人教版（2019）高中英语必修第三册Unit 4 space exploration学案： 重点单词、短语及句式精讲，课文重点小结 （含答案）
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Unit 4课文重点单词、短语及句式随堂练习
Part I 课文重点单词
However,some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
然而,一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
【词汇精讲】句中的determined是形容词,意为“有决心的;意志坚定的”。
He made determined efforts to overcome the difficulties.
他做出了不懈的努力去克服困难。
We are determined to get the work done before New Year’s Day.
我们下定决心要在元旦前完成这项工作。
【思维拓展】
(1)determine to do sth.决定/决心做某事
determine on (doing) sth.决定(做)某事
determine sb.to do sth.使某人下决心做某事
(2)determined adj.坚决的；有决心的
be determined to do sth.决心做某事
be determined that...决心……
(3)determination n．决心；决定
with determination坚决地
单句语法填空
①I have determined ______ going to the countryside after graduating from college.
②He is ______________(determine) to take good care of his parents from now on.
③The ______________(determine) expression on her face suggested that she wouldn’t change her mind.
④Helen was a strong girl and she finally achieved her dream with great _________________(determine)．
⑤(北京改编)______________(determine) to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”．
单句写作
⑥He ________________________________(下定决心好好利用) this chance to learn more about the Chinese culture.
⑦Paul was fond of Chinese culture, so he ______________________ (决定定居) in China.
一句多译
因为决心按时完成这项工作，他们立即着手工作。
⑧_______________________________________ the job on time, they set out to work immediately.(原因状语从句)
⑨________________________ the job on time, they set out to work immediately.(形容词短语作状语)
2.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但探索宇宙的愿望从未消失。
【词汇精讲】disappointed是形容词,意为“失望的;沮丧的”,在句中作宾语补足语。
They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game.
他们对比赛结果极为失望。
He was disappointed to see she wasn’t at the party.
看到她没来参加晚会,他感到很失望。
【思维拓展】
(1)be disappointed at/by sth.对某事失望
be disappointed in/with sb.对某人失望
be disappointed to do sth.因……感到失望
(2)disappoint v. 使失望；使破灭，使落空
(3)disappointment n. [U]失望，[C]令人失望的人/事
(4)disappointing adj. 令人失望的，扫兴的(强调主语的行为或某事令人失望)
单句语法填空
①Although I was ________________(disappoint) I couldn’t keep the toys, I was somewhat proud to take them back.
②To my __________________(disappoint), his behaviour cause some misunderstanding between us.
③The teacher is disappointed ___________ Tony’s attitude towards study.
④We were greatly disappointed __________(know) that she was absent.
⑤The fans were disappointed __________ the film star when they learned some negative news about him on the website.
⑥The fans looked quite ________________(disappoint) when they heard the _________________(disappoint) result.
单句写作
⑦The workers __________________________(失望地发现) that they couldn’t understand the instructions on the machine.
⑧We __________________________(对……感到失望) your previous behaviour.
3.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但探索宇宙的愿望从未消失。
【词汇精讲】句中的desire是名词,意为“渴望;欲望”,desire还可作动词,意为“渴望;期望”。
I owned a bookshop and desired to expand the business.
我拥有一家书店,想要扩大业务。
【思维拓展】
(1)desire sth.渴望得到某物
desire to do sth.希望做某事
desire sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事
desire that...希望……(从句中用should do结构，should可以省略)
(2)have a desire for sth.渴望得到某物
have a desire to do sth.渴望做某事
单句语法填空
①He desires __________(join) the army and devote himself to the country.
②Several people have expressed a desire _________(see) the report.
③(2020·重庆巴蜀中学高一期末)Fashion is a competitive and hard business where people’s desire _______ new ideas is hard to satisfy.
④At yesterday's meeting, the manager desired that the project ______________________(finish) on time.
一句多译
在场的所有学生都渴望上重点大学。
⑤All the students present ______________________________ ___________. (desire n．)
⑥All the students present ______________________________.(desire v．)
⑦All the students present desire that they ________________________.
4.China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号成功绕地球飞行，中国成为世界上第三个实现载人航天的国家。
【词汇精讲】independently为副词，意为“独立，独自。”
【思维拓展】
(1)independent adj.独立的；自主的
be independent of不信赖……；独立于……之外
(2)independence n．独立；自主
independence from sb./sth.从……独立
(3)independently adv.独立地；自主地
(4)dependent adj.依靠的；依赖的
dependence n．信赖，依赖
depend v．依靠，依赖
单句语法填空
①Not only my spoken English, but also my ability to live ____________ (independent) has been improved a lot.
②All living things depend ______ the sun for their growth.
③Susan wanted to be independent ______ her parents.She tried living alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.
④A study abroad program can teach students ________________ (independent) and important life skills.
