过去事实相反
If＋主语＋had
done
主语＋
与将来事实相反
did
If
+
主语
+
were
to
+
do
should
+
do
主语＋＋do
?If
I
were
a
bird,
I
would
fly
in
the
sky.(与现在事实相反)
如果我是一只小鸟，我愿在天空中飞翔。
?If
you
had
taken
my
advice,
you
wouldn't
have
failed
in
the
examination
yesterday.(与过去事实相反)
如果你听从了我的建议，你就不会在昨天的考试中失利了。
?If
it
should
rain
tomorrow,
we
would
not
go
there.(与将来事实相反)
如果明天下雨，我们就不去那里。
【练习】语法填空
①If
he
had
not
been
addicted
to
the
cellphone
when
walking,
he
wouldn’t
have
been
(be)
hit
by
a
car.
②(2020·江苏七市联考)—
Ted
has
never
been
so
rude
!
—You
wouldn’t
have
been
so
angry
if
he
had
made
(make)
an
apology
for
it,
but
I
guess
he
didn’t
mean
to.
③If
I
had
the
chance,
I
would
could/
should/
might
start
(start)
a
business
that
would
benefit
my
classmates
at
my
university.
④If
I
were
(be)
you,
I
would
more
attention
to
English
idioms
and
phrases.
语法
动词－ing和－ed形式
思维导图
【挖教材·语法示例】用括号内词的适当形式完成下面教材中的句子并体会它们的语法特征
1.
Well,
say
you
leave
the
tap
running
(run)
while
you
brush
your
teeth,
leave
a
light
on
when
you
go
out
or
you
drop
a
piece
of
litter
and
can’t
be
bothered
to
pick
it
up.
2.
But
just
think
of
all
the
millions
of
people
saying
(say)
to
themselves：“It
doesn’t
matter...”
3.
One
cheered-up
person,
one
happy
dog,one
flowering
(flower)
plant,
and
you.
4.
Do
you
want
to
make
roots
Shoots
rooted
(root)
everyone’s
heart?
分词的用法
【考点一】分词的基本形式
分词具有动词的特征，同时又有形容词和副词的特征，因而它在句中可以作定语、状语、宾语补足语和表语等。
过去分词没有时态和语态的变化，但现在分词有，具体见下表：
现在分词形式
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
doing
being
done
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
?Hearing
the
good
news,
they
burst
into
cheers.听到这个好消息，他们欢呼了起来。
?Being
talked
to,
you
should
look
into
the
eyes
of
the
person.
有人和你说话时，你应该看着那个人的眼睛。
?Having
told
him
the
answer
several
times,
I
didn’t
know
whether
he
could
understand.
尽管已经告诉他答案好几次了,但我不知道他是否能理解。
?Having
been
told
the
answer
several
times,
he
still
couldn’t
answer
the
question.
尽管已经告诉过他答案好几次了，但他仍然答不出这个问题。
?Seriously
injured,
she
had
to
be
sent
to
hospital
at
once.她受了重伤，必须立即送往医院。
【考点二】分词作定语
1.分词作定语的基本用法
一般来说，若分词与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，则用现在分词作定语；若分词与被修饰词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，则用过去分词作定语。分词作定语时可以转换成定语从句。
?The
man
talking
with
our
headmaster
is
Tom’s
father.
=The
man
who
is
talking
with
our
headmaster
is
Tom’s
father.
正在和我们的校长谈话的男人是汤姆的爸爸。
情况
形式
意义
现在分词作定语
doing
表示主动、动作正在进行或现在(当时)的状态。
?They
lived
in
a
room
facing
south.
他们住在一个朝南的房间里。
being
done
表示被动且动作正在进行。
?The
problem
being
discussed
at
the
meeting
is
very
important.
会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。
过去分词作定语
done
表示被动、动作已完成。
?The
problem
discussed
at
the
meeting
is
very
important.
会上讨论过的问题非常重要。
特别提醒
2.分词作定语的位置
单个分词作定语时通常前置(也有后置的情况)，分词短语作定语时通常后置，可转化为定语从句。作前置定语的现在分词多数已经形容词化。
?A
barking
dog
seldom
bites.吠犬不咬人。
?Will
the
people
sitting
at
the
back
(=
Will
the
people
who/that
are
sitting
at
the
back)
keep
quiet,
please?