单句写作
⑤Now that you have grown up, you should ___________________(不依赖) your parents.
⑥Many countries left and ____________________________(独立于) the empire in the 20th century.
5. This signalled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future.
这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。
【词汇精讲】signal作动词,意为“标志着;标明;发信号”。signal也可作名词,意为“信号;标志”。
She signalled that he was about to turn left.
她打手势表示他就要左转。
The siren was a signal for everyone to leave the building.
警报器一响,就是要所有人离开大楼。
【思维拓展】
(1)signal to sb.向某人发信号/示意
signal (to) sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事
signal with...用……发信号
a signal for sb.to do sth.某人做某事的信号
单句语法填空
①The police seems to be _____________ (signal) to us with his arm.
②In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards ___________ (signal) that someone was moving about upstairs.
③The far side of the moon is a rare quiet place that is free from interference from radio ___________(signal) from Earth.
④In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was _____ signal for everyone to stand up.
⑤The judge signaled ______ a police officer and the man was led away.
Part 02短语精讲
1．go up上升；增长；升起；被兴建；被建造；被焚毁
(1)go up by上升了……(表示上升的程度或幅度)
go up to上升到……(表示上升后的结果)
(2)go after追逐；追求
go against反对；违背；不利于
go ahead进行，进展；做吧，干吧
go along进展；继续
go by(时间)流逝
go over仔细检查
go in for爱好；参加考试(或竞赛)
go out出去；熄灭
go through仔细察看某事物，检查某事物；经历，遭受；(法律、合同等正式)通过
go down(物价等)下跌；(温度等)下降；(船等)下沉；(日、月)落到地平线下，落下
go without勉强凑合；没有……也行
写出下列句中go up的含义
①Several new malls are going up in the centre of this city.__________
②It is predicted that food prices will continue to go up in the next few months.________
用go的相关短语完成句子
③Tall buildings are ___________ along the new road leading to the downtown area.
④I didn't ___________ poetry before, but now I'm beginning to take an interest in it.
⑤As time __________, he finds it important to learn another foreign language.
⑥—The woman biologist had stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
—She must have _______________ a lot!
单句语法填空
⑦To get a better grade，you should go ________ the notes again before the test.
⑧I was in the middle of packing up my things when suddenly the power went _______ in the neighborhood.
2．look up抬头看；(在词典、计算机等中)查阅
She looked up from her books as I entered the room.look after照料；照顾
我进房间时，她放下书，抬起头来看了看。
If there are words you do not understand，look them up in a dictionary.
如果有不懂的单词就查字典。
look ahead展望未来
look around环顾；四下看
look at看；检查
look back on回忆
look down upon/on瞧不起
look into调查；审查
单句语法填空
①They look down __________ this kind of work.
②When I look back ______ 2014，I'm proud of what we have achieved.
③When I came in，he was focusing on his novel and didn't look______.
3．focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于
The discussion focused on three main problems.
讨论集中在三个主要问题上。
All eyes were focused on the speaker.
大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。
“集中注意力于/全神贯注于……”表达法集锦：
concentrate (one's mind/attention) on
be buried/absorbed/lost in
keep one's mind on
focus/fix one's mind/attention on
lose oneself in/bury oneself in
单句语法填空
①She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to focus __________ her studies.
②Catherine was seated in the sofa, totally absorbed ______ the book about youth and dreams.
4．carry on继续做，坚持干
After the meal, the managers went back to the meeting room to carry on their discussion.
吃完饭后经理们回到会议室继续他们的讨论。
Whatever difficulty we meet with, we will carry on with the project.
不管遇到什么困难，我们都将继续这项工程。
We all carried on singing as if nothing odd was happening.
我们继续歌唱，就像什么怪事也没发生过一样。
(1)carry on doing sth.继续做某事
carry on with sth.继续某事
(2)carry构成的其他短语：
carry out实施，执行(指示、命令等)，完成(任务)
carry sth.through(克服困难后)把……进行到底，完成
carry sb.through使某人渡过难关
单句语法填空
①Having read stories of Lin Qiaozhi, the girl was determined to carry ______ with her good work.
②(湖北改编)He gave himself a new name to hide his identity when he went to carry _______ the secret task.
③You'll have an accident if you carry on ___________(drive) like that.
④He asked us to assist him in carrying ______________ his plan.
用carry短语的适当形式填空
⑤Although faced with so many difficulties, they still _______________ their research.
⑥The support of her mother ___________ Jane Goodall ___________ and she devoted herself to the study of chimps.
⑦After two trials，we began to ____________ the task.
⑧The team will have to ___________ without Professor Smith.
5. so as to (do sth.)为了；以便
The journalist raised his hand so as to earn a chance to ask the question to the spokesperson.