坐在后面的人请保持安静，好吗?
?The
building
being
built
(=
The
building
which
is
being
built)
now
will
be
our
dining
hall.
现在正在建的那栋建筑将会是我们的食堂。
3.形容词化的分词
英语中某些动词的分词形式已经形容词化。一般来说，形容词化的现在分词表示“令人……的”，形容词化的过去分词表示“感到……的”。
exciting令人激动的
excited激动的
frightening骇人的
frightened害怕的
interesting有趣的
interested感兴趣的
tiring令人困倦的
tired困倦的
【考点三】分词作状语
一般情况下，作状语的分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。若分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，则用现在分词作状语；若分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，则用过去分词作状语。
1.分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随等，也可以扩展为相应的状语从句或者改写为并列成分。可以置于句首、句中或句末，一般要用逗号同其他成分隔开。
功能
用法及例句
时间状语
可转换为when,while等引导的时间状语从句。
?Hearing
the
noise(＝When
I
heard
the
noise),
I
turned
around.听到响声我转过身去。
?Seen
from
the
top
of
the
hill
(=
When
it
is
seen
from
the
top
of
the
hill),
the
city
looks
like
a
big
garden.
从山顶上看，这个城市像一个大花园。
原因状语
可转换为as,
since,
because等引导的原因状语从句
?Being
poor(＝Because
he
was
poor),
he
couldn’t
afford
a
TV
set.
由于贫穷，他买不起电视机。
?Frightened
by
the
noise
in
the
night(=
Because
she
was
frightened
by
the
noise
in
the
night),the
little
girl
didn’t
dare
to
sleep
in
her
room.小姑娘被夜里的响声吓坏了，不敢在她的房间里睡觉。
条件状语
可转换为if,
unless等引导的条件状语从句。
?Working
hard(＝If
you
work
hard),
you’ll
certainly
succeed.
只要努力学习，你肯定会成功的。
?Given
another
chance(=
If
he
is
given
another
chance),
he
will
do
it
better.
如果再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
让步状语
可转换为
although,
though,
even
if,
even
though等引导的让步状语从句。
?Knowing
where
I
live(=Though
he
knows
where
I
live),
he
never
comes
to
see
me.
尽管他知道我住在哪儿，但他从不来看我。
?Wounded
(=Though
he
was
wounded),
the
brave
soldier
continued
to
fight.
尽管受了伤，但这名勇敢的战士继续作战。
伴随状语、方式状语
作伴随状语或方式状语的分词没有对应的状语从句，但常可改写为并列成分。
?Mary
sat
at
the
table,
writing
an
article
in
English
(=
and
wrote
an
article
in
English).
玛丽坐在桌子旁，用英语写文章。
?He
walked
slowly
in
the
forest，followed
by
a
dog.
他在森林里慢慢地走着，后面跟着一条狗。(伴随状语)
特别提醒
2.有时分词可以与连词连用，可看作状语从句的省略。常见的连词有
while,
when,
once,
if,
though,
although,
even
if,
even
though,
unless,
than,
as等。
?Even
if
invited,
I
won’t
attend
the
evening
party.即使被邀请，我也不会去参加那个晚会。
?While
waiting
for
the
bus,
he
met
Mary.
等公共汽车时，他遇到了玛丽。
3.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，这些过去分词作状语时，既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如lost(迷路的),
seated(坐着的),
hidden(隐藏的),
lost/absorbed
in(沉溺于),
dressed
in(穿着……的),
tired
of(对……感到厌倦的)等。
?Absorbed
in
the
book,
he
didn’t
notice
me
enter
the
room.
他全神贯注地看书，没有注意到我进了房间。
4.分词作状语时，在少数情况下，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，分词用来修饰全句。如:
considering...(鉴于,考虑到…);
generally
speaking(一般说来);
judging
by/from...(从……来看,依据……来判断);
supposing
that...(假定……);
owing
to…(由于……);
speaking
of...(谈及……);
providing/
provided
that...(假定……);
given...(考虑到……)等。
?Judging
from
her
accent,
she
must
come
from
Fuiian
province.听她的口音，她肯定来自福建省。
?Given
her
interest
in
children,
teaching
seems
the
right
job
for
her.考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是适合她的工作。
【考点四】分词作宾语补足语
分词作宾补时，现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义，过去分词则表示已经完成的被动意义。
现在分词
表示主动、动作正在进行，宾语是现在分词所表示动作的执行者。
?I
heard
her
singing
an
English
song
when
I
passed
by
her
room
yesterday.
昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英语歌曲。
过去分词
表示被动、动作已完成，宾语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者。
?I
heard
the
English
song
sung
many
times.我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。
分词作宾语补足语时常用于以下两种情况：
1.位于感官动词后，如see，hear，feel，smell，watch，find，notice等。
?We
saw
the
teacher
doing
the
experiment.我们看到老师在做实验。
?I
heard
someone
knocking
at
the
door.我听到有人在敲门。
?He
heard
his
name
called.他听见有人叫他的名字。
?She
saw
the
thief
caught
by
policemen.她看见小偷被警察抓住了。
2.位于使役动词后，如make，have，get，keep，leave等。
?They
had
the
light
burning
all
night.
他们整夜亮着灯。
?I’m
sorry
to
have
kept
you
waiting
for
a
long
time.很抱歉让你久等了。
?Many
young
people
have
their
hair
coloured.许多年轻人把他们的头发染了颜色。
?She
still
couldn’t
make
herself
understood
in
English.她依然不能用英语表达出自己的意思。
特别提醒
【考点五】分词作表语
1.分词作表语时，现在分词往往表示主语所具有的特征，过去分词往往表示主语的状态或状况。
?The
result
of
the
accident
is
shocking.这一事故的后果令人震惊。
?The
argument
is
very
convincing.这一论据很有说服力。
?He
seemed
quite
delighted
at
the
news.听到这个消息他似乎很高兴。
?I
am
pleased
with
the
result
of
the
experiment.我对实验结果很满意。
2.有些作表语的分词可看作形容词，比如
exciting,
interesting,
disappointing,
discouraging,
encouraging,
inviting(吸引人的),
charming(迷人的),
delighted,
disappointed,
discouraged,
amused,
astonished,
interested,
tired,
satisfied,
excited,
pleased,
broken
等。
?What
he
said
was
encouraging.他说的话令人振奋。
?We
were
encouraged
by
what
he
said.他的话使我们深受鼓舞。
3.过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
区别
过去分词
作表语
强调主语的特点或所处的状态。
?Don’t
touch
the
glass
because
it
is
broken.不要碰那个玻璃杯，因为它破了。(表示主语所处的状态)
被动语态
表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作本身，后面常跟by短语。
?The
cup
was
broken
by
Jim.杯子是吉姆打破的。(强调“打破”的动作)
总结
动词－ing形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，包括现在分词和动名词两种。动名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；现在分词在句中作状语、宾语补足语、表语和定语。
动词－ed形式是非谓语动词的一种形式，表示被动和完成，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。
巩固练习
A
基础练｜
知识巩固
｜
建议时间：30
mins
一、单词拼写(用本部分所学单词)
Topic
Talk
1.
The
movie
was
so
sad.
I
finished
it
using
up
a
box
of
tissues
.
I
was
in
tears.
2.
Generally
Andrew
uses
public
transport
but
on
occasion
he
drives
to
his
workplace.
3.
No
matter
how
dry
a
desert
may
be,
it
is
not
necessarily
lifeless.
4.(2020·江苏南京检测)
Manual
workers
can
be
released
from
tiring
and
repetitive
tasks
on
the
production
line
by
industrial
(工业的)
robots.
解析[工业机器人可以使体力劳动者从生产线上繁重的工作中解脱出来]
5.(2020·天津静海区期末)
As
global
warming
increases,
the
Earth
will
become
less
suitable
to
live
on
and
many
species
will
face
extinction
(灭绝).
6.