那名记者举手想获得向发言人提问的机会。
The mother covered the baby so as to protect him from being hurt.
母亲把婴儿盖起来为了保护他免受伤害。
动词不定式的一个主要作用，是在句中作目的状语。in order to或so as so则使“目的”更加明确。
so as to, in order to, in order that, so that, so...as to
so as to
常放在句中，不能放在句首。(否定形式：so as not to)引导目的状语
in order to
可置于句中或句首，引导目的状语，意为“为了；以便”(否定形式：in order not to)
in order that
引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词can/could/may/ might等
so that
引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词can/could/may/ might等
引导结果状语从句，从句中不用情态动词
so...as to
引导结果状语，意为“如此……以至于”(否定形式：so...as not to)
完成句子
①He ran quickly _______________________ catch the last bus.
他跑得很快以便赶上末班车。
②We turned on the light __________/_______________ we might see what it was.
＝We turned on the light __________ see what it was.
我们把灯打开，以便看看它是什么。
③She is ______ angry ___________ say a word in front of him.
她如此生气以至于在他面前说不出一句话。
Part 03句型精讲
1．Before the mid-20th century，most people felt travelling into space was an impossible dream.
在20世纪中期之前，大多数人都觉得去太空旅游是一个不可能实现的梦想。
(1)句式分析：这是一个复合句。主句的主语是most people，felt是谓语，后面是省略了引导词that的宾语从句。在宾语从句中，travelling into space是动名词作主语，was是系动词，an impossible dream是表语。
(2)v.-ing(短语)作主语
①v.-ing(短语)作主语往往表示一般情况或抽象动作，其被动形式为being done。
②谓语动词的数：单个的v.-ing(短语)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式；但是两个及以上的v.-ing(短语)作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据叙述的事来确定。如果是一件事，谓语动词要用单数形式；如果是两件或多件事情，谓语动词用复数形式。
Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.
大声朗读对我们学习外语非常重要。
Being praised by his teacher made him regain confidence.
被老师表扬使他重新获得了信心。
Seeing much, suffering much, and studying much are the three pillars of learning.
见识多、遭难重、钻研深是学问的三大要素。
③当use，good，worth，fun等名词或形容词作表语时，可用it作形式主语，把作主语的v.-ing后置。常见句型有：
It is no use/no good/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/没有好处/浪费时间。
It is worth doing sth.做某事是值得的。
I think it is no good reading in bed.
我认为在床上看书没有好处。
It is worth seeing the movie for another time.
这部电影值得再看一次。
④v.-ing(短语)作主语时，如果要突出动作的执行者，要在前面加上其逻辑主语，这个逻辑主语要用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词，不能用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。
Rose's coming won't be of much help.
罗丝的到来不会有多大帮助。(不能用Rose)
单句语法填空
①___________(know) the differences between the two research findings will be helpful to your experiment.
②(2019·天津改编)Learning to think critically(批判性地) ______(be) an important skill today's children will need for the future.
③(2019·江苏改编)_______(he) making the same mistake again made his teacher very angry.
④It's no use ____________(worry) about it.You can do something to change it.
⑤________________(bring) up in a poor family made Tom very hard-working when he was still young.
2．These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望从未消失。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。but连接两个并列的分句，在前一个分句中，These disasters是主语，made是谓语，everyone是宾语，sad and disappointed是形容词作宾语补足语；后面的分句中，主语是the desire，to explore the universe是不定式短语作后置定语，died是谓语。
(2)“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
该结构的具体形式：
①make＋名词/代词＋不带to的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。
②make＋名词/代词＋过去分词。该过去分词与宾语是动宾关系。
③make＋名词/代词＋形容词。表示“使某人或某物变得……”。
④make＋名词/代词＋名词。表示“使某人或某物成为……”。
⑤make it＋宾补＋不定式(真正的宾语)。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。
Every day my parents make me have an egg.＝Every day I am made to have an egg by my parents.
我爸妈每天要我吃一个鸡蛋。
It's too noisy.I can't make my voice heard.
太吵了，我不能让别人听到我的声音。
We must make the room clean.
我们必须把房间打扫干净。
We made Tom monitor.
我们让汤姆当班长。
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.
大雨使得我们无法出去。
学习“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构需注意以下几点：
①能用过去分词作宾补，但不能用现在分词作宾补；
②宾补若是省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时不定式符号to则必须加上；
③如果宾补是表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，则名词前不用冠词。
单句语法填空
①This produced a chain reaction，which made ______ possible for life to develop.
②The teacher raised his voice so that he could made himself _________ (hear)．
单句写作
③Mary tried to _______________________(留我们吃晚饭)．
④He believes that the system will ________________________(让他成为一名更好的医生)．
3．Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.