In
recent
years,
we
have
suffered
from
the
heavy
smog
(雾霾)
weather,
which
has
done
great
harm
to
our
daily
life.
7.(2020·江苏无锡检测)
The
cultural
factor
is
by
no
means
to
be
neglected
when
we
try
to
create
a
global
(全球的)
brand.
[解析]在我们努力打造全球品牌的过程中，文化因素是不容忽视的。
8.(2020·江苏南通检测)
Undoubtedly,
the
more
petrol(汽油)
and
electricity
(电)
we
consume,
the
more
carbon
dioxide
we
release.
[解析]毫无疑问，我们消耗的汽油和电力越多，释放的二氧化碳就越多。
9.
It
is
common
practice
that
all
rubbish
is
to
be
classified
before
it
is
recycled
(回收利用).
10.
The
team
are
working
hard
to
analyze
the
problem
so
that
they
can
find
the
best
solution
(解决方法).
Lesson1
1.
The
coming
New
Year
signals
the
approach
of
spring,
when
grass
and
trees
start
to
produce
new
shoots
.
2.
It
is
universally
acknowledged
that
reading
lays
a
solid
foundation
for
further
learning.
3.
As
everybody
knows,
vocabulary
is
an
important
part
of
language,
just
like
bricks
(砖)
in
a
building.
4.
Many
people
hold
a
committed
(坚定的)
belief
that
the
cure
for
cancer
will
be
found
one
day.
5.
Who
would
you
like
to
recommend
as
chairman
of
our
research
institute
(研究院)?
6.
Learning
English
means
more
than
memorizing
a
lot
of
words.It
involves
(包括)
a
large
amount
of
reading
as
well.
二、语法填空。在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Topic
Talk
1.(2020·江苏泰州期末)
His
speech
about
how
to
live
in
harmony
with
the
wild
animals
was
very
impressive,
leaving
the
audience
lost
(lose)
in
thought.
2.
We
drove
to
the
airport
the
next
morning
to
pick
up
Susan.
3.
The
whole
nation
is
struggling
to
work
out
an
inexpensive
yet
effective
solution
to
smog.
4.
We
can
save
our
planet
through
many
other
ways,
such
as
saving
water
and
using
recycled
(recycle)
paper.
5.
Global
warming
is
such
a
great
threat
that
all
the
options
deserved
exploring/to
be
explored
(explore).
6.
He
went
away
without
saying
anything,
leaving
us
standing
(stand)outside.
7.
I
wonder
if/whether
you
could
put
up
these
boys
for
the
night
as
all
the
hotels
are
full.
8.
Replacing
some
of
the
fats
in
your
diet
with
vegetables
can
provide
a
balanced
(balance)
diet.
Lesson1
1.
Jim
is
absent
from
the
party
for
his
serious
injury
in
the
football
game.
2.(2020·江苏无锡期末)
Prevention
of
COVID-19
is
a
universal
problem,
which
means
that
people
all
over
the
world
should
get
involved
.
3.(2020·上海金山区期末)
Last
month,
part
of
Southeast
Asia
was
stuck
by
floods,
whose
effects
people
are
still
suffering
from
.
4.Concerned
about
these
wild
animals,
people
set
up
reserves
to
protect
them,
especially
the
endangered
species.
5.(2020·北京二中期末)
Helen
had
to
shout
to
make
herself
heard
(hear)above
the
sound
of
the
music.
6.
Parents
should
involve
themselves
in
their
children’s
education.
7.
His
long
absence
from
work
raised
concerns
about
his
safety.
8.
Volunteering
is
pleasant
and
there
is
so
much
more
I
could
do
if
I
had
(have)
the
time.
三、完成句子
Topic
Talk
1.一旦你养成了一个坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。
Once
you
have
picked
up
a
bad
habit
,
it
is
very
difficult
to
get
rid
of
it.
(pick
up)
2.他昨晚熬夜看电影。难怪他今天这么困。
He
stayed
up
late
to
watch
the
movie
last
night.
No
wonder
he
is
so
sleepy
(wonder).
3.所以，如果一个人从失败中吸取教训，失败可以帮助他过上更幸福的生活。
Failure
can
help
a
person
to
live
a
happier
life
if
he
draws
some
lessons
from
it.(live)
Lesson1
1.(2020·江苏扬州调研)——我们的校园网怎么了？
——我不知道。我的电脑有几天没联网了。
—What’s
the
matter
with
our
school
network
?
—I
don’t
know.
My
computer
hasn't
been
linked
to
the
Internet
for
a
few
days.(
the
matter)
2.这些年轻人呼吁社区居民采取行动减少浪费。
These
young
people
call
on
residents
in
the
community
to
take
action
to
reduce
waste
(take
action).
3.除了健康的饮食,你还需要经常锻炼来减肥。
In
addition
to
a
healthy
diet
,
you
also
need
regular
exercise
to
lose
weight.
(in
addition
to)
4.自2000年以来，这个国家一直致力于改善空气质量。
The
country
has
been
committed
to
improving
its
air
quality
since
2000.(committed)
5.绿化我们城市的目的是使我们的城市生活更舒适。
The
aim
of
greening
our
city
is
to
make
it
more
comfortable
to
live
in
.(make+宾语+宾补)
6.我知道我不应该经常在外面吃饭，但我就是懒得自己做饭。
I
know
I
should
not
eat
out
too
often,
but
I
just
can’t
be
bothered
to
cook
for
myself
.(bother)
B
语法练｜
专项突破
｜
建议时间：25
mins
一、用适当的词填空
1.(2019·天津单项填空改编)
Most
colleges
now
offer
first-year
students
a
specially
designed
(design)to
help
them
succeed
academically
and
personally.
[解析]现在大多数大学都为一年级的学生提供一个专门设计的课程，帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。
2.
When
he
woke
up,
he
found
himself
lying
in
the
hospital
and
being
looked
(look)
after
by
an
old
woman.
3.
I
love
Chinese
classical
poetry
because
it
has
a
certain
rhyme(押韵)
and
is
written
in
simple
language,
making
(make)
it
easy
to
learned
and
recite.
4.
When
asked
(ask)
for
his
views
about
his
teaching
job,
Philip
said
he
found
it
very
interesting
and
rewarding.
5.
Will
you
feel
nervous
and
frightened
(frighten)
when
you
arrive
at
a
place
that
you
are
unfamiliar
with?
6.
Founded
(found
)in
the
early
20th
century,
the
school
keeps
on
inspiring
children’s
love
of
art.
7.
I
looked
up
and
noticed
a
snake
winding
(wind)
its
way
up
the
tree
to
catch
its
breakfast.
[一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去吃早饭]
8.(2018·北京单项填空改编)
Ordinary
soap,
used
(use)
correctly,
can
deal
with
bacteria(细菌)
effectively.
9.
Clearly
and
thoughtfully
written
(write),
the
book
inspires
confidence
in
students
who
wish
to
seek
their
own
answers.
10.
While
walking
(walk)
along
the
street,
I
heard
my
name
called
(call)．
11.(2020·福建漳州开学考)
What
I
dislike
is
getting
(get)
up
too
early.
12.
Though
it
was
midnight,
she
found
her
daughter
sitting
(sit)at
the
desk,
completely
absorbed
(absorb)
in
her
homework.
13.
People
read
newspapers
and
magazines
to
keep
themselves
informed
(inform)
of
what
is
going
on
in
the
world
outside.
14.
He
was
quite
excited
(excite)at
the
news
announced
(announce)
by
his
class
teacher.
15.(2020·天津名校模拟)
Generally
speaking
(speak),
John
has
done
a
good
job,
but
even
so,
he
seems
to
lack
confidence.
二、结合分词的用法改写下列句子。
1.
The
sun
shines
brightly
in
the
sky,
and
gives
us
light
and
heat.
The
sun
shines
brightly
in
the
sky,
giving
us
light
and
heat
.
2.
Although
his
father
worked
from
morning
till
night,
his
father
didn’t
get
enough
food.
Working
from
morning
till
night
,
his
father
didn’t
get
enough
food.
3.