尽管困难重重，科学家希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还能帮助我们在未来活得很好。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是scientists，hope是谓语，后面是省略了连接词that的宾语从句。在宾语从句中使用了not only...but also...。
(2)not only...but (also)…表示“不但……而且……”。该结构用法说明：
1.语法功能：连词词组，用于连接平行结构的句子、短语、名词、代词等
2.主谓一致：参照就近原则
3.句子结构：当not only 位于句首，且后接句子时，后面的句子要用部分倒装结构
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.
不但学生们反对这个计划，老师也反对。
He not only read the book，but also remembered what he had read.
他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。
Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
太阳给我们提供光和热。
单句语法填空
①Not only he but also I ______(be) fond of playing the piano.
②Not only his parents but also his brother ___________(go) to the Summer Palace, and they haven't been back yet.
③Not only he but also his parents ________(be) pleased when the result was announced.
④Either you or one of your students ______(be) to give a speech at the opening ceremony.
Unit 4课文重点小结
词性转变
1.intelligence n.智力:才智 intelligent adj.有才智的:聪明的
2.front n.前面:正前方 frontier n.边界:边缘
3.disappoint adj. 失望的; 沮丧的 disappointment n. 失望; 沮丧disappointed adj. 失望的; 沮丧的 disappointing adj. 令人失望的
4. lack n. 缺乏; 短缺 vt. 没有; 缺乏 lacking adj. 缺乏的; 没有的; 不足的
5. determine vt. 查明; 确定; 决定determination n.决心;果断;决定determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的
6.intelligent adj. 聪明的；有智力的 intelligence n. 智力；才智
7.independently adv. 独立地；自立地 independent adj.独立的:自主的;自治的 independence n.独立:独立性:自主
8.limit n.限度:限制 v.切限制limitation n. 限制, 能力上的不足limited adj.有限的limitless adj.无限制的
9.select 挑选; 选拔 selection n. 选择; 挑选 selected adj. 精选的
10.attach vt.系；绑；贴；(使)附属 attachment n．附件；喜爱；连接
11.current adj.流通的:流行的currently adv.现时,目前 currency n. 通货；货币
12.sufficient adj. 足够的 sufficiency n. 足够；充分 sufficiently n. 足够地；充分地
13.globe n.地球仪;地球global adj 全球的:全世界的
14.argue v.争论:争吵:争辩argument n.争论:争吵:争辩
15．keen adj. 渴望的 keenly adv. 强烈地；敏锐地 keenness n. 渴望
16.desire n.渴望 v,渴望 desirable adj. 令人满意的 desired adj. 渴望的; 想得到的
课文重点短语
in closing 最后
run out (of) 用完；耗尽
3. as a result 所以；结果是
4. carry on 继续做；坚持干
5. be curious about 对...感到好奇
6. limited resource 有限的资源
7.on board 在飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
8. attach importance to 重视，认为...重要
9. so as to / in order to 为了；以便
10. high-end 高端的
11. lack of 缺少；短缺
12. solar system 太阳系
13. figure out 弄懂；弄清楚
14. result in 导致；造成
15. in the hope of 抱着...希望
16. provide for sb 提供生活所需
课文重点句式
v.-ing(短语)作主语
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
not only...but (also)…表示“不但……而且……
Unit 4课文重点单词、短语及句式随堂练习答案
Part I 课文重点单词
1.
①on
②determined
③determined
④determination
⑤Determined
⑥was determined to make good use of
⑦determined to settle
⑧Because they were determined to complete
⑨Determined to complete2.
2.
①disappointed
②disappointment
③at/about
④to know
⑤in/with
⑥disappointed disappointing
⑦were disappointed to find
⑧are disappointed at/about
3．
①to join
②to see
③for
④(should) be finished
⑤have a strong desire to go to a key
⑥desire to go to a key university
⑦(should) go to a key university
4．
①independently
②on
③of
④Independence
⑤be independent of
⑥as/became independent from
5．
①signaling
②to signal
③signals
④a
⑤to
Part 02短语精讲
1.
①被建造
②上涨
③going up
④ go in for
⑤ goes by
⑥gone through
⑦over
⑧out
2.
①upon/on
②on
③up
3.
①on/upon
②in
③up
4.
①on
② out
③driving
④through/out
⑤carry on with
⑥ carried/through
⑦carry out
⑧carry on
5.
①so as to(或in order to)
②so that/in order that; so as to
③so; as not to
Part 03句型精讲
1.
①Knowing
②is
③His
④worrying
⑤Being brought
2.
①it
②heard
③make us stay for supper
④make him a better doctor
3.
①am
②has gone
③were
④is
Part I 课文重点单词
However,some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
然而,一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。
【词汇精讲】句中的determined是形容词,意为“有决心的;意志坚定的”。
He made determined efforts to overcome the difficulties.
他做出了不懈的努力去克服困难。
We are determined to get the work done before New Year’s Day.
我们下定决心要在元旦前完成这项工作。
【思维拓展】
(1)determine to do sth.决定/决心做某事
determine on (doing) sth.决定(做)某事
determine sb.to do sth.使某人下决心做某事
(2)determined adj.坚决的；有决心的
be determined to do sth.决心做某事
be determined that...决心……
(3)determination n．决心；决定
with determination坚决地
单句语法填空
①I have determined ______ going to the countryside after graduating from college.
②He is ______________(determine) to take good care of his parents from now on.
③The ______________(determine) expression on her face suggested that she wouldn’t change her mind.
④Helen was a strong girl and she finally achieved her dream with great _________________(determine)．
⑤(北京改编)______________(determine) to be myself, move forward, free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签), I can now call myself a “marathon winner”．
单句写作
⑥He ________________________________(下定决心好好利用) this chance to learn more about the Chinese culture.
⑦Paul was fond of Chinese culture, so he ______________________ (决定定居) in China.
一句多译
因为决心按时完成这项工作，他们立即着手工作。
⑧_______________________________________ the job on time, they set out to work immediately.(原因状语从句)
⑨________________________ the job on time, they set out to work immediately.(形容词短语作状语)
2.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但探索宇宙的愿望从未消失。
【词汇精讲】disappointed是形容词,意为“失望的;沮丧的”,在句中作宾语补足语。
They were bitterly disappointed at the result of the game.
他们对比赛结果极为失望。
He was disappointed to see she wasn’t at the party.
看到她没来参加晚会,他感到很失望。
【思维拓展】
(1)be disappointed at/by sth.对某事失望
be disappointed in/with sb.对某人失望
be disappointed to do sth.因……感到失望
(2)disappoint v. 使失望；使破灭，使落空
(3)disappointment n. [U]失望，[C]令人失望的人/事
(4)disappointing adj. 令人失望的，扫兴的(强调主语的行为或某事令人失望)
单句语法填空
①Although I was ________________(disappoint) I couldn’t keep the toys, I was somewhat proud to take them back.
②To my __________________(disappoint), his behaviour cause some misunderstanding between us.
③The teacher is disappointed ___________ Tony’s attitude towards study.
④We were greatly disappointed __________(know) that she was absent.
⑤The fans were disappointed __________ the film star when they learned some negative news about him on the website.
⑥The fans looked quite ________________(disappoint) when they heard the _________________(disappoint) result.
单句写作
⑦The workers __________________________(失望地发现) that they couldn’t understand the instructions on the machine.
⑧We __________________________(对……感到失望) your previous behaviour.
3.These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed,but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难使每个人都感到悲伤和失望,但探索宇宙的愿望从未消失。
【词汇精讲】句中的desire是名词,意为“渴望;欲望”,desire还可作动词,意为“渴望;期望”。
I owned a bookshop and desired to expand the business.
我拥有一家书店,想要扩大业务。
【思维拓展】
(1)desire sth.渴望得到某物
desire to do sth.希望做某事
desire sb.to do sth.希望某人做某事
desire that...希望……(从句中用should do结构，should可以省略)
(2)have a desire for sth.渴望得到某物
have a desire to do sth.渴望做某事
单句语法填空
①He desires __________(join) the army and devote himself to the country.
②Several people have expressed a desire _________(see) the report.
③(2020·重庆巴蜀中学高一期末)Fashion is a competitive and hard business where people’s desire _______ new ideas is hard to satisfy.
④At yesterday's meeting, the manager desired that the project ______________________(finish) on time.
一句多译
在场的所有学生都渴望上重点大学。
⑤All the students present ______________________________ ___________. (desire n．)
⑥All the students present ______________________________.(desire v．)
⑦All the students present desire that they ________________________.
4.China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号成功绕地球飞行，中国成为世界上第三个实现载人航天的国家。
【词汇精讲】independently为副词，意为“独立，独自。”
【思维拓展】
(1)independent adj.独立的；自主的
be independent of不信赖……；独立于……之外
(2)independence n．独立；自主
independence from sb./sth.从……独立
(3)independently adv.独立地；自主地
(4)dependent adj.依靠的；依赖的
dependence n．信赖，依赖
depend v．依靠，依赖
单句语法填空
①Not only my spoken English, but also my ability to live ____________ (independent) has been improved a lot.
②All living things depend ______ the sun for their growth.
③Susan wanted to be independent ______ her parents.She tried living alone, but she didn’t like it and moved back home.
④A study abroad program can teach students ________________ (independent) and important life skills.
单句写作
⑤Now that you have grown up, you should ___________________(不依赖) your parents.
⑥Many countries left and ____________________________(独立于) the empire in the 20th century.