As
he
was
absorbed
in
painting,
John
didn’t
notice
evening
approaching(傍晚来临).
Absorbed
in
painting
,
John
didn’t
notice
evening
approaching
4.
After
he
had
worked
for
two
days,
Steve
managed
to
finish
his
report
on
schedule.
Having
worked
for
two
days
,
Steve
managed
to
finish
his
report
on
schedule.
5.
The
witness(目击者)
who
was
questioned
by
the
police
just
now
gave
very
different
descriptions
of
the
fight.
The
witness
questioned
by
the
police
just
now
gave
very
different
descriptions
of
the
fight.
二、语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内词的正确形式。
The
Tang
Dynasty
is
known
famous
poets,
one
of
whom
is
Du
Fu
(712-770).
As
a
young
man,
he
traveled
a
lot
and
1
(show)
a
great
interest
in
many
different
things,
such
as
paintings,
music,
and
of
course
poetry—writing
2
(include).
But
during
his
lifetime
he
never
3
(become)
famous;
in
fact,
he
thought
of
himself
as
a
failure.
It
as
only
in
the
11th
century
that
his
poetic(诗歌的)
genius
4
(recognize).
Nowadays
he
5
(
call
)“the
mirror
of
his
time”because
his
poems
paint
a
realistic
picture
of
the
problems
of
his
age.
These
include
the
sufferings
of
the
poor,
the
corruption(腐败)
of
the
rich,
and
the
unfairness
of
the
society
at
that
time.
Another
famous
poet,
Li
Bai,
6
(
grow
)up
in
Sichuan.
7
(compare)
with
the
other
young
men
of
his
time
in
the
Civil
Service
Examination,
he
was
not
so
8
(success).
So
he
began
a
life
of
travel
and
poetry,
9
(produce)
more
than
a
thousand
poems.
Nature,
friendship,
wine
and
the
human
condition
are
his
favorite
subjects.
It
is
said
that
he
drowned
when
10
(try)to
take
hold
of
the
reflection
of
the
moon
in
the
river.
1.showed
2.included
3.became
4.was
recognized
5.is
called
6.grew
7.Compared
8.successful
9.producing
10.trying
C｜
综合练｜
能力提升｜
建议时间：7mins
课文语法填空。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Suffering
from“Just-me-ism”，some
people
pay
little
attention
to
the
environment：they
leave
the
tap
1.running
(run)
while
brushing
the
2.teeth
(
tooth),
leave
a
light
on
when
being
out
or
even
they
drop
a
piece
of
litter
and
can’t
be
bothered
to
pick
it
up.
Though
they
know
that
all
those
things
are
wrong,
they
think
little
of
it.
To
inspire
young
people
to
take
action
for
the
environment,
animals
and
their
community,
Roots
&
Shoots
3.was
established
(establish).
This
institute
was
set
up
in
the
early
1990s
by
Dr.
Jane
Goodall,
4.an
expert
on
wild
chimpanzees.
The
whole
purpose
of
Roots
Shoots
is
5.
to
educate
(educate)
young
people,
from
pre-schoolers
to
university
students,
so
they
can
help
to
build
a
future
that
is
secure
and
live
together
in
peace
with
nature.
The
reason
6.why
it
is
called
Roots
Shoots
is
that
roots
move
7.slowly
(slow
)under
the
ground
to
make
a
firm
foundation,
and
shoots
seem
small
and
weak,
but
they
can
break
open
brick
walls
to
reach
the
light.
In
fact,
even
the
little
thing
you
do
every
day
can
make
a
difference
8.to
the
environment.
For
example,
you
can
make
the
world
a
9.better
(good)
place
when
you
make
a
sad
person
smile,
make
a
dog
wag
its
tail,
and
water
a
thirsty
plant.
Just
as
Dr.
Jane
Goodall
believes,
every
individual
has
a
role
to
play
and
every
individual
makes
a
difference.
To
make
the
world
a
better
place
for
people,
animals
and
the
environment,
it’s
our
duty
to
make
Roots
Shoots
rooted
in
everyone’s
heart.
All
of
10.us
(we)
should
be
a
part
of
a
community
for
a
shared
future.