5. This signalled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future.
这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步。
【词汇精讲】signal作动词,意为“标志着;标明;发信号”。signal也可作名词,意为“信号;标志”。
She signalled that he was about to turn left.
她打手势表示他就要左转。
The siren was a signal for everyone to leave the building.
警报器一响,就是要所有人离开大楼。
【思维拓展】
(1)signal to sb.向某人发信号/示意
signal (to) sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事
signal with...用……发信号
a signal for sb.to do sth.某人做某事的信号
单句语法填空
①The police seems to be _____________ (signal) to us with his arm.
②In order not to be heard, she pointed her finger upwards ___________ (signal) that someone was moving about upstairs.
③The far side of the moon is a rare quiet place that is free from interference from radio ___________(signal) from Earth.
④In our class, when the bell rang and the teacher closed his book, it was _____ signal for everyone to stand up.
⑤The judge signaled ______ a police officer and the man was led away.
Part 02短语精讲
1．go up上升；增长；升起；被兴建；被建造；被焚毁
(1)go up by上升了……(表示上升的程度或幅度)
go up to上升到……(表示上升后的结果)
(2)go after追逐；追求
go against反对；违背；不利于
go ahead进行，进展；做吧，干吧
go along进展；继续
go by(时间)流逝
go over仔细检查
go in for爱好；参加考试(或竞赛)
go out出去；熄灭
go through仔细察看某事物，检查某事物；经历，遭受；(法律、合同等正式)通过
go down(物价等)下跌；(温度等)下降；(船等)下沉；(日、月)落到地平线下，落下
go without勉强凑合；没有……也行
写出下列句中go up的含义
①Several new malls are going up in the centre of this city.__________
②It is predicted that food prices will continue to go up in the next few months.________
用go的相关短语完成句子
③Tall buildings are ___________ along the new road leading to the downtown area.
④I didn't ___________ poetry before, but now I'm beginning to take an interest in it.
⑤As time __________, he finds it important to learn another foreign language.
⑥—The woman biologist had stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
—She must have _______________ a lot!
单句语法填空
⑦To get a better grade，you should go ________ the notes again before the test.
⑧I was in the middle of packing up my things when suddenly the power went _______ in the neighborhood.
2．look up抬头看；(在词典、计算机等中)查阅
She looked up from her books as I entered the room.look after照料；照顾
我进房间时，她放下书，抬起头来看了看。
If there are words you do not understand，look them up in a dictionary.
如果有不懂的单词就查字典。
look ahead展望未来
look around环顾；四下看
look at看；检查
look back on回忆
look down upon/on瞧不起
look into调查；审查
单句语法填空
①They look down __________ this kind of work.
②When I look back ______ 2014，I'm proud of what we have achieved.
③When I came in，he was focusing on his novel and didn't look______.
3．focus on集中(注意力、精力等)于
The discussion focused on three main problems.
讨论集中在三个主要问题上。
All eyes were focused on the speaker.
大家的目光都集中在发言人身上。
“集中注意力于/全神贯注于……”表达法集锦：
concentrate (one's mind/attention) on
be buried/absorbed/lost in
keep one's mind on
focus/fix one's mind/attention on
lose oneself in/bury oneself in
单句语法填空
①She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to focus __________ her studies.
②Catherine was seated in the sofa, totally absorbed ______ the book about youth and dreams.
4．carry on继续做，坚持干
After the meal, the managers went back to the meeting room to carry on their discussion.
吃完饭后经理们回到会议室继续他们的讨论。
Whatever difficulty we meet with, we will carry on with the project.
不管遇到什么困难，我们都将继续这项工程。
We all carried on singing as if nothing odd was happening.
我们继续歌唱，就像什么怪事也没发生过一样。
(1)carry on doing sth.继续做某事
carry on with sth.继续某事
(2)carry构成的其他短语：
carry out实施，执行(指示、命令等)，完成(任务)
carry sth.through(克服困难后)把……进行到底，完成
carry sb.through使某人渡过难关
单句语法填空
①Having read stories of Lin Qiaozhi, the girl was determined to carry ______ with her good work.
②(湖北改编)He gave himself a new name to hide his identity when he went to carry _______ the secret task.
③You'll have an accident if you carry on ___________(drive) like that.
④He asked us to assist him in carrying ______________ his plan.
用carry短语的适当形式填空
⑤Although faced with so many difficulties, they still _______________ their research.
⑥The support of her mother ___________ Jane Goodall ___________ and she devoted herself to the study of chimps.
⑦After two trials，we began to ____________ the task.
⑧The team will have to ___________ without Professor Smith.
5. so as to (do sth.)为了；以便
The journalist raised his hand so as to earn a chance to ask the question to the spokesperson.
那名记者举手想获得向发言人提问的机会。
The mother covered the baby so as to protect him from being hurt.
母亲把婴儿盖起来为了保护他免受伤害。
动词不定式的一个主要作用，是在句中作目的状语。in order to或so as so则使“目的”更加明确。
so as to, in order to, in order that, so that, so...as to
so as to
常放在句中，不能放在句首。(否定形式：so as not to)引导目的状语
in order to
可置于句中或句首，引导目的状语，意为“为了；以便”(否定形式：in order not to)
in order that
引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词can/could/may/ might等
so that
引导目的状语从句，从句中常有情态动词can/could/may/ might等
引导结果状语从句，从句中不用情态动词
so...as to
引导结果状语，意为“如此……以至于”(否定形式：so...as not to)
完成句子
①He ran quickly _______________________ catch the last bus.
他跑得很快以便赶上末班车。
②We turned on the light __________/_______________ we might see what it was.
＝We turned on the light __________ see what it was.
我们把灯打开，以便看看它是什么。
③She is ______ angry ___________ say a word in front of him.
她如此生气以至于在他面前说不出一句话。
Part 03句型精讲
1．Before the mid-20th century，most people felt travelling into space was an impossible dream.
在20世纪中期之前，大多数人都觉得去太空旅游是一个不可能实现的梦想。
(1)句式分析：这是一个复合句。主句的主语是most people，felt是谓语，后面是省略了引导词that的宾语从句。在宾语从句中，travelling into space是动名词作主语，was是系动词，an impossible dream是表语。
(2)v.-ing(短语)作主语
①v.-ing(短语)作主语往往表示一般情况或抽象动作，其被动形式为being done。
②谓语动词的数：单个的v.-ing(短语)作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式；但是两个及以上的v.-ing(短语)作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据叙述的事来确定。如果是一件事，谓语动词要用单数形式；如果是两件或多件事情，谓语动词用复数形式。
Reading aloud is very important for us to learn a foreign language.
大声朗读对我们学习外语非常重要。
Being praised by his teacher made him regain confidence.
被老师表扬使他重新获得了信心。
Seeing much, suffering much, and studying much are the three pillars of learning.
见识多、遭难重、钻研深是学问的三大要素。
③当use，good，worth，fun等名词或形容词作表语时，可用it作形式主语，把作主语的v.-ing后置。常见句型有：
It is no use/no good/a waste of time doing sth.做某事没有用/没有好处/浪费时间。
It is worth doing sth.做某事是值得的。
I think it is no good reading in bed.
我认为在床上看书没有好处。
It is worth seeing the movie for another time.
这部电影值得再看一次。
④v.-ing(短语)作主语时，如果要突出动作的执行者，要在前面加上其逻辑主语，这个逻辑主语要用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词，不能用名词的普通格或人称代词宾格。
Rose's coming won't be of much help.
罗丝的到来不会有多大帮助。(不能用Rose)
单句语法填空
①___________(know) the differences between the two research findings will be helpful to your experiment.
②(2019·天津改编)Learning to think critically(批判性地) ______(be) an important skill today's children will need for the future.
③(2019·江苏改编)_______(he) making the same mistake again made his teacher very angry.
④It's no use ____________(worry) about it.You can do something to change it.
⑤________________(bring) up in a poor family made Tom very hard-working when he was still young.
2．These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望从未消失。
(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。but连接两个并列的分句，在前一个分句中，These disasters是主语，made是谓语，everyone是宾语，sad and disappointed是形容词作宾语补足语；后面的分句中，主语是the desire，to explore the universe是不定式短语作后置定语，died是谓语。
(2)“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
该结构的具体形式：
①make＋名词/代词＋不带to的不定式。当该结构用于被动语态时，不定式符号to要还原。
②make＋名词/代词＋过去分词。该过去分词与宾语是动宾关系。
③make＋名词/代词＋形容词。表示“使某人或某物变得……”。
④make＋名词/代词＋名词。表示“使某人或某物成为……”。
⑤make it＋宾补＋不定式(真正的宾语)。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。
Every day my parents make me have an egg.＝Every day I am made to have an egg by my parents.
我爸妈每天要我吃一个鸡蛋。
It's too noisy.I can't make my voice heard.
太吵了，我不能让别人听到我的声音。
We must make the room clean.
我们必须把房间打扫干净。
We made Tom monitor.
我们让汤姆当班长。
The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.
大雨使得我们无法出去。
学习“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构需注意以下几点：
①能用过去分词作宾补，但不能用现在分词作宾补；
②宾补若是省略to的不定式，变为被动语态时不定式符号to则必须加上；
③如果宾补是表示独一无二的职位或头衔的名词，则名词前不用冠词。
单句语法填空
①This produced a chain reaction，which made ______ possible for life to develop.
②The teacher raised his voice so that he could made himself _________ (hear)．
单句写作
③Mary tried to _______________________(留我们吃晚饭)．
④He believes that the system will ________________________(让他成为一名更好的医生)．
3．Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.
尽管困难重重，科学家希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还能帮助我们在未来活得很好。
(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句的主语是scientists，hope是谓语，后面是省略了连接词that的宾语从句。在宾语从句中使用了not only...but also...。
(2)not only...but (also)…表示“不但……而且……”。该结构用法说明：
1.语法功能：连词词组，用于连接平行结构的句子、短语、名词、代词等
2.主谓一致：参照就近原则
3.句子结构：当not only 位于句首，且后接句子时，后面的句子要用部分倒装结构
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.
不但学生们反对这个计划，老师也反对。
He not only read the book，but also remembered what he had read.
他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。
Not only does the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.
太阳给我们提供光和热。
单句语法填空
①Not only he but also I ______(be) fond of playing the piano.
②Not only his parents but also his brother ___________(go) to the Summer Palace, and they haven't been back yet.
③Not only he but also his parents ________(be) pleased when the result was announced.
④Either you or one of your students ______(be) to give a speech at the opening ceremony.
Unit 4课文重点小结
词性转变
1.intelligence n.智力:才智 intelligent adj.有才智的:聪明的
2.front n.前面:正前方 frontier n.边界:边缘
3.disappoint adj. 失望的; 沮丧的 disappointment n. 失望; 沮丧disappointed adj. 失望的; 沮丧的 disappointing adj. 令人失望的
4. lack n. 缺乏; 短缺 vt. 没有; 缺乏 lacking adj. 缺乏的; 没有的; 不足的
5. determine vt. 查明; 确定; 决定determination n.决心;果断;决定determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的
6.intelligent adj. 聪明的；有智力的 intelligence n. 智力；才智
7.independently adv. 独立地；自立地 independent adj.独立的:自主的;自治的 independence n.独立:独立性:自主
8.limit n.限度:限制 v.切限制limitation n. 限制, 能力上的不足limited adj.有限的limitless adj.无限制的
9.select 挑选; 选拔 selection n. 选择; 挑选 selected adj. 精选的
10.attach vt.系；绑；贴；(使)附属 attachment n．附件；喜爱；连接
11.current adj.流通的:流行的currently adv.现时,目前 currency n. 通货；货币
12.sufficient adj. 足够的 sufficiency n. 足够；充分 sufficiently n. 足够地；充分地
13.globe n.地球仪;地球global adj 全球的:全世界的
14.argue v.争论:争吵:争辩argument n.争论:争吵:争辩
15．keen adj. 渴望的 keenly adv. 强烈地；敏锐地 keenness n. 渴望
16.desire n.渴望 v,渴望 desirable adj. 令人满意的 desired adj. 渴望的; 想得到的
课文重点短语
in closing 最后
run out (of) 用完；耗尽
3. as a result 所以；结果是
4. carry on 继续做；坚持干
5. be curious about 对...感到好奇
6. limited resource 有限的资源
7.on board 在飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
8. attach importance to 重视，认为...重要
9. so as to / in order to 为了；以便
10. high-end 高端的
11. lack of 缺少；短缺
12. solar system 太阳系
13. figure out 弄懂；弄清楚
14. result in 导致；造成
15. in the hope of 抱着...希望
16. provide for sb 提供生活所需
课文重点句式
v.-ing(短语)作主语
“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
not only...but (also)…表示“不但……而且……
Unit 4课文重点单词、短语及句式随堂练习答案
Part I 课文重点单词
1.
①on
②determined
③determined
④determination
⑤Determined
⑥was determined to make good use of
⑦determined to settle
⑧Because they were determined to complete
⑨Determined to complete2.
2.
①disappointed
②disappointment
③at/about
④to know
⑤in/with
⑥disappointed disappointing
⑦were disappointed to find
⑧are disappointed at/about
3．
①to join
②to see
③for
④(should) be finished
⑤have a strong desire to go to a key
⑥desire to go to a key university
⑦(should) go to a key university
4．
①independently
②on
③of
④Independence
⑤be independent of
⑥as/became independent from
5．
①signaling
②to signal
③signals
④a
⑤to
Part 02短语精讲
1.
①被建造
②上涨
③going up
④ go in for
⑤ goes by
⑥gone through
⑦over
⑧out
2.
①upon/on
②on
③up
3.
①on/upon
②in
③up
4.
①on
② out
③driving
④through/out
⑤carry on with
⑥ carried/through
⑦carry out
⑧carry on
5.
①so as to(或in order to)
②so that/in order that; so as to
③so; as not to
Part 03句型精讲
1.
①Knowing
②is
③His
④worrying
⑤Being brought
2.
①it
②heard
③make us stay for supper
④make him a better doctor
3.
①am
②has gone
③were
④is